CN112859199A

CN112859199A - Carbonate rock diagenetic environment evolution history recovery method

Info

Publication number: CN112859199A
Application number: CN202110027960.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 沈安江; 胡安平; 赵文智; 姚根顺; 乔占峰; 张建勇; 倪新锋; 郑剑锋; 梁峰; 王永生
Original assignee: Petrochina Co Ltd
Current assignee: Petrochina Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-01-08
Filing date: 2021-01-08
Publication date: 2021-05-28
Anticipated expiration: 2041-01-08
Also published as: CN112859199B

Abstract

The invention provides a carbonate rock diagenesis environment evolution history recovery method, which comprises the following steps: obtaining rock samples for restoring the evolution history of the diagenetic environment of the work area; determining the periods of carbonate diagenetic minerals in the rock sample and the types of the carbonate diagenetic minerals in each period; carrying out isotope year measurement on carbonate diagenetic minerals of each period to obtain absolute ages of the carbonate diagenetic minerals, carrying out cluster isotope test to obtain formation temperatures of the carbonate diagenetic minerals, and carrying out geochemical analysis to obtain geochemical analysis results of the carbonate diagenetic minerals; acquiring a work area burial history model, and acquiring the burial depth of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals in each stage by combining the absolute ages of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals; determining the diagenetic environment of each stage of the carbonate diagenetic minerals based on the absolute age, the formation temperature, the burial depth and the geochemical analysis result of each stage of the carbonate diagenetic minerals; and establishing the relationship between the carbonate diagenetic mineral type-diagenetic environment and the absolute age under an absolute age coordinate system based on the type, diagenetic environment and absolute age of the sub-carbonate diagenetic mineral at each stage.

Description

Carbonate rock diagenetic environment evolution history recovery method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of evaluation of carbonate rock oil and gas reservoirs in petroleum and gas geological exploration, and particularly relates to a recovery method of a carbonate rock formation environment evolution history under an absolute age coordinate system based on year measurement and temperature measurement technologies.

Background

Diagenetic environments include seawater diagenetic environments (normal seawater and evaporated seawater), atmospheric fresh water diagenetic environments (early epigenetic and late epigenetic), and buried diagenetic environments. The carbonate pore reconstruction events in the sequence lattice all occur in various diagenetic environments, and the potential of pore reconstruction in different diagenetic environments is greatly different. The normal seawater diagenesis environment is mainly the construction of primary pores, and cementing can fill part of the primary pores. The atmosphere fresh water diagenetic environment mainly builds erosion holes and even forms large caves. The buried diagenesis environment is dominated by the destruction of reservoir space, although buried erosion can lead to local enrichment of porosity. Dolomization occurs mainly in evaporating seawater and in buried diagenetic environments, and is a very important pore-modifying effect. Therefore, the diagenetic environment identification is very important content for researching the formation cause of the carbonate reservoir.

Reservoir geochemistry characteristics (carbon-oxygen stable isotopes, trace-rare earth elements, strontium isotopes, Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn and other unconventional stable isotopes) are very important means for identifying diagenetic environments, and an identification chart is established, but two unsolved problems still exist. On one hand, the diagenetic environment identification of diagenetic products is mainly qualitative judgment of geologists on the basis of research such as regional geological backgrounds, diagenetic sequences and the like, and because of no restriction of age and temperature data, the uncertainty exists, the established identification chart can only represent the geochemical characteristics of the diagenetic products, and the reliable corresponding relation between the geochemical characteristics and the diagenetic environments is difficult to establish. On the other hand, because of no restriction of age and temperature data, the occurrence time of diagenetic environment transition and pore-forming events under an absolute age coordinate system cannot be established, and the understanding of pore-forming events and pore-forming effects under the control of the geological background of the regional structure is restricted, and is very important for reservoir origin and distribution prediction.

Carbonate rock laser in-situ U-Pb isotope dating and cluster isotope (delta)₄₇) The development of two temperature measurement technologies provides possibility for diagenetic environment identification and evolution, geochemical characteristics and evolution research of diagenetic products under an absolute age coordinate system.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for effectively recovering the evolution history of the diagenetic environment of carbonate rocks, which is used for exploring the evolution situation of the diagenetic environment of diagenetic minerals under an absolute age coordinate system based on the constraints of the absolute ages of the diagenetic minerals and the temperatures of cluster isotopes.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a carbonate rock diagenesis environment evolution history recovery method, wherein the method comprises:

