CN112868744A - Method for processing sausage by superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilization - Google Patents
Method for processing sausage by superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilization Download PDFInfo
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- CN112868744A CN112868744A CN202110172996.4A CN202110172996A CN112868744A CN 112868744 A CN112868744 A CN 112868744A CN 202110172996 A CN202110172996 A CN 202110172996A CN 112868744 A CN112868744 A CN 112868744A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/005—Preserving by heating
- A23B4/01—Preserving by heating by irradiation or electric treatment with or without shaping, e.g. in form of powder, granules or flakes
- A23B4/012—Preserving by heating by irradiation or electric treatment with or without shaping, e.g. in form of powder, granules or flakes with packages, or with shaping in the form of blocks or portions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/005—Preserving by heating
- A23B4/0053—Preserving by heating with gas or liquids, with or without shaping, e.g. in form of powder, granules or flakes
- A23B4/0056—Preserving by heating with gas or liquids, with or without shaping, e.g. in form of powder, granules or flakes with packages, or with shaping in the form of blocks or portions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/60—Comminuted or emulsified meat products, e.g. sausages; Reformed meat from comminuted meat product
- A23L13/65—Sausages
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing a sausage by superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilization, which comprises the following steps: (1) adding appropriate amount of side dish into meat, and stirring to obtain meat stuffing; (2) preparing the meat stuffing into sausage; (3) pricking a plurality of holes on the sausage casing, steaming the sausage, naturally cooling and packaging; (4) sterilizing the sausage by adopting a combination mode of superheated water and radio frequency sterilization; the temperature of the superheated water is 110-120 ℃, and the distance between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate is 180-200 mm; the heating time is 20-30 min, and the pressure of the sterilization kettle is 2-3 bar. On the basis of traditional sausage processing, the invention uses meat as a main raw material and preferably selects starch as an auxiliary material, and introduces a collagen casing which is less used in food industrial production, thereby improving the nutritional value of food. On the basis of traditional radio frequency sterilization of the meat sausage, the invention is assisted by a high-temperature and constant-temperature water bath environment, and overcomes the shortages of slow temperature rise and low sterilization efficiency of the traditional superheated water in the geometric center, so that the temperature rise rate and the sterilization efficiency of the meat sausage are obviously improved on the basis of ensuring the heating uniformity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of food radio frequency sterilization, and relates to a processing method of a sausage by superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilization.
Background
The sausage plays a significant role, occupies the half-wall Jiangshan of meat products, and has the yield of almost 50 percent of the total amount of the meat products. The sausage product has unique flavor, stable quality and rich nutrition, and is more and more popular as a convenient and quick food. The smoked and cooked meat sausage is a low-temperature meat product which is processed under normal pressure and low temperature, matched with auxiliary materials and additives, smoked, cooked and the like to enable the central temperature of the meat product to reach 75-85 ℃. The smoked and cooked meat sausage belongs to the category of western-style sausages, has moderate protein denaturation, firm meat quality, high elasticity, chewy feeling, freshness, tenderness, crispness, softness and juiciness, and maintains the original nutrition and the inherent flavor of beef to a great extent. Although the low-temperature meat product is rich in nutrient substances, the main problems of low sterilization temperature and incomplete sterilization of the low-temperature meat product are that the meat product is easy to rot and deteriorate due to the propagation of microorganisms and the action of enzymes, and the storage and long-distance transportation are inconvenient, so that the storage quality of the product is strictly controlled, the shelf life of the product is ensured, the environmental temperature and the chopping temperature in the processing process are controlled within a standard range, and the selection of raw materials and the links of processing personnel and environmental disinfection treatment are mastered, so that the microbial pollution is reduced to the maximum extent.
The radio frequency sterilization is a method for killing microorganisms by converting electric energy into heat energy and increasing the temperature of materials by utilizing the oscillation migration of radio frequency (electromagnetic waves of 3 KHz-300 MHz) to cause the material to be heated to carry electro-ions and the dipole rotation. Compared with the traditional methods such as hot water sterilization and the like, the radio frequency sterilization has the advantages of high speed, uniform heating, low material temperature, large energy penetration depth, small equipment investment and the like, and has higher penetration capacity and better heating uniformity compared with microwave, but the geometric center of the radio frequency heating mode is slowly heated and the sterilization efficiency is lower; superheated water sterilization has the defects of complex device structure, complex operation and high cost due to the fact that parts which are easy to damage need to be replaced frequently, and energy waste is caused because the interior of materials of solid food such as sausage food cannot reach the target sterilization temperature quickly when the solid food is sterilized.
New Shanghai food Limited liability company (patent application No. CN 201911213537.5) discloses a beef sausage and a preparation method thereof. The beef sausage is added with fat beef and beef liver, diversification of raw materials is increased, the nutritional ingredients of the beef sausage are increased, the requirements of users on nutrition, characteristics and flavor of beef sausage food are met, and the requirements of users on instant eating are facilitated. The beef sausage prepared by the traditional process is relatively complex in process, only pasteurization is carried out, and the storage period of materials is difficult to guarantee for a long time. The invention not only has simpler process, but also is established on the basis of the high-temperature radio-frequency sterilization of the sausage, thereby not only improving the production efficiency and the product quality, but also prolonging the shelf life of the product.
