Graphene battery based on damping of surrounding elastic element and damping method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of graphene battery shock absorption, in particular to a graphene battery based on damping of a surrounding elastic element and a shock absorption method of the graphene battery.
Background
The graphene battery is a new energy battery developed by utilizing the characteristic that lithium ions rapidly shuttle between the surface of graphene and an electrode in a large quantity, and the problem of short circuit or short circuit of the graphene battery and a connection position is caused by the fact that the graphene battery is often subjected to shaking and shaking in the use process of the graphene battery, so that the use of the graphene battery is influenced.
At present, the method for damping the graphene battery is mainly to fix the position of the graphene battery directly by using a structure, but when the graphene battery is severely shaken, the graphene battery easily drops from a device for fixing the graphene battery, and the use of the graphene battery is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a graphene battery based on damping of a surrounding elastic element and a damping method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the above object, an object of the present invention is to provide a graphene battery based on damping of a surrounding elastic element, including an external protection device, a pressing device is disposed at a position close to an upper side of the external protection device, an internal clamping device is disposed inside the external protection device, and screw caps are disposed at upper and lower sides of the external protection device;
the external protection device comprises a protection shell and a plurality of surrounding damping devices which are annularly arranged on the outer side of the external protection device, the protection shell comprises a tubular protection tube, side sliding grooves are symmetrically formed in the position, close to the bottom, inside the protection tube, extrusion springs are arranged inside the side sliding grooves, an annular outer abutting ring is fixedly connected to the position, close to the middle, of the outer side wall of the protection tube, a plurality of surrounding arc grooves corresponding to the surrounding damping devices are formed in the outer abutting ring in an annular arrangement mode, the surrounding damping devices comprise two cylindrical surrounding supporting columns, a middle sliding block is arranged between the two surrounding supporting columns, surrounding spring baffles are fixedly connected to the upper ends of the surrounding supporting columns, and the surrounding springs are directly arranged on the surrounding spring baffles and the middle sliding block;
the pressing device comprises an annular pressing plate, insertion sliding columns corresponding to the surrounding damping devices are fixedly connected to the bottom of the pressing plate in an annular arrangement mode, and pressing springs are sleeved on the insertion sliding columns close to the bottom;
the inner clamping device comprises a pressing inner barrel, a pushing frame is sleeved on the outer side of the pressing inner barrel, a plurality of battery positioning devices are annularly arranged at positions close to the bottom side inside the pressing inner barrel, the pressing inner barrel comprises an annular inner barrel pipe, an annular outer side ring is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the inner barrel pipe, connecting plate grooves are symmetrically formed in the outer side ring in the left-right direction, the pushing frame comprises an annular pushing upper ring, connecting plates matched with the connecting plate grooves are fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of the bottom of the pushing upper ring, an annular pushing lower ring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting plate, a plurality of pushing springs are annularly arranged on the upper side of the pushing lower ring along a track of the pushing lower ring, side sliding blocks matched with the side sliding grooves are fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of the outer side of the pushing upper ring, and the battery positioning, one side of contact plate is equipped with articulated piece, one side of articulated piece is equipped with positioning spring.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the bottom of the surrounding supporting column is fixedly connected to the outer supporting rings at two ends of the surrounding arc groove, one end of the surrounding spring baffle close to the middle sliding block is fixedly connected with an inserting arc column, two ends of the middle sliding block are fixedly connected with connecting arc columns, and one ends of the inserting arc columns are inserted into the connecting arc columns.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the pressing plate is arranged on the upper side of the protection tube, a column insertion hole matched with the insertion sliding column is formed in the middle sliding block, one end of the insertion sliding column penetrates through the column insertion hole, surrounds the arc groove and extends out, a bottom retaining ring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the insertion sliding column, and two sides of the pressing spring are in contact with the side wall between the bottom retaining ring and the outer retaining ring.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the pushing upper ring is sleeved outside the inner barrel, the connecting plate is arranged inside the connecting plate groove, the upper surface of the inner barrel is fixedly connected with an annular upper edge ring, and the bottom of the upper edge ring is in contact with the upper surface of the pushing upper ring.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the inner side wall of the pushing upper ring is bilaterally symmetrically provided with limiting grooves, the left side wall and the right side wall of the inner barrel pipe are fixedly connected with limiting strips matched with the limiting grooves, and the limiting strips are arranged inside the limiting grooves.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the pushing lower ring is fixedly connected with a fixed lower column corresponding to the pushing spring in an arc arrangement manner, the bottom of the outer ring is fixedly connected with a fixed upper column corresponding to the pushing spring in an annular arrangement manner, the pushing spring is sleeved on the fixed upper column and the fixed lower column, and one end of the fixed lower column is inserted into the fixed upper column.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, one side of the contact plate close to the hinge block is fixedly connected with a hinge frame, one end of the hinge block is hinged with the hinge frame, one side of the hinge block is fixedly connected with a positioning connection column, the positioning connection column is inserted in the positioning connection column, positioning spring baffles are fixedly connected to the positioning connection column and the positioning connection column, a positioning spring is arranged between the two positioning spring baffles, the upper side and the lower side of the hinge block are respectively fixedly connected with an upper support plate and a lower support plate which are in contact with the upper side and the lower side of the contact plate, and the other end of the positioning connection column is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the inner barrel.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the left and right sides fixedly connected with stopper of side slider, the lateral wall is close to the position of upside and offers the spacing spout with stopper looks adaptation about the side spout, the one end setting of side slider is in the inside of side spout, the stopper sets up the inside at the spacing spout, the bottom fixedly connected with extrusion post of side spout, the upside of extrusion spring and the bottom contact of side slider.
