CN112877917A - Method for manufacturing double-layer efficient air filtering material - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing double-layer efficient air filtering material Download PDFInfo
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
- B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0001—Making filtering elements
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0076—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the collecting device, e.g. drum, wheel, endless belt, plate or grid
- D01D5/0084—Coating by electro-spinning, i.e. the electro-spun fibres are not removed from the collecting device but remain integral with it, e.g. coating of prostheses
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/08—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for forming hollow filaments
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/551—Resins thereof not provided for in groups D04H1/544 - D04H1/55
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/04—Filters
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- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a double-layer efficient air filtering material, which comprises the following steps: (S1) cutting the elastic polyurethane into pieces, and carrying out high-temperature melt-blowing to form melt-blown cloth consisting of PU melt-blown fibers; (S2) dissolving PU in DMF solution to obtain a spinning solution; (S3) performing electrostatic spinning on two surfaces of the melt-blown fabric by using the spinning solution, so that PU nano-fibers generated by the electrostatic spinning are attached to the melt-blown fabric to form an electrostatic spinning non-woven fabric. The PU melt-blown fiber can support a large cavity and has stable porosity, and PU nano-fiber obtained by static spinning can form small pores. The PU melt-blown/electrostatic spinning material obtained by combining the two materials has higher mechanical property and ultrahigh filtering efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of functional textiles, in particular to a manufacturing method of a double-layer efficient air filtering material.
Background
In the phase of accelerating the world industrialization, the waste gas and automobile exhaust discharged by industry cause great harm to the global air environment and pose great threat to human health. After inhaling severely polluted air, the metabolism of the human body is affected, the aging of the human body is accelerated, and various chronic diseases are brought to the respiratory system, and various cancers are induced.
As an air filter material, its filtration efficiency and filtration resistance are mainly considered. On one hand, the high filtering efficiency can intercept more particles, and the better protection effect is achieved on the human body; on the other hand, lower filtration resistance can increase the service time, does not affect respiration, and can also prevent secondary pollution.
How to realize the obstruction of tiny particles is the most important means to reduce the gaps of the fibers, but the gaps of common fiber material products are usually larger and can reach hundreds of micrometers, and the finished products can become thick and solid if the same filtering effect is achieved. Accordingly, the production of ultrafine fibers by electrospinning has received increasing attention.
A melt-blown process. The technology is that a thermoplastic high polymer (polyester, polypropylene and the like) is heated and melted to form a melt, the melt is ejected out through a fine spinneret orifice at a high speed, high-speed airflow is used for carrying out hot air drafting and hot air on fibers to carry out limit stretching on the filaments, and then cold air is used for rapidly cooling the fibers to form the fibers. Chinese patent: CN201810698720.8 discloses a method for generating a tourmaline modified non-woven air filtering material by using a melt-blowing method, which achieves the filtering effect of high efficiency and low resistance; chinese patent: CN201410235944.7 discloses an agricultural polypropylene biological non-woven fabric and a preparation method thereof. Solves the problems of expelling insects and transmitting light and reduces the cost. But this method is not suitable for materials with low thermal volatilization temperatures.
An electrospinning method. The electrostatic spinning technology is to utilize the electrostatic voltage generated by a high-voltage electrostatic device to draw a spinning solution into superfine fibers under the action of an electric field. The nano-scale fiber can be prepared due to the unique technological advantage of electrostatic spinning, and the prepared fiber has the advantages of high porosity, good air permeability, good aperture connectivity, small aperture and the like, and is very suitable for being used as an air purification composite filter material. Chinese patent: CN201611213539.0 discloses a nanofiber membrane for filtration of an infusion filter and a preparation method thereof, which can achieve the purposes of accurately controlling the pore size and meeting the filtration effects of different infusion solutions. Chinese patent: CN201610784058.9 discloses a high-efficiency low-resistance electrostatic spinning nanofiber air filtering material and a batch preparation method, which achieve the effects of stable filtering performance and realization of batch production.
Because the Polyurethane (PU) fiber polyurethane elastomer has 2 soft and hard chain segments, the polyurethane elastomer can endow the material with excellent performances such as high strength, good toughness, wear resistance, oil resistance and the like through the design of the chain segments, and the polyurethane called as wear-resistant rubber simultaneously has the high elasticity of rubber and the rigidity of plastic. And the elastic polyurethane has good viscoelasticity and can adsorb more particles.
