CN112869947A - Automatic positioning type active noise reduction earmuff - Google Patents
Automatic positioning type active noise reduction earmuff Download PDFInfo
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- CN112869947A CN112869947A CN202110310587.6A CN202110310587A CN112869947A CN 112869947 A CN112869947 A CN 112869947A CN 202110310587 A CN202110310587 A CN 202110310587A CN 112869947 A CN112869947 A CN 112869947A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F11/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the ears or hearing sense; Non-electric hearing aids; Methods or devices for enabling ear patients to achieve auditory perception through physiological senses other than hearing sense; Protective devices for the ears, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F11/06—Protective devices for the ears
- A61F11/14—Protective devices for the ears external, e.g. earcaps or earmuffs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1781—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
- G10K11/17821—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the input signals only
- G10K11/17823—Reference signals, e.g. ambient acoustic environment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1781—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
- G10K11/17821—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the input signals only
- G10K11/17825—Error signals
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of railway vehicles, and provides an automatic positioning type active noise reduction earmuff and a railway vehicle cockpit which actively reduces noise by adopting the mode. The invention aims to solve the problem of noise reduction of low-frequency noise in the cockpit of a railway vehicle such as a subway. The invention discloses an automatic positioning type active noise reduction earmuff, which mainly comprises an earmuff, an active noise reduction system, an earmuff automatic positioning system and a controller; the controller is used for receiving an environmental noise signal and a correction feedback signal transmitted by the active noise reduction system and controlling a loudspeaker in the system to emit a noise sound wave with the same frequency and amplitude but opposite phase; and on the other hand, the system is used for receiving binaural position signals transmitted by the automatic positioning system of the ear muffs, and adjusting the ear muffs to the optimal noise reduction position by an electric lifting mechanism and a translation mechanism in the control system, so that the noise reduction effectiveness of the active noise reduction system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of railway vehicles, and provides an automatic positioning type active noise reduction earmuff and a railway vehicle cockpit which actively reduces noise by adopting the mode.
Background
In recent years, the construction of rail vehicles such as subways and the like in China is rapidly developed, and various problems are gradually shown while the number of the rail vehicles is increased, wherein the problem of noise pollution is more prominent, particularly noise inside and outside a high-speed train. The high-speed train has high speed and high noise, and brings serious influence to the riding comfort of a driver and passengers, particularly, when the driver works in a high-noise environment for a long time, the hearing of the driver is damaged by different degrees, and more serious people influence the normal physiological functions of heart, brain, nerves and the like, thereby influencing the driving safety. In addition, noise of rail vehicles such as subways mainly comprises traction noise, wheel-rail noise, aerodynamic noise and the like, the noise frequency is mainly low and medium frequency, and the traditional passive noise reduction cannot meet the noise reduction requirement.
Based on the current situation, how to effectively reduce noise for the cab of the rail vehicle such as the subway becomes an urgent problem to be solved in the field. In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an automatic positioning type active noise reduction earmuff and a railway vehicle cab for actively reducing noise by adopting the same, wherein the automatic positioning type active noise reduction earmuff mainly comprises an earmuff (1), an active noise reduction system (2), an earmuff automatic positioning system (3) and a controller (4). The active noise reduction system (2) and the controller (4) in the ear muff automatic positioning system (3) are arranged in the fixed shell (3-2-12); the active noise reduction system (2) further comprises a reference sensor, an error sensor (2-1) and a loudspeaker (2-2), wherein the reference sensor is arranged in the cab, and the error sensor (2-1) and the loudspeaker (2-2) are symmetrically arranged in a groove at the side part of the ear muff (1) close to the position beside the ear; the automatic positioning system (3) for the earmuffs further comprises an ear position information collector (3-1), an electric lifting mechanism (3-2) and a translation mechanism (3-3), the earmuffs (1) are connected with the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) through expansion brackets (3-2-6) on two sides of the earmuffs to realize suspension, and the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) is arranged in a fixed shell (3-2-12) according to the positions of the earmuffs (1). The fixed shell (3-2-12) is positioned above the driver seat/passenger cabin seat, is arranged on the top (5) of the driver cabin/passenger cabin of the vehicle through a translation mechanism (3-3), and can do horizontal linear motion along the translation mechanism (3-3).
The ear muffs (1) are characterized in that telescopic frame clamping grooves (1-1) are formed in the left side and the right side of the ear muffs (1) and used for installing telescopic frames (3-2-6) to achieve up-and-down movement of the ear muffs (1); two grooves are formed in the positions, close to the sides of the ears, of the side wings of the earmuffs (1) and used for installing error sensors (2-1) and loudspeakers (2-2) in the active noise reduction system (2). Particularly, the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) is connected with the ear muffs (1) through the hinge balls (1-4), so that the free rotation of the ear muffs (1) is realized, the active noise reduction effect is improved, and the working convenience of a driver is ensured.
