CN112882018A - Ocean and ionosphere integrated detection high-frequency radar system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Ocean and ionosphere integrated detection high-frequency radar system and control method thereof Download PDF

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CN112882018A
CN112882018A CN202110044657.8A CN202110044657A CN112882018A CN 112882018 A CN112882018 A CN 112882018A CN 202110044657 A CN202110044657 A CN 202110044657A CN 112882018 A CN112882018 A CN 112882018A
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ionosphere
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CN112882018B (en
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于长军
王霖玮
刘爱军
姚迪
马子龙
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Harbin Institute of Technology Weihai
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/006—Theoretical aspects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
    • G01S7/415—Identification of targets based on measurements of movement associated with the target
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of sea detection radars, and discloses a sea and ionosphere integrated detection high-frequency radar system and a control method thereof, wherein the sea and ionosphere integrated detection high-frequency radar system comprises: the system comprises a display control platform, a time schedule controller, a comprehensive signal generator, an ionosphere detection subsystem and an ocean information detection subsystem. The invention designs a novel ocean-ionosphere information integrated detection high-frequency radar system according to the principles of a high-frequency ground wave radar and an ionosphere verticality measuring instrument, realizes the synchronous acquisition of ocean-ionosphere information, and provides data support for scientific researches such as the physical operation rule and principle analysis of the near-earth ocean-atmosphere. Meanwhile, the invention realizes the synchronous acquisition of ionospheric sag measurement and ocean information by designing a uniform time schedule controller and mutually synchronous waveform parameters, avoids mutual interference between the ionospheric sag measurement and the ocean information acquisition, ensures that the ionospheric sag measurement and the ocean information acquisition do not interfere with each other, and can synchronously acquire the ionospheric fusion and the ocean information.

Description

Ocean and ionosphere integrated detection high-frequency radar system and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sea detection radars, and particularly relates to an ocean and ionosphere integrated detection high-frequency radar system and a control method thereof.
Background
At present, in the vastly and infinitely world of human life, the ocean and the ionosphere are two major components closely related to human survival, so scientists have been exploring and researching continuously in the two scientific fields for a long time to obtain brilliant research results. The HFSWR is widely applied to the aspects of sea over-the-horizon target detection and sea state remote sensing by virtue of the specific system advantages, and meanwhile, the research on the ionosphere detection of the HFSWR has made breakthrough progress in recent years. Therefore, people hope to further develop and research the dynamic relationship between the ocean and the ionized layer on the basis of the existing research result of HFSWR, thereby uncovering the mysteries between the ocean and the ionized layer. Meanwhile, a new theory and a new method for early warning and monitoring of sudden sea states are established through research on a dynamic relation between the ocean and the ionized layer and a response mechanism of ionospheric disturbance excited by the sudden sea states. For example, tsunami, which is a common tsunami in this century, can simultaneously excite the characteristic changes of the ocean and the ionosphere, and a certain linkage relationship exists between the two. Therefore, the combined application of characteristic information of the sea state and the ionosphere can effectively improve the time and the accuracy of early warning. However, the prior art lacks an integrated detection means for synchronously acquiring the information of the ocean and the ionosphere, so that the cognition of human beings on scientific problems between the ocean and the ionosphere is greatly limited. The existing HFSWR can not meet the requirements of synchronous acquisition of ocean and ionosphere information and offshore target-ocean-ionosphere compatible detection in the aspects of system and function, so that an integrated new system HFSWR for jointly detecting an offshore over-the-horizon target, an ocean and an ionosphere above the ocean in all-day, all-weather and real-time needs to be constructed, and the ocean and the ionosphere are taken as a mutually associated whole to synchronously acquire ocean information (ocean current, wind field and wave field) and the ionosphere (ionosphere Doppler frequency shift, F2 layer critical frequency F0F2, electron concentration, ionosphere height, etc.), constructing a more complete spatial-temporal domainA marine-ionosphere information acquisition system.
Ionosphere detection and ocean information detection both need to utilize high-frequency electromagnetic wave signals, but the two working principles are different, wherein the main difference is that the ionosphere detection needs to carry out broadband scanning, and the ocean information detection needs to carry out fixed-frequency accumulation. The existing detection equipment can only detect ionosphere or ocean information independently, and serious interference exists between two different kinds of equipment, so that the two kinds of equipment cannot work simultaneously. In order to synchronously acquire the information of the ocean and the ionosphere, a system which is synchronous with each other and has no interference must be designed to realize the acquisition.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) the existing HFSWR cannot meet the requirements of synchronous acquisition of marine and ionosphere information and offshore target-marine-ionosphere compatible detection in the aspects of structure and function.
