CN112872577A - Friction stir welding method for hollow structure - Google Patents
Friction stir welding method for hollow structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN112872577A CN112872577A CN202110184583.8A CN202110184583A CN112872577A CN 112872577 A CN112872577 A CN 112872577A CN 202110184583 A CN202110184583 A CN 202110184583A CN 112872577 A CN112872577 A CN 112872577A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/128—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding making use of additional material
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of friction stir welding, in particular to a friction stir welding method for a hollow structure. The welding method comprises the steps of filling filler in a part to be welded of a hollow structure, then sealing a through hole for welding, opening the through hole after welding is finished, and discharging the filler filled in the hollow structure from the through hole to finish welding operation. The welding method fills the filler in the hollow structure, and ensures that the hollow structure has enough support in the welding process, so that the welding of a relative sealing structure can be realized by adopting a conventional friction stir welding method, a complex stirring head assembling process is not needed, and the precision requirement can be easily met in the welding process. And when hollow structure welding, will carry the hole that filler got into inside to seal, prevent that welding process material is excessive for inside supports inadequately, produces easily and collapses the defect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of friction stir welding, in particular to a friction stir welding method for a hollow structure.
Background
The friction stir welding is used as a solid phase connection technology, materials are not melted in the welding process, and the friction stir welding is suitable for welding of light alloys. Compared with the conventional fusion welding, the welding heat input is small, the crack defect caused by material solidification can not occur in the welding process, and meanwhile, the small welding heat input can not generate a large heat affected zone. In addition, in the friction stir welding, the friction stir head has a friction stir effect on materials, so that the materials in the welding line are more uniform, and the grain size is more refined.
However, the friction stir welding technique itself has certain inherent problems, such as the need for back support in welding, and thus, the friction stir welding technique is difficult in welding of hollow structures. In order to solve the problem of back support, welding is currently achieved by changing the shape of the welding tool. The double-shaft-shoulder stirring and wiping welding technology can realize back unsupported welding, certain support is generated on the back of a welding seam through a lower shaft shoulder, and the double shaft shoulder is difficult to install when a circumferential weld or a relatively closed barrel structure is welded because the lower shaft shoulder needs a complex structure to be installed. In addition, when the annular part is welded, a hole needs to be prefabricated to allow the stirring head to penetrate through the hole, and the welding time and the complexity of the process are greatly increased along with the clamping of the lower shaft shoulder. Adopt the mode of back self-supporting to weld, because the distance between rotatory little shaft shoulder of bottom and the rotatory shaft shoulder of upper portion is fixed unchangeable, when welding parts takes place to warp or part machining size has the error, can produce great overlap defect when adopting displacement control to weld, inside the lower part puddler can get into the part even, produced great attenuate volume.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the hollow structure friction stir welding technology in the prior art, increase the application range of the solid phase friction stir welding technology, and solve the problem that the relatively closed hollow part is not supported inside, thereby providing a hollow structure friction stir welding method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a friction stir welding method for a hollow structure, which comprises the following steps:
fixing a part to be welded with a hollow structure, and positioning a butt joint surface or a lap joint surface of the part to be welded; wherein, the part to be welded is provided with at least one through hole for communicating the hollow structure with the outside;
filling filler into the hollow structure, and sealing the through hole;
according to the thickness of the part to be welded, selecting a proper stirring head and proper welding parameters for welding;
and opening the through hole, and discharging the filler filled in the hollow structure from the through hole.
In the friction stir welding method for the hollow structure, the filler is granular; in order to prevent flash on the back of the weld bead, the particulate filler size is preferably less than 0.1 mm.
In the friction stir welding method for the hollow structure, the part to be welded has a first rigidity coefficient, and the granular filler has a second rigidity coefficient; the second rigidity coefficient is larger than the first rigidity coefficient, the particle rigidity coefficient is larger, larger deformation cannot occur under the extrusion action of welding force, and sufficient support is guaranteed to be arranged in the hollow structure in the welding process. Preferably, the material of the particulate filler may be titanium alloy, steel, cast iron, glass, ceramic, or the like.
In the friction stir welding method for the hollow structure, one or more through holes are processed on the part to be welded; in order to facilitate the particles to fill the hollow structure completely, the through-hole is preferably located in the upper part of the part to be welded. Preferably, the positions of the through holes are avoided from the positions of the welding seams so as to improve the uniformity of welding seam structures.
In the friction stir welding method for a hollow structure, the filler completely fills the hollow structure under the action of gravity and/or externally applied extrusion force.
In the friction stir welding method for the hollow structure, in the process of positioning the butt joint surface or the lap joint surface of the part to be welded, the gap between the butt joint surface or the lap joint surface is ensured to be less than 0.1 mm.