Zhao Wei, Zhao Yi Xian, Yang Rui jin (patent application No. CN201710023824.4) disclose a method for radio frequency sterilization of low water activity food. According to the patent, after being hermetically packaged, the food with low water activity is placed in the center of a lower electrode plate of a radio frequency treatment cavity for radio frequency treatment, and then is subjected to cold shock treatment. The microorganism counting result shows that the invention can effectively kill the microorganisms in the sample. The invention only uses radio frequency heating for pasteurization of products and does not mention the application in high temperature sterilization and high temperature combined with radio frequency.
An apparatus and method (CN 107494721A) for improving the uniformity of badam radio frequency sterilization: which sterilizes the badam using a single radio frequency. Compared with the invention, the raw materials and the sterilization mode of the invention are obviously different from the invention, the heating uniformity is poorer, and the production efficiency is lower.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: 1. the sterilization efficiency is low; 2. the sterilization mode is single, and no combined sterilization mode exists; 3. there are limitations to handling the material. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a combined sterilization apparatus having high practicability, high sterilization efficiency and energy saving.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a processing method of a sausage by using superheated water to assist radio frequency sterilization.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that,
a processing method of a sausage with superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilization comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing meat stuffing: firstly, soaking meat in water for 1-2 hours, and changing water in the middle for 1-2 times; adding a proper amount of side dish into the meat, uniformly mixing, putting into a stirrer, and stirring to prepare meat stuffing, wherein the high speed is 10-15 s, and the low speed is 25-40 s;
(2) preparing the meat stuffing into sausage: adding flavoring, starch and/or egg into the meat stuffing, mixing, standing, and filling into sausage with collagen casing;
(3) pricking a plurality of holes on the sausage casing, then putting the sausage casing into a steamer to steam for 1-1.5 h at the power of 80-90 w, turning over once every 20-25 min, naturally cooling the steamed sausage, and packaging;
(4) placing the packaged sausage into a closed sterilization kettle, and sterilizing the sausage in the sterilization kettle by adopting a combination mode of superheated water and radio frequency sterilization; wherein the temperature of the superheated water is 110-120 ℃, and the distance between an upper polar plate and a lower polar plate connected with the radio frequency generator is 180-200 mm; the heating time is 20-30 min, and the pressure of the sterilization kettle 12 is 2-3 bar.
Further, the meat in the step 1 is Qinchuan beef.
Further, in the step 4, a superheated water-assisted radio frequency sterilization device is adopted to sterilize the sausage in a combined mode of superheated water sterilization and radio frequency sterilization; the superheated water auxiliary radio frequency sterilization device comprises a superheated water sterilization auxiliary system, a radio frequency heating system and a computer optical fiber temperature measuring system; wherein:
the superheated water sterilization auxiliary system comprises a first control panel, a first controller, two high-temperature resistant pipes, a sterilization kettle, a tap water pipe, a pure water pipe, a water storage tank, a cold water circulating pump, a hot water circulating pump and an electric heater; an annular cavity is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall of the sterilization kettle, the two high-temperature resistant pipes are respectively connected with the annular cavity, the water storage tank and the annular cavity of the sterilization kettle are communicated through the pure water pipe to form a pure water pipe closed loop, and the pure water pipe is communicated with the annular cavity of the sterilization kettle through the two high-temperature resistant pipes; an electric heater for heating pure water is arranged in the water storage tank; the pure water pipes at the inlet and the outlet of the annular cavity of the sterilization kettle are respectively provided with a hot water circulating pump and a cold water circulating pump; the first control panel, the cold water circulating pump, the hot water circulating pump and the electric heater are all connected with a first controller;
the radio frequency heating system comprises a box body, a radio frequency generator, an upper polar plate, a lower polar plate, a second control panel and a second controller, wherein the lower polar plate is arranged at the bottom of the box body, the upper polar plate is arranged above the lower polar plate in parallel, and the radio frequency generator is connected with the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate; the sterilization kettle is placed on the lower polar plate; the radio frequency generator and the second control panel are connected with the second controller;
the computer optical fiber temperature measurement system comprises a temperature measurement flange plate, a temperature measurement optical fiber probe, an optical fiber temperature measurement device and a computer, wherein the temperature measurement flange plate is fixed on the sterilization kettle, the temperature measurement optical fiber probe is arranged in the temperature measurement flange plate, and the probe of the temperature measurement optical fiber probe penetrates through the inner wall of the sterilization kettle; the optical fiber of the temperature measuring optical fiber probe is connected with the optical fiber temperature measuring device.
Further, in the superheated water sterilization auxiliary system, a plate heat exchanger is arranged on a pure water pipe between the cold water circulating pump and the water storage tank, and the other channel of the plate heat exchanger is connected with a tap water pipe; a temperature sensor is arranged on the pure water pipe between the plate heat exchanger and the sterilization kettle, and the temperature sensor and the plate heat exchanger are both connected with a first controller.
Furthermore, the two high-temperature resistant pipes are also communicated with a compressed air pipe, and the input end of the compressed air pipe is connected with the compressor; a control valve and a pressure sensor are arranged on a compressed air pipe at the inlet of the annular cavity of the sterilization kettle, and the control valve and the pressure sensor are respectively connected with a first controller.