As a further improvement of the present invention, a bottom connection screw ring is fixedly connected to a bottom of the protection tube, an upper connection screw ring is fixedly connected to an upper side of the pressing plate, and the two screw caps are respectively screwed to the upper connection screw ring and the bottom connection screw ring.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a graphene battery damping method based on damping of a wrap-around elastic element, including any one of the graphene batteries based on damping of a wrap-around elastic element, including the following steps:
s1, connecting the threaded cap with the bottom connection spiral ring through threads, inserting one end of the graphene battery into the protection tube, enabling one end of the graphene battery to be in contact with the contact plate, continuously placing the graphene battery, enabling the contact plate to be in contact with the surface of the graphene battery, enabling the hinge frame to rotate around the position hinged with the hinge block, enabling the contact plate to be in contact with one end of the lower abutting plate, enabling one end of the positioning insertion column to slide in the positioning connection column, enabling the positioning spring to be squeezed and contracted, enabling the contact plate to be tightly attached to the graphene battery through the elastic force on the positioning spring through the hinge block, and fixing the graphene battery in the internal clamping device;
s2, when the graphene battery is attached to the contact plate, the inner barrel pipe is extruded to move downwards, the outer ring is close to the pushing lower ring, the fixed lower column is extruded and contracted, the side sliding block slides downwards in the side sliding groove, the extrusion spring is extruded and contracted, and the limiting block slides in the limiting sliding groove;
s3, after the position of the graphene battery is fixed, another threaded cap is taken up, the pressing device is pulled upwards to enable the pressing device to be higher than the height of the graphene battery, the threaded cap is in threaded connection with the upper connection spiral ring, the pressing device is pulled to enable the pressing spring to be extruded and contracted by the bottom baffle ring, the inserted sliding column slides in the surrounding arc groove, after the threaded cap and the upper connection spiral ring are connected, the pressing device is loosened, the pressing spring begins to expand to drive the pressing device to move downwards, meanwhile, the pressing spring and the pushing spring begin to expand to enable the inner clamping device to move upwards, one end of the graphene battery is in contact with the threaded cap fixed on the pressing device, and the graphene battery is convenient to be connected with other objects.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the graphene battery based on the damping of the surrounding elastic element and the damping method of the graphene battery, the surrounding damping device is arranged to buffer transverse vibration generated on the pressing device, so that when the pressing device vibrates to generate transverse movement, the surrounding spring stabilizes the position of the centering sliding block, the centering sliding block fixes the position of the pressing device, and the pressing device can be stably and fixedly placed on the graphene battery in the external protection device.
2. In the graphene battery based on the damping of the surrounding elastic element and the damping method of the graphene battery, the arranged pressing device positions the graphene battery, so that when the graphene battery vibrates in the using process, the pressing device is matched with the internal clamping device to position the graphene battery, and the graphene battery can be stably placed in an external protection device.
3. According to the graphene battery based on the damping of the surrounding elastic element and the damping method of the graphene battery, the battery positioning device is arranged to fix one end of the graphene battery, and the graphene battery is fixed in an external protection device by matching with the pressing device.