(2) The existing detection equipment can only detect ionosphere or ocean information independently, and serious interference exists between two different kinds of equipment, so that the two kinds of equipment cannot work simultaneously.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: interference between ionosphere detection and ocean information detection can seriously interfere respective system working states, so that system performance is rapidly deteriorated, and the system cannot work normally or even is burnt. The ionosphere detection and the ocean information detection are integrated, the original ionosphere vertical measuring instrument and the original high-frequency ground wave radar which are mutually independent need to be subjected to depth integration in synchronous detection, the system complexity is high, and the problem of difficulty in solving is solved.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the method solves the problems, meets the requirement of synchronous acquisition of ocean and ionosphere information, can provide important data reference for carrying out scientific research on the ocean-ionosphere inter-layer dynamics relationship, has important significance for promoting the development of ocean science, and has strong guiding effect on prediction and prevention of extreme natural phenomena such as typhoon, tsunami, earthquake and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an integrated detection high-frequency radar system for ocean and ionosphere and a control method thereof, and particularly relates to an integrated detection high-frequency radar system capable of monitoring sea state and ionosphere information simultaneously and a control method thereof.
The invention is realized in this way, a sea and ionosphere integrated detection high-frequency radar system, which includes: the system comprises a display control platform, a time schedule controller, a comprehensive signal generator, an ionosphere detection subsystem and an ocean information detection subsystem.
The display control platform is connected with each part and each system through Ethernet, is an interface for user interaction, realizes data interaction through a general computer, and is responsible for the functions of sending control parameters of the whole system, monitoring the state of equipment and storing and displaying detection results;
the time schedule controller is connected with the display control platform through the Ethernet, receives the system parameters and the control information sent by the display control platform, and outputs the system state;
the comprehensive signal generator is realized by a DDS and a hardware circuit and is used for generating signal waveforms of a clock source, an ionosphere detection task and an ocean information detection task of each subsystem and a local oscillation signal of a receiver;
the ionosphere detection subsystem comprises a transmitter, a receiver, an antenna and a signal processing part, the working principle and the structure of the ionosphere detection subsystem are basically the same as those of the conventional ionosphere vertical measurement instrument, and only a time sequence control part and a transmitting waveform are accessed through a time sequence controller and a comprehensive signal generator;
the ocean information detection subsystem comprises a transmitter, a receiver, an antenna and a signal processing part, is realized on the basis of the existing high-frequency ground wave radar system, and only a time sequence control part and a transmitted waveform are accessed through a time sequence controller and a comprehensive signal generator.
Furthermore, the display and control platform is provided with 4 displays which are respectively used for displaying the system state and the set parameters, the ionosphere detection result display, the ocean information detection result display and the ocean-ionosphere information correlation analysis result.
Furthermore, the time sequence controller takes an ARM and an FPGA as main bodies, utilizes a GPIO interface of the FPGA to generate a plurality of paths of time sequence control signals which can be configured by software, and respectively provides synchronous time sequences for the comprehensive signal generator, the ionosphere detection subsystem and the ocean information detection subsystem;
the ARM controls the FPGA to generate and output each sequential logic circuit by configuring FPGA parameters; the time service information is obtained through the Beidou/GPS module, and the timing sequence signal can be started regularly according to the time information.
Furthermore, the comprehensive signal generator generates a standard oscillation signal through the rubidium atomic clock to serve as a clock source of the whole system, and respectively generates a plurality of paths of clock signals for the time schedule controller, the ionosphere detection subsystem and the ocean information detection subsystem to use. The FPGA is used for generating a baseband waveform of a transmitting signal used for ionosphere detection and ocean information detection, and the transmitting signal is modulated to a specified carrier frequency through the DDS. Ionosphere detection uses two-phase complementary codes as a transmitting signal, and ocean information detection uses truncated linear frequency modulation as a transmitting signal. Ionosphere detection utilizes N pulses to carry out coherent accumulation, and simultaneously, ocean information detection emission signals utilize N pulses to carry out truncation on linear frequency modulation. And generating a transmitting signal waveform and a receiver local oscillation signal for ionosphere detection and ocean information detection by utilizing the DDS. The ionosphere detection local oscillator signal changes step by step at fixed frequency intervals, is controlled by the time schedule controller, jumps once on each rising edge, and jumps 1-2 frequency points when the ionosphere detection carrier frequency is close to the ocean information detection working frequency, so that no mutual interference exists between the ionosphere detection local oscillator signal and the ocean information detection working frequency.
