CN112859223A - Surface-corrugated mechanical composite grating system and tuning method - Google Patents
Surface-corrugated mechanical composite grating system and tuning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112859223A CN112859223A CN202110095369.5A CN202110095369A CN112859223A CN 112859223 A CN112859223 A CN 112859223A CN 202110095369 A CN202110095369 A CN 202110095369A CN 112859223 A CN112859223 A CN 112859223A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1828—Diffraction gratings having means for producing variable diffraction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/44—Grating systems; Zone plate systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1847—Manufacturing methods
- G02B5/1857—Manufacturing methods using exposure or etching means, e.g. holography, photolithography, exposure to electron or ion beams
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Abstract
A surface-corrugated mechanical composite grating system and a tuning method thereof comprise: two gratings, laser source, centre gripping adjusting device and screen, wherein: the laser source and the screen are respectively arranged on two sides of the clamping and adjusting device, the clamping and adjusting device respectively clamps two ends of the two gratings, and the geometric parameters of a single grating are adjusted through stretching in a single direction and/or the relative angles of the two gratings are adjusted through translation and/or rotation to tune and compound, so that the diffraction patterns are adjusted and controlled to realize optical encryption. The invention dynamically adjusts and encrypts the diffraction pattern of the light source by changing the geometric parameters of the single folded grating and the combination parameters of the composite grating such as the included angle, and the like, and the adjusting signal can be input by using force, light, heat and the like, and the device has simple preparation process, cheap assembly and flexible adjustment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of micro-nano folded functional surfaces, in particular to a mechanical tuning type surface folded composite grating system and a tuning method thereof.
Background
The manufacturing method of the grating device mainly comprises mechanical scribing, photoelectric scribing, a copying method, holographic scribing and the like. The periodic structural parameters of rigid devices are difficult to adjust after fabrication, limiting their light handling capabilities. The period tunable diffraction grating manufactured by using the flexible material has the advantages of light weight, low cost, simplicity in operation and the like, and a novel technical scheme can be provided for dynamic modulation of the directivity of the light beam. The existing manufacturing method of the flexible two-dimensional corrugated grating obtains a two-dimensional checkerboard corrugated pattern through multiple selective area exposure, thereby obtaining a two-dimensional diffraction pattern. The disadvantages of this method are: after the manufacturing is finished, the two-dimensional patterns are relatively fixed, the relative relation of diffraction patterns in two directions is not easy to adjust, the preparation method needs to carry out multiple exposure, and the preparation process is complex, so that the preparation method is difficult to apply to dynamic regulation and control of optical signals.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a surface-corrugated mechanical composite grating system and a tuning method, wherein a mechanical device is used for tuning two layers of corrugated gratings. The input optical signal is dynamically adjusted by changing the included angle between the two gratings or controlling the geometric parameters of a single grating, thereby achieving the encryption effect.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a surface fold mechanical composite grating system, comprising: two gratings, laser source, centre gripping adjusting device and screen, wherein: the laser source and the screen are respectively arranged on two sides of the clamping and adjusting device, the clamping and adjusting device respectively clamps two ends of the two gratings, and the geometric parameters of a single grating are adjusted through stretching in a single direction and/or the relative angles of the two gratings are adjusted through translation and/or rotation to tune and compound, so that the diffraction patterns are adjusted and controlled to realize optical encryption.
The two gratings are one-dimensional ordered folded gratings, and specifically are hard film-soft base double-layer system micro-nano interface folds sequentially composed of a PDMS (poly-dimethylsiloxane) soft base layer and a PAN (anthracene-conjugated polymer) layer, wherein the micro-nano interface folds form a film layer on the upper surface of the PDMS soft base layer in a spin coating mode through the PAN layer, ultraviolet exposure is carried out under the condition that a strip-shaped mask is covered to form a relatively hard area, and a fold shape can be formed in the double-layer system after heating, so that a one-dimensional ordered folded pattern is formed.
The shape of the one-dimensional ordered fold pattern is sinusoidal, the wavelength of the one-dimensional ordered fold pattern is 15.5 mu m, and the amplitude of the one-dimensional ordered fold pattern is 400 nm.
The clamping adjusting device comprises: the grating positioning device comprises an optical platform, a two-dimensional horizontal motion platform arranged on the optical platform, a plate-shaped clamp vertically arranged on the motion platform and used for clamping a first grating, a vertical rotation motion platform arranged on the optical platform and a plate-shaped clamp parallelly arranged on the motion platform and used for clamping a second grating.
