CN112862793A - Rib center line extraction method and device based on rib three-dimensional shape and distribution - Google Patents
Rib center line extraction method and device based on rib three-dimensional shape and distribution Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 26
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- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 208000027790 Rib fracture Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rib center line extraction method and device based on rib three-dimensional shape and distribution. The method at least comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of carrying out area division on a rib mask according to rib morphology prior, extracting the central point of each area, connecting the central points to serve as a thick central line, and carrying out smoothing operation on the obtained thick central line to obtain a smooth rib central line. The method does not need three-dimensional reconstruction or surface extraction, has higher speed than an algorithm for extracting a surface model, well solves the problem of bending, is not limited by factors such as rib fracture and the like, ensures that the extraction result of the center line of the rib is smoother, and can be better favorable for the subsequent rib tiling process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of image technical processing, and particularly relates to a rib central line extraction method and device based on rib morphology prior.
Background
Computed Tomography (CT) is the main method for diagnosing rib fractures, and at present, the conventional rib CT diagnosis is mainly two-dimensional, and the three-dimensional image positioning is assisted. However, in the process of rib fracture diagnosis, the conventional two-dimensional method usually requires manual tracking of a plurality of CT slices, and repeated observation of a plurality of CT cross sections is performed, so as to track the dynamic change of each rib on different slices, thereby increasing the difficulty of diagnosis for doctors, being time-consuming and highly subjective and easy to miss diagnosis. Compared with two-dimensional CT, the three-dimensional CT imaging makes the original plane image become three-dimensional, and can observe the whole condition of the rib, but because the cage-shaped structure of the rib is easy to be shielded, some small fracture focuses are easy to be missed for diagnosis by the traditional three-dimensional method.
The three-dimensional tiling of the ribs, namely tiling the ribs from a three-dimensional cage-shaped structure to a plane, can realize the display of the form details of each rib on the plane, so that the rib display is more visual, the visualization of the unfolded ribs is enhanced, and the accuracy and the diagnosis efficiency of rib fracture diagnosis of doctors are greatly improved. In the rib tiling process, the center line of the rib needs to be relied on for the deformation of the voxel of the rib, and in the process, the extraction of the center line of the rib is crucial.
At present, the rib central line extraction related technologies are few, and the central line extraction mainly focuses on three-dimensional reconstruction with slow speed or on the surface trend of the ribs. The extraction of the surface of the rib consumes a large amount of calculation, the extraction of the surface of the rib is easily affected by the conditions of fracture and the like, and the existing algorithm is often easy to extract a central line with a large number of bends and needs to rely on post-processing calculation for smoothing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a rib center line extraction method based on the three-dimensional shape and distribution of the rib, which has the advantages that the speed is higher than that of an algorithm for extracting a surface model, the bending problem is well solved, the method is not limited by factors such as rib fracture and the like, the rib center line extraction result is ensured to be smoother, and the subsequent rib tiling process can be better facilitated.
The rib center line extraction method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
according to the rib morphology prior, carrying out region division on a rib mask;
extracting the central point of each area and connecting the central points to form a thick central line;
and smoothing the obtained thick central line to ensure the smoothness of the finally obtained central line.
In the preferred embodiment, before the rib mask is divided into regions, the three-dimensional ribmask needs to be converted into two-dimensional ribslice.
In a preferred embodiment, the transformation of a three-dimensional ribmask into a two-dimensional ribslice is performed according to the following formula, wherein a rib segmentation map ribmask (rib region value is 1, and non-rib region value is 0) of the chest CT image is obtained by a segmentation algorithm, and for each individual rib, the size of the rib is height width depth corresponding to the coordinates y, x and z. Wherein, the height corresponds to the direction from the chest to the spine, the width corresponds to the left-right direction of the human body, the depth corresponds to the direction from the head to the feet, and the coordinate system takes the upper left corner of one CT scan as the origin. And carrying out ribmask stacking according to the axial direction of the lying position of the patient, and converting the three-dimensional ribmask into a two-dimensional ribslice.
In a preferred scheme, the regional division of the rib mask is carried out according to the following steps: the center point ribtester of ribslice is extracted. And converting the cartesian coordinates of a point ribpoint in each rib on ribslice, namely the point with the value of 1, into polar coordinates by taking ribtester as a center, and obtaining the angular relationship of each point ribpoint with respect to ribtester. From 0 to 360 degrees per n degrees into one group, where n is any number of degrees in the range of 1-20, preferably 6, all ribpoints are divided into groups, called ribsegments, located in the rib region.
The method for extracting the center point ribber of ribslice comprises the following steps: and respectively finding the minimum value and the maximum value on the x axis and the y axis through the coordinate relation, extracting a circumscribed rectangle wrapping the ribslice rib region, and solving a central point ribcenter of the rectangle.
