CN112867139B - Method, equipment, system and medium for rapid random access in paging scene - Google Patents

Method, equipment, system and medium for rapid random access in paging scene Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112867139B
CN112867139B CN202110320316.9A CN202110320316A CN112867139B CN 112867139 B CN112867139 B CN 112867139B CN 202110320316 A CN202110320316 A CN 202110320316A CN 112867139 B CN112867139 B CN 112867139B
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terminal
random access
base station
paging
paging message
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CN112867139A (en
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洪建武
刘彬
邢聃
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Jiangsu Hengxin Technology Co Ltd
Jiangsu Hengxin Wireless Technology Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Hengxin Technology Co Ltd
Jiangsu Hengxin Wireless Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/004—Synchronisation arrangements compensating for timing error of reception due to propagation delay
    • H04W56/0045—Synchronisation arrangements compensating for timing error of reception due to propagation delay compensating for timing error by altering transmission time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W68/00—User notification, e.g. alerting and paging, for incoming communication, change of service or the like
    • H04W68/005—Transmission of information for alerting of incoming communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/004—Transmission of channel access control information in the uplink, i.e. towards network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/006—Transmission of channel access control information in the downlink, i.e. towards the terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method, equipment, a system and a medium for rapid random access in paging scene, which can greatly reduce the access time delay of a terminal and avoid access conflict, and the method comprises the following steps: the base station pages the terminal equipment in the idle state, judges whether the terminal is a fixed type terminal, if so, sends a paging message to the terminal, wherein the paging message comprises a quick random access resource; the terminal equipment receives the paging message, detects whether the base station initiates a quick random access process through the paging message, and sends an RRC establishment request message MSG3 to the base station by using quick random access resources in the paging message; the base station receives the RRC establishment request message MSG3, establishes RRC connection, and sends an RRC establishment message MSG4.

Description

Method, equipment, system and medium for rapid random access in paging scene
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of wireless communications, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, and a system for fast random access in a paging scenario.
Background
In 4G and 5G wireless communication systems, a terminal device must undergo a random access procedure in order to access the network. The most important role of random access is to realize the initial uplink synchronization between the terminal and the base station, the second is to allocate a unique identifier C-RNTI (Cell-Radio Network Temporary Identifier, cell radio network temporary identifier) to the terminal, and the third is to allocate UL Grant (uplink scheduling Grant) for transmitting the first uplink scheduling data to the terminal.
In 4G and 5G wireless communication systems, random access is typically performed as follows (fig. 1):
step 101: the terminal sends a random access preamble (Random Access Preamble, also called MSG 1) to the base station requesting access.
Step 102: the base station sends a random access response message (Random Access Response, also called MSG 2) to the terminal, carrying an initial time adjustment command (Timing Advance Command), a Temporary cell-radio network Temporary identity (Temporary C-RNTI) and UL Grant.
Step 103: the terminal sends the first scheduled transmission (Scheduled Transmission, also called MSG 3) on the UL Grant resource.
Step 104: in the contention random access scenario, if the base station detects a random access collision, a contention resolution message (Contention Resolution, also referred to as MSG 4) is issued for collision resolution.
For the terminal in idle state, if there is downlink data to be sent to the terminal, the network side needs to broadcast paging message, and after receiving paging message for itself, the terminal initiates random access procedure. In 4G and 5G wireless communication systems, the paging procedure of the prior art is shown in fig. 2:
step 201: the network transmits paging messages in a plurality of cells within a certain range, including terminal identification IDs.
Step 202: the terminal receives the paging message, detects that the identification ID is matched with the terminal itself, and sends the random access MSG1 in the cell where the terminal resides.
Step 203: and the base station sends MSG2 to the terminal, and the MSG2 carries an uplink wireless resource Grant (UL Grant) and an uplink synchronization time adjustment value TA.
Step 204: and the terminal sends an RRC establishment request message MSG3 by using the uplink authorization allocated in MSG 2.
Step 205: the base station receives the MSG3, allocates various radio resources to the terminal, and replies an RRC setup message (MSG 4).