Furthermore, the ionosphere detection subsystem and the ocean information detection subsystem have the same basic structure, and the transmitted signals are amplified by the power amplifier, subjected to band-pass filtering to remove frequency multiplication harmonic waves and then output to the transmitting antenna to be radiated. The timing signal controls the switch of the power amplifier, and the control signal controls the working parameters of the power amplifier. And simultaneously, the states of the combined monitoring transmitter and the filter are monitored, and monitoring information is transmitted to the display control platform. Echo signals are received by the receiving antenna array, enter the acquisition module after being amplified by the band-pass filter and low noise, and are changed into digital signals, and the acquisition module is mainly a high-speed AD acquisition module. And (4) outputting the digital signals of each acquisition module to a signal processing module, wherein the signal processing result is the final output of the subsystem.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a control method of an integrated ocean and ionosphere exploration high frequency radar system using the integrated ocean and ionosphere exploration high frequency radar system, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, realizing data interaction by using a general computer through a display control platform; the time schedule controller receives the system parameters and the control information issued by the display control platform, outputs the system state, and is responsible for the control parameter issuing, equipment state monitoring and detection result storing and displaying functions of the whole system;
generating a plurality of paths of time sequence control signals capable of being configured by software by utilizing a GPIO (general purpose input/output) interface of the FPGA through a time sequence controller, and respectively providing synchronous time sequences for a comprehensive signal generator, an ionosphere detection subsystem and an ocean information detection subsystem;
step three, the ARM controls the FPGA to generate and output each sequential logic circuit by configuring FPGA parameters; acquiring time service information through a Beidou/GPS module, and starting a time sequence signal at fixed time according to the time information;
generating signal waveforms of a clock source, an ionosphere detection task, an ocean information detection task and a receiver local oscillator signal of each subsystem by using a DDS and a hardware circuit through a comprehensive signal generator;
fifthly, radiating the ionized layer detection subsystem to the air through a transmitter power amplifier and a transmitting antenna, and reflecting the ionized layer detection subsystem after the ionized layer detection subsystem touches the ionized layer to form ionized layer echo; after receiving the ionosphere echo, the receiving antenna transmits the echo signal to a receiver for filtering and amplification, demodulates the echo signal to a baseband, and enters a signal processor after AD acquisition;
radiating the ocean information detection signal into space through a transmitter power amplifier and an antenna, reflecting the ocean wave to be received by a receiving antenna, filtering and amplifying the ocean information detection signal, and demodulating the ocean information detection signal to a baseband; the baseband signal is AD sampled and then processed by a signal processor.
Further, in step five, each pulse of the ionospheric sounding signal includes a set of two complementary codes, where the two complementary codes include A, B two sets of codes, and the autocorrelation functions of the two sets of codes are added to obtain an ideal autocorrelation characteristic, that is:
Figure BDA0002896712900000051
wherein N is the sequence length. Let s (t) be sA(t)+sB(t-τ0) Wherein s isA(t) and sB(t) pulse sequences of two sets of codes, respectively A, B, tau0Is a sequence sA(t) length. The ionospheric echo signal can be expressed as:
r(t)＝s(t+τ)+n(t)＝sA(t+τ)+sB(t-τ0+τ)+n(t)；
calculating r (t) and s respectivelyA(t) and sBThe cross-correlation of (t) may result in:
Figure BDA0002896712900000052
Figure BDA0002896712900000053
R(τ)＝RA(τ)+RB(τ)；
the time delay tau of the ionospheric echo can be obtained by searching the extreme value of R (tau)i. So the ionosphere virtual height h ═ c τi/2. And respectively carrying out the processing on the echo signals with different frequencies to obtain an ionosphere echo spectrogram. According to the reflection trace in the ionosphere echo spectrum, the maximum electron concentration of each layer can be obtained, and the maximum plasma frequency corresponding to the layer is as follows:
Figure BDA0002896712900000054
further, in the sixth step, the marine information detection adopts a truncated chirp signal, and the form of the chirp signal is as follows:
s(t)＝u(t)exp(jπKt2)；
where u (T) is a truncated pulse, K ═ B/T is a chirp rate, B is a signal bandwidth, and T is a signal period. The echo signal is then:
r(t)＝s(t+τ)exp[j2πfd(t+τ)]+n(t)；
where τ is the time delay of the target, fdFor the Doppler shift of the target, n (t) is noise. The signal processor first calculates the difference frequency of the echo signal and the reference signal:
r0(t)＝r(t)exp(-jπKt2)；
FFT is carried out on the echo signal of each signal period to obtain the distance spectrum R (tau) of the echo, and then FFT is carried out on the distance spectrums of a plurality of signal periods to obtain the Doppler information RD (tau, f) of the targetd)：
Figure BDA0002896712900000061
Wherein, N is the number of sampling points in each signal period, and M is the number of signal periods participating in coherent accumulation.