The active noise reduction system (2) is characterized in that the active noise reduction system (2) comprises a reference sensor, an error sensor (2-1), a loudspeaker (2-2) and a controller (4). The number of the reference sensors is four, and the reference sensors are respectively arranged on 1 cockpit/cabin roof, 1 cockpit/cabin floor and 1 cockpit/left side and right side (all arranged near a cockpit door and window); the error sensor (2-1) and the loudspeaker (2-2) are both arranged in a groove at the position close to the ear side of the side wing of the earmuff (1), and a protective cover (1-2) is arranged on the surface of the groove to prevent the error sensor (2-1) and the loudspeaker (2-2) from being damaged; the controller (4) is fixedly arranged in the fixed shell (3-2-12). The four reference sensors in the cockpit/passenger cabin are used for acquiring noise in the cockpit/passenger cabin in real time, the controller (4) receives noise signals acquired by the reference sensors and processes the signals, the controller (4) generates anti-phase sound waves for offsetting the noise and controls the loudspeaker (2-2) to emit the anti-phase sound waves for offsetting the noise; the error sensor (2-1) collects noise near the human ear and feeds the noise back to the controller (4) to correct the inverse sound wave signal in real time, so that noise offset is realized.
The automatic positioning system (3) for the earmuffs is characterized by comprising an ear position information collector (3-1), an electric lifting mechanism (3-2), a translation mechanism (3-3) and a controller (4).
The human ear position information collector (3-1) and the error sensor (2-1) and the loudspeaker (2-2) in the active noise reduction system (2) are mounted in a groove of the side wing of the earmuff (1) close to the position beside the ear together and used for collecting the binaural position signals of a driver in real time, and the binaural position signals are transmitted to the controller (4) in a communication mode, and the controller (4) analyzes the binaural position signals and sends out earmuff (1) position adjusting signals and controls the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) and the translation mechanism (3-3) to adjust the position of the earmuff (1) to the optimal noise reduction position.
The electric lifting mechanism (3-2) comprises a motor (3-2-1), a steel wire rope reel (3-2-2), a steel wire rope (3-2-3), a guide wheel (3-2-4), a pulley (3-2-5), an expansion bracket (3-2-6), a sliding block (3-2-7), a sliding rail (3-2-8), a sliding groove (3-2-9), a motor fixing frame (3-2-10), a winding wheel shaft bearing seat (3-2-11) and a fixed shell (3-2-12). The output shaft of the motor (3-2-1) is connected with the axle of the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2) through a coupler, and the motor (3-2-1) drives the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2) to rotate; two wire grooves are formed in the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2) and used for winding the two steel wire ropes (3-2-3). One end of the steel wire rope (3-2-3) is fixed in a wire groove of the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2), the other end of the steel wire rope (3-2-3) is connected to the sliding rail (3-2-8) in a guiding mode through the guide wheel (3-2-4), the sliding rail (3-2-8) is connected into a clamping groove (1-1) of the expansion bracket through the hinge ball (1-4), the steel wire rope (3-2-3) bears main traction force in the movement process of the earmuff (1), and the hinge ball (1-4) can achieve free rotation of the earmuff (1). In particular, the winding directions of the two side wire ropes (3-2-3) in the wire grooves of the wire rope reel (3-2-2) are opposite, so that the ear muffs (1) connected with the two wire ropes (3-2-3) can move upwards or downwards simultaneously when the wire rope reel (3-2-2) rotates towards one side. In addition, in order to ensure the stability of the ear muff (1) when the ear muff is in a standing state, a motor with a self-locking device is selected, such as a direct current permanent magnet band brake motor. The two guide wheels (3-2-4) are symmetrically arranged in the fixed shell (3-2-12), and the axle axes of the two guide wheels do not coincide with the vertical central line of the sliding chute (3-2-9).
The sliding grooves (3-2-9) are respectively positioned on two sides of the fixed shell (3-2-12), each side comprises two sections of sliding grooves (3-2-9), and the pulleys (3-2-5) are loaded from the position with the larger cross section of the sliding grooves (3-2-9) and can freely roll in the sliding grooves (3-2-9). In particular, the length of each short runner (3-2-9) should be greater than the 1/2 maximum stretch distance of one set of telescopic frames (3-2-6) in view of the sliding range of the chain ends. In addition, in order to improve the stability of the telescopic frame (3-2-6) in the movement process, two sections of chains are arranged between the sliding chutes (3-2-9) on the two sides of the fixed shell (3-2-12), one ends of the two sections of chains are fixed on the central axes of the sliding chutes (3-2-9) on the two sides, and the other ends of the two sections of chains are fixedly connected with the uppermost chain of the telescopic frame (3-2-6). The lower end of the expansion bracket (3-2-6) extends into the ear muff clamping groove (1-1) and is installed on the sliding rail (3-2-8), two pulleys (3-2-5) on two sides respectively approach or depart from the sliding groove (3-2-9) simultaneously, and the vertical position of the ear muff (1) is adjusted through the extension or contraction of the expansion bracket (3-2-6).
In the fixed shell (3-2-12), a motor (3-2-1) and a motor fixing frame (3-2-10) are sleeved by bolts, the motor fixing frame (3-2-10) is fixed on the upper wall of the fixed shell (3-2-12) by bolts, the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2) is supported on a reel shaft bearing seat (3-2-11) through a bearing, and the reel shaft bearing seat (3-2-11) is fixed on the upper wall of the fixed shell (3-2-12) by bolts; the guide wheel (3-2-4) is arranged on a wheel shaft, and the wheel shaft is fixedly welded on a wheel shaft bracket on the side wall of the fixed shell (3-2-12); the pulley (3-2-5) is connected with the upper end of the expansion bracket (3-2-6) and can freely roll in the chute (3-2-9), so that the expansion and contraction of the expansion bracket (3-2-6) are realized, and the function of bearing the gravity of the expansion bracket (3-2-6) and part of the earmuffs (1) is achieved to a certain extent; in addition, the steel wire ropes (3-2-3) and the expansion brackets (3-2-6) are matched with each other, so that the earmuffs (1) are stably suspended and lifted.
