CN112888845A - 涡轮控制*** - Google Patents

涡轮控制*** Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112888845A
CN112888845A CN201980041663.9A CN201980041663A CN112888845A CN 112888845 A CN112888845 A CN 112888845A CN 201980041663 A CN201980041663 A CN 201980041663A CN 112888845 A CN112888845 A CN 112888845A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
valve
turbine
control system
speed
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201980041663.9A
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English (en)
Inventor
卡米洛·洛佩兹
马克·福尔茨
史蒂夫·李·米勒
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ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Schweiz AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Schweiz AG filed Critical ABB Schweiz AG
Publication of CN112888845A publication Critical patent/CN112888845A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C20/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines or engines
    • F01C20/28—Safety arrangements; Monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/02—Arrangement of sensing elements
    • F01D17/06—Arrangement of sensing elements responsive to speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10—Final actuators
    • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/141—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path
    • F01D17/145—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path by means of valves, e.g. for steam turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/20—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted
    • F01D17/22—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted the operation or power assistance being predominantly non-mechanical
    • F01D17/26—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted the operation or power assistance being predominantly non-mechanical fluid, e.g. hydraulic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/02—Shutting-down responsive to overspeed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/003—Arrangements for measuring or testing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
    • F02C7/232—Fuel valves; Draining valves or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
    • F02C9/263—Control of fuel supply by means of fuel metering valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
    • F02C9/28—Regulating systems responsive to plant or ambient parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure, rotor speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/48—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant
    • F02C9/50—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow
    • F02C9/52—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow by bleeding or by-passing the working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/48—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant
    • F02C9/50—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow
    • F02C9/54—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow by throttling the working fluid, by adjusting vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/122—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K37/00—Special means in or on valves or other cut-off apparatus for indicating or recording operation thereof, or for enabling an alarm to be given