In summary, the disadvantages of the filter materials on the market today are: typically, the filtration resistance is high and the high efficiency filter cartridge thickness is too great.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a double-layer efficient air filter material according to the defects of the prior art, wherein a melt-blowing method and an electrostatic spinning method are combined to prepare the air filter material consisting of polyurethane fibers with two different diameter ranges, so that the problems in the prior art are solved.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a manufacturing method of a double-layer high-efficiency air filtering material comprises the following steps:
(S1) cutting the elastic polyurethane into pieces, and carrying out high-temperature melt-blowing to form melt-blown cloth consisting of PU melt-blown fibers;
(S2) dissolving PU in DMF solution to obtain a spinning solution;
(S3) performing electrostatic spinning on two surfaces of the melt-blown fabric by using the spinning solution, so that PU nano-fibers generated by the electrostatic spinning are attached to the melt-blown fabric to form an electrostatic spinning non-woven fabric.
The invention is further improved in that: when the melt blowing is carried out in the step (S1), the melting temperature is 255 ℃, and the hot air pressure is 0.14-0.24 MPa.
The invention is further improved in that: in the step (S2), the DMF solution is an N, N-dimethylformamide solvent system, and the mass concentration of PU in the spinning solution is 5-10%.
The invention is further improved in that: the step (S2) includes the steps of:
(S21) sequentially carrying out slice cleaning on the PU;
(S22) vacuum-drying the PU slices for 8 hours;
(S23) placing the PU slices in DMF solvent and mechanically stirring; the stirring time was 24 h.
The invention is further improved in that: adding TiO with the mass concentration of 0.5-2% into the spinning solution in the step (S2)2。
The invention is further improved in that: in the step (S3), the electrostatic spinning voltage is 20-25kV, the solution advancing speed is 0.02mL/min, the spinning distance is 18 +/-3 cm, and the receiver rotating speed is 20-25 r/min.
The invention is further improved in that: in the step (S3), the ambient temperature of the electrospinning is 25 to 30 ℃, and the ambient humidity is 40 to 56%.
The invention has the advantages that: the PU melt-blown fiber can support a large cavity and has stable porosity, and PU nano-fiber obtained by static spinning can form small pores. The PU melt-blown/electrostatic spinning material obtained by combining the two materials has higher mechanical property and ultrahigh filtering efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of making a two-layer high efficiency air filtration material;
FIG. 2 is a schematic microscopic view of an air filter material produced by the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The features of the present invention and other related features are described in further detail below by way of example in conjunction with the following drawings to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art:
example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a double-layer high efficiency air filter material,
(S1) cutting elastic Polyurethane (PU) into pieces, and carrying out high-temperature melt-blowing to form melt-blown fabric consisting of PU melt-blown fibers.
In the step, the elastic Polyurethane (PU) slices are firstly cleaned and then dried for 8 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 80 ℃, the melting temperature is 255 ℃, and the hot air pressure is 0.2 MPa.
(S2) dissolving PU in DMF solution to obtain spinning solution.
The DMF solution in this step is an N, N-dimethylformamide solvent system. The mass concentration of PU in the spinning solution was 9%. Specifically, in the step, PU (polyurethane) is sliced and cleaned in sequence; then, drying the PU slices for 8 hours in vacuum; after drying, putting the PU slices into a DMF solvent, and mechanically stirring; stirring for 24 h; after stirring, carrying out ultrasonic defoaming treatment on the spinning solution; the time for ultrasonic defoaming is 3 h.
In some embodiments, TiO is added to the spinning solution in a mass concentration of 0.5 to 2% during the stirring of the spinning solution2. In this way, the finally prepared filter material has an antibacterial effect.
(S3) performing electrostatic spinning on two surfaces of the melt-blown fabric by using the spinning solution, so that PU nano-fibers generated by the electrostatic spinning are attached to the melt-blown fabric to form an electrostatic spinning non-woven fabric. The electrostatic spinning non-woven fabric is a final finished product of the method.
In the step, the voltage of electrostatic spinning is 22kV, the solution advancing speed is 0.02mL/min, the spinning distance is 20cm, and the rotating speed of a receiver is 25 r/min. The ambient temperature of the electrospinning was 28 ℃ and the ambient humidity was 55%.
After the steps (S1) to (S3), the structure of the finally obtained air filter material is shown in fig. 2, which includes the PU meltblown fibers produced in the step (S1) and the PU nanofibers produced in the step (S3).
The PU melt-blown fiber has larger diameter and certain gap, can be used as the framework of the air filter material, so that the air filter material has larger cavity, stable porosity and larger dust holding capacity, and ensures the mechanical property of the air filter material.