Further, the sterilization kettle is a cylindrical container, the upper cover and the bottom plate of the sterilization kettle are both made of metal plates, and polytetrafluoroethylene is preferably selected as the material of the middle container.
Further, a motor is arranged at the bottom of the radio frequency heating system box body, the motor is connected with the lower ends of the four screw rods through gears, and the upper ends of the four screw rods are respectively connected with the upper electrode plate through threads; the motor is connected with the second controller, and the second controller controls the motor to start to drive the screw rod to rotate, so that the upper electrode plate is driven to move up and down relative to the lower electrode plate.
Furthermore, an electric heating fan is arranged at the bottom of the box body of the radio frequency heating system, and a plurality of blast ports are uniformly distributed on the lower electrode plate.
Further, in the step 4, the temperature of the pure water is 110-120 ℃, the heating time is 20-30 min, the pressure of the sterilization kettle is 2-3 bar, the distance between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate is 180-200 mm, and the height of the material is 80-90 mm.
Further, in the step 4, the temperature of the superheated water is 120 ℃, the heating time is 30min, the distance between the polar plates is 180mm, and the height of the material is 85 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) on the basis of traditional sausage processing, meat is used as a main raw material, starch is preferably used as an auxiliary material, and a collagen casing which is less used in food industrial production is introduced, so that the nutritional value of the food is integrally improved.
(2) On the basis of radio frequency sterilization of the traditional meat sausage, a high-temperature and constant-temperature water bath environment is used for assisting, the defects that the heating of the geometric center of the traditional superheated water is slow and the sterilization efficiency is low are overcome, so that on the basis of ensuring the heating uniformity, the heating rate and the sterilization efficiency of the meat sausage are obviously improved, the internal temperature of a material can reach an expected target in a shorter time, the heating efficiency is improved, the deterioration probability of the material is reduced, and meanwhile, a product with better quality is obtained. Meanwhile, the method does not have excessive limitation on various materials due to the advantages.
(3) The radio frequency power is simultaneously adjusted through the two control panels in the sterilization process, so that the heating temperature of superheated water is controlled and increased, the operation is simple, convenient and safe, the product processing capacity is improved, and the problem of working stability is solved.
(4) The product has better sensory quality and microorganism indexes: the radio frequency power adjustment is realized by adjusting the distance between the two electrode plates through the motor and the screw rod, so that the proper temperature rise rate can be controlled. Meanwhile, the sausage does not need to be opened, so that the sausage is not easy to be subjected to secondary pollution.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a superheated water-assisted radio frequency sterilization device of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the superheated water sterilization auxiliary system.
FIG. 3 is a top view of the sterilizer placed on the lower plate of the RF generator.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the autoclave connected to a temperature measuring device.
Fig. 5 is a top view of fig. 4.
FIG. 6 is a temperature rise-cooling curve diagram of a superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilization pure water bath with different target temperatures.
FIG. 7 is a graph of the heating rates of Qinchuan beef sausage with superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilization at different target temperatures.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the bactericidal effect of Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores in Qinchuan beef sausage under different bactericidal conditions.
The reference numerals in the drawings mean:
1. a first control panel; 2. a high temperature resistant tube; 3. a vent; 4. an upper polar plate; 5. a screw; 6. a second control panel; 7. a temperature measuring optical fiber probe; 8. an optical fiber temperature measuring device; 9. a computer; 10. a lower polar plate; 11. a motor; 12. sterilizing the kettle; 13. an electric heating fan; 14. a tap water pipe; 15. a pure water pipe; 16. a compressed air pipe; 17. a control valve; 18. a pressure sensor; 19. a metal plate; 20. a water storage tank; 21. a plate heat exchanger; 22. a cold water circulation pump; 23. a hot water circulation pump; 24. an electric heater; 25. a temperature measuring flange plate; 26. a tuyere; A. a superheated water sterilization auxiliary system; b: a radio frequency heating system; c: computer optic fibre temperature measurement system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a processing method of a sausage by using superheated water to assist radio frequency sterilization, which adopts the superheated water-assisted radio frequency sterilization device and comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing meat stuffing: firstly, soaking meat in water for 1-2 hours, and changing water in the middle for 1-2 times; adding a proper amount of side dish into the meat, uniformly mixing, putting into a stirrer, and stirring to prepare meat stuffing, wherein the high speed is 10-15 s, and the low speed is 25-40 s.
(2) Preparing the meat stuffing into sausage: adding flavoring, starch and/or egg into the meat stuffing, mixing, standing, and filling into sausage with collagen casing;
(3) pricking a plurality of holes on the sausage casing, then putting the sausage casing into a steamer to steam for 1-1.5 h at the power of 80-90 w, turning over once every 20-25 min, naturally cooling the steamed sausage, and packaging;
(4) placing the packaged sausage into a closed sterilization kettle, and sterilizing the sausage in the sterilization kettle by adopting a combination mode of superheated water and radio frequency sterilization; wherein the temperature of the superheated water is 110-120 ℃, and the distance between an upper polar plate and a lower polar plate connected with the radio frequency generator is 180-200 mm; the heating time is 20-30 min, and the pressure of the sterilization kettle 12 is 2-3 bar.