The translation mechanism (3-3) comprises a driving track (3-3-1) and two driven tracks (3-3-2), and the driving track and the driven tracks are fixed on the top of a vehicle cockpit/passenger cabin. The driving track (3-3-1) adopts a screw-nut structure, a nut sliding block (3-3-3) is driven by a motor to move, the nut sliding block (3-3-3) is a nut of the screw-nut mechanism and is an assembly matrix of the electric lifting mechanism (3-2), and the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) is fixedly connected with the nut sliding block (3-3-3) through a fixed shell (3-2-12); the driven tracks (3-3-2) are all linear guide rail mechanisms and are not provided with driving devices. The translation mechanism (3-3) operates as follows: the driving track (3-3-1) drives the nut sliding block (3-3-3) to move through the motor, so that the fixed shell (3-2-12) is driven to do linear motion along the track, and the sliding block of the driven track (3-3-2) also does linear motion on the guide rail along with the movement of the nut sliding block (3-3-3), so that the positions of the earmuffs (1) are always symmetrical about the positions of two ears of a driver. In addition, the sliding blocks on the translation mechanism (3-3) are connected with the fixed shell (3-2-12) by bolts; and the motor on the driving track (3-3-1) also adopts a motor with a self-locking device, such as a direct-current permanent magnet motor with a brake, so that the stability of the ear muffs (1) during standing is ensured.
In addition, the invention also provides a railway vehicle cockpit, which is the railway vehicle cockpit in any one of the above technical schemes, and the railway vehicle cockpit comprises the active noise reduction system in any one of the above technical schemes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the active noise reduction system (2) adopted by the automatic positioning type active noise reduction earmuff has good medium and low frequency characteristics, and can effectively solve the noise reduction problem of the cockpit of a railway vehicle such as a subway and the like; the active noise reduction earmuffs (1) are simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost, convenient and reliable to use, free of change in the structure of a cockpit and free of occupying driving space; in addition, the invention provides an ear muff automatic positioning system (3), which can automatically track the positions of the ears of a driver/passenger and adjust the ear muffs (1) to the optimal noise reduction position, provide the work and riding environment which are subjectively needed for the driver/passenger, and improve the riding comfort of a train. Particularly, the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) is connected with the ear muffs (1) through the hinge balls (1-4), so that the free rotation of the ear muffs (1) can be realized, the relative positions of the ear muffs and the ears of drivers/passengers can be adjusted, the active noise reduction effect is improved, and the requirements of different drivers/passengers are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatically positionable active noise reduction earmuff according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an earmuff and a partial active noise reduction system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the hinge ball according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of an automatic earmuff positioning system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural view of the present invention within a stationary housing;
fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a connection structure of the electric lift mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows a schematic structural view of a guide wheel according to the present invention;
fig. 8 shows a bottom view of the translation mechanism of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals include: 1. an ear muff, 1-1, a telescopic frame clamping groove, 1-2, a protective cover, 1-3, a protective cover, 1-4, a hinge ball, 2, an active noise reduction system, 2-1, an error sensor, 2-2, a loudspeaker, 3, an ear muff automatic positioning system, 3-1, a human ear position information collector, 3-2, an electric lifting mechanism, 3-2-1, a motor, 3-2-2, a steel wire rope reel, 3-2-3, a steel wire rope, 3-2-4, a guide wheel, 3-2-5, a pulley, 3-2-6, a telescopic frame, 3-2-7, a sliding block, 3-2-8, a sliding rail, 3-2-9, a sliding groove and 3-2-10, a motor fixing frame, 3-2-11 parts of a reel shaft bearing seat, 3-2-12 parts of a fixed shell, 3-3 parts of a translation mechanism, 3-3-1 parts of a driving rail, 3-3-2 parts of a driven rail, 3-3-3 parts of a nut slider, 4 parts of a controller and 5 parts of a cockpit top.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following detailed description is only used for explaining the basic technical principle of the present invention, and does not limit the protection scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make corresponding modifications according to the actual situation.
Further, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms indicating relative positional relationships such as "inside", "upper", "lower", and the like are based on the relative positional relationships in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
referring to fig. 1 to 2, in order to solve the noise reduction problem of the railway vehicle cockpit such as a subway proposed in the background art, the invention provides an automatic positioning type active noise reduction earmuff and a railway vehicle cockpit adopting the same for active noise reduction. The automatic positioning type active noise reduction earmuff mainly comprises an earmuff (1), an active noise reduction system (2), an earmuff automatic positioning system (3) and a controller (4). The active noise reduction system (2) and the controller (4) in the ear muff automatic positioning system (3) are arranged in the fixed shell (3-2-12); the active noise reduction system (2) further comprises a reference sensor, an error sensor (2-1) and a loudspeaker (2-2), wherein the reference sensor is arranged in the cab, and the error sensor (2-1) and the loudspeaker (2-2) are symmetrically arranged in a groove at the side part of the ear muff (1) close to the position beside the ear; the automatic positioning system (3) for the earmuffs further comprises an ear position information collector (3-1), an electric lifting mechanism (3-2) and a translation mechanism (3-3), the earmuffs (1) are connected with the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) through expansion brackets (3-2-6) on two sides of the earmuffs to realize suspension, and the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) is arranged in a fixed shell (3-2-12) according to the positions of the earmuffs (1). The fixed shell (3-2-12) is positioned above the driver seat/passenger cabin seat, is arranged on the top (5) of the driver cabin/passenger cabin of the vehicle through a translation mechanism (3-3), and can do horizontal linear motion along the translation mechanism (3-3).