    • F16K37/0025—Electrical or magnetic means
    • F16K37/0041—Electrical or magnetic means for measuring valve parameters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K37/00—Special means in or on valves or other cut-off apparatus for indicating or recording operation thereof, or for enabling an alarm to be given
    • F16K37/0075—For recording or indicating the functioning of a valve in combination with test equipment
    • F16K37/0083—For recording or indicating the functioning of a valve in combination with test equipment by measuring valve parameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D3/00—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups
    • G01D3/08—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups with provision for safeguarding the apparatus, e.g. against abnormal operation, against breakdown
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • G01D5/22—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature differentially influencing two coils
    • G01D5/2291—Linear or rotary variable differential transformers (LVDTs/RVDTs) having a single primary coil and two secondary coils
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P21/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups
    • G01P21/02—Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups of speedometers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
    • G01R31/282—Testing of electronic circuits specially adapted for particular applications not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/2829—Testing of circuits in sensor or actuator systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/80—Diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/84—Redundancy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/02—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/02—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
    • F05D2270/021—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n) to prevent overspeed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/16—Purpose of the control system to control water or steam injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/60—Control system actuates means
    • F05D2270/64—Hydraulic actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F05D2270/804—Optical devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/32—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/327—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation electrically or electronically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63—Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303—Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/6336—Electronic controllers using input signals representing a state of the output member, e.g. position, speed or acceleration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63—Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303—Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/634—Electronic controllers using input signals representing a state of a valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/665—Methods of control using electronic components