In a preferred embodiment, the specific operation of extracting the center point of each region and connecting them together as a thick center line is: the set formed by calculating the mean value of the cartesian coordinates inside each rib segment (calculating the mean values of the coordinates in the x direction and the y direction, respectively) is the rough center line of the rib.
In a preferred embodiment, the smoothing operation on the rough center line adopts a Moving Average method.
The Moving Average method specifically comprises the following operations: the thick center line of the rib is smoothed in a sliding window mode, the step length of the sliding window is 1, and the window width is the center point of 7 continuous ribsegments. And for each coordinate point p, taking the average value of 7 central points of 3 coordinate points and p before and after the coordinate point p as the smoothed central point of p.
The second aspect of the invention also provides a computer apparatus comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory. Wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the rib centerline extraction method based on the three-dimensional shape and distribution of the ribs.
The third aspect of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the rib centerline extraction method based on the three-dimensional shape and distribution of the ribs.
The fourth aspect of the present invention further provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the rib centerline extraction method based on the three-dimensional shape and distribution of the ribs.
The rib central line extraction method based on rib morphology prior provided by the invention has the following outstanding technical effects:
1. the method is different from the situation that the efficiency of extracting the rib center line is slow due to the fact that a large number of processes such as slow-speed three-dimensional reconstruction or surface extraction are depended on, the rib center line extraction algorithm based on the rib three-dimensional shape and distribution does not need to perform three-dimensional reconstruction or surface extraction, and the rib center line can be extracted fast.
2. The center line smoothing method based on the sliding window performs smoothing adjustment on the extracted center line, avoids the situation that the extracted center line has burrs or is not smooth, and is beneficial to the subsequent rib tiling process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an effect diagram of a crescent rib plane
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the effect of rib region segmentation according to the method of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a diagram of rib centerline effects extracted according to the method of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the effect of rib centerline extraction
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise below, all technical and scientific terms used herein are intended to have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Reference to the techniques used herein is intended to refer to those techniques commonly understood in the art, including those variations of or alternatives to those techniques that would be apparent to those skilled in the art. While the following terms are believed to be well understood by those skilled in the art, the following definitions are set forth to better explain the present invention.
As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "has," "containing," or "involving," and other variations thereof herein, are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional unrecited elements or method steps.
Where an indefinite or definite article is used when referring to a singular noun e.g. "a" or "an", "the", this includes a plural of that noun.
The terms "about" and "substantially" in the present invention denote an interval of accuracy that can be understood by a person skilled in the art, which still guarantees the technical effect of the feature in question. The term generally denotes a deviation of ± 10%, preferably ± 5%, from the indicated value.
Furthermore, the terms first, second, third, (a), (b), (c), and the like in the description and in the claims, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in other sequences than described or illustrated herein.
The algorithm provided by the invention extracts the central line of each rib based on the mask for rib segmentation. The ribs are relatively fixed in three-dimensional form, each rib wraps the lung in a crescent shape, and the ribs surround the central axis region with the center being the lung. Based on the fixed shape prior, a coordinate system can be established by taking the centers of the left lung and the right lung as reference points, and the coordinate of each point of the rib mask is converted into a polar coordinate. The rib can be split into different areas according to the angular relationship of the rib in the converted polar coordinates. And extracting the central point of each region, and connecting the central points in series to obtain an initial central line. The points of the centerline are then smoothed.
The following are specific examples.
The rib center line extraction method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out region division on a rib mask according to rib morphology prior; subsequently, the center point of each region is extracted and connected as a thick center line; and finally, smoothing the obtained thick central line to ensure the smoothness of the finally obtained central line.
First, a rib segmentation map ribmask (rib region value is 1, non-rib region value is 0) of a chest CT image is obtained by using a segmentation algorithm. For each individual rib, its size is height width depth, corresponding to the coordinates y, x, z. Wherein, the height corresponds to the direction from the chest to the spine, the width corresponds to the left-right direction of the human body, the depth corresponds to the direction from the head to the feet, and the coordinate system takes the upper left corner of one CT scan as the origin. And carrying out ribmask stacking according to the axial direction of the lying position of the patient, and converting the three-dimensional ribmask into a two-dimensional ribslice.
The effect of the crescent rib plane is shown in fig. 1.
And secondly, dividing rib regions, extracting the central point of each region and connecting the central points as a thick central line.
Centerline point extraction is performed on the ribslice image acquired in the first step, and the morphological prior of the crescent shape of the ribslice is fully used. First, the center point of ribslice is extracted. And respectively finding the minimum value and the maximum value on the x axis and the y axis through the coordinate relation, extracting a circumscribed rectangle wrapping the ribslice rib region, and solving a central point ribcenter of the rectangle. Subsequently, the cartesian coordinates of the point ribpoint in each rib on ribslice, i.e., the point with the value of 1, are converted into polar coordinates with ribtester as the center, and the angular relationship of each point ribpoint with ribtester is obtained. From 0 to 360 degrees, one group at every 6 degrees, all ribpoints are divided into a plurality of groups, namely ribsegments (the groups located in the rib region are called ribsegments). The set formed by solving the mean value of the cartesian coordinates (respectively solving the mean values of the coordinates in the x direction and the y direction) inside each ribsegment is the thick central line of the rib. The rib region division result is shown in fig. 2, where the gray lines are division lines, and the regions between the lines are division regions.