The PU nano fibers have smaller diameters and are inserted into gaps among the PU melt-blown fibers, so that the filtering performance of the air filtering material is ensured. The PU nanofiber and the PU melt-blown fiber can be combined homogeneously, so that the connection capacity is good, and the mechanical performance of the air filter material is further enhanced. The homogeneous binary structure can ensure the filtering efficiency, simultaneously ensure that the PU nano-fiber is not too dense, and simultaneously ensure that the air filtering material has lower filtering resistance.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a double-layer high efficiency air filter material,
(S1) cutting elastic Polyurethane (PU) into pieces, and carrying out high-temperature melt-blowing to form melt-blown fabric consisting of PU melt-blown fibers.
In the step, the elastic Polyurethane (PU) slices are firstly cleaned and then dried for 8 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 80 ℃, the melting temperature is 255 ℃, and the hot air pressure is 0.2 MPa.
(S2) dissolving PU in DMF solution to obtain spinning solution.
The DMF solution in this step is an N, N-dimethylformamide solvent system. The mass concentration of PU in the spinning solution was 5%. Specifically, in the step, PU (polyurethane) is sliced and cleaned in sequence; then, drying the PU slices for 8 hours in vacuum; after drying, putting the PU slices into a DMF solvent, and mechanically stirring; stirring for 24 h; after stirring, carrying out ultrasonic defoaming treatment on the spinning solution; the time for ultrasonic defoaming is 3 h.
In some embodiments, the spinning solution isAdding TiO with mass concentration of 0.5-2% into the spinning solution during stirring2. In this way, the finally prepared filter material has an antibacterial effect.
(S3) performing electrostatic spinning on two surfaces of the melt-blown fabric by using the spinning solution, so that PU nano-fibers generated by the electrostatic spinning are attached to the melt-blown fabric to form an electrostatic spinning non-woven fabric.
In the step, the voltage of electrostatic spinning is 22kV, the solution advancing speed is 0.02mL/min, the spinning distance is 20cm, and the rotating speed of a receiver is 25 r/min. The ambient temperature of the electrospinning was 28 ℃ and the ambient humidity was 55%.
After the steps (S1) to (S3), the structure of the air filter material is shown in fig. 2, which includes the PU melt-blown fiber produced in the step (S1) and the PU nanofiber produced in the step (S3), and the homogeneous binary structure can ensure the filtering efficiency, and at the same time, the PU nanofiber is not too dense, so that the air filter material has a low filtration resistance.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a double-layer high efficiency air filter material,
(S1) cutting elastic Polyurethane (PU) into pieces, and carrying out high-temperature melt-blowing to form melt-blown fabric consisting of PU melt-blown fibers.
In the step, the elastic Polyurethane (PU) slices are firstly cleaned and then dried for 8 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 80 ℃, the melting temperature is 255 ℃, and the hot air pressure is 0.2 MPa.
(S2) dissolving PU in DMF solution to obtain spinning solution.
The DMF solution in this step is an N, N-dimethylformamide solvent system. The mass concentration of PU in the spinning solution was 9%. Specifically, in the step, PU (polyurethane) is sliced and cleaned in sequence; then, drying the PU slices for 8 hours in vacuum; after drying, putting the PU slices into a DMF solvent, and mechanically stirring; stirring for 24 h; after stirring, carrying out ultrasonic defoaming treatment on the spinning solution; the time for ultrasonic defoaming is 3 h.
(S3) performing electrostatic spinning on two surfaces of the melt-blown fabric by using the spinning solution, so that PU nano-fibers generated by the electrostatic spinning are attached to the melt-blown fabric to form an electrostatic spinning non-woven fabric.
In the step, the voltage of electrostatic spinning is 25kV, the solution advancing speed is 0.02mL/min, the spinning distance is 20cm, and the rotating speed of a receiver is 25 r/min. The ambient temperature of the electrospinning was 28 ℃ and the ambient humidity was 55%.
After the steps (S1) to (S3), the structure of the air filter material is shown in fig. 2, which includes the PU melt-blown fiber produced in the step (S1) and the PU nanofiber produced in the step (S3), and the homogeneous binary structure can ensure the filtering efficiency, and at the same time, the PU nanofiber is not too dense, so that the air filter material has a low filtration resistance.
Comparative example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the present comparative example provides a method for manufacturing a double-layered high efficiency air filter material,
(S1) cutting elastic Polyurethane (PU) into pieces, and carrying out high-temperature melt-blowing to form melt-blown fabric consisting of PU melt-blown fibers.
In the step, the elastic Polyurethane (PU) slices are firstly cleaned and then dried for 8 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 80 ℃, the melting temperature is 255 ℃, and the hot air pressure is 0.2 MPa.
(S2) dissolving PU in DMF solution to obtain spinning solution.