4. According to the graphene battery based on the damping of the surrounding elastic element and the damping method of the graphene battery, the arranged pressing inner barrel and the pushing frame buffer the vibration on the graphene battery, so that the graphene battery can be normally used in an external protection device, and meanwhile, the other end of the graphene battery is in contact with the threaded cap through the extrusion spring and the pushing spring, so that the graphene battery is fixed in the external protection device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the entire structure of embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is an overall sectional structural view of embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an assembled structure of an external protection device and a pressing device according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an external protection device according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of the protective casing according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a surrounding vibration damper according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the pressing device according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of an internal holding jig of embodiment 1;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of the pressing inner barrel of embodiment 1;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the pushing frame structure of embodiment 1;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a battery positioning device in embodiment 1.
The various reference numbers in the figures mean:
1. an external protection device;
11. a protective housing; 111. protecting the tube; 112. a side chute; 113. a compression spring; 114. an outer support ring; 115. encircling the arc groove; 116. the bottom is connected with a spiro ring; 117. extruding the column; 118. a limiting chute;
12. a surrounding damping device; 121. surrounding the support column; 122. a surrounding spring baffle; 123. a middle slide block; 124. inserting an arc column; 125. an arc connecting column; 126. a wrap spring; 127. the column is inserted into the hole;
2. a pressing device; 21. a pressing plate; 22. upper is connected with a spiro ring; 23. inserting a sliding column; 24. a pressing spring; 25. a bottom retainer ring;
3. an internal clamping device;
31. pressing the inner barrel; 311. an inner barrel pipe; 312. an outer ring; 313. a connecting plate slot; 314. a restriction strip; 315. fixing the upper column; 316. an upper edge ring;
32. a pushing frame; 321. pushing the upper ring; 322. a connecting plate; 323. pushing a lower ring; 324. a side slider; 325. a pushing spring; 326. fixing the lower column; 327. a limiting groove; 328. a limiting block;
33. a battery positioning device; 331. a contact plate; 332. a hinged block; 333. positioning the connecting column; 334. positioning the inserted column; 335. a positioning spring; 336. a lower support plate; 337. an upper resisting plate; 338. a hinged frame; 339. positioning a spring baffle;
4. and (4) a threaded cap.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 11, an object of the present embodiment is to provide a graphene battery based on damping of a surrounding elastic element, which includes an external protection device 1, a pressing device 2 is disposed at a position, close to an upper side, outside the external protection device 1, an internal clamping device 3 is disposed inside the external protection device 1, and screw caps 4 are disposed at upper and lower sides of the external protection device 1;
the external protection device 1 comprises a protection shell 11 and a plurality of surrounding damping devices 12 which are arranged in an annular mode and arranged outside the external protection device 1, the protection shell 11 comprises a tubular protection tube 111, side sliding grooves 112 are symmetrically formed in the position, close to the bottom, inside the protection tube 111, left and right, of the side sliding grooves 112, extrusion springs 113 are arranged inside the side sliding grooves 112, an annular outer abutting ring 114 is fixedly connected to the position, close to the middle, of the outer side wall of the protection tube 111, a plurality of surrounding arc grooves 115 corresponding to the surrounding damping devices 12 are formed in the outer abutting ring 114 in an annular mode, the surrounding damping devices 12 comprise two cylindrical surrounding supporting columns 121, a middle sliding block 123 is arranged between the two surrounding supporting columns 121, a surrounding spring baffle 122 is fixedly connected to the upper ends of the surrounding supporting columns 121, and surrounding springs 126;
the pressing device 2 comprises an annular pressing plate 21, insertion sliding columns 23 corresponding to the surrounding damping devices 12 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the pressing plate 21 in an annular arrangement mode, and pressing springs 24 are sleeved on the insertion sliding columns 23 close to the bottom;
when the external protection device 1 and the pressing device 2 in this embodiment are used, after the position of the graphene battery is fixed, another screw cap 4 is taken up, the pressing device 2 is pulled upwards, the pressing device 2 is higher than the graphene battery, the screw cap 4 is in threaded connection with the upper connection spiral ring 22, when the pressing device 2 is pulled, the pressing spring 24 is squeezed and contracted by the bottom baffle ring 25, the insertion sliding column 23 slides in the surrounding arc groove 115, after the connection between the screw cap 4 and the upper connection spiral ring 22 is completed, the pressing device 2 is loosened, the pressing spring 24 begins to expand, the pressing device 2 is driven to move downwards, meanwhile, the pressing spring 113 and the pushing spring 325 begin to expand, the internal clamping device 3 moves upwards, one end of the graphene battery is in contact with the screw cap 4 fixed on the pressing device 2, and the connection between the graphene battery and other objects is facilitated.