In the friction stir welding method for the hollow structure, the relative movement of the stirring head and the part to be welded is controlled during welding; optionally, when the revolving body structure is welded, the stirring head does not move and only rotates to rotate the part to be welded, so that the welding is realized; when welding rectangular pipe parts, the parts to be welded are fixed, and the stirring head is rotated and moved to realize welding; when complex parts such as irregular shapes or composite structures are welded, the stirring head or the parts are controlled to move or rotate at the same time, and the welding with complex tracks is realized.
In the friction stir welding method for the hollow structure, the keyhole on the surface of the hollow structure is repaired after the welding is finished. After welding is finished, the stirring head is pulled out, and after the stirring head leaves a workpiece, a keyhole defect can be formed behind the joint; preferably, the key hole on the surface of the hollow structure is repaired by replacing the conventional stirring head with a backfill function, and the key hole is continuously repaired by adopting a filling method.
In the friction stir welding method for the hollow structure, the filler filled in the hollow structure is sucked out of the through hole by adopting negative pressure. Preferably, a vacuum cleaner may be used to suck out particles from the interior of the hollow structure.
In the friction stir welding method for the hollow structure, after the filler filled in the hollow structure is discharged from the through hole, the method further comprises the steps of cleaning and drying, wherein firstly, the interior of the hollow structure is cleaned by adopting a cleaning agent, and is dried by adopting high-pressure gas.
The invention provides a method for filling the interior of a hollow structure by aiming at the friction stir welding technology of the hollow structure, which fills the interior of the hollow structure by adopting a conventional friction stir welding process, thereby greatly reducing the welding time. The conventional process is adopted in welding, and the problems of prefabricated holes, assembly of double-shaft-shoulder stirring heads and large reduction amount of the back of the plate are not needed.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the friction stir welding method for the hollow structure provided by the invention has the advantages that the through hole is closed after the part to be welded of the hollow structure is filled with the filler, the through hole is opened after the welding is finished, and the filler filled in the hollow structure is discharged from the through hole, so that the welding operation is finished. The welding method fills the filler in the hollow structure, and ensures that the hollow structure has enough support in the welding process, so that the welding of a relative sealing structure can be realized by adopting a conventional friction stir welding method, a complex stirring head assembling process is not needed, and the precision requirement can be easily met in the welding process. And when hollow structure welding, will carry the hole that filler got into inside to seal, prevent that welding process material is excessive for inside supports inadequately, produces easily and collapses the defect.
2. The method for filling and re-welding the inner part has a certain control function on welding deformation, the inner constraint is enhanced after filling, and the integral deformation of the structure is more coordinated under the constraint of the inner filler, so that the control on the welding deformation is realized, and the structural appearance accuracy is ensured.
3. According to the friction stir welding method for the hollow structure, the filler filling the hollow structure is a granular object with a small particle size, so that a large gap cannot be generated in the hollow structure. The rigidity coefficient of the particles is large, large deformation cannot occur under the extrusion action of welding force, and sufficient support is further guaranteed in the hollow structure in the welding process.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a friction stir welding method for a hollow structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a part to be welded having a hollow structure provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a hollow structural part provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a base of the part to be welded; 2. welding seams; 3. and a through hole.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
In order to increase the application range of the solid-phase friction stir welding technology and solve the problem of no support inside a relatively closed hollow part, as shown in fig. 1-2, the embodiment provides a friction stir welding method for a hollow structure, which includes the following steps:
according to the specific appearance of the part to be welded, a proper tool clamp is selected to fix the part on a tool, so that the inosculation of the surface to be welded is ensured, and the gap between the butt joint surface or the lap joint surface is ensured to be less than 0.1 mm; specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the to-be-welded part has two sections of cylindrical to-be-welded part matrixes 1, the circular top surfaces of the to-be-welded part matrixes 1 are sealing structures, and when the to-be-welded part matrixes 1 are fixed, a tool clamp can clamp the two sections of to-be-welded part matrixes 1 from the two top surfaces so as to ensure the inosculation of the to-be-welded surfaces;
punching a base body 1 of a part to be welded to prepare a through hole 3, wherein the through hole is communicated with the hollow structure and the outside and is suitable for the subsequent passing of granular fillers; as shown in fig. 2, there is one through hole 3, but the invention is not limited to the embodiment of the present invention, and the number of the through holes 3 may be two or more, and the manner and number of the through holes may be determined according to the specific hollow structure and the welding requirement, wherein, other through hole structures may be used as process holes in a complex structure, thereby reducing the process of drilling; a plurality of filling holes can be selected to increase the production efficiency;
fine particles are conveyed into the hollow structure through the fabrication holes before welding, and after the particles are completely filled, the fabrication holes are closed, so that the particles in the hollow structure are prevented from overflowing during welding, and the hollow structure is prevented from being insufficient in rigidity; preferably, in order to ensure the welding quality and avoid larger gaps among particles, so that the back of the stirring head is not supported sufficiently and welding beading is generated at the back of a welding line, the particle size is selected to be less than 1 mm;
according to the thickness of the plate of the part to be welded, namely the thickness of the base body 1 of the part to be welded, a proper stirring head and proper welding parameters are selected for welding, and the selection of the existing stirring head and welding parameters can refer to the selection mode known in the prior welding technology; when welding, the stirring head is positioned at the same position to rotate, and the tool clamp drives the welding part base body 1 to rotate, so that the circumferential weld joint is welded, and a circumferential weld joint 2 is formed;
after welding is finished, pulling out the stirring head; after the stirring head leaves the workpiece, a keyhole defect can be formed behind the joint; then repairing the keyhole on the surface of the hollow structure;
after the keyhole is filled, the tool clamp is disassembled, the part is taken down, the through hole is opened, and the filling material in the hollow structure is discharged.