The technical scheme is as follows:
(1) on the basis of traditional sausage processing, meat is used as a main raw material, different starches are preferably selected as auxiliary materials, and a collagen casing which is less used in food industrial production is introduced, so that the nutritional value of food is integrally improved.
(2) On the basis of radio frequency sterilization of the traditional meat sausage, a high-temperature and constant-temperature water bath environment is used for assisting, the defects that the heating of the geometric center of the traditional superheated water is slow and the sterilization efficiency is low are overcome, so that on the basis of ensuring the heating uniformity, the heating rate and the sterilization efficiency of the meat sausage are obviously improved, the internal temperature of a material can reach an expected target in a shorter time, the heating efficiency is improved, the deterioration probability of the material is reduced, and meanwhile, a product with better quality is obtained. Meanwhile, the method does not have excessive limitation on various materials due to the advantages.
Preferably, the meat is Qinchuan beef unique to Shaanxi, and preferably, the meat is hind leg meat.
Preferably, in step 4, a superheated water-assisted radio frequency sterilization device is used for sterilization, and the structure of the superheated water-assisted radio frequency sterilization device is shown in fig. 1 to 5. The system comprises an overheated water sterilization auxiliary system A, a radio frequency heating system B and a computer optical fiber temperature measuring system C. Wherein:
superheated water auxiliary system a that disinfects includes first control panel 1, first controller, two high temperature resistant pipe 2, reation kettle 12, pure water pipe 15, water storage tank 20, cold water circulating pump 22, hot water circulating pump 23, wherein: an annular cavity is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall of the sterilization kettle 12, the two high temperature resistant pipes 2 are respectively connected with the annular cavity and used as a medium input pipe and a medium output pipe of the annular cavity of the sterilization kettle 12, the water storage tank 20 and the annular cavity of the sterilization kettle 12 are communicated through the pure water pipe 15 to form a pure water pipe closed loop, and the pure water pipe 15 is communicated with the annular cavity of the sterilization kettle 12 through the two high temperature resistant pipes 2; an electric heater 24 for heating pure water is arranged in the water storage tank 20; the inlet and outlet of the annular cavity of the sterilizer 12 are provided with a pure water pipe 15 on which a hot water circulating pump 23 and a cold water circulating pump 22 are respectively arranged. Wherein, hot water circulating pump 23 is arranged in carrying the hot water entering toroidal cavity in the water storage tank 20, and cold water circulating pump is used for carrying the play water of toroidal cavity to water storage tank 20, can send into the cauldron 12 that disinfects to reuse after heating once more to form pure water pipe closed loop, realize continuously providing the pure water after heating for cauldron 12 that disinfects. The first control panel 1, the cold water circulating pump 22, the hot water circulating pump 23 and the electric heater 24 are all connected with a first controller; the first control panel 1 is used for receiving a control instruction of manual operation of an operator and controlling opening and closing of each part connected with the first controller, so that the superheated water sterilization auxiliary system A is controlled to work.
Preferably, a plate heat exchanger 21 is arranged on the pure water pipe between the cold water circulating pump 22 and the water storage tank 20, and the other channel of the plate heat exchanger is connected with the tap water pipe 14; a temperature sensor is arranged on the pure water pipe 15 between the plate heat exchanger 21 and the sterilization kettle 12, and the temperature sensor and the plate heat exchanger 21 are both connected with a first controller. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the pure water output from the sterilization kettle 12 is too high, the temperature is too high to easily damage the inlet of the water storage tank 20, at this moment, the first controller starts the plate heat exchanger, and the plate heat exchanger utilizes the tap water sent by the tap water pipe 14 to cool the hot pure water output from the annular cavity of the sterilization kettle 12. If the temperature of the pure water output from the sterilization kettle 12 is within the set threshold value, the pure water is directly sent into the water storage tank 20 by the cold water circulating pump without starting the plate heat exchanger, thereby forming a protective measure for the water storage tank 20.
Preferably, the two high temperature resistant pipes 2 are further communicated with a compressed air pipe 16, the input end of the compressed air pipe 16 is connected with a compressor and used for pressurizing air in the annular cavity of the sterilization kettle 12 before pure water is introduced for sterilization, superheated water in the pressurized annular cavity cannot be rapidly cooled, the maintaining time is longer, and the sterilization effect can be enhanced. A control valve 17 and a pressure sensor 18 are arranged on a compressed air pipe 16 at the inlet of the annular cavity of the sterilization kettle 12, and the control valve 17 and the pressure sensor 18 are respectively connected with a first controller; wherein, the pressure sensor 18 is used for measuring the pressure of the annular cavity of the sterilization kettle 12; the control valve 17 is used for opening after the sterilization is completed, so that the high-pressure gas in the sterilization kettle 12 is naturally discharged. The compressor may be an oil-free piston air compressor, such as a ZB100 compressor, available from Shandong Hongrun air compressor technology Ltd.
Preferably, the sterilization kettle 12 is a cylindrical container, which can improve the sterilization uniformity and is convenient to operate; the upper cover and the bottom plate of the sterilization kettle 12 both adopt metal plates 19 (preferably aluminum alloy plates), so that the sterilization kettle 12 has a faster heating rate under the action of radio frequency; the middle container of the sterilization kettle 12 is preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the material is high-temperature and high-pressure resistant, suitable for a radio frequency field and low in price.