And thirdly, smoothing the rough center line obtained in the second step.
The thick center line of the rib is smoothed in a sliding window mode, the step length of the sliding window is 1, and the window width is the center point of 7 continuous ribsegments. And for each coordinate point p, taking the average value of 7 central points of 3 coordinate points and p before and after the coordinate point p as the smoothed central point of p. And finally obtaining a smooth central line extraction result by adjusting the extracted central line.
In order to obtain a smoother center line and prevent burrs from occurring when the ribs are tiled or jump points from occurring in the rib MPR tracking process, the algorithm adjusts the extracted center line by using a Moving Average method, the final center line extraction effect is shown in fig. 3, wherein color change represents coordinate change, and the center line in the figure does not have points with unsmooth change, such as burr points, and the like, and can be used for realizing subsequent MPR and rib tiling.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the effect of extracting partial rib center lines, wherein the white areas are rib plan views and the black marks are extracted rib center lines. It can be seen that the center line of the rib extracted by the method is smoother.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the exemplary embodiments described herein may be implemented by software, or by software in combination with necessary hardware. The figures are only functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically separate entities. I.e. these functional entities may be implemented in the form of software, or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different networks and/or processor means and/or microcontroller means. Therefore, the technical solution according to the embodiment of the present invention can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which can be a CD-ROM, a usb disk, a removable hard disk, etc.) or on a network, and includes several instructions to enable a computing device (which can be a personal computer, a server, a touch terminal, or a network device, etc.) to execute the method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
It should also be understood that the above-mentioned detailed description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for extracting a rib central line based on rib morphology prior is characterized by comprising the following steps:
according to the rib morphology prior, carrying out region division on a rib mask;
extracting the central point of each area and connecting the central points to form a thick central line;
and performing smoothing operation on the obtained thick central line to obtain a smooth rib central line.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the operation of converting a three-dimensional ribmask to a two-dimensional ribslice before regionalizing the rib mask.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein converting a three-dimensional ribmask to a two-dimensional ribslice is performed according to the following equation: obtaining a rib segmentation map ribmask of the chest CT image by utilizing a segmentation algorithm, wherein the rib region value is 1, the non-rib region value is 0, for each single rib, the size is height, width and depth, corresponding to coordinates y, x and z, ribmask stacking is carried out according to the axial direction of the lying patient, the three-dimensional ribmask is converted into a two-dimensional ribslice,
4. the method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the step of regionalizing the rib mask is performed by: extracting a central point ribtester of the ribslice, converting a point ribpoint in each rib on the ribslice, namely a Cartesian coordinate of a point with a value of 1, into a polar coordinate by taking the ribtester as a center, obtaining an angular relationship of each point ribpoint with respect to the ribtester, dividing all ribpoints into a plurality of groups from 0 to 360 degrees every n degrees, wherein the group positioned in a rib region is called ribsegments, and n is any number of degrees in a range of 1-20, and preferably, the extracting method of the central point ribtester of the ribslice is comprises the following steps: and respectively finding the minimum value and the maximum value on the x axis and the y axis through the coordinate relation, extracting a circumscribed rectangle wrapping the ribslice rib region, and solving a central point ribcenter of the rectangle.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein n is preferably 6.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the specific operation of extracting the center point of each region and connecting them together as a thick center line is: and respectively solving the mean values of the coordinates in the x direction and the y direction, wherein a set formed by solving the mean values of the Cartesian coordinates in each rib segment is the thick central line of the rib.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the smoothing operation on the obtained rough center line adopts a Moving Average method, and preferably, the Moving Average method specifically operates as follows: smoothing the thick center line of the rib in a sliding window mode, wherein the step length of the sliding window is 1, the window width is the center point of 7 continuous ribsegments, and for each coordinate point p, the average value of the front and back 3 coordinate points and p of the coordinate point p is taken as the center point after p smoothing.
8. A computer apparatus, device or system comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method of any one of claims 1-7.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that the computer program realizes the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 7 when executed by a processor.
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Address after: Room 3011, 2nd Floor, Building A, No. 1092 Jiangnan Road, Nanmingshan Street, Liandu District, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, 323000 Applicant after: Zhejiang Yizhun Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: Guangxi Yizhun Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 1106, 11 / F, Weishi building, No.39 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing Applicant before: Beijing Yizhun Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd. Applicant before: Guangxi Yizhun Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd. |
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