The stretching adjustment is realized through asynchronous displacement of plate-shaped clamps at two ends of a clamping grating on a two-dimensional horizontal motion platform in the clamping adjusting device.
The invention relates to a tuning method of the system, which controls diffraction patterns to be gradually changed into a two-dimensional array from linear arrangement by adjusting two gratings through a clamping adjusting device, and comprises the following steps: when the included angle of the two gratings is 0 degrees, diffraction patterns are consistent with patterns formed by the single grating and are light spots at fixed intervals and are arranged in parallel on a straight line, the brightness of the central 0-level diffraction light spot is highest, the diffraction orders are increased towards two ends, and the light intensity is weakened; when the included angle of the two gratings is changed from 0 degree to 90 degrees, the diffraction pattern is changed into a two-dimensional parallelogram array from one-dimensional linear arrangement, the two diagonal directions of the parallelogram array are the same as the arrangement direction of the sine-shaped folds, the light spot at the center of the parallelogram array is brightest, the two diagonal lines are formed, and the light spots at the periphery are weakened in sequence; when the included angle of the two gratings is changed from 90 degrees to 180 degrees, the diffraction pattern is converted into one-dimensional linear arrangement from a two-dimensional parallelogram array.
Technical effects
The invention integrally solves the problems that the structure parameters of a single grating are difficult to adjust by the existing grating, and the pattern style is difficult to adjust after the two-dimensional grating which is exposed for multiple times is manufactured. For the encryption of optical signals, a plurality of groups of parameters need to be set to dynamically adjust signals to complete the encryption process, so as to improve the strength of the secret key. The prior grating diffraction is used for the light regulation and encryption, and the technical problems of lack of dynamic regulation capability and the like are solved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention uses a mechanical tuning method to adjust the fold composite grating system, and increases the regulation and control of the composite grating combination parameters. The diffraction pattern of the light source can be dynamically regulated and encrypted by combining the geometric parameter regulation of a single fold grating, and the regulation signal can be input by using force, light, heat and other modes. Compared with the existing flexible corrugated grating, the mechanical tuning composite grating system provided by the invention has the advantages of simple grating element preparation process, high grating element combination and adjustment freedom, rich combination results and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present embodiment;
in the figure: the device comprises a first grating 1, a second grating 2, a laser source 3, a clamping and adjusting device 4 and a screen 5;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a stretching function of the mechanical tuning system;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional laser scanning confocal microscope image of a grating;
in the figure: a is a two-dimensional image with one-dimensional ordered fold pattern height; b is a three-dimensional image of the height of the one-dimensional ordered folded structure; c is the height topology curve marked by the black line in FIG. 4 a;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the evolution law of diffraction patterns and experimental results of a two-layer one-dimensional grating;
in the figure: a is a single one-dimensional ordered folded grating and a diffraction pattern schematic diagram thereof; b is a composite schematic diagram and a diffraction experimental pattern thereof when the included angle between the first grating and the second grating is 0; c is a schematic diagram of the second grating rotating 30 degrees relative to the first grating and a diffraction pattern experiment result diagram thereof; d is a schematic diagram of the second grating rotating 90 degrees relative to the first grating and a diffraction pattern experiment result diagram thereof;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the diffraction principle of a mechanically tuned composite grating system;
in the figure: 1 is a first grating, 2 is a second grating, a is a schematic diagram of a laser source; b is the diffraction image of the first grating; c is the diffraction image of the second grating;
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment includes: first grating 1, second grating 2, laser source 3, centre gripping adjusting device 4 and screen 5, wherein: the clamping and adjusting device 4 clamps the first grating 1 and the second grating 2 and enables the first grating and the second grating to translate and rotate relatively, and the laser source 3 and the screen 5 are respectively arranged on two sides of the clamping and adjusting device 4.
The first grating 1 and the second grating 2 are both hard film-soft base double-layer system micro-nano interface folds, and specifically are composite structure layers sequentially composed of a PDMS soft base layer and a PAN layer, wherein: the PAN layer forms a film layer on the upper surface of the PDMS soft substrate layer in a spin coating mode, ultraviolet exposure is carried out under the covering condition of the strip-shaped mask to form a relatively hard area, and a wrinkle shape can be formed in a double-layer system after heating, so that a one-dimensional ordered wrinkle pattern is triggered at the position.