The radio frequency heating system B comprises a box body, a radio frequency generator (namely a high frequency generator which is used for enabling an upper plate and a lower plate to work to generate high temperature), an upper polar plate 4, a lower polar plate 10, a second control panel 6 and a second controller, wherein the lower polar plate 8 is arranged at the bottom of the box body, the upper polar plate 4 is arranged above the lower polar plate 10 in parallel, and the radio frequency generator is connected with the upper polar plate 4 and the lower polar plate 10; a sterilization kettle 12 is arranged on the lower polar plate 10. The radio frequency generator and the second control panel 6 are respectively connected with a second controller; the second control panel 6 is arranged on the outer wall of the box body; the second control panel 6 receives an operation instruction of a user and sends the operation instruction to the second controller, and the second controller controls the radio frequency generator to be started, so that high temperature is generated between the upper polar plate 4 and the lower polar plate 10 in the radio frequency heating system B, and materials in the sterilization kettle 12 are dried.
Preferably, in order to enable the sterilization effect of the materials to be better, the power is adjusted by adjusting the distance, so that the heating rate of the materials is increased as required, a motor 11 is arranged below a lower electrode plate 10 at the bottom of a box body of the radio frequency heating system B, the motor 11 is connected with the lower ends of four screw rods 5 through gears, and the upper ends of the four screw rods 5 are respectively connected with an upper electrode plate 4 through threads (or connected with a bracket hung with the upper electrode plate 4 through threads); the motor 11 is connected with a second controller, and the second controller controls the motor 11 to start to drive the screw rod 5 to rotate according to a user instruction input by the second control panel 6 or a preset distance, so that the upper electrode plate 4 is driven to move up and down relative to the lower electrode plate 10; therefore, the distance between the upper electrode plate 4 and the lower electrode plate 10 is adjustable, so that the materials in the sterilization kettle 12 arranged on the lower electrode plate 10 are in proper heating positions, the heating rate is increased, and a better sterilization effect is obtained.
Preferably, the upper polar plate 4 and the lower polar plate 8 are made of aluminum alloy plates and are suitable for a radio frequency field, so that the sterilization kettle 12 has a faster heating rate under the action of radio frequency.
Preferably, the high-temperature-resistant connecting pipe 2 adopts a cylindrical plastic ventilation pipeline, preferably a reinforced steel wire silica gel hose, the range of the working temperature of the material is wide, the material is-60 ℃ to 200 ℃, the material is food and pharmacopoeia grade, has no taste, has smooth mirror surface, can not generate any residue, and is easy to clean.
Preferably, the top of the box body is provided with a vent 3 for ventilating air inside the box body in a non-working state.
Preferably, an electric heating fan 13 is arranged below the lower electrode plate 10 at the bottom of the box body of the radio frequency heating system B, and a plurality of blast ports 26 are uniformly distributed on the lower electrode plate 10. The external air is finally discharged from the air vent 3 through the air blast port from bottom to top through the electric heating fan 13, the overall temperature of the heating cavity of the radio frequency heating system B can be reduced, meanwhile, the probability of condensed water generated by the upper electrode plate 4 due to sterilization operation is reduced, and the safety of the superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilization process is improved. Preferably, the blast port 26 is circular, the diameter is 20-30 mm, and the air can pass through the blast port, so that the uniformity of air heat in the box body is improved, and hot air can be emptied quickly.
The computer optical fiber temperature measurement system C comprises a temperature measurement flange plate 25, a temperature measurement optical fiber probe 7, an optical fiber temperature measurement device 8 and a computer 9, wherein the temperature measurement flange plate 25 is fixed on the sterilization kettle 12, the temperature measurement optical fiber probe 7 is arranged in the temperature measurement flange plate 25, and the probe of the temperature measurement optical fiber probe penetrates through the inner wall of the sterilization kettle 12 and is used for measuring the internal temperature of the material in the sterilization kettle 12; the optical fiber of the temperature measurement optical fiber probe 7 is connected with an optical fiber temperature measurement device 8, the optical fiber temperature measurement device is connected with a computer 9, and related software of the optical fiber temperature measurement device 8 is loaded in the computer 9 and used for controlling the temperature measurement optical fiber probe 7 to measure the temperature of the material in real time.
The working process of the device of the invention is as follows:
(1) opening the box body, placing the sausage in a sterilization kettle 12 (as shown in figure 4), fixing an upper metal plate 19 and a lower metal plate 19 of the sterilization kettle 12, placing the fixed metal plates on a lower electrode plate 10 of a radio frequency heating system B, and communicating the annular cavity of the sterilization kettle 12 with a pure water pipe 15 of a superheated water sterilization auxiliary system A by using two high-temperature resistant connecting pipes 2; the temperature measuring optical fiber probe 7 is inserted into the material, the optical fiber of the temperature measuring optical fiber probe is connected with the optical fiber temperature measuring device 8 through the temperature measuring flange 25, the optical fiber temperature measuring device 8 is connected with the computer 9, and the door of the box is closed.