In the RD spectrum, the actual positions of the first and second order spectra of the ocean waves can be distinguished near the theoretical position. According to the Bragg scattering principle, the Doppler frequency +/-f of a first-order spectrum can be calculatedBThe method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002896712900000062
wherein f iscIs the signal carrier frequency. According to the actual position sum of the first order spectrum in the RD spectrumBThe difference between them, the speed of the sea wave can be estimated. According to the Barrick empirical formula, an estimated value of the effective wave height can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002896712900000063
wherein w (η) is a weight function, k0For the transmit signal wavenumber, R is the ratio of the second order spectral energy to the first order spectral energy:
Figure BDA0002896712900000064
it is a further object of the present invention to provide a computer program product stored on a computer readable medium, comprising a computer readable program for providing a user input interface for implementing said method of controlling a marine and ionospheric integrated sounding high frequency radar system when executed on an electronic device.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to execute the control method of the integrated ocean and ionosphere exploration high-frequency radar system.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention provides a novel ocean-ionosphere information integrated detection high-frequency radar system, which is designed according to the principles of the existing high-frequency ground wave radar and ionosphere vertical measuring instrument, realizes synchronous acquisition of ocean-ionosphere information, and provides data support for scientific researches such as near-earth ocean-atmosphere physical operation rules and principle analysis. Meanwhile, the invention realizes the synchronous acquisition of ionospheric sag measurement and ocean information by designing a uniform time schedule controller and mutually synchronous waveform parameters, avoids mutual interference between the ionospheric sag measurement and the ocean information acquisition, ensures that the ionospheric sag measurement and the ocean information acquisition do not interfere with each other, and can synchronously acquire ionospheric fusion and the ocean information.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated detection high-frequency radar system for ocean and ionosphere according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic timing relationship diagram of subsystems according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of frequency variation of a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a timing controller according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a structural principle of an integrated frequency generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a detection subsystem according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart of a control method of the high-frequency radar system for integrated detection of the ocean and the ionosphere according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated ocean and ionosphere exploration high frequency radar system and a control method thereof, which will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the high-frequency radar system for integrated detection of ocean and ionosphere according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: the system comprises a display control platform, a time schedule controller, a comprehensive signal generator, an ionosphere detection subsystem and an ocean information detection subsystem.
The display control platform is connected with each part and each system through Ethernet, is an interface for user interaction, realizes data interaction through a general computer, and is responsible for the functions of sending control parameters of the whole system, monitoring the state of equipment and storing and displaying detection results;
the time schedule controller is connected with the display control platform through the Ethernet, receives the system parameters and the control information sent by the display control platform, and outputs the system state;
the comprehensive signal generator is realized by a DDS and a hardware circuit and is used for generating signal waveforms of a clock source, an ionosphere detection task and an ocean information detection task of each subsystem and a local oscillation signal of a receiver;
the ionosphere detection subsystem comprises a transmitter, a receiver, an antenna and a signal processing part, the working principle and the structure of the ionosphere detection subsystem are basically the same as those of the conventional ionosphere vertical measurement instrument, and only a time sequence control part and a transmitting waveform are accessed through a time sequence controller and a comprehensive signal generator;
the ocean information detection subsystem comprises a transmitter, a receiver, an antenna and a signal processing part, is realized on the basis of the existing high-frequency ground wave radar system, and only a time sequence control part and a transmitted waveform are accessed through a time sequence controller and a comprehensive signal generator.
As shown in fig. 7, a control method of an integrated ocean and ionosphere exploration high-frequency radar system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s101, realizing data interaction by using a general computer through a display control platform; the time schedule controller receives the system parameters and the control information issued by the display control platform, outputs the system state, and is responsible for the control parameter issuing, equipment state monitoring and detection result storing and displaying functions of the whole system;
s102, generating a plurality of paths of time sequence control signals capable of being configured by software by utilizing a GPIO (general purpose input/output) interface of the FPGA through a time sequence controller, and respectively providing synchronous time sequences for a comprehensive signal generator, an ionosphere detection subsystem and an ocean information detection subsystem;
s103, the ARM controls the FPGA to generate and output each sequential logic circuit by configuring FPGA parameters; acquiring time service information through a Beidou/GPS module, and starting a time sequence signal at fixed time according to the time information;
s104, generating signal waveforms of a clock source, an ionosphere detection task and an ocean information detection task of each subsystem and a local oscillation signal of a receiver by using a DDS and a hardware circuit through a comprehensive signal generator;
s105, radiating the ionized layer detection subsystem to the air through a transmitter power amplifier and a transmitting antenna, and reflecting the ionized layer detection subsystem after the ionized layer detection subsystem touches the ionized layer to form ionized layer echo; after receiving the ionosphere echo, the receiving antenna transmits the echo signal to a receiver for filtering and amplification, demodulates the echo signal to a baseband, and enters a signal processor after AD acquisition;
s106, the ocean information detection signal is radiated into space through a transmitter power amplifier and an antenna, is received by a receiving antenna through wave reflection, and is demodulated to a baseband after being filtered and amplified; the baseband signal is AD sampled and then processed by a signal processor.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The system structure of the invention is shown in figure 1 and comprises a time schedule controller, a comprehensive signal generator, an ionosphere detection subsystem, an ocean information detection subsystem and a display control platform. The main content of the invention is time sequence controller and comprehensive signal generator, the ionosphere detection subsystem and ocean information detection subsystem are respectively adapted based on traditional ionosphere vertical measuring instrument and high frequency ground wave radar, the display control platform is an interface for user interaction, and is a necessary component of the system.