    • F15B2211/6656—Closed loop control, i.e. control using feedback
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051—Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7053—Double-acting output members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/765—Control of position or angle of the output member
    • F15B2211/7656—Control of position or angle of the output member with continuous position control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/875—Control measures for coping with failures
    • F15B2211/8757—Control measures for coping with failures using redundant components or assemblies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Servomotors (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种涡轮控制***，用于减少涡轮的速度的读数和响应于此来改变阀位置之间的响应时间。速度控制***包括检测涡轮的速度的速度探测器和控制流入或流出涡轮的流体或气体的流动的涡轮阀。控制器从速度探测器接收速度信号，并向涡轮阀发送阀位置命令。控制器还向涡轮阀发送支持功能。控制器以比支持功能更快的速率发送阀位置命令。

Description

涡轮控制***
背景技术
本发明大体上涉及涡轮机，并且更具体地涉及一种用于控制其中的阀的***。
发电厂采用大型蒸汽涡轮发电。在蒸汽涡轮中，阀的快速控制可能特别有用。
附图说明
通过结合附图阅读以下描述，可以更充分地理解本发明，其中：
图1是涡轮控制***的示意图。
图2是涡轮控制***的另一示意图。
图3是示出控制器的快循环和慢循环以及与多个阀定位模块的通信的示意图。
图4是通过快循环被生成的位置分组的示意图。
图5是通过慢循环被生成的支持功能分组的示意图。
具体实施方式
优选实施例的一个方面涉及阀控制多播(multicasting)。涡轮控制***需要来自其电子调速器的越来越快的响应时间，以便提供紧密的、响应的和安全的涡***作。电子调速器的响应时间通常被定义为从***读取物理涡轮速度信号的时刻到物理伺服输出信号直接响应于速度输入信号的改变被调整的时刻的时间延迟。如图1中所示出，在调速器控制链中有几个影响总体调速器响应时间的元素。基本元素是：1)涡轮保护模块读取并调节速度输入信号(10)；2)通过I/O总线(12)将速度信号传输给主DCS控制器；3)在DCS控制器(包括速度PID)(14)内部执行控制逻辑；4)阀位置需求信号从DCS控制器通过I/O总线到阀***(16)的传输；以及5)在阀***内部执行阀定位功能并生成物理伺服输出信号(18)。
一些现有***使用控制器来执行涉及阀控制的全部功能。除了控制器需要执行的其他功能之外，这还包括关键任务和非关键任务。然而，优选实施例分割了功能，以使得关键功能在快速任务中被执行或在I/O模块级别向下执行，以将执行时间大大减少至几毫秒。此外，不太关键的功能在较慢的任务中被执行，从而减轻了控制器的压力。
优选实施例的主要应用一般是发电厂处的大型蒸汽涡轮。该应用的使用比过去使用的传统控制提供了对多个蒸汽阀的快得多的控制。预期的改善约为10:1。附加地，需要更快控制阀的其他应用可以从优选实施例中受益。
调速器响应时间的延迟的最大原因是主DCS控制器内部的控制逻辑的执行，该延迟可能从几毫秒到几百毫秒变化。DCS控制器执行调速器功能，诸如速度控制、负载控制、保护、燃料控制和与I/O模块的通信接口。最后一个元件(与I/O模块的通信接口)可能在具有大量I/O且更具体地具有大量阀***I/O模块的***中给DCS控制器带来非常大的负担。到阀***I/O模块的通信接口在每个实例中可能花费几毫秒，从而导致对于具有大量燃油阀的涡轮应用，控制器执行时间变慢，且调速器响应时间变慢，这代表了许多蒸汽和燃气涡轮。
优选实施例的一个优点是大大减少了DCS控制器中的执行时间。另一优点是减少了控制器中所需的逻辑量。另一优点是阀位置I/O模块内部的关键功能与非关键功能之间的区别。
除上文所描述的任何特征之外，如本文中所描述的发明还可以具有以下特征中的一个或多个。参照附图，示出了以下特征。
涡轮控制***包括：速度探测器20，检测涡轮26的速度；涡轮阀24，控制流入或流出涡轮26的流体或气体的流动；控制器14，与速度探测器20和涡轮阀24通信，控制器14从速度探测器20接收速度信号，并且控制器14向涡轮阀24发送第一信号32和第二信号34，第一信号32包括用以响应于速度信号改变涡轮阀24的位置的阀位置命令40，并且第二信号34包括响应于速度信号，不命令涡轮阀24的位置改变的支持功能42，其中控制器14以比第二信号34更快的速率输出第一信号32。
涡轮控制还包括被附接在涡轮26上并且可随其旋转的速度轮22，速度探测器20在速度轮22的齿经过速度探测器20时识别齿。
涡轮控制还包括速度监测模块10，速度监测模块10与速度探测器20通信，并且速度监测模块10通过I/O总线12与控制器14通信。
涡轮控制***，其中支持功能42包括诊断功能、反馈功能、校准功能或测试功能以及与之相关联的数据44。
涡轮控制***，其中控制器14以快循环28和慢循环30来处理任务，第一信号32以快循环28(fast cycle)被处理，并且第二信号34以慢循环30(slow cycle)被处理。
涡轮控制***还包括阀定位模块18，阀定位模块18与涡轮阀24通信，并且阀定位模块18通过I/O总线16与控制器14通信。
涡轮控制***还包括多个阀定位模块18和多个涡轮阀24，阀定位模块18中的每个阀定位模块与涡轮阀24中的单独的一个涡轮阀通信，并且控制器14分别与多个阀定位模块18中的每个阀定位模块通信以发送包括支持功能42的第二信号34，从而支持功能42中的每个支持功能对应于多个阀定位模块18中的特定一个阀定位模块。
涡轮控制***，其中多个涡轮阀24中的每个涡轮阀包括燃料阀、旁通阀、截止阀或调速阀。
涡轮控制***，其中多个阀定位模块18中的每个阀定位模块包括在其中的单独的电路板和处理器。
涡轮控制***，其中控制器14利用分组32、34与多个阀定位模块18通信，每个分组32、34包含与多个阀定位模块18中的一个阀定位模块相关联的至少一个地址38。