(2) An operator starts the superheated water sterilization auxiliary system A through the first control panel 1, and the compressed air pressurizes the sterilization kettle 12 through the compressed air pipe 16. The first control panel 1 displays that the pressure in the sterilization kettle 12 meets the requirement, an operator operates and opens the pure water pipe to make pure water flow into the water storage tank 20, and after the pure water is heated to a set temperature by the electric heater 24, the operator opens the hot water circulating pump 23 to send the heated pure water into the annular cavity of the sterilization kettle 12; meanwhile, an operator sets the distance between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate and the processing time through the second control panel 6, the second control panel 6 controls the motor 11 to drive the four screw rods 5 to rotate to adjust the distance between the upper polar plate 4 and the lower polar plate 10, and then the radio frequency generator is operated and controlled to start to perform superheated water-assisted radio frequency heating processing; meanwhile, optical fiber temperature measurement software in the computer 9 is started, and the computer optical fiber temperature measurement system C is controlled to measure the temperature of the material in real time.
(3) After the set treatment time is up, the sterilization is completed, the radio frequency generator is closed, the hot water circulating pump is closed, and the cold water circulating pump is opened; an operator clicks the next step through the first control panel 1, a first controller in the superheated water sterilization auxiliary system A controls the plate heat exchanger 21 to be opened, tap water is used for cooling pure water, meanwhile, the control valve 17 on the compressed air pipe 16 is opened to automatically release pressure of the sterilization kettle 12, the whole system is restored to normal pressure, and the system is automatically stopped after the normal pressure is reached; meanwhile, the related optical fiber temperature measurement software in the computer 9 is stopped, and the computer 9 automatically records the real-time temperature measurement data; the autoclave 12 is opened and the contents are taken out therefrom to measure the relevant index.
Beef is an important high-quality food resource, and is known as a meat jiao because of containing higher nutrient substances such as protein, amino acid and the like. The beef is also rich in minerals (potassium, zinc, magnesium, iron, etc.) and B vitamins. The protein content of the beef is more than 20 percent, the beef is composed of 8 amino acids necessary for human bodies, the proportion is balanced, and the beef can be almost completely absorbed and utilized by the human bodies after being ingested. The added value of beef in China is very low and is mostly a medium and low-end product, the added value of beef processing in developed countries is as high as 30-40%, and the added value of beef in China is only 3-4%. In the aspect of beef product processing, due to the limitation of regions, habits or cultural customs and the like, the traditional process has exposed a plurality of problems conflicting with the modern nutritional and health ideas, especially the processing process has serious defects to influence the development of beef products, and the process improvement through scientific means is urgently needed to continue the inheritance and development of the traditional beef products.
When the superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilization device is used for sterilizing the beef sausage obtained by the method, the method comprises the following operations:
the packaged sausages are placed into a sterilization kettle 12, the sterilization kettle is placed on a lower electrode plate 10, the distance between the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate is adjusted to be 165-200 mm through a second control panel 6, the sausage height is 65-85 mm, the sausage diameter is 25 +/-1 mm, the material height needs to be lower than the inner cavity height of the sterilization kettle 12 by 100mm, and when the sausages are sterilized in batches, the number of the sausages is 5-8; the temperature is adjusted to be 100-120 ℃ through the first control panel 1, the time is 0-30 min, the pressure of the sterilization kettle 12 is adjusted to be 1.5-3 bar, the temperature of cooling water is set to be 30-40 ℃, and a superheated water auxiliary radio frequency sterilization heating curve of the beef sausage is obtained. And (3) determining the sausage superheated water assisted radio frequency processing sterilization kinetics: obtaining an optimal temperature rise curve according to the steps, and carrying out a sterilization test when the temperature keeping time is 0, 10, 20 and 30min and the distance between the radio frequency polar plates is 180mm according to the conditions; comparing the effects of pure superheated water sterilization and superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilization, and measuring the inactivation rate of the superheated water. And (3) determining the sausage superheated water assisted radio frequency processing sterilization kinetics: obtaining an optimal temperature rise curve according to the steps, and carrying out a sterilization test when the temperature keeping time is 0, 10, 20 and 30min and the distance between the radio frequency polar plates is 180mm according to the conditions; comparing the effects of pure superheated water sterilization and superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilization, and measuring the inactivation rate of the superheated water.