The time sequence controller takes ARM and FPGA as main bodies, utilizes GPIO (general purpose input/output) interfaces of the FPGA to generate a plurality of channels of time sequence control signals which can be configured by software, and provides synchronous time sequences for the comprehensive signal generator, the ionosphere detection subsystem and the ocean information detection subsystem respectively. The time schedule controller is connected to the display control platform through the Ethernet and receives the control information sent by the display control platform. In order to ensure that ionosphere detection and ocean information detection are not interfered with each other, the two subsystems need to work strictly and synchronously, and the time sequence relationship between the subsystems is designed as shown in fig. 2. The widths and the repetition periods of the ionosphere detection emission pulse and the ocean information detection emission pulse need to be synchronized, and the receiving pulses need to be synchronized. When the ionospheric sounding subsystem transmitter or the marine information sounding transmitter is turned on, the ionospheric sounding subsystem receiver and the marine information sounding subsystem receiver need to be turned off to prevent high-power signals from coupling into the receiver to cause saturation of the receiver. Because the ionosphere detection signal can be reflected for many times between the ionosphere and the ground to form multi-hop, the repetition period of the ionosphere detection pulse signal must be large enough to ensure that the distance ambiguity cannot occur, and the marine information detection distance is relatively short, the pulse repetition period can be relatively reduced, and in order to ensure the synchronization between the ionosphere detection pulse signal and the marine information detection pulse signal, the designed ionosphere detection pulse repetition period must be integral multiple of the marine information detection pulse repetition period (2 times is taken as an example in the figure). The ionosphere detection of ocean exploration needs to be carried out with step frequency sweep, and local oscillation signals need to be converted when the frequency is switched every time, so the time schedule controller needs to provide triggering rising edges for the comprehensive signal generator and the receiver to control the comprehensive signal generator and the receiver to convert the local oscillation signal frequency.
The integrated signal generator is mainly realized by a DDS and a hardware circuit and is used for generating signal waveforms of a clock source, an ionosphere detection task and an ocean information detection task of each subsystem, a local oscillator signal of a receiver and the like. The comprehensive signal generator generates standard oscillation signals through a rubidium atomic clock to serve as a clock source of the whole system, and generates multiple clock signals for the time schedule controller, the ionosphere detection subsystem and the ocean information detection subsystem to use. The FPGA is used for generating a baseband waveform of a transmitting signal used for ionosphere detection and ocean information detection, and the transmitting signal is modulated to a specified carrier frequency through the DDS. Ionosphere detection uses two-phase complementary codes as a transmitting signal, and ocean information detection uses truncated linear frequency modulation as a transmitting signal. In order to realize data synchronization, ionosphere detection utilizes N pulses to carry out coherent accumulation, and simultaneously, ocean information detection emission signals utilize N pulses to carry out truncation on linear frequency modulation. And generating a transmitting signal waveform and a receiver local oscillation signal for ionosphere detection and ocean information detection by utilizing the DDS. The ionosphere detection local oscillator signal changes step by step at fixed frequency intervals, is controlled by the time schedule controller, jumps once on each rising edge, and jumps 1-2 frequency points when the ionosphere detection carrier frequency is close to the ocean information detection working frequency, so that no mutual interference exists between the ionosphere detection local oscillator signal and the ocean information detection working frequency. Both operating frequencies are shown in fig. 3.
The ionosphere detection subsystem comprises a transmitter, a receiver, an antenna, a signal processor and the like, the working principle and the structure of the ionosphere detection subsystem are basically the same as those of the conventional ionosphere vertical measuring instrument, and only a time sequence control part and a transmitting waveform are accessed through a time sequence controller and a comprehensive signal generator. The ionosphere detection radiates to the air through a transmitter power amplifier and a transmitting antenna, and is reflected back after contacting the ionosphere to form an ionosphere echo. And after receiving the ionosphere echo, the receiving antenna transmits the echo signal to a receiver for filtering and amplification, demodulates the echo signal to a baseband, and enters a signal processor after AD acquisition. Each pulse of the ionospheric sounding signal contains a set of two complementary codes, which contains A, B two sets of codes, and the autocorrelation functions of the two sets of codes are added to obtain the ideal autocorrelation characteristics, namely:
Figure BDA0002896712900000111
wherein N is the sequence length. Let s (t) be sA(t)+sB(t-τ0) Wherein s isA(t) and sB(t) pulse sequences of two sets of codes, respectively A, B, tau0Is a sequence sA(t) length. The ionospheric echo signal can be expressed as:
r(t)＝s(t+τ)+n(t)＝sA(t+τ)+sB(t-τ0+τ)+n(t)；
calculating r (t) and s respectivelyA(t) and sBThe cross-correlation of (t) may result in:
Figure BDA0002896712900000112
Figure BDA0002896712900000113
R(τ)＝RA(τ)+RB(τ)；
the time delay tau of the ionospheric echo can be obtained by searching the extreme value of R (tau)i. So the ionosphere virtual height h ═ c τi/2. And respectively carrying out the processing on the echo signals with different frequencies to obtain an ionosphere echo spectrogram. According to the reflection trace in the ionosphere echo spectrum, the maximum electron concentration of each layer can be obtained, and the maximum plasma frequency corresponding to the layer is as follows:
Figure BDA0002896712900000114