The space and the width of the strip-shaped mask plate are both 200 mu m.
The ultraviolet exposure was carried out for 27 minutes using ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 365nm, and a width ratio of the exposed region to the unexposed region of 1:1 was formed.
The time and width ratio is affected by the bilayer system thickness factor.
The heating is specifically to heat the composite structure layer and the glass slide at 110 ℃ for 10 minutes, so that the width ratio of the wrinkled strip to the non-wrinkled strip is 1:1, as shown in fig. 4a and 4 b.
The width ratio is affected by the heating temperature.
The one-dimensional ordered fold pattern is a one-dimensional ordered fold pattern appearing in a PAN/PDMS hard film-soft base double-layer system, the appearance of the one-dimensional ordered fold pattern is sinusoidal, the wavelength of the one-dimensional ordered fold pattern is 15.5 μm, and the amplitude of the one-dimensional ordered fold pattern is 400nm, as shown in fig. 4 c.
The laser source 3 adopts a laser emitter with the wavelength of 532nm and the power of 50 mW.
The clamping adjusting device 4 comprises: the optical grating optical system comprises a two-dimensional horizontal motion platform, a plate-shaped clamp perpendicular to the platform and used for clamping a first grating, a vertical rotary motion platform, a plate-shaped clamp parallel to the platform and used for clamping a second grating, and an optical platform used for combining and supporting the two motion platforms.
As shown in a drawing functional diagram of fig. 3, the drawing function of the clamping and adjusting device specifically realizes the drawing adjustment of the first grating by the asynchronous displacement of the clamps clamping two ends of the first grating on the moving platform moving on the horizontal plane.
The optical encryption method related to the system comprises the steps of clamping two ends of a first grating 1 and two ends of a second grating 2 by a clamping and adjusting device 4 respectively for tuning and compounding, and stretching or adjusting the relative angle of the two gratings in a single direction so as to adjust and control diffraction patterns to realize optical encryption.
As shown in fig. 5, the diffraction pattern is gradually transformed from a linear arrangement to a two-dimensional array, and includes: when there is only one grating, the diffraction pattern is a vertical arrangement of spots, as shown in FIG. 5 a; when the two gratings are arranged in a straight line, namely the included angle of the two gratings is 0 degrees, the diffraction patterns are consistent with the patterns formed by the single grating, the light spots at fixed intervals are arranged in parallel on one straight line, the central 0-order diffraction light spot has the highest brightness, the number of diffraction orders is increased towards the two ends, and the light intensity is weakened, as shown in fig. 5 b; when the included angle between the two gratings is changed from 0 degree to 90 degrees, the diffraction pattern is converted from one-dimensional linearly-arranged light spots into two-dimensional parallelogram array light spots, as shown in fig. 5c and 5 d; when the angle between the two gratings is turned to 180 °, the diffraction pattern becomes a one-dimensional linear arrangement of spots again, as shown in fig. 5 b.
As shown in fig. 6, the principle of the diffraction pattern transformation is as follows: when a beam of laser emitted by the laser source 3 passes through the surface of the first grating 1, incident light is diffracted at a one-dimensional ordered sinusoidal fold structure of the first grating 1 and is diffracted into a one-dimensional pattern along the sinusoidal direction of the fold; when the first-order diffraction pattern passes through the second grating 2 as a light source, the one-dimensional diffracted light is diffracted into a two-dimensional parallelogram array as a new light source.
The two diagonal directions of the parallelogram array are the same as the arrangement direction of the sine-shaped folds, and the brightness distribution of the parallelogram array is weakened by a central light spot, light spots on the two diagonal lines and light spots on the periphery in sequence.
Experimental research shows that two one-dimensional ordered folded gratings with the same folded morphology are prepared, the method is used for compounding and mechanical regulation, as shown in fig. 4, 2D images, 3D images and height profile topological curve analysis of a laser confocal scanning microscope are respectively carried out on the gratings, and the method is used for preparing the one-dimensional ordered folded gratings. As shown in fig. 5b, 5c and 5d, in the process that the composite one-dimensional ordered grating mechanically regulates the included angle relationship between two layers of gratings, the diffraction pattern is gradually changed from a one-dimensional linear diffraction pattern to a parallelogram array, so that the rationality of the method is verified.