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the left and right sides of the ear muff (1) are provided with telescopic frame clamping grooves (1-1) for mounting telescopic frames (3-2-6) to realize the up-and-down movement of the ear muff (1); two grooves are formed in the positions, close to the sides of the ears, of the side wings of the earmuffs (1) and used for installing error sensors (2-1) and loudspeakers (2-2) in the active noise reduction system (2). Particularly, the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) is connected with the ear muffs (1) through the hinge balls (1-4), so that the free rotation of the ear muffs (1) is realized, the active noise reduction effect is improved, and the working convenience of a driver is ensured.
Referring to fig. 2 and 5, the active noise reduction system (2) includes a reference sensor, an error sensor (2-1), a speaker (2-2), and a controller (4). The number of the reference sensors is four, and the reference sensors are respectively arranged on 1 cockpit/cabin roof, 1 cockpit/cabin floor and 1 cockpit/left side and right side (all arranged near a cockpit door and window); the error sensor (2-1) and the loudspeaker (2-2) are both arranged in a groove at the position close to the ear side of the side wing of the earmuff (1), and a protective cover (1-2) is arranged on the surface of the groove to prevent the error sensor (2-1) and the loudspeaker (2-2) from being damaged; the controller (4) is fixedly arranged in the fixed shell (3-2-12). The four reference sensors in the cockpit/passenger cabin are used for acquiring noise in the cockpit/passenger cabin in real time, the controller (4) receives noise signals acquired by the reference sensors and processes the signals, the controller (4) generates anti-phase sound waves for offsetting the noise and controls the loudspeaker (2-2) to emit the anti-phase sound waves for offsetting the noise; the error sensor (2-1) collects noise near the human ear and feeds the noise back to the controller (4) to correct the inverse sound wave signal in real time, so that noise offset is realized.
Referring to fig. 4 to 8, the ear muff automatic positioning system (3) comprises an ear position information collector (3-1), an electric lifting mechanism (3-2), a translation mechanism (3-3) and a controller (4).
The human ear position information collector (3-1) and the error sensor (2-1) and the loudspeaker (2-2) in the active noise reduction system (2) are mounted in a groove of the side wing of the earmuff (1) close to the position beside the ear together and used for collecting the binaural position signals of a driver in real time, and the binaural position signals are transmitted to the controller (4) in a communication mode, and the controller (4) analyzes the binaural position signals and sends out earmuff (1) position adjusting signals and controls the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) and the translation mechanism (3-3) to adjust the position of the earmuff (1) to the optimal noise reduction position.
The electric lifting mechanism (3-2) comprises a motor (3-2-1), a steel wire rope reel (3-2-2), a steel wire rope (3-2-3), a guide wheel (3-2-4), a pulley (3-2-5), an expansion bracket (3-2-6), a sliding block (3-2-7), a sliding rail (3-2-8), a sliding groove (3-2-9), a motor fixing frame (3-2-10), a winding wheel shaft bearing seat (3-2-11) and a fixed shell (3-2-12). The output shaft of the motor (3-2-1) is connected with the axle of the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2) through a coupler, and the motor (3-2-1) drives the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2) to rotate; two wire grooves are formed in the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2) and used for winding the two steel wire ropes (3-2-3). One end of the steel wire rope (3-2-3) is fixed in a wire groove of the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2), the other end of the steel wire rope (3-2-3) is connected to the sliding rail (3-2-8) in a guiding mode through the guide wheel (3-2-4), the sliding rail (3-2-8) is connected into a clamping groove (1-1) of the expansion bracket through the hinge ball (1-4), the steel wire rope (3-2-3) bears main traction force in the movement process of the earmuff (1), and the hinge ball (1-4) can achieve free rotation of the earmuff (1). In particular, the winding directions of the two side wire ropes (3-2-3) in the wire grooves of the wire rope reel (3-2-2) are opposite, so that the ear muffs (1) connected with the two wire ropes (3-2-3) can move upwards or downwards simultaneously when the wire rope reel (3-2-2) rotates towards one side. In addition, in order to ensure the stability of the ear muff (1) when the ear muff is in a standing state, a motor with a self-locking device is selected, such as a direct current permanent magnet band brake motor. The two guide wheels (3-2-4) are symmetrically arranged in the fixed shell (3-2-12), and the axle axes of the two guide wheels do not coincide with the vertical central line of the sliding chute (3-2-9).