In a practical network, however, the end user is active in a small area most of the time, such as around an office building substantially every day after a large number of users enter the office building every morning. And the Internet of things terminal with fixed positions is arranged, so that the positions of the terminals cannot be moved after the terminals are installed. In the two types of scenarios listed above, the wireless environment in which the terminal is located is basically unchanged, and the absolute TA (timing advance) adjustment amount of uplink synchronization of the terminal and the base station is basically unchanged. In the scenario that the terminal does not move basically, when the network needs to page the terminal in the idle state, if messages of MSG1 to MSG4 are executed according to a normal flow, the time delay of terminal access is longer.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method, equipment, a system and a medium for rapid random access in a paging scene, which can greatly reduce the access time delay of a terminal and avoid access conflict.
The technical scheme is as follows: a method for fast random access in a paging scenario, comprising:
the base station pages the terminal equipment in the idle state, judges whether the terminal is a fixed type terminal, if so, sends a paging message to the terminal, wherein the paging message comprises a quick random access resource;
the terminal equipment receives the paging message, detects whether the base station initiates a quick random access process through the paging message, and sends an RRC establishment request message MSG3 to the base station by using quick random access resources in the paging message;
the base station receives the RRC establishment request message MSG3, establishes RRC connection, and sends an RRC establishment message MSG4.
Further, the fast random access resource includes a historical TA absolute adjustment amount of the terminal, a C-RNTI allocated by the base station, a UL Grant and a fast random access identifier.
Further, the detecting whether the base station initiates the fast random access procedure through the paging message, and sending the RRC establishment request message MSG3 to the base station by using the fast random access resource in the paging message specifically includes: the terminal equipment receives the paging message, detects whether the paging message contains the fast random access identifier, if so, judges the fast random access process, performs uplink synchronous adjustment by using the historical TA absolute adjustment amount of the terminal in the paging message, scrambles the C-RNTI in the paging message on the UL Grant in the paging message, and sends the RRC establishment request message MSG3.
Further, the determining whether the terminal is a fixed type terminal specifically includes the following steps:
for a terminal in an idle state, the terminal has been RRC connected with a base station, and during connection of the terminal with the base station, the base station stores terminal information including: unique identification allocated to the terminal, TA absolute adjustment amount, and channel quality;
updating the TA absolute adjustment quantity and the channel quality of the terminal in real time;
after the terminal and the base station are disconnected with each other, the base station continuously stores the terminal information in a set storage time period, and after the storage time period is exceeded, the base station deletes the terminal information;
when the base station receives the paging request, the terminal is searched in the base station according to the unique identifier of the terminal, and if the terminal is found, the terminal is judged to be a fixed type terminal.
A fast random access network device in a paging scenario, comprising:
and a judging module: the terminal is used for judging whether the terminal is a fixed type terminal or not, and if the terminal is the fixed type terminal, the first sending module is started to send paging information;
the distribution module: the method is used for acquiring the fast random access resource;
a first sending module: for transmitting a paging message containing the fast random access resource to the terminal device;
a first receiving module: and the method is used for receiving the RRC establishment request message MSG3, establishing RRC connection and sending the RRC establishment message MSG4.
Further, the judging module includes:
a terminal information unit configured to, for a terminal in an idle state, establish an RRC connection with a base station before the terminal is transferred to the idle state, and during connection of the terminal with the base station, the base station stores terminal information including: unique identification allocated to the terminal, TA absolute adjustment amount, and channel quality;
an update storage unit configured to update the TA absolute adjustment amount and the channel quality of the terminal in real time;
the storage unit is configured to enable the base station to continuously store the terminal information in a set storage duration after the terminal and the base station are disconnected with each other, and delete the terminal information after the storage duration is exceeded;
a determination unit: and the base station is configured to search the terminal in the base station according to the unique identifier of the terminal when the base station receives the paging request, and if the terminal is found, the terminal is judged to be a fixed type terminal.
A terminal device for fast random access in a paging scenario, comprising:
and the second receiving module is used for receiving the paging message sent by the network equipment, detecting the paging message, and judging the paging message to be a fast random access process if the paging message contains fast random access resources.