the ocean information detection subsystem is realized on the basis of the existing high-frequency ground wave radar system, and comprises a transmitter, a receiver, an antenna, a signal processing part and the like, wherein only a time sequence control part and a transmitting waveform are accessed through a time sequence controller and a comprehensive signal generator. The ocean information detection signal is radiated into space through a transmitter power amplifier and an antenna, is received by a receiving antenna after being reflected by sea waves, and is demodulated to a baseband after being filtered and amplified. The baseband signal is AD sampled and then processed by a signal processor. The ocean information detection adopts a truncated chirp signal, and the signal form is as follows:
s(t)＝u(t)exp(jπKt2)；
where u (T) is a truncated pulse, K ═ B/T is a chirp rate, B is a signal bandwidth, and T is a signal period. The echo signal is then:
r(t)＝s(t+τ)exp[j2πfd(t+τ)]+n(t)；
where τ is the time delay of the target, fdFor the Doppler shift of the target, n (t) is noise. The signal processor first calculates the difference frequency of the echo signal and the reference signal:
r0(t)＝r(t)exp(-jπKt2)；
FFT is carried out on the echo signal of each signal period to obtain the distance spectrum R (tau) of the echo, and then FFT is carried out on the distance spectrums of a plurality of signal periods to obtain the Doppler information RD (tau, f) of the targetd)：
Figure BDA0002896712900000121
Wherein, N is the number of sampling points in each signal period, and M is the number of signal periods participating in coherent accumulation.
In the RD spectrum, the actual positions of the first and second order spectra of the ocean waves can be distinguished near the theoretical position. According to the Bragg scattering principle, the Doppler frequency +/-f of a first-order spectrum can be calculatedBThe method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002896712900000122
wherein f iscIs the signal carrier frequency. According to the actual position sum of the first order spectrum in the RD spectrumBThe difference between them, the speed of the sea wave can be estimated. According to the Barrick empirical formula, an estimated value of the effective wave height can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002896712900000131
wherein w (η) is a weight function, k0For the transmit signal wavenumber, R is the ratio of the second order spectral energy to the first order spectral energy:
Figure BDA0002896712900000132
the display control platform is connected with each component and each subsystem through the Ethernet and is responsible for functions of control parameter issuing, equipment state monitoring, detection result storage and display and the like of the whole system.
The ionosphere verticality measuring instrument is combined with the high-frequency ground wave radar, so that ionosphere information and ocean information can be synchronously acquired, and compared with the prior art, the ionosphere verticality measuring instrument has the advantages that:
1. ensuring that ionospheric sag measurement and ocean information acquisition do not interfere with each other;
2. ionospheric information and ocean information can be synchronously acquired.
The key points of the invention are as follows:
the key innovation point of the invention is that the ionospheric sag measurement and the ocean information are synchronously acquired by designing a uniform time schedule controller and mutually synchronous waveform parameters, and mutual interference between the ionospheric sag measurement and the ocean information is avoided.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, the invention comprises a display control platform, a time schedule controller, a comprehensive signal generator, an ionosphere detection subsystem and an ocean information detection subsystem.
In this embodiment, the display and control platform is implemented by using a general-purpose computer, and is connected to each system through an ethernet to perform data interaction. The display control platform is provided with 4 displays which are respectively used for displaying system states and setting parameters, ionosphere detection result display, ocean information detection result display and ocean-ionosphere information correlation analysis results.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the timing controller in this embodiment, and the main control chip is an ARM, and is connected to the display control platform through an ethernet, and receives the control instruction and the system parameter, and outputs the system state. And the ARM controls the FPGA to generate and output each sequential logic circuit by configuring the FPGA parameter. In addition, the Beidou/GPS module is used for acquiring time service information, and timing sequence signals can be started regularly according to the time information.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a structural principle of the integrated frequency generator in this embodiment, and rubidium atoms generate 10MHz standard signals, and the standard signals are output to each system through the power divider as reference clocks. The system generates waveforms through ARM precalculation and transmits the waveforms to the FPGA, the FPGA stores the waveforms through the high-speed SRAM and controls the DAC to generate required waveforms and local oscillation signals according to time sequence signals through configuring parameters for the DAC.
The ionosphere detection subsystem and the marine information detection subsystem have the same basic structure, as shown in fig. 6. The transmitting signal is amplified by the power amplifier, frequency multiplication harmonic waves are removed through band-pass filtering, and then the transmitting signal is output to the transmitting antenna to be radiated. The timing signal controls the switch of the power amplifier, and the control signal controls the working parameters of the power amplifier. And simultaneously, the states of the combined monitoring transmitter and the filter are monitored, and monitoring information is transmitted to the display control platform. Echo signals are received by the receiving antenna array, enter the acquisition module after being amplified by the band-pass filter and low noise, and are changed into digital signals, and the acquisition module is mainly a high-speed AD acquisition module. And (4) outputting the digital signals of each acquisition module to a signal processing module, wherein the signal processing result is the final output of the subsystem.