The sliding grooves (3-2-9) are respectively positioned on two sides of the fixed shell (3-2-12), each side comprises two sections of sliding grooves (3-2-9), and the pulleys (3-2-5) are loaded from the position with the larger cross section of the sliding grooves (3-2-9) and can freely roll in the sliding grooves (3-2-9). In particular, the length of each short runner (3-2-9) should be greater than the 1/2 maximum stretch distance of one set of telescopic frames (3-2-6) in view of the sliding range of the chain ends. In addition, in order to improve the stability of the telescopic frame (3-2-6) in the movement process, two sections of chains are arranged between the sliding chutes (3-2-9) on the two sides of the fixed shell (3-2-12), one ends of the two sections of chains are fixed on the central axes of the sliding chutes (3-2-9) on the two sides, and the other ends of the two sections of chains are fixedly connected with the uppermost chain of the telescopic frame (3-2-6). The lower end of the expansion bracket (3-2-6) extends into the ear muff clamping groove (1-1) and is installed on the sliding rail (3-2-8), two pulleys (3-2-5) on two sides respectively approach or depart from the sliding groove (3-2-9) simultaneously, and the vertical position of the ear muff (1) is adjusted through the extension or contraction of the expansion bracket (3-2-6).
In the fixed shell (3-2-12), a motor (3-2-1) and a motor fixing frame (3-2-10) are sleeved by bolts, the motor fixing frame (3-2-10) is fixed on the upper wall of the fixed shell (3-2-12) by bolts, the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2) is supported on a reel shaft bearing seat (3-2-11) through a bearing, and the reel shaft bearing seat (3-2-11) is fixed on the upper wall of the fixed shell (3-2-12) by bolts; the guide wheel (3-2-4) is arranged on a wheel shaft, and the wheel shaft is fixedly welded on a wheel shaft bracket on the side wall of the fixed shell (3-2-12); the pulley (3-2-5) is connected with the upper end of the expansion bracket (3-2-6) and can freely roll in the chute (3-2-9), so that the expansion and contraction of the expansion bracket (3-2-6) are realized, and the function of bearing the gravity of the expansion bracket (3-2-6) and part of the earmuffs (1) is achieved to a certain extent; in addition, the steel wire ropes (3-2-3) and the expansion brackets (3-2-6) are matched with each other, so that the earmuffs (1) are stably suspended and lifted.
The translation mechanism (3-3) comprises a driving track (3-3-1) and two driven tracks (3-3-2), and the driving track and the driven tracks are fixed on the top of a vehicle cockpit/passenger cabin. The driving track (3-3-1) adopts a screw-nut structure, a nut sliding block (3-3-3) is driven by a motor to move, the nut sliding block (3-3-3) is a nut of the screw-nut mechanism and is an assembly matrix of the electric lifting mechanism (3-2), and the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) is fixedly connected with the nut sliding block (3-3-3) through a fixed shell (3-2-12); the driven tracks (3-3-2) are all linear guide rail mechanisms and are not provided with driving devices. The translation mechanism (3-3) operates as follows: the driving track (3-3-1) drives the nut sliding block (3-3-3) to move through the motor, so that the fixed shell (3-2-12) is driven to do linear motion along the track, and the sliding block of the driven track (3-3-2) also does linear motion on the guide rail along with the movement of the nut sliding block (3-3-3), so that the positions of the earmuffs (1) are always symmetrical about the positions of two ears of a driver. In addition, the sliding blocks on the translation mechanism (3-3) are connected with the fixed shell (3-2-12) by bolts; and the motor on the driving track (3-3-1) also adopts a motor with a self-locking device, such as a direct-current permanent magnet motor with a brake, so that the stability of the ear muffs (1) during standing is ensured.
The underslung active noise reduction earmuff is hidden at the top of a metro cockpit when no noise reduction requirement exists, and an electric lifting mechanism (3-2) and a translation mechanism (3-3) are automatically controlled to move the earmuff (1) to the optimal noise reduction position when the noise reduction requirement exists, so that the noise in the metro vehicle cockpit is effectively reduced, and the driving comfort is improved, wherein the method mainly comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the fixed shell (3-2-12) is arranged on a sliding block of the translation mechanism (3-3), and the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) and the controller (4) are arranged in the fixed shell (3-2-12). The electric lifting mechanism (3-2) controls the lifting of the ear muffs (1); the controller (4) is used for receiving the environmental noise signal collected by the reference sensor and the correction feedback signal collected by the error sensor (2-1), generating a sound wave signal of which the noise is counteracted in an opposite phase mode and controlling the loudspeaker (2-2) to reflect reverse sound waves, and is used for receiving the ear position information transmitted by the ear position information collector (3-1) and outputting an ear cover (1) position adjusting signal to control the motor (3-2-1) lifting mechanism and the translation mechanism (3-3) to adjust the ear cover (1) to the optimal noise reduction position.