And the second sending module is used for sending an RRC establishment request message MSG3 by using the fast random access resource in the paging message when the second receiving module judges that the fast random access process is performed.
Further, the fast random access resource includes a historical TA absolute adjustment amount of the terminal, a C-RNTI allocated by the base station, an UL Grant and a fast random access identifier, the terminal device receives the paging message, detects whether the paging message includes the fast random access identifier, if so, determines that the paging message is a fast random access process, performs uplink synchronization adjustment by using the historical TA absolute adjustment amount of the terminal in the paging message, scrambles the C-RNTI in the paging message on the UL Grant in the paging message, and sends an RRC establishment request message MSG3.
A system for rapid random access in paging scene comprises the network device and the terminal device.
The network equipment is used for judging whether the terminal is a fixed type terminal or not, and if the terminal is the fixed type terminal, the network equipment sends a paging message containing the fast random access resource to the terminal equipment;
the terminal equipment is used for receiving the paging message containing the fast random access resource, and if the paging message is judged to be the fast random access process, the terminal equipment sends an RRC establishment request message MSG3 to the network equipment;
the network device receives the RRC establishment request message MSG3, establishes RRC connection with the terminal device, and sends an RRC establishment message MSG4.
A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a program which when executed by a processor performs a method of fast random access in a paging scenario as described above.
In the invention, aiming at the situation that most of the time of a terminal user existing in an actual network is active in a very small range and the other type of fixed-position Internet of things terminal is basically unchanged for the wireless environment where the terminal is located, the TA absolute adjustment quantity of uplink synchronization of the terminal and a base station is basically unchanged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a random access procedure of a conventional wireless communication system;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a paging random access procedure of a conventional wireless communication system;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of a fast random access method in a paging scenario according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fixed type terminal determination flow in the method of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of a network device according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of a judging module of a network device according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of a terminal device according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a block diagram of a communication system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fast random access method in a paging scenario, including the steps of:
301: when receiving a paging request initiated by a core network or the inside, a base station judges whether a terminal in an idle state is a fixed type terminal, and for the fixed type terminal, the base station stores terminal information of the terminal when the terminal is accessed last time, wherein the terminal information comprises a unique identifier, a TA absolute adjustment amount and channel quality which are distributed to the terminal, so that the base station distributes a C-RNTI and an UL Grant to the terminal to be paged, and adds a historical TA absolute adjustment amount of the terminal, the C-RNTI, the UL Grant and a quick random access identifier distributed by the base station into a paging message to send the paging message to the terminal;
302: the terminal equipment receives the paging message, detects whether the paging message contains a quick random access identifier, if so, judges the quick random access process, performs uplink synchronous adjustment by using the historical TA absolute adjustment amount of the terminal in the paging message, scrambles on the UL Grant by using the C-RNTI in the paging message, and sends an RRC establishment request message MSG3;
303: and the base station receives the RRC establishment request message MSG3, establishes RRC connection, and sends the RRC establishment message MSG4 to complete the rapid random access.
In this embodiment, the method specifically includes the following steps of:
401: after the terminal and the base station establish the RRC connection for the first time, the terminal information is stored, and the terminal information comprises: unique identification allocated to the terminal, TA adjustment amount, and channel quality;
402: updating TA adjustment quantity and channel quality of the terminal in real time;
403: after the terminal and the base station are disconnected with each other, the base station continuously stores the terminal information in a set storage time period, and after the storage time period is exceeded, the base station deletes the terminal information;
404: when the base station receives the paging request, the terminal is searched in the base station according to the unique identifier of the terminal, and if the terminal is found, the terminal is judged to be a fixed type terminal.
In this embodiment, the unique identifier allocated by the terminal adopts a terminal temporary identifier NG-5G-S-TMSI, which is only illustrated herein, and may also take other forms in specific implementation, but the meaning of the representation is not changed.
For the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fast random access resource can be added in the existing protocol, such as 3GPP TS 38.331 paging message, including but not limited to the following information:
fast random access identification: the terminal is instructed to perform fast random access in the camping cell.