In the method for filling and re-welding the inner part, the welding of the relative sealing structure is realized by adopting a conventional friction stir welding method, a complex stirring head assembling process is not needed, and the precision requirement can be easily met in the welding process; and the welding deformation control device has a certain control effect on the welding deformation, internal constraint reinforcement is equivalent to after filling, and under the constraint of internal fillers, the whole deformation of the structure is more coordinated, so that the welding deformation control is realized, and the structural appearance accuracy is ensured.
In the friction stir welding method for the hollow structure provided by this embodiment, the through hole is sealed for welding after the filler is filled in the part to be welded of the hollow structure, and the through hole is opened after welding is completed, so that the filler filled in the hollow structure is discharged from the through hole, thereby completing the welding operation. The welding method fills the filler in the hollow structure, and ensures that the hollow structure has enough support in the welding process, so that the welding of a relative sealing structure can be realized by adopting a conventional friction stir welding method, a complex stirring head assembling process is not needed, and the precision requirement can be easily met in the welding process. And when hollow structure welding, will carry the hole that filler got into inside to seal, prevent that welding process material is excessive for inside supports inadequately, produces easily and collapses the defect.
Preferably, in the friction stir welding method for a hollow structure, the through hole 3 is located at an upper portion of the part when the part is fixed to the tool, so as to facilitate complete filling of the hollow structure with particles.
According to the friction stir welding method for the hollow structure, the filler filling the hollow structure is a granular object with a small particle size, and a large gap cannot be generated in the hollow structure. The rigidity coefficient of the particles is large, large deformation cannot occur under the extrusion action of welding force, and sufficient support is further guaranteed in the hollow structure in the welding process.
As a preferable embodiment, in the above hollow structure friction stir welding method, the part to be welded has a first rigidity coefficient, and the particulate filler has a second rigidity coefficient; the second rigidity coefficient is larger than the first rigidity coefficient, the particle rigidity coefficient is larger, larger deformation cannot occur under the extrusion action of welding force, and sufficient support is guaranteed to be arranged in the hollow structure in the welding process. Preferably, the material of the particulate filler may be titanium alloy, steel, cast iron, glass, ceramic, or the like.
In the friction stir welding method for a hollow structure, the position of the through hole is preferably kept away from the position of the weld joint to improve the uniformity of the weld joint structure.
In the friction stir welding method for a hollow structure, the filler completely fills the hollow structure under the action of gravity and/or externally applied extrusion force.
Optionally, in the friction stir welding method for the hollow structure, after the welding is completed, when the keyhole on the surface of the hollow structure is repaired, the conventional stirring head is replaced by the stirring head with the backfill function, and the keyhole is continuously repaired by adopting a filling method.
Keyhole existing after welding of the hollow structure is difficult to repair, a melting welding method without support can be adopted, however, the width of a heat affected zone is increased due to high welding heat input, and the performance of the joint is seriously reduced. The repair of the hollow structure is difficult to realize by adopting a conventional solid-phase friction stir welding method, and the back support can be effectively realized by adopting a hollow structure filling mode in the embodiment, so that the collapse of a welding line is prevented.