Step two: when a driver/passenger needs to reduce noise, a control button is started, a motor (3-2-1) drives a steel wire rope reel (3-2-2) to rotate in the forward direction, the upper end of a steel wire rope (3-2-3) is wound on the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2), the lower end of the steel wire rope (3-2-3) pulls an earmuff (1), the steel wire rope (3-2-3) is discharged from the reel under the forward rotation action of the reel, a guide wheel (3-2-4) guides the steel wire rope (3-2-3) to drive the earmuff (1) to descend, and meanwhile, due to the traction of the steel wire rope (3-2-3) on the earmuff (1), two pulleys (3-2-5) at the upper ends of telescopic frames (3-2-6) on two sides slide close to each, the lower ends of the expansion brackets (3-2-6) at the two sides are fixed on the sliding blocks (3-2-7) in the ear muff clamping grooves (1-1) and are close to each other to slide in the sliding rails (3-2-8), and the expansion brackets (3-2-6) extend and drive the ear muffs (1) to stably descend until the head position of a driver is reached.
At the moment, the human ear position information collector (3-1) collects the double ear position information of the driver/passenger and transmits the double ear position information to the controller (4), the position adjustment information of the earmuff (1) is output after being analyzed by the controller (4), and the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) and the translation mechanism (3-3) are controlled to adjust the position of the earmuff (1) to the optimal noise reduction position. Particularly, the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) is connected with the ear muffs (1) through the hinge balls (1-4), the ear muffs (1) can be manually rotated when a driver/passenger needs the electric lifting mechanism, and the relative angle between the ear muffs and the ears is adjusted, so that the optimal noise reduction effect and the optimal comfort level of the driver/passenger are achieved.
Step three: a reference sensor in the cabin collects environmental noise signals in the cabin, a controller (4) in a fixed shell (3-2-12) receives the collected noise signals and processes the signals to generate anti-phase sound waves for offsetting noise and control loudspeakers (2-2) at two sides beside ears of an ear muff (1) to emit, an error sensor (2-1) collects noise signals near the ears of a driver, and the noise signal is transmitted to the controller (4), the controller (4) receives the noise signal transmitted by the error sensor (2-1) and updates the reverse sound wave for canceling the noise in real time according to the noise signal, the loudspeaker (2-2) receives the reverse sound wave signal again and outputs the sound wave for canceling the noise signal, and the noise is circularly repeated, so that the noise beside the ears of the driver/passengers is continuously reduced, and the driving/riding comfort of the driver/passengers is improved.
Step four: when a driver/passenger does not need to reduce noise, a control button is started, a motor (3-2-1) drives a steel wire rope reel (3-2-2) to rotate reversely, the upper end of a steel wire rope (3-2-3) is wound on the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2), the lower end of the steel wire rope (3-2-3) pulls an earmuff (1), the steel wire rope (3-2-3) is wound on the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2) under the reverse rotation action of the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2), the steel wire rope (3-2-3) is guided by a guide wheel (3-2-4) to drive the earmuff (1) to ascend, and meanwhile, due to the traction of the steel wire rope (3-2-3) on the earmuff (1), two pulleys (3-2-5) at the upper ends of, the sliding blocks (3-2-7) at the lower ends of the expansion brackets (3-2-6) at the two sides, which are fixed in the ear muff clamping grooves (1-1), are also deviated from each other and slide in the sliding rails (3-2-8), and the expansion brackets (3-2-6) are contracted and drive the ear muffs (1) to stably rise until the whole mechanism is hidden in the cockpit/cabin roof (5).
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the principle of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can modify the above-mentioned structure so that the present invention can be applied to more specific application scenarios without departing from the principle of the present invention.
For example, in an alternative embodiment, the number of reference sensors need not be four, and may be more or less, so long as the noise signature within the cockpit/cabin environment can be reliably tested, without departing from the principles of the present invention, and thus, are within the scope of the present invention.
For example, in another alternative embodiment, the reference sensor does not need to be disposed on the top of the cockpit/cabin, the floor of the cockpit/cabin, and the left and right side walls of the cockpit (both installed near the side wall doors and windows), as long as the noise signal in the cockpit/cabin environment can be reliably tested, without departing from the principle of the present invention, and therefore, the reference sensor will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
For example, in another alternative embodiment, the connection between the upper end of the telescopic frame and the controller may be a hinged connection instead of one pulley, and the other pulley still moves freely in the sliding slot, as long as the connection can stabilize the telescopic motion of the telescopic frame, without departing from the principle of the present invention, and therefore, the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.
For example, in another alternative embodiment, the motor may be selected from a common motor and a worm gear reducer, as long as the motor has driving and self-locking functions, without departing from the principle of the present invention, and therefore, the motor is within the protection scope of the present invention.
For example, in another alternative embodiment, the active track may be a rack and pinion mechanism, as long as the active track is a transmission mechanism capable of driving the fixed housing to move linearly, without departing from the principle of the present invention, and therefore, the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the invention also provides a railway vehicle cockpit, which is the railway vehicle cockpit of any one of the above embodiments and is provided with the active noise reduction system in any one of the above embodiments.