The above device works by the following ways: the connecting line direction of the central axes of the two gratings is taken as the y direction, the emergent direction of the laser source 3 is taken as the positive direction, the vertical direction is taken as the z direction, the upward direction is taken as the positive direction, and a right-hand coordinate system is adopted. The first grating 1 is translated in x and y directions with a translation accuracy of 1 μm, and the second grating 2 is rotated along the y axis with a rotation accuracy of 0.005 °. By rotating or translating the relative positions of the two gratings, the diffraction behavior of the gratings is dynamically adjusted. And (4) utilizing the clamping and adjusting device 4 to translate the two ends of the grating in the x direction or finish stretching in the x direction.
Through specific practical experiments, the composite system is regulated and controlled by using the one-dimensional sine ordered folded grating with the wavelength of 15.5 microns and the amplitude of 400nm, the device is operated by using a laser emitter with the wavelength of 532nm and the power of 50mW as a laser source, the obtained experimental data is shown in figure 5, in the process of mechanically regulating and controlling the included angle relationship between two layers of gratings of the composite one-dimensional ordered grating, the diffraction pattern is gradually changed into a parallelogram array from a one-dimensional linear diffraction pattern, and the rationality of the method is verified.
Compared with the prior art, the mechanical tuning composite grating system provided by the invention has the advantages of simple grating element preparation process, high grating element combination and adjustment freedom, rich combination results and the like compared with the existing flexible corrugated grating.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (6)
1. A surface-corrugated mechanical composite grating system, comprising: two gratings, laser source, centre gripping adjusting device and screen, wherein: the laser source and the screen are respectively arranged on two sides of the clamping and adjusting device, the clamping and adjusting device respectively clamps two ends of the two gratings, and the geometric parameters of a single grating are adjusted through stretching in a single direction and/or the relative angles of the two gratings are adjusted through translation and/or rotation to tune and compound, so that the diffraction patterns are adjusted and controlled to realize optical encryption.
2. The surface-corrugated mechanical composite grating system of claim 1, wherein the two gratings are one-dimensional ordered corrugated gratings, specifically, hard film-soft-base two-layer system micro-nano interface corrugations sequentially composed of a PDMS soft-base layer and a PAN layer, the micro-nano interface corrugations form a thin film layer on the upper surface of the PDMS soft-base layer in a spin coating manner on the PAN layer, ultraviolet exposure is performed under the covering condition of a strip-shaped mask to form a relatively hard area, and a corrugated shape is formed in the two-layer system after heating, so that a one-dimensional ordered corrugated pattern is formed.
3. The surface-corrugated mechanical composite grating system of claim 2, wherein the one-dimensional ordered corrugated pattern has a sinusoidal pattern with a wavelength of 15.5 μm and an amplitude of 400 nm.
4. The surface-corrugated mechanical composite grating system of claim 1, wherein the clamping adjustment device comprises: the grating optical system comprises an optical platform, a two-dimensional horizontal motion platform arranged on the optical platform, a plate-shaped clamp vertically arranged on the platform and used for clamping a grating, a vertical rotation motion platform arranged on the optical platform and a plate-shaped clamp parallelly arranged on the platform and used for clamping a second grating.
5. The surface-corrugated mechanical composite grating system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stretching adjustment is achieved by asynchronous displacement of plate-shaped clamps on a two-dimensional horizontal motion platform of the clamping adjustment device for clamping two ends of the grating.
6. A tuning method based on the system of any preceding claim, wherein adjusting the two gratings by means of a clamping adjustment device to generate a diffraction pattern and gradually transform the diffraction pattern from a linear arrangement to a two-dimensional array comprises: when the included angle of the two gratings is 0 degrees, diffraction patterns are consistent with patterns formed by the single grating and are light spots at fixed intervals and are arranged in parallel on a straight line, the brightness of the central 0-level diffraction light spot is highest, the diffraction orders are increased towards two ends, and the light intensity is weakened; when the included angle of the two gratings is changed from 0 degree to 90 degrees, the diffraction pattern is changed into a two-dimensional parallelogram array from one-dimensional linear arrangement, the two diagonal directions of the parallelogram array are the same as the arrangement direction of the sine-shaped folds, the light spot at the center of the parallelogram array is brightest, the two diagonal lines are formed, and the light spots at the periphery are weakened in sequence; when the included angle of the two gratings is changed from 90 degrees to 180 degrees, the diffraction pattern is converted into one-dimensional linear arrangement from a two-dimensional parallelogram array.
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