The inner clamping device 3 comprises a pressing inner barrel 31, a pushing frame 32 is sleeved on the outer side of the pressing inner barrel 31, a plurality of battery positioning devices 33 are annularly arranged at positions close to the bottom side inside the pressing inner barrel 31, the pressing inner barrel 31 comprises an annular inner barrel tube 311, an annular outer ring 312 is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the inner barrel tube 311, connecting plate grooves 313 are symmetrically formed in the outer ring 312 in the left-right direction, the pushing frame 32 comprises an annular pushing upper ring 321, connecting plates 322 matched with the connecting plate grooves 313 are fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of the bottom of the pushing upper ring 321, an annular pushing lower ring 323 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting plates 322, a plurality of pushing springs 325 are annularly arranged on the upper side of the pushing lower ring 323 along a track of the pushing lower ring 323, and side sliders 324 matched with the side sliding grooves 112 are fixedly connected to the left side and, the battery positioning device 33 includes a contact plate 331 having an arc shape, a hinge block 332 is provided at one side of the contact plate 331, and a positioning spring 335 is provided at one side of the hinge block 332.
When the internal clamping device 3 in this embodiment is used, one screw cap 4 is lifted to screw-connect the screw cap 4 and the bottom connection screw ring 116, the graphene battery is lifted, one end of the graphene battery is inserted into the protection tube 111, and one end of the graphene battery is in contact with the contact plate 331, the graphene battery is continuously placed into the graphene battery, at this time, the contact plate 331 is in contact with the surface of the graphene battery, the hinge frame 338 rotates around the position hinged to the hinge block 332, the contact plate 331 is in contact with one end of the lower support plate 336, one end of the positioning insertion column 334 slides inside the positioning connection column 333, the positioning spring 335 is compressed and contracted, the elastic force on the positioning spring 335 causes the contact plate 331 to tightly adhere to the graphene battery through the hinge block 332, the graphene battery is fixed in the internal clamping device 3, when the graphene battery is adhered to the contact plate 331, the inner barrel 311 is pressed to move downward, so that the outer ring 312 is close to the lower support, the fixed lower column 326 is pressed and contracted, meanwhile, the side sliding block 324 slides downwards in the side sliding groove 112, the pressing spring 113 is pressed and contracted, and the limiting block 328 slides in the limiting sliding groove 118, so that the inner clamping device 3 is matched with the pressing device 2 to fix the position of the graphene battery.
Further, the bottom of the surrounding support column 121 is fixedly connected to the outer support rings 114 at two ends of the surrounding arc groove 115, one end of the surrounding spring baffle 122 close to the middle slider 123 is fixedly connected with an arc insertion column 124, two ends of the middle slider 123 are fixedly connected with arc connection columns 125, one end of the arc insertion column 124 is inserted into the arc connection columns 125, the pressing plate 21 is arranged on the upper side of the protection tube 111, the middle slider 123 is provided with a column insertion hole 127 matched with the insertion sliding column 23, one end of the insertion sliding column 23 penetrates through the column insertion hole 127 and the surrounding arc groove 115 and extends out, the bottom of the insertion sliding column 23 is fixedly connected with a bottom stop ring 25, two sides of the pressing spring 24 are in contact with the side wall between the bottom stop ring 25 and the outer support rings 114, the pressing device 2 is fixed on the external protection device 1, when the device and the graphene battery in the device generate transverse vibration, the surrounding damping device 12 buffers the transverse force on the pressing device 2, the pressing device 2 can be stably arranged on the external protection device 1.
Specifically, the upper pushing ring 321 is sleeved outside the inner barrel 311, the connecting plate 322 is disposed inside the connecting plate slot 313, the upper surface of the inner barrel 311 is fixedly connected with an annular upper edge ring 316, the bottom of the upper edge ring 316 contacts with the upper surface of the upper pushing ring 321, the inner side wall of the upper pushing ring 321 is bilaterally symmetrically provided with a limiting slot 327, the left and right side walls of the inner barrel 311 are fixedly connected with a limiting strip 314 matched with the limiting slot 327, the limiting strip 314 is disposed inside the limiting slot 327, the lower pushing ring 323 is fixedly connected with a fixed lower column 326 corresponding to the pushing spring 325 in an arc arrangement, the bottom of the outer ring 312 is fixedly connected with a fixed upper column 315 corresponding to the pushing spring 325 in an annular arrangement, the pushing spring 325 is sleeved on the fixed upper column 315 and the fixed lower column 326, one end of the fixed lower column 326 is inserted inside the fixed upper column 315, one side of the contact plate 331 close to the hinge block 332 is fixedly connected with a, one end of the hinged block 332 is hinged with the hinged frame 338, one side of the hinged block 332 is fixedly connected with a positioning connecting column 333, the inside of the positioning connecting column 333 is inserted with a positioning inserting column 334, the positioning connecting column 333 and the positioning inserting column 334 are both fixedly connected with positioning spring baffles 339, a positioning spring 335 is arranged between the two positioning spring baffles 339, the upper side and the lower side of the hinged block 332 are respectively and fixedly connected with an upper abutting plate 337 and a lower abutting plate 336 which are contacted with the upper side and the lower side of a contact plate 331, the other end of the positioning inserting column 334 is fixedly connected on the inner side wall of the inner barrel 311, the left side and the right side of the side sliding block 324 are fixedly connected with limit blocks 328, the position of the left side wall and the right side wall of the side sliding groove 112 close to the upper side is provided with a limit sliding groove 118 which is matched with the limit blocks 328, one end of the side sliding block 324 is arranged inside, the upper side of the extrusion spring 113 contacts with the bottom of the side slider 324, the pushing frame 32 is arranged in the pressing inner barrel 31, so that the battery positioning device 33 inside the pressing inner barrel 31 pushes the graphene battery when clamping the graphene battery, the other end of the graphene battery is close to the pressing device 2, and the pressing device 2 can position the graphene battery conveniently.