So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. An automatic positioning type active noise reduction earmuff is characterized in that the automatic positioning type active noise reduction earmuff is used for a railway vehicle cab; the automatic positioning type active noise reduction earmuff mainly comprises an earmuff (1), an active noise reduction system (2), an earmuff automatic positioning system (3) and a controller (4); the active noise reduction system (2) and the controller (4) in the ear muff automatic positioning system (3) are arranged in the fixed shell (3-2-12); the active noise reduction system (2) further comprises a reference sensor, an error sensor (2-1) and a loudspeaker (2-2), wherein the reference sensor is arranged in the cab, and the error sensor (2-1) and the loudspeaker (2-2) are symmetrically arranged in a groove at the side part of the ear muff (1) close to the position beside the ear; the automatic positioning system (3) for the earmuffs further comprises an ear position information collector (3-1), an electric lifting mechanism (3-2) and a translation mechanism (3-3), the earmuffs (1) are connected with the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) through expansion brackets (3-2-6) on two sides of the earmuffs to realize suspension, and the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) is arranged in a fixed shell (3-2-12) according to the positions of the earmuffs (1); the fixed shell (3-2-12) is positioned above the driver seat/passenger cabin seat, is arranged on the top (5) of the driver cabin/passenger cabin of the vehicle through a translation mechanism (3-3), and can do horizontal linear motion along the translation mechanism (3-3);
telescopic frame clamping grooves (1-1) are formed in the left side and the right side of the earmuffs (1) and used for installing telescopic frames (3-2-6) to achieve up-and-down movement of the earmuffs (1); two grooves are formed in the positions, close to the sides of the ears, of the side wings of the earmuffs (1) and used for installing an error sensor (2-1) and a loudspeaker (2-2) in the active noise reduction system (2); particularly, the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) is connected with the ear muffs (1) through the hinge balls (1-4), so that the free rotation of the ear muffs (1) is realized, the active noise reduction effect is improved, and the working convenience of a driver is ensured;
the active noise reduction system (2) comprises a reference sensor, an error sensor (2-1), a loudspeaker (2-2) and a controller (4); the number of the reference sensors is four, and the reference sensors are respectively arranged on 1 cockpit/cabin roof, 1 cockpit/cabin floor and 1 cockpit/left side and right side (all arranged near a cockpit door and window); the error sensor (2-1) and the loudspeaker (2-2) are both arranged in a groove at the position close to the ear side of the side wing of the earmuff (1), and a protective cover (1-2) is arranged on the surface of the groove to prevent the error sensor (2-1) and the loudspeaker (2-2) from being damaged; the controller (4) is fixedly arranged in the fixed shell (3-2-12); the four reference sensors in the cockpit/passenger cabin are used for acquiring noise in the cockpit/passenger cabin in real time, the controller (4) receives noise signals acquired by the reference sensors and processes the signals, the controller (4) generates anti-phase sound waves for offsetting the noise and controls the loudspeaker (2-2) to emit the anti-phase sound waves for offsetting the noise; the error sensor (2-1) collects noise near the human ear and feeds the noise back to the controller (4) to correct the inverse sound wave signal in real time, so that noise offset is realized.
2. The active noise reduction earmuff capable of being automatically positioned according to claim 1, wherein the earmuff automatic positioning system (3) comprises an ear position information collector (3-1), an electric lifting mechanism (3-2), a translation mechanism (3-3) and a controller (4);
the human ear position information collector (3-1), the error sensor (2-1) and the loudspeaker (2-2) in the active noise reduction system (2) are mounted in a groove at the position close to the ear side of the side wing of the earmuff (1) together for collecting the binaural position signals of a driver in real time, communicating and transmitting the binaural position signals to the controller (4), and sending out an earmuff (1) position adjusting signal after analysis by the controller (4) and controlling the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) and the translation mechanism (3-3) to adjust the position of the earmuff (1) to the optimal noise reduction position; the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) comprises a motor (3-2-1), a steel wire rope reel (3-2-2), a steel wire rope (3-2-3), a guide wheel (3-2-4), a pulley (3-2-5), an expansion bracket (3-2-6), a sliding block (3-2-7), a sliding rail (3-2-8), a sliding chute (3-2-9), a motor fixing frame (3-2-10), a winding wheel shaft bearing seat (3-2-11) and a fixed shell (3-2-12); the output shaft of the motor (3-2-1) is connected with the axle of the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2) through a coupler, and the motor (3-2-1) drives the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2) to rotate; two wire grooves are formed in the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2) and used for winding the two steel wire ropes (3-2-3); one end of the steel wire rope (3-2-3) is fixed in a wire groove of the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2), the other end of the steel wire rope (3-2-3) is connected to the sliding rail (3-2-8) in a guiding mode through the guide wheel (3-2-4), the sliding rail (3-2-8) is connected into a clamping groove (1-1) of the expansion bracket through the hinge ball (1-4), the steel wire rope (3-2-3) bears main traction force in the movement process of the earmuff (1), and the hinge ball (1-4) can achieve free rotation of the earmuff (1); in particular, the winding directions of the two side steel wire ropes (3-2-3) in the wire grooves of the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2) are opposite, so that the ear muffs (1) connected with the two steel wire ropes (3-2-3) can move upwards or downwards simultaneously when the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2) rotates towards one side; in addition, in order to ensure the stability of the ear muff (1) when in standing, a motor with a self-locking device is selected, such as a direct current permanent magnetic tape brake motor; the two guide wheels (3-2-4) are symmetrically arranged in the fixed shell (3-2-12), and