C-RNTI: indicating the unique identity assigned to the terminal at the camping cell.
Absolute adjustment amount of TA: and indicating the initial uplink synchronization time adjustment quantity when the terminal performs the fast random access in the resident cell.
UL Grant: and when the terminal is instructed to execute the fast random access in the resident cell, the uplink resource of the MSG3 is sent.
The method provided by the embodiment of the invention is not limited to the 3GPP TS 38.331 protocol, is only exemplified here, and can also take other forms in specific implementation, but the meaning of representation is unchanged.
Referring to fig. 5, in an embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided a network device for fast random access in a paging scenario, including:
the judging module 501: for judging whether the terminal is a fixed type terminal, if so, starting the first sending module 503 to send a paging message;
the allocation module 502: the method is used for acquiring the fast random access resource;
first transmitting module 503: for transmitting a paging message containing the fast random access resource to the terminal device;
the first receiving module 504: and the method is used for receiving the RRC establishment request message MSG3, establishing RRC connection and sending the RRC establishment message MSG4.
Referring to fig. 6, the judging module 501 includes:
a terminal information unit 501A configured to, for a terminal in the idle state, establish an RRC connection with a base station before the terminal goes to the idle state, and during connection between the terminal and the base station, the base station stores terminal information including: unique identification allocated to the terminal, TA absolute adjustment amount, and channel quality;
an update storage unit 501B configured to update the TA absolute adjustment amount and the channel quality of the terminal in real time;
a storage unit 501C, configured to, after the terminal and the base station are disconnected from each other, enable the base station to continue to store the terminal information within a set storage duration, and delete the terminal information after the storage duration is exceeded;
determination section 501D: and the base station is configured to search the terminal in the base station according to the unique identifier of the terminal when the base station receives the paging request, and if the terminal is found, the terminal is judged to be a fixed type terminal.
Referring to fig. 7, in an embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided a terminal device for fast random access in a paging scenario, including:
the second receiving module 601 is configured to receive a paging message sent by a network device, detect the paging message, and determine that the paging message is a fast random access procedure if the paging message includes a fast random access resource.
The second sending module 602 is configured to send an RRC establishment request message MSG3 by using the fast random access resource in the paging message when the second receiving module determines that the second receiving module is in the fast random access procedure.
Specifically, the quick random access resource includes a historical TA absolute adjustment amount of the terminal, a C-RNTI allocated by the base station, an UL Grant and a quick random access identifier, the terminal equipment receives a paging message, detects whether the paging message contains the quick random access identifier, if so, judges that the quick random access resource is a quick random access process, performs uplink synchronous adjustment by using the historical TA absolute adjustment amount of the terminal in the paging message, scrambles the C-RNTI in the paging message on the UL Grant in the paging message, and sends an RRC establishment request message MSG3.
Referring to fig. 8, in an embodiment of the present invention, a system for fast random access in a paging scenario is further provided, including the above-mentioned network device 701 and the above-mentioned terminal device 702.
In an embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided a computer readable storage medium having a program stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, implements a method for fast random access in a paging scenario as described above.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the invention may be provided as a method, a computer device, or a computer program product. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of the invention may take the form of a computer program product on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, computer apparatus, or computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart and/or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart.
The foregoing has described in detail the application of a method, terminal, base station, system, and computer readable storage medium for fast random access in paging scenarios provided by the present invention, and specific examples have been applied herein to illustrate the principles and implementations of the present invention, where the above description of the examples is only for aiding in the understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present invention, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention in view of the above.