The DMF solution in this step is an N, N-dimethylformamide solvent system. The mass concentration of PU in the spinning solution was 3%. Specifically, in the step, PU (polyurethane) is sliced and cleaned in sequence; then, drying the PU slices for 8 hours in vacuum; after drying, putting the PU slices into a DMF solvent, and mechanically stirring; stirring for 24 h; after stirring, carrying out ultrasonic defoaming treatment on the spinning solution; the time for ultrasonic defoaming is 3 h.
(S3) performing electrostatic spinning on two surfaces of the melt-blown fabric by using the spinning solution, so that PU nano-fibers generated by the electrostatic spinning are attached to the melt-blown fabric to form an electrostatic spinning non-woven fabric.
In the step, the voltage of electrostatic spinning is 22kV, the solution advancing speed is 0.02mL/min, the spinning distance is 20cm, and the rotating speed of a receiver is 25 r/min. The ambient temperature of the electrospinning was 28 ℃ and the ambient humidity was 45%.
After the steps (S1) to (S3), the finally obtained air filter material has low continuity after electrostatic spinning of the fibers due to too low PU concentration in the spinning solution, and thus electrostatic spraying may occur. And do not form an effective bond with spunbond nonwovens. The filtration effect is improved a little.
Comparative example 2:
as shown in fig. 1, the present comparative example provides a method for manufacturing a double-layered high efficiency air filter material,
(S1) cutting elastic Polyurethane (PU) into pieces, and carrying out high-temperature melt-blowing to form melt-blown fabric consisting of PU melt-blown fibers.
In the step, the elastic Polyurethane (PU) slices are firstly cleaned and then dried for 8 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 80 ℃, the melting temperature is 255 ℃, and the hot air pressure is 0.2 MPa.
(S2) dissolving PU in DMF solution to obtain spinning solution.
The DMF solution in this step is an N, N-dimethylformamide solvent system. The mass concentration of PU in the spinning solution is 15%. Specifically, in the step, PU (polyurethane) is sliced and cleaned in sequence; then, drying the PU slices for 8 hours in vacuum; after drying, putting the PU slices into a DMF solvent, and mechanically stirring; stirring for 24 h; after stirring, carrying out ultrasonic defoaming treatment on the spinning solution; the time for ultrasonic defoaming is 3 h.
(S3) performing electrostatic spinning on two surfaces of the melt-blown fabric by using the spinning solution, so that PU nano-fibers generated by the electrostatic spinning are attached to the melt-blown fabric to form an electrostatic spinning non-woven fabric.
In the step, the voltage of electrostatic spinning is 22kV, the solution advancing speed is 0.02mL/min, the spinning distance is 20cm, and the rotating speed of a receiver is 25 r/min. The ambient temperature of the electrospinning was 28 ℃ and the ambient humidity was 55%.
After the steps (S1) to (S3), the finally obtained air filter material is not easy to form an effective taylor cone because the concentration of PU in the spinning solution is too high and the fibers are easy to solidify at the spinneret, and the PU fibers are not completely volatilized under the stretching action of the electrostatic field, so that the formed fibers have large diameters and are beaded, which is not beneficial to the filtering effect.
Comparative example 3:
as shown in fig. 1, the present comparative example provides a method for manufacturing a double-layered high efficiency air filter material,
(S1) cutting elastic Polyurethane (PU) into pieces, and carrying out high-temperature melt-blowing to form melt-blown fabric consisting of PU melt-blown fibers.
In the step, the elastic Polyurethane (PU) slices are firstly cleaned and then dried for 8 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 80 ℃, the melting temperature is 255 ℃, and the hot air pressure is 0.2 MPa.
(S2) dissolving PU in DMF solution to obtain spinning solution.
The DMF solution in this step is an N, N-dimethylformamide solvent system. The mass concentration of PU in the spinning solution was 9%. Specifically, in the step, PU (polyurethane) is sliced and cleaned in sequence; then, drying the PU slices for 8 hours in vacuum; after drying, putting the PU slices into a DMF solvent, and mechanically stirring; stirring for 24 h; after stirring, carrying out ultrasonic defoaming treatment on the spinning solution; the time for ultrasonic defoaming is 3 h.
(S3) performing electrostatic spinning on two surfaces of the melt-blown fabric by using the spinning solution, so that PU nano-fibers generated by the electrostatic spinning are attached to the melt-blown fabric to form an electrostatic spinning non-woven fabric.
In the step, the voltage of electrostatic spinning is 15kV, the solution advancing speed is 0.02mL/min, the spinning distance is 20cm, and the rotating speed of a receiver is 25 r/min. The ambient temperature of the electrospinning was 28 ℃ and the ambient humidity was 45%.