Example 1 measurement of pure Water bath heating stability and heating Rate of radio frequency Sterilization auxiliary System
(1) Soaking 250g of beef without fat oil for 1-2 h (changing water once in the middle), adding 5g of chive, 5g of ginger and 10g of carrot, uniformly mixing, and stirring in a stirrer (at a high speed of 10s and a low speed of 30s) to obtain meat stuffing;
(2) taking out meat stuffing, adding 4g of salt, 5g of light soy sauce, 10g of wheat starch, 10g of corn starch, 10g of potato starch, 2g of essence and one egg (55 +/-1 g), mixing, standing for 30min, and filling with collagen casing;
(3) pricking a plurality of holes on the filled beef sausage with toothpicks, putting the beef sausage into a steamer to steam for 1h at the power of 80w (turning over every 20 min), quickly taking out the beef sausage after steaming, naturally cooling the beef sausage, packaging the beef sausage with a sterile plastic film, putting the beef sausage into a refrigerator, and preserving the beef sausage at the temperature of 4 ℃ for later use;
(4) the method adopts superheated water to assist the radio frequency sterilization device to sterilize the sausage, does not start a radio frequency generator in the sterilization process, and simply uses the superheated water to sterilize, and comprises the following operations:
the empty material container is placed in a sterilization kettle 12, the sterilization kettle 12 is placed on a lower electrode plate 10 of a radio frequency heating system B, the sterilization kettle 12 filled with the material is connected with a superheated water sterilization auxiliary system A through a high temperature resistant connecting pipe 2, and a temperature measurement optical fiber probe 7 is inserted into a material fixing position and is connected with a computer 9 through an optical fiber temperature measurement device 8 through a temperature measurement flange disc on the sterilization kettle 12. The distance (more than 165mm, enough to hold the sterilization kettle 12) between the upper electrode plate 4 and the lower electrode plate 10 is adjusted. The radio frequency generating device is not started, the parameters of the control panel 1 of the superheated water sterilization auxiliary system are set as 100, 110 and 120 ℃ heat preservation for 120s, and the temperature rise curve is recorded by the optical fiber temperature measuring system 8 and is shown in figure 3. The results show that: the superheated water sterilization auxiliary system A can rapidly and stably provide a constant-temperature water bath environment, and the sterilization kettle 12 has no air leakage and water leakage during use, and is stable and safe; the superheated water provided by the superheated water sterilization auxiliary system A can reach the set target temperature from normal temperature within 1min, is stable in the heat preservation stage (the temperature error is less than 1 ℃), and can be quickly reduced to the target temperature of 40 ℃ in the cooling stage for about 1 min.
Example 2 measurement of beef sausage superheated water-assisted radio frequency sterilization heating stability and heating rate
Placing the pretreated material in a sterilization kettle 12 according to the embodiment 1, starting a superheated water sterilization auxiliary system A and simultaneously starting a radio frequency generation device B1, adjusting the distance between an upper electrode plate 4 and a lower electrode plate 10 to be 165-200 mm, setting parameters of a control panel 1 of the superheated water sterilization auxiliary system to be 100, 110 and 120 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25min, and recording the temperature rise curve through a computer optical fiber temperature measurement system C. The test results show that: the distance between the upper electrode plate 4 and the lower electrode plate 10 is 180mm, the parameter of the control panel 1 of the superheated water sterilization auxiliary system is set to be 120 ℃, the temperature is kept for 25min, and when the height of the material is 85mm, the superheated water sterilization auxiliary system A is most stable and the temperature rise rate is high. The result is shown in fig. 4, in the temperature range (100, 110, 120 ℃) set by the control panel 1 of the superheated water sterilization auxiliary system, the superheated water auxiliary radio frequency (RF + SW) heating rate is obviously superior to the single Superheated Water (SW) heating rate, and in the temperature keeping time of 25min, the single superheated water cannot heat the material to reach the target temperature, wherein the temperature set by the radio frequency sterilization auxiliary system 1 is 120 ℃ with the best effect, and the superheated water auxiliary radio frequency heats the material to reach the target temperature within 820 s.
Example 3 superheated water-assisted radio frequency machining Sterilization kinetics assay
According to the optimal sterilization process conditions obtained in the embodiment 2, 100 mu L of Bacillus stearothermophilus spore suspension is injected into a beef sausage cold spot (10 mm away from the top end of the material) with the height of 85mm, the beef sausage is placed into the sterilization kettle 12 placed in the embodiment 2 after being packaged aseptically, and a sterilization test is carried out when the temperature of the control panel 1 of the superheated water sterilization auxiliary system is set to be 120 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0, 10, 20 and 30min, and the distance between the upper electrode plate 4 and the lower electrode plate 10 is 180 mm. The result is shown in fig. 5, when the temperature is lower than 110 ℃, the effect of superheated water combined with radio frequency sterilization is not obvious; when the temperature is 110-120 ℃, the sterilization effect is better along with the increase of the temperature; the superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilization effect is obviously superior to the single superheated water sterilization effect; when the temperature of the superheated water is 120 ℃, the heating time is 30min, the distance between the polar plates is 180mm, and the height of the material is 85mm, the maximum sterilization effect is achieved, and the inactivation rate is-2.0622.
Through tests, the sterilization effect is good under the conditions that the temperature of superheated water is 110-120 ℃, the heating time is 20-30 min, the 12-bar pressure of a sterilization kettle is 2-3 bar, the distance between an upper polar plate and a lower polar plate is 180-200 mm, and the height of a material is 80-90.
In conclusion, the invention combines radio frequency and superheated water sterilization, overcomes the defects of slow temperature rise in the geometric center and low sterilization efficiency of the traditional hot water sterilization mode, can sterilize time on the basis of ensuring heating uniformity, greatly improves heating efficiency, can enable the internal temperature of materials to reach an expected target in a shorter time so that the microbial indexes of food meet the national standard, and has important significance for particularly being suitable for the nutritive value and large-scale production of meat and sausage food with higher water content.