涡轮控制***，其中第一信号32包括第一类型的分组32，该第一类型的分组包含与多个阀定位模块18中的超过一个阀定位模块相关联的多个地址38，第一类型的分组32还包含用于多个地址38中的每个地址的阀位置命令40中的一个阀位置命令。
涡轮控制***，其中第一类型的分组32包含多播标记36，多播标记36指示多个阀定位模块18中的所有阀定位模块必须读取分组32。
涡轮控制***，其中第二信号34包括第二类型的分组34，该第二类型的分组包含与多个阀定位模块18中的仅一个阀定位模块相关联的仅一个地址38。
涡轮控制***，其中如果分组34不包含与相应阀定位模块18相关联的地址38，则多个阀定位模块18忽略第二类型的分组34。
应当理解，如果需要，则本文中所描述的优选实施例可以被实施为非暂时性计算机可读介质中的计算机化方法。
虽然已经描述了本发明的优选实施例，但是应当理解，本发明不限于此，并且可以在不脱离本文中的发明的情况下进行修改。虽然本文中所描述的每个实施例可以仅涉及某些特征，并且可能不具体涉及相对于其他实施例描述的每个特征，但是应当认识到，除非另有描述，否则本文中所描述的特征是可互换的，即使没有参考特定特征。还应当理解，上文所描述的优点不一定是发明的唯一优点，并且不一定期望利用发明的每个实施例实现全部所描述的优点。发明的范围由所附权利要求书限定，并且在字面上或等同地落入权利要求书的含义内的全部设备和方法都意图被包含在其中。

Claims (20)

1.一种涡轮控制***，包括：
速度探测器，检测涡轮的速度；
涡轮阀，控制流入或流出所述涡轮的流体或气体的流动；
控制器，与所述速度探测器和所述涡轮阀通信，所述控制器从所述速度探测器接收速度信号，并且所述控制器向所述涡轮阀发送第一信号和第二信号，所述第一信号包括用以响应于所述速度信号而改变所述涡轮阀的位置的阀位置命令，并且所述第二信号包括响应于所述速度信号而不命令所述涡轮阀的位置改变的支持功能，
其中所述控制器以比所述第二信号更快的速率输出所述第一信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮控制***，还包括被附接到所述涡轮、并且能够随所述涡轮旋转的速度轮，所述速度探测器在所述速度轮的齿经过所述速度探测器时识别所述齿。
3.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮控制***，还包括速度监测模块，所述速度监测模块与所述速度探测器通信，并且所述速度监测模块通过I/O总线与所述控制器通信。
4.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮控制***，其中所述支持功能包括诊断功能、反馈功能、校准功能或测试功能以及与之相关联的数据。
5.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮控制***，其中所述控制器以快循环和慢循环来处理任务，所述第一信号以所述快循环被处理，并且所述第二信号以所述慢循环被处理。
6.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮控制***，还包括阀定位模块，所述阀定位模块与所述涡轮阀通信，并且所述阀定位模块通过I/O总线与所述控制器通信。
7.根据权利要求6所述的涡轮控制***，还包括多个阀定位模块和多个涡轮阀，所述阀定位模块中的每个阀定位模块与所述涡轮阀中的单独的一个涡轮阀通信，并且所述控制器分别与所述多个阀定位模块中的每个阀定位模块通信以发送所述第二信号，所述第二信号包括所述支持功能，从而所述支持功能中的每个支持功能对应于所述多个阀定位模块中的特定一个阀定位模块。
8.根据权利要求7所述的涡轮控制***，其中所述多个涡轮阀中的每个涡轮阀包括燃料阀、旁通阀、截止阀或调速阀。
9.根据权利要求7所述的涡轮控制***，其中所述多个阀定位模块中的每个阀定位模块包括在其中的单独的电路板和处理器。
10.根据权利要求7所述的涡轮控制***，其中所述控制器利用分组与所述多个阀定位模块通信，每个分组包含与所述多个阀定位模块中的一个阀定位模块相关联的至少一个地址。
11.根据权利要求10所述的涡轮控制***，其中所述第一信号包括第一类型的分组，所述第一类型的分组包含与所述多个阀定位模块中的超过一个的阀门定位模块相关联的多个地址，所述第一类型的分组还包含用于所述多个地址中的每个地址的所述阀位置命令中的一个阀位置命令。
12.根据权利要求11所述的涡轮控制***，其中所述第一类型的分组包含多播标记，所述多播标记指示所述多个阀定位模块中的所有阀定位模块必须读取所述分组。
13.根据权利要求10所述的涡轮控制***，其中所述第二信号包括第二类型的分组，所述第二类型的分组包含与所述多个阀定位模块中的仅一个阀定位模块相关联的仅一个地址。
14.根据权利要求14所述的涡轮控制***，其中如果所述分组不包含与相应的所述阀定位模块相关联的地址，则所述多个阀定位模块忽略所述第二类型的分组。
15.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮控制***，还包括阀定位模块，所述阀定位模块与所述涡轮阀通信，并且所述阀定位模块通过I/O总线与所述控制器通信，所述涡轮控制***还包括多个阀定位模块和多个涡轮阀，所述阀定位模块中的每个阀定位模块与所述涡轮阀中的单独的一个涡轮阀通信，并且所述控制器分别与所述多个阀定位模块中的每个阀定位模块通信，以发送包括所述支持功能的所述第二信号，从而所述支持功能中的每个支持功能对应于所述多个阀定位模块中的特定一个阀定位模块，并且其中所述控制器以快循环和慢循环来处理任务，所述第一信号以所述快循环被处理，并且所述第二信号以所述慢循环被处理。
16.根据权利要求15所述的涡轮控制***，其中所述控制器利用分组与所述多个阀定位模块通信，每个分组包含与所述多个阀定位模块中的一个阀定位模块相关联的至少一个地址，并且所述第一信号被包含在第一类型的分组中，所述第一类型的分组包含与所述多个阀定位模块中的超过一个的阀定位模块相关联的多个地址，所述第一类型的分组还包含用于所述多个地址中的每个地址的所述阀位置命令中的一个阀位置命令。
17.根据权利要求16所述的涡轮控制***，其中所述第一类型的分组包含多播标记，所述多播标记指示所述多个阀定位模块中的所有阀定位模块必须读取所述分组。
18.根据权利要求17所述的涡轮控制***，其中所述第二信号被包含在第二类型的分组中，所述第二类型的分组包含与所述多个阀定位模块中的仅一个阀定位模块相关联的仅一个地址，并且如果所述分组不包含与相应的所述阀定位模块相关联的地址，则所述多个阀定位模块忽略所述第二类型的分组。
19.根据权利要求18所述的涡轮控制***，还包括被附接到所述涡轮、并且能够随所述涡轮旋转的速度轮，所述速度探测器在所述速度轮的齿经过所述速度探测器时识别所述齿，其中所述支持功能包括诊断功能、反馈功能、校准功能或测试功能以及与之相关联的数据，并且所述多个阀定位模块中的每个阀定位模块包括在其中的单独的电路板和处理器。
20.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮控制***，还包括速度监测模块，所述速度监测模块与所述速度探测器通信，并且所述速度监测模块通过I/O总线与所述控制器通信，其中所述多个涡轮阀中的每个涡轮阀包括燃料阀、旁通阀、截止阀或调速阀。
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