In addition, the bottom of the protection tube 111 is fixedly connected with a bottom connection spiral ring 116, the upper side of the pressing plate 21 is fixedly connected with an upper connection spiral ring 22, the two screw caps 4 are respectively in threaded connection with the upper connection spiral ring 22 and the bottom connection spiral ring 116, and the graphene battery is sealed in the external protection device 1 through blocking of the graphene by the screw caps 4, so that the pressing device 2 and the internal clamping device 3 can conveniently position the graphene battery.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a graphene battery damping method based on damping of a wrap-around elastic element, including any one of the above graphene batteries based on damping of a wrap-around elastic element, including the following steps:
s1, picking up a screw cap 4 to screw-connect the screw cap 4 and the bottom connection screw ring 116, picking up the graphene battery, inserting one end of the graphene battery into the protection tube 111, and making one end of the graphene battery contact with the contact plate 331, and continuing to put the graphene battery in which the contact plate 331 contacts with the surface of the graphene battery, the hinge frame 338 rotates around the position hinged with the hinge block 332, the contact plate 331 contacts with one end of the lower support plate 336, one end of the positioning insertion column 334 slides inside the positioning connection column 333, the positioning spring 335 is compressed, the elastic force on the positioning spring 335 makes the contact plate 331 closely contact with the graphene battery through the hinge block 332, and the graphene battery is fixed in the internal holding device 3;
s2, when the graphene battery is attached to the contact plate 331, the inner barrel 311 is pressed to move downward, so that the outer ring 312 approaches the pushing lower ring 323, the fixed lower pillar 326 is pressed to contract, the side slider 324 slides downward in the side sliding groove 112, the pressing spring 113 is pressed to contract, and the limit block 328 slides in the limit sliding groove 118;
s3, after the position of the graphene battery is fixed, the other screw cap 4 is taken up, the pressing device 2 is pulled upwards, the pressing device 2 is higher than the graphene battery, the screw cap 4 is in threaded connection with the upper connection spiral ring 22, the pressing spring 24 is extruded and contracted by the bottom baffle ring 25 when the pressing device 2 is pulled, the inserted sliding column 23 slides in the surrounding arc groove 115, after the connection between the screw cap 4 and the upper connection spiral ring 22 is completed, the pressing device 2 is loosened, the pressing spring 24 begins to expand, the pressing device 2 is driven to move downwards, meanwhile, the pressing spring 113 and the pushing spring 325 begin to expand, the internal clamping device 3 moves upwards, one end of the graphene battery is in contact with the screw cap 4 fixed on the pressing device 2, and the graphene battery is convenient to be connected with other objects;
s4, in the using process of the device, when the device shakes, the lower column 326 is fixed, the extrusion spring 113 and the pressing spring 24 move in a reciprocating mode, the graphene battery can be stably fixed in the external protection device 1, meanwhile, when the pressing device 2 shakes, the inserting sliding column 23 can shake, when the inserting sliding column 23 shakes, the inserting sliding column 23 slides in the column inserting hole 127 and simultaneously drives the middle sliding block 123 to slide, the shake of the middle sliding block 123 is reduced through the elastic force of the surrounding spring 126, the shake of the inserting sliding column 23 is reduced, the shake of the pressing device 2 is reduced, the graphene battery is stably fixed in the external protection device 1, and the normal use of the graphene battery under the shake condition is guaranteed.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.