Claims (10)
1. A processing method of a sausage with superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilization is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing meat stuffing: firstly, soaking meat in water for 1-2 hours, and changing water in the middle for 1-2 times; adding a proper amount of side dish into the meat, uniformly mixing, putting into a stirrer, and stirring to prepare meat stuffing, wherein the high speed is 10-15 s, and the low speed is 25-40 s;
(2) preparing the meat stuffing into sausage: adding flavoring, starch and/or egg into the meat stuffing, mixing, standing, and filling into sausage with collagen casing;
(3) pricking a plurality of holes on the sausage casing, then putting the sausage casing into a steamer to steam for 1-1.5 h at the power of 80-90 w, turning over once every 20-25 min, naturally cooling the steamed sausage, and packaging;
(4) placing the packaged sausage into a closed sterilization kettle, and sterilizing the sausage in the sterilization kettle by adopting a combination mode of superheated water and radio frequency sterilization; wherein the temperature of the superheated water is 110-120 ℃, and the distance between an upper polar plate and a lower polar plate connected with the radio frequency generator is 180-200 mm; the heating time is 20-30 min, and the pressure of the sterilization kettle is 2-3 bar.
2. The processing method of the sausage with superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the meat in the step 1 is Qinchuan beef.
3. The processing method of the sausage with superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilization as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilization device is used for performing combined sterilization of the superheated water and the radio frequency sterilization on the sausage; the superheated water auxiliary radio frequency sterilization device comprises a superheated water sterilization auxiliary system, a radio frequency heating system and a computer optical fiber temperature measuring system; wherein:
the superheated water sterilization auxiliary system comprises a first control panel, a first controller, two high-temperature resistant pipes, a sterilization kettle, a tap water pipe, a pure water pipe, a water storage tank, a cold water circulating pump, a hot water circulating pump and an electric heater; an annular cavity is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall of the sterilization kettle, the two high-temperature resistant pipes are respectively connected with the annular cavity, the water storage tank and the annular cavity of the sterilization kettle are communicated through the pure water pipe to form a pure water pipe closed loop, and the pure water pipe is communicated with the annular cavity of the sterilization kettle through the two high-temperature resistant pipes; an electric heater for heating pure water is arranged in the water storage tank; the pure water pipes at the inlet and the outlet of the annular cavity of the sterilization kettle are respectively provided with a hot water circulating pump and a cold water circulating pump; the first control panel, the cold water circulating pump, the hot water circulating pump and the electric heater are all connected with a first controller;
the radio frequency heating system comprises a box body, a radio frequency generator, an upper polar plate, a lower polar plate, a second control panel and a second controller, wherein the lower polar plate is arranged at the bottom of the box body, the upper polar plate is arranged above the lower polar plate in parallel, and the radio frequency generator is connected with the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate; the sterilization kettle is placed on the lower polar plate; the radio frequency generator and the second control panel are connected with the second controller;
the computer optical fiber temperature measurement system comprises a temperature measurement flange plate, a temperature measurement optical fiber probe, an optical fiber temperature measurement device and a computer, wherein the temperature measurement flange plate is fixed on the sterilization kettle, the temperature measurement optical fiber probe is arranged in the temperature measurement flange plate, and the probe of the temperature measurement optical fiber probe penetrates through the inner wall of the sterilization kettle; the optical fiber of the temperature measuring optical fiber probe is connected with the optical fiber temperature measuring device.
4. The superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilization device according to claim 3, wherein in the superheated water sterilization auxiliary system, a plate heat exchanger is arranged on a pure water pipe between the cold water circulating pump and the water storage tank, and the other channel of the plate heat exchanger is connected with a tap water pipe; a temperature sensor is arranged on the pure water pipe between the plate heat exchanger and the sterilization kettle, and the temperature sensor and the plate heat exchanger are both connected with a first controller.
5. The superheated water-assisted radio frequency sterilization device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the two high temperature resistant pipes are further communicated with a compressed air pipe, and the input end of the compressed air pipe is connected with a compressor; a control valve and a pressure sensor are arranged on a compressed air pipe at the inlet of the annular cavity of the sterilization kettle, and the control valve and the pressure sensor are respectively connected with a first controller.
6. A superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the sterilizer is a cylindrical container, the upper cover and the bottom plate of the sterilizer are made of metal plates, and the material of the middle container is preferably polytetrafluoroethylene.
7. The superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilization device as claimed in claim 3, wherein a motor is arranged at the bottom of the box body of the radio frequency heating system, the motor is connected with the lower ends of four screw rods through gears, and the upper ends of the four screw rods are respectively connected with the upper electrode plate through threads; the motor is connected with the second controller, and the second controller controls the motor to start to drive the screw rod to rotate, so that the upper electrode plate is driven to move up and down relative to the lower electrode plate.
8. The superheated water-assisted radio frequency sterilization device as claimed in claim 3, wherein an electric heating fan is arranged at the bottom of the box body of the radio frequency heating system, and a plurality of blast holes are uniformly distributed on the lower electrode plate.
9. A superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in the step 4, the temperature of the pure water is 110 to 120 ℃, the heating time is 20 to 30min, the pressure of the sterilizer is 2 to 3bar, the distance between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate is 180 to 200mm, and the height of the material is 80 to 90 mm.
10. A superheated water assisted radio frequency sterilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in the step 4, the superheated water is heated for 30min at a temperature of 120 ℃, the distance between the plates is 180mm, and the height of the material is 85 mm.
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