Further, after the keyhole is repaired, the conveying opening is opened to ensure that the materials flow out smoothly during welding, the filler filled in the hollow structure is sucked out of the through hole by adopting negative pressure, and preferably, a dust collector can be adopted to suck out particles in the hollow structure; and after the filler filled in the hollow structure is discharged from the through hole, the method also comprises the steps of cleaning and drying, wherein firstly, the interior of the hollow structure is cleaned by adopting a cleaning agent, and the hollow structure is dried by adopting high-pressure gas.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a friction stir welding method for a hollow structure, which is different from embodiment 1 in that a part to be welded is a rectangular structure, and has a two-section rectangular frame structure of a base 1 of the part to be welded, and a through hole 3 is formed on one top surface. The welding method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
according to the specific appearance of the part to be welded, a proper tool clamp is selected to fix the part on a tool; specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the to-be-welded part has two sections of to-be-welded part matrixes 1 with rectangular structures, the rectangular top surfaces are sealing structures, and when the to-be-welded part matrixes 1 are fixed, a tool clamp can clamp the two sections of to-be-welded part matrixes 1 from the two top surfaces so as to ensure the inosculation of the to-be-welded surfaces;
punching a base body 1 of a part to be welded to prepare a through hole 3, wherein the through hole is communicated with the hollow structure and the outside and is suitable for the subsequent passing of granular fillers; as shown in fig. 3, the through hole 3 has one, but not limiting the embodiment of the present invention, the through hole 3 may be provided in two or more;
filling filler into the hollow structure, and sealing the through hole;
according to the thickness of the part to be welded, selecting a proper stirring head and proper welding parameters for welding; wherein, the part to be welded is fixed, and the stirring head is rotated and moved to realize welding; specifically, multi-surface welding can be realized through posture adjustment of the stirring head, and the stirring head is arranged on a robot to realize operation of a complex track;
repairing the keyhole on the surface of the hollow structure after welding, specifically, repairing the keyhole by adopting a filling type friction stir welding method;
and opening the through hole, and discharging the filler filled in the hollow structure from the through hole.
As an alternative embodiment, when welding complex parts such as irregular shapes or composite structures, the movement or rotation of the stirring head or the parts is controlled at the same time, and the welding of complex tracks is realized.
In the method for filling and re-welding the inner part, the welding of the relative sealing structure is realized by adopting a conventional friction stir welding method, a complex stirring head assembling process is not needed, and the precision requirement can be easily met in the welding process; and the welding deformation control device has a certain control effect on the welding deformation, internal constraint reinforcement is equivalent to after filling, and under the constraint of internal fillers, the whole deformation of the structure is more coordinated, so that the welding deformation control is realized, and the structural appearance accuracy is ensured.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A friction stir welding method for a hollow structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
fixing a part to be welded with a hollow structure, and positioning a butt joint surface or a lap joint surface of the part to be welded; wherein, the part to be welded is provided with at least one through hole for communicating the hollow structure with the outside;
filling filler into the hollow structure, and sealing the through hole;
selecting a stirring head for welding according to the thickness of the part to be welded;
and opening the through hole, and discharging the filler filled in the hollow structure from the through hole.
2. A friction stir welding method of a hollow structure according to claim 1, wherein said filler is a particulate filler; the particulate filler size is preferably less than 0.1 mm.
3. A friction stir welding method of a hollow structure according to claim 2, wherein the part to be welded has a first rigidity coefficient, and the particulate filler has a second rigidity coefficient; wherein the second stiffness coefficient is greater than the first stiffness coefficient; the material of the particulate filler is preferably titanium alloy, steel, cast iron, glass or ceramic.
4. A friction stir welding method of a hollow structure according to claim 1, further comprising machining one or more of said through holes on said parts to be welded; the through hole is preferably located at an upper portion of the part to be welded.
5. Friction stir welding method of hollow structures according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the filler completely fills the hollow structure under the action of gravity and/or externally applied pressing force.
6. A friction stir welding method of a hollow structure according to claim 1, wherein a clearance between the butt surfaces or faying surfaces is ensured to be less than 0.1mm in positioning the butt surfaces or faying surfaces of the parts to be welded.
7. A friction stir welding method of a hollow structure according to claim 6, wherein the relative movement of the stirring head and the part to be welded is controlled at the time of welding; when the revolving body structure is welded, the stirring head does not move, so that the part to be welded rotates, and the welding is realized; when welding rectangular pipe parts, the parts to be welded are fixed, so that the stirring head moves to realize welding; when the complex parts are welded, the stirring head or the parts are controlled to move or rotate at the same time, and the welding with complex tracks is realized.
8. A friction stir welding method of hollow structures according to claim 7 wherein the keyhole in the surface of the hollow structure is repaired after the welding is completed.
9. A friction stir welding method of a hollow structure according to claim 1, wherein the filler filled in the hollow structure is sucked out of the through hole by negative pressure.
10. The friction stir welding method of a hollow structure according to claim 1, wherein after the filler filled in the hollow structure is discharged from the through hole, the method further comprises the steps of cleaning and drying, wherein the interior of the hollow structure is cleaned by using a cleaning agent, and is dried by using high-pressure gas.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114043064A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-02-15 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Processing method of perforated hollow structure assembly |
| CN114406441A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-04-29 | 江西理工大学 | Friction stir welding method and device for honeycomb plate |
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| CN110883417A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-03-17 | 北京世佳博科技发展有限公司 | Friction stir welding method for radiator product without rigid support |
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