After the steps (S1) to (S3), the finally obtained air filter material has a small charge density on the PU fiber surface and a small electrostatic repulsive force between fibers because the voltage is too low during electrospinning, and therefore, the fibers are easily bonded together, and the effect of trapping fine particles is deteriorated.
Experiment 1:
in this experiment, in this test, the mechanical properties of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were measured, respectively. The test results are shown in Table-1:
TABLE-1
| Name (R) | Tensile stress (MPa) |
| Example 1 | 2.11 |
| Example 2 | 1.83 |
| Example 3 | 1.92 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.12 |
| Comparative example 2 | 3.78 |
| Comparative example 3 | 1.38 |
The fibers of examples 1 to 3 had good fineness uniformity, were smooth, and had a high bonding force with the meltblown nonwoven fabric, and therefore had a good tensile stress. For comparative example 1, the PU concentration was too low, electrostatic spray was formed during spinning, and there was substantially no strong force. For comparative example 2, the PU concentration was too large and the diameter of the fiber was also large, so that the strength was greatly improved as compared with that of the example. In comparative example 3, the voltage was too small, the charge density on the PU fiber surface was small, and the electrostatic repulsion between fibers was small, so that the fibers were easily stuck together to form an irregular structure, and the strength of the fibers was reduced.
Experiment 2:
in this test, the filtration efficiency and the filtration resistance of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were measured, respectively. The test results are shown in tables-2 and-3.
As can be seen from table 2 and table 3, the filtration efficiency was the highest and the filtration resistance was the lowest in example 1 under the same conditions. Which is the preferred embodiment. Examples 2 and 3 both reached 100% pm2.5 (or the unfiltered particles were below the lower limit of the test equipment detection) and the filter resistance was also within the standards required by YY0469-2004 medical surgical mask technology. While comparative examples 1 to 3, in which the filtration efficiency or/and filtration resistance was not satisfactory, were due to the fact that the dope of comparative example 1 had a low concentration and was liable to form electrostatic spray, and the electrospun fibers could not form effective bonds with the melt-blown nonwoven fabric, and thus the filtration effect was poor, and comparative examples 2 and 3 were due to the fact that the polyurethane product had irregular shapes due to the concentration higher or lower than a certain critical value, and the solution jet was liable to stick together under the stretching action of the electric field.
TABLE-2 comparison of filtration efficiency
TABLE-3 comparison of filtration resistances
The data of experiment 2 and the parameters of each example and the proportion show that the proportion of the spinning solution plays a decisive role in the filtering effect and the over resistance of the final product. Both reached optimum values around the parameters of example 1.
The above embodiments of the present invention do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A manufacturing method of a double-layer high-efficiency air filtering material comprises the following steps:
(S1) cutting the elastic polyurethane into pieces, and carrying out high-temperature melt-blowing to form melt-blown cloth consisting of PU melt-blown fibers;
(S2) dissolving PU in DMF solution to obtain a spinning solution;
(S3) performing electrostatic spinning on two surfaces of the melt-blown fabric by using the spinning solution, so that PU nano-fibers generated by the electrostatic spinning are attached to the melt-blown fabric to form an electrostatic spinning non-woven fabric.
2. The manufacturing method of the double-layer high-efficiency air filtering material according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the melt blowing is carried out in the step (S1), the melting temperature is 255 ℃, and the hot air pressure is 0.14-0.24 MPa.
3. The manufacturing method of the double-layer high-efficiency air filtering material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (S2), the DMF solution is an N, N-dimethylformamide solvent system, and the mass concentration of PU in the spinning solution is 5-10%.
4. The method for manufacturing a double-layer high efficiency air filter material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (S2) comprises the steps of:
(S21) sequentially carrying out slice cleaning on the PU;
(S22) vacuum-drying the PU slices for 8 hours;
(S23) placing the PU slices in DMF solvent and mechanically stirring; the stirring time was 24 h.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein TiO 0.5-2 wt% is added to the spinning solution in step (S2)2。
6. The manufacturing method of the double-layer high-efficiency air filtering material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (S3), the electrostatic spinning voltage is 20-25kV, the solution advancing speed is 0.02mL/min, the spinning distance is 18 +/-3 cm, and the receiver rotating speed is 20-25 r/min.
7. The manufacturing method of the double-layer high-efficiency air filtering material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (S3), the ambient temperature of the electrospinning is 25 to 30 ℃, and the ambient humidity is 40 to 56%.
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| CN114150436A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-03-08 | 美埃(中国)环境科技股份有限公司 | Nano fiber composite electret material and preparation method thereof |
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