the axle axes of the two guide wheels are not superposed with the vertical central line of the sliding chute (3-2-9); the sliding chutes (3-2-9) are respectively positioned at two sides of the fixed shell (3-2-12), each side comprises two sections of sliding chutes (3-2-9), and the pulleys (3-2-5) are loaded from the position with a larger cross section of the sliding chute (3-2-9) and can freely roll in the sliding chute (3-2-9); in particular, the length of each short sliding chute (3-2-9) is larger than the 1/2 maximum stretching distance of one set of telescopic frames (3-2-6) in consideration of the sliding range of the chain end; in addition, in order to improve the stability of the telescopic frame (3-2-6) in the movement process, two sections of chains are arranged between the sliding chutes (3-2-9) on the two sides of the fixed shell (3-2-12), one ends of the two sections of chains are fixed on the central axes of the sliding chutes (3-2-9) on the two sides, and the other ends of the two sections of chains are fixedly connected with the uppermost chain of the telescopic frame (3-2-6); the lower end of the telescopic frame (3-2-6) extends into the ear muff clamping groove (1-1) and is installed on the sliding rail (3-2-8), two pulleys (3-2-5) on two sides respectively approach or depart from the sliding groove (3-2-9) simultaneously, and the vertical position of the ear muff (1) is adjusted through the extension or contraction of the telescopic frame (3-2-6);
in the fixed shell (3-2-12), a motor (3-2-1) and a motor fixing frame (3-2-10) are sleeved by bolts, the motor fixing frame (3-2-10) is fixed on the upper wall of the fixed shell (3-2-12) by bolts, the steel wire rope reel (3-2-2) is supported on a reel shaft bearing seat (3-2-11) through a bearing, and the reel shaft bearing seat (3-2-11) is fixed on the upper wall of the fixed shell (3-2-12) by bolts; the guide wheel (3-2-4) is arranged on a wheel shaft, and the wheel shaft is fixedly welded on a wheel shaft bracket on the side wall of the fixed shell (3-2-12); the pulley (3-2-5) is connected with the upper end of the expansion bracket (3-2-6) and can freely roll in the chute (3-2-9), so that the expansion and contraction of the expansion bracket (3-2-6) are realized, and the function of bearing the gravity of the expansion bracket (3-2-6) and part of the earmuffs (1) is achieved to a certain extent; in addition, the steel wire rope (3-2-3) and the expansion bracket (3-2-6) are matched with each other, so that the earmuffs (1) are stably suspended and lifted;
the translation mechanism (3-3) comprises a driving track (3-3-1) and two driven tracks (3-3-2), and the driving track and the two driven tracks are fixed on the top of a vehicle cockpit/passenger cabin; the driving track (3-3-1) adopts a screw-nut structure, a nut sliding block (3-3-3) is driven by a motor to move, the nut sliding block (3-3-3) is a nut of the screw-nut mechanism and is an assembly matrix of the electric lifting mechanism (3-2), and the electric lifting mechanism (3-2) is fixedly connected with the nut sliding block (3-3-3) through a fixed shell (3-2-12); the driven tracks (3-3-2) are all linear guide rail mechanisms and are not provided with driving devices; the translation mechanism (3-3) operates as follows: the driving track (3-3-1) drives the nut sliding block (3-3-3) to move through the motor, so that the fixed shell (3-2-12) is driven to do linear motion along the track, and the sliding block of the driven track (3-3-2) also does linear motion on the guide rail along with the movement of the nut sliding block (3-3-3), so that the positions of the earmuffs (1) are always symmetrical about the positions of two ears of a driver; in addition, the sliding blocks on the translation mechanism (3-3) are connected with the fixed shell (3-2-12) by bolts; and the motor on the driving track (3-3-1) also adopts a motor with a self-locking device, such as a direct-current permanent magnet motor with a brake, so that the stability of the ear muffs (1) during standing is ensured.
3. A rail vehicle cockpit, characterized in that it is a rail vehicle cockpit according to any one of claims 1 and 2 and that it comprises an active noise reduction system for a rail vehicle cockpit according to any one of claims 1 and 2.
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| CN202110310587.6A CN112869947A (en) | 2021-03-23 | 2021-03-23 | Automatic positioning type active noise reduction earmuff |
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| CN202110310587.6A CN112869947A (en) | 2021-03-23 | 2021-03-23 | Automatic positioning type active noise reduction earmuff |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7062049B1 (en) * | 1999-03-09 | 2006-06-13 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Active noise control system |
| CN201854396U (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2011-06-01 | 大连海事大学 | Head-wearing noise reduction earphone |
| CN107995566A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-05-04 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of automobile noise active control device |
| CN109119060A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-01-01 | 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司 | A kind of reduction method and system applied to automobile |
| CN210542684U (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-05-19 | 中国医科大学附属盛京医院 | Suspension type infusion support |
| CN215349964U (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-12-31 | 吉林大学 | Automatic positioning type active noise reduction earmuff and railway vehicle cab |
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2021
- 2021-03-23 CN CN202110310587.6A patent/CN112869947A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7062049B1 (en) * | 1999-03-09 | 2006-06-13 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Active noise control system |
| CN201854396U (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2011-06-01 | 大连海事大学 | Head-wearing noise reduction earphone |
| CN107995566A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-05-04 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of automobile noise active control device |
| CN109119060A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-01-01 | 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司 | A kind of reduction method and system applied to automobile |
| CN210542684U (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-05-19 | 中国医科大学附属盛京医院 | Suspension type infusion support |
| CN215349964U (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-12-31 | 吉林大学 | Automatic positioning type active noise reduction earmuff and railway vehicle cab |
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