In the above embodiments, the implementation may be wholly or partially realized by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When used in whole or in part, can be implemented in a computer program product that includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded or executed on a computer, cause the flow or functions according to embodiments of the invention to occur, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a network of computers, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website site, computer, server, or data center to another website site, computer, server, or data center via wire (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.)). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device, such as a server, a data center, etc., that includes one or more of the available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy Disk, hard Disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., Solid State Disk (SSD)), among others.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. An ocean and ionosphere integrated sounding high frequency radar system, comprising:
the display control platform is connected with each part and each system through Ethernet, is an interface for user interaction, realizes data interaction through a general computer, and is responsible for the functions of sending control parameters of the whole system, monitoring the state of equipment and storing and displaying detection results;
the time schedule controller is connected with the display control platform through the Ethernet, receives the system parameters and the control information sent by the display control platform, and outputs the system state;
the comprehensive signal generator is realized by a DDS and a hardware circuit and is used for generating signal waveforms of a clock source, an ionosphere detection task and an ocean information detection task of each subsystem and a local oscillation signal of a receiver;
the ionosphere detection subsystem comprises a transmitter, a receiver, an antenna and a signal processing part, the working principle and the structure of the ionosphere detection subsystem are basically the same as those of the conventional ionosphere vertical measurement instrument, and only a time sequence control part and a transmitting waveform are accessed through a time sequence controller and a comprehensive signal generator;
the ocean information detection subsystem comprises a transmitter, a receiver, an antenna and a signal processing part, is realized on the basis of the existing high-frequency ground wave radar system, and only a time sequence control part and a transmitted waveform are accessed through a time sequence controller and a comprehensive signal generator.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the display and control platform is equipped with 4 displays for displaying system status and setting parameters, ionosphere detection result display, ocean information detection result display and ocean-ionosphere information correlation analysis result.
3. The ocean and ionosphere integrated sounding high frequency radar system of claim 1, wherein the timing controller uses ARM and FPGA as main bodies, utilizes GPIO interface of FPGA to generate multi-channel software configurable timing control signals, and provides synchronous timing for the integrated signal generator, ionosphere sounding subsystem and ocean information sounding subsystem, respectively;
the ARM controls the FPGA to generate and output each sequential logic circuit by configuring FPGA parameters; the time service information is obtained through the Beidou/GPS module, and the timing sequence signal can be started regularly according to the time information.
4. The ocean and ionosphere integrated sounding high frequency radar system of claim 1, wherein the synthetic signal generator generates standard oscillation signals through rubidium atomic clock as clock source of the whole system, respectively generating multiple clock signals for the timing controller, ionosphere sounding subsystem and ocean information sounding subsystem;
generating a transmission signal baseband waveform used for ionosphere detection and ocean information detection by using the FPGA, and modulating a transmission signal to a specified carrier frequency through the DDS;
ionosphere detection uses two-phase complementary codes as a transmitting signal, and ocean information detection uses truncated linear frequency modulation as a transmitting signal;
ionosphere detection utilizes N pulses to carry out coherent accumulation, and simultaneously, ocean information detection emission signals utilize N pulses to carry out truncation on linear frequency modulation; generating a transmitting signal waveform and a receiver local oscillation signal for ionosphere detection and ocean information detection by utilizing a DDS;
the ionosphere detection local oscillator signal changes step by step at fixed frequency intervals, is controlled by the time schedule controller, jumps once on each rising edge, and jumps 1-2 frequency points when the ionosphere detection carrier frequency is close to the ocean information detection working frequency, so that no mutual interference exists between the ionosphere detection local oscillator signal and the ocean information detection working frequency.
5. The ocean and ionosphere integrated detection high-frequency radar system according to claim 1, wherein the ionosphere detection subsystem and the ocean information detection subsystem have the same basic structure, and a transmission signal is amplified by a power amplifier, subjected to band-pass filtering to remove frequency multiplication harmonic waves and then output to a transmission antenna to radiate;
the time sequence signal controls the switch of the power amplifier, and the control signal controls the working parameters of the power amplifier; simultaneously, monitoring the states of the combined monitoring transmitter and the filter, and transmitting monitoring information to a display control platform;
the echo signals are received by a receiving antenna array, and enter an acquisition module after being amplified by a band-pass filter and low noise to be converted into digital signals, wherein the acquisition module is mainly a high-speed AD acquisition module;
and (4) outputting the digital signals of each acquisition module to a signal processing module, wherein the signal processing result is the final output of the subsystem.