Claims (4)

1. A method for fast random access in a paging scenario, comprising:
the base station pages the terminal equipment in the idle state, judges whether the terminal is a fixed type terminal, if so, sends a paging message to the terminal, wherein the paging message comprises a quick random access resource;
the terminal equipment receives the paging message, detects whether the base station initiates a quick random access process through the paging message, and sends an RRC establishment request message MSG3 to the base station by using quick random access resources in the paging message;
the base station receives the RRC establishment request message MSG3, establishes RRC connection and sends an RRC establishment message MSG4;
the judging whether the terminal is a fixed type terminal or not specifically comprises the following steps:
for a terminal in an idle state, the terminal has been RRC connected with a base station, and during connection of the terminal with the base station, the base station stores terminal information including: unique identification allocated to the terminal, TA absolute adjustment amount, and channel quality;
updating the TA absolute adjustment quantity and the channel quality of the terminal in real time;
after the terminal and the base station are disconnected with each other, the base station continuously stores the terminal information in a set storage time period, and after the storage time period is exceeded, the base station deletes the terminal information;
when the base station receives the paging request, searching the terminal in the base station according to the unique identifier of the terminal, and judging as a fixed type terminal if the terminal is found;
the fast random access resource comprises a historical TA absolute adjustment amount of the terminal, a C-RNTI distributed by a base station, an UL Grant and a fast random access identifier;
the terminal equipment receives the paging message, detects whether the paging message contains the fast random access identifier, if so, judges the fast random access process, performs uplink synchronous adjustment by using the historical TA absolute adjustment amount of the terminal in the paging message, scrambles the C-RNTI in the paging message on the UL Grant in the paging message, and sends the RRC establishment request message MSG3.
2. A network device for fast random access in a paging scenario, characterized by: comprising the following steps:
and a judging module: the terminal is used for judging whether the terminal is a fixed type terminal or not, and if the terminal is the fixed type terminal, the first sending module is started to send paging information;
the distribution module: the method is used for acquiring the fast random access resource;
a first sending module: for transmitting a paging message containing the fast random access resource to the terminal device;
a first receiving module: the method comprises the steps of receiving an RRC establishment request message MSG3, establishing RRC connection, and sending an RRC establishment message MSG4;
the judging module comprises:
a terminal information unit configured to, for a terminal in an idle state, establish an RRC connection with a base station before the terminal is transferred to the idle state, and during connection of the terminal with the base station, the base station stores terminal information including: unique identification allocated to the terminal, TA absolute adjustment amount, and channel quality;
an update storage unit configured to update the TA absolute adjustment amount and the channel quality of the terminal in real time;
the storage unit is configured to enable the base station to continuously store the terminal information in a set storage duration after the terminal and the base station are disconnected with each other, and delete the terminal information after the storage duration is exceeded;
a determination unit: the base station is configured to search the terminal in the base station according to the unique identifier of the terminal when the base station receives the paging request, and if the terminal is found, the terminal is judged to be a fixed type terminal;
the fast random access resource comprises a historical TA absolute adjustment amount of the terminal, a C-RNTI distributed by a base station, a ULMART and a fast random access identifier;
the terminal equipment receives the paging message, detects whether the paging message contains the fast random access identifier, if so, judges the fast random access process, performs uplink synchronous adjustment by using the historical TA absolute adjustment amount of the terminal in the paging message, scrambles the C-RNTI in the paging message on the UL Grant in the paging message, and sends the RRC establishment request message MSG3.
3. A system for fast random access in a paging scenario, comprising the network device of claim 2 and a terminal device, the terminal device comprising:
the second receiving module is used for receiving paging information sent by the network equipment, detecting the paging information, and judging the paging information to be a fast random access process if the paging information contains fast random access resources;
the second sending module is configured to send an RRC establishment request message MSG3 by using the fast random access resource in the paging message when the second receiving module determines that the second receiving module is in the fast random access procedure;
the quick random access resource comprises a historical TA absolute adjustment amount of the terminal, a C-RNTI distributed by a base station, ULMART and a quick random access identifier, the terminal equipment receives paging information, detects whether the paging information contains the quick random access identifier, if so, judges that the quick random access resource is a quick random access process, performs uplink synchronous adjustment by using the historical TA absolute adjustment amount of the terminal in the paging information, scrambles the C-RNTI in the paging information on the UL Grant in the paging information, and sends an RRC establishment request message MSG3.
4. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a program which when executed by a processor implements a method of fast random access in a paging scenario according to claim 1.
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