6. A control method of an integrated ocean and ionosphere exploration high-frequency radar system applying the integrated ocean and ionosphere exploration high-frequency radar system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the control method of the integrated ocean and ionosphere exploration high-frequency radar system comprises the following steps:
firstly, realizing data interaction by using a general computer through a display control platform; the time schedule controller receives the system parameters and the control information issued by the display control platform, outputs the system state, and is responsible for the control parameter issuing, equipment state monitoring and detection result storing and displaying functions of the whole system;
generating a plurality of paths of time sequence control signals capable of being configured by software by utilizing a GPIO (general purpose input/output) interface of the FPGA through a time sequence controller, and respectively providing synchronous time sequences for a comprehensive signal generator, an ionosphere detection subsystem and an ocean information detection subsystem;
step three, the ARM controls the FPGA to generate and output each sequential logic circuit by configuring FPGA parameters; acquiring time service information through a Beidou/GPS module, and starting a time sequence signal at fixed time according to the time information;
generating signal waveforms of a clock source, an ionosphere detection task, an ocean information detection task and a receiver local oscillator signal of each subsystem by using a DDS and a hardware circuit through a comprehensive signal generator;
fifthly, radiating the ionized layer detection subsystem to the air through a transmitter power amplifier and a transmitting antenna, and reflecting the ionized layer detection subsystem after the ionized layer detection subsystem touches the ionized layer to form ionized layer echo; after receiving the ionosphere echo, the receiving antenna transmits the echo signal to a receiver for filtering and amplification, demodulates the echo signal to a baseband, and enters a signal processor after AD acquisition;
radiating the ocean information detection signal into space through a transmitter power amplifier and an antenna, reflecting the ocean wave to be received by a receiving antenna, filtering and amplifying the ocean information detection signal, and demodulating the ocean information detection signal to a baseband; the baseband signal is AD sampled and then processed by a signal processor.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step five, each pulse of the ionosphere sounding signal contains a set of binomial complementary codes comprising A, B sets of codes, and the autocorrelation functions of the two sets of codes are added to obtain the ideal autocorrelation characteristic:
Figure FDA0002896712890000031
wherein N is the sequence length; let s (t) be sA(t)+sB(t-τ0) Wherein s isA(t) and sB(t) pulse sequences of two sets of codes, respectively A, B, tau0Is a sequence sA(t) length; the ionospheric echo signal can be expressed as:
r(t)＝s(t+τ)+n(t)＝sA(t+τ)+sB(t-τ0+τ)+n(t)；
calculating r (t) and s respectivelyA(t) and sBThe cross-correlation of (t) may result in:
Figure FDA0002896712890000041
Figure FDA0002896712890000042
R(τ)＝RA(τ)+RB(τ)；
by searching for R (tau)The time delay tau of the ionosphere echo can be obtained by extreme valueiIonospheric virtual height h ═ c τi2; respectively carrying out the processing on the echo signals with different frequencies to obtain an ionosphere echo spectrogram; according to the reflection trace in the ionosphere echo spectrum, the maximum electron concentration of each layer can be obtained, and the maximum plasma frequency corresponding to the layer is as follows:
Figure FDA0002896712890000043
8. the method for controlling an integrated ocean and ionosphere exploration high frequency radar system according to claim 6, wherein in step six, said ocean information exploration employs truncated chirp signals, said chirp signals being of the form:
s(t)＝u(t)exp(jπKt2)；
wherein u (T) is a truncation pulse, K ═ B/T is a frequency modulation slope, B is a signal bandwidth, and T is a signal period; the echo signal is then:
r(t)＝s(t+τ)exp[j2πfd(t+τ)]+n(t)；
where τ is the time delay of the target, fdDoppler shift for target, n (t) is noise; the signal processor first calculates the difference frequency of the echo signal and the reference signal:
r0(t)＝r(t)exp(-jπKt2)；
FFT is carried out on the echo signal of each signal period to obtain the distance spectrum R (tau) of the echo, and then FFT is carried out on the distance spectrums of a plurality of signal periods to obtain the Doppler information RD (tau, f) of the targetd)：
Figure FDA0002896712890000044
Wherein, N is the number of sampling points in each signal period, and M is the number of signal periods participating in coherent accumulation;
in the RD spectrum, can be at the theoretical positionDistinguishing the actual positions of the first-order spectrum and the second-order spectrum of the sea waves nearby; according to the Bragg scattering principle, the Doppler frequency +/-f of a first-order spectrum can be calculatedBThe method comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002896712890000051
wherein f iscIs the signal carrier frequency; according to the actual position sum of the first order spectrum in the RD spectrumBThe difference between the two can estimate the speed of the sea wave; according to the Barrick empirical formula, an estimated value of the effective wave height can be obtained:
Figure FDA0002896712890000052
wherein w (η) is a weight function, k0For the transmit signal wavenumber, R is the ratio of the second order spectral energy to the first order spectral energy:
Figure FDA0002896712890000053
9. a computer program product stored on a computer readable medium, comprising a computer readable program for providing a user input interface for implementing a method of controlling a marine and ionospheric integrated sounding high frequency radar system as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 8 when executed on an electronic device.
10. A computer-readable storage medium storing instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method of controlling a sea and ionosphere integrated sounding high frequency radar system according to any one of claims 6 to 8.
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