obtaining a rock sample for restoring the evolution history of the diagenetic environment of a work area, wherein the rock sample for restoring the evolution history of the diagenetic environment comprises the characteristics of hole development, filling of holes with multi-stage (at least two stages) carbonate cements and mutual intersection of the carbonate cements;

determining the periods of carbonate diagenetic minerals in the rock sample and the types of the carbonate diagenetic minerals in each period; isotope year measurement is carried out on carbonate diagenetic minerals of each stage to obtain the absolute age of the carbonate diagenetic minerals of each stage; carrying out cluster isotope test on the carbonate diagenetic minerals of each stage to obtain the formation temperature of the carbonate diagenetic minerals of each stage; performing geochemical analysis on each stage of carbonate rocks to obtain a geochemical analysis result of each stage of carbonate diagenetic minerals, wherein the geochemical analysis comprises at least one of strontium isotope value analysis, trace rare earth element analysis, cathodoluminescence and carbon-oxygen stable isotope analysis;

acquiring a work area burial history model, and acquiring the burial depth of each stage of subcarbonate diagenetic minerals by combining the absolute ages of each stage of subcarbonate diagenetic minerals;

determining the diagenetic environment of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals based on the absolute age, the formation temperature, the burial depth and the geochemical analysis result of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals;

and establishing the relationship between the carbonate diagenetic mineral type-diagenetic environment and the absolute age under an absolute age coordinate system based on the type, diagenetic environment and absolute age of the sub-carbonate diagenetic mineral at each stage.

In the method for recovering the environmental evolution history of the carbonate diagenesis, the carbonate diagenesis minerals comprise carbonate cement and surrounding rocks.

In the carbonate diagenesis environment evolution history recovery method, a complete and reliable diagenesis sequence is easy to establish for a rock sample with the characteristics of hole development, hole filling with multi-stage (at least two stages) carbonate cement and mutual intersection of the carbonate cement so as to determine the stage of carbonate diagenesis minerals in the rock sample; in particular, a complete and reliable diagenetic sequence can be established using conventional methods, such as establishing a complete and reliable diagenetic sequence based on the age, character, age, mutual cutting relationship and the number of erosions, age of eroded carbonate cement, etc. of the carbonate cement in the rock sample.

In the above method for recovering the environmental evolution history of carbonate diagenesis, preferably, the number of stages of carbonate diagenesis minerals in a rock sample and the type of each stage of carbonate diagenesis minerals are specified by using a sample slice made of the rock sample; more preferably, the thickness of the sample slice used to identify the stage of the carbonate diagenetic mineral in the rock sample and the type of each stage of the carbonate diagenetic mineral is 30 ± 3 μm.

In the above method for recovering the environmental evolution history of carbonate rock formation, preferably, the isotope dating is performed using a sample slice made of a rock sample; more preferably, the sample sheet used for the isotope year measurement is 80 to 100 μm thick. In one embodiment, the sample slice used for the isotope year measurements is 100 μm thick.

In the above carbonate rock formation environment evolution history recovery method, preferably, the cluster isotope test is performed using a powder sample made of a rock sample using a sub-carbonate rock formation mineral at each stage; more preferably, the mass of the powder sample used for the cluster isotope test is not less than 10 mg.

In the above method for recovering the environmental evolution history of carbonate rock formations, preferably, the analysis of the strontium isotope value is performed using a powder sample made of a rock sample using a sub-carbonate rock formation mineral at each stage; more preferably, the mass of the powder sample for carrying out the strontium isotope value analysis is not less than 1 mg.

In the above method for recovering the environmental evolution history of carbonate rock formation, preferably, the trace rare earth element analysis is performed using a sample slice made of a rock sample; more preferably, the sample chip for trace rare earth element analysis has a thickness of 80 to 100 μm. In one embodiment, the sample slice for trace rare earth element analysis has a thickness of 100 μm.

In the above method for recovering the environmental evolution history of carbonate rock formation, preferably, the analysis of a stable isotope of carbon and oxygen is performed using a sample slice made of a rock sample; more preferably, the sample sheet for conducting the carbon-oxygen stable isotope analysis has a thickness of 60 to 70 μm. In one embodiment, the sample slice used for carbon-oxygen stable isotope analysis has a thickness of 60 μm.

In the above method for recovering the environmental evolution history of carbonate rock formation, preferably, the cathodoluminescence analysis is performed using a sample slice made of a rock sample; more preferably, the sample sheet used for performing the cathodoluminescence analysis has a thickness of 30 ± 3 μm.

In a specific embodiment, the method for recovering the evolution history of the diagenetic environment of the carbonate rocks comprises the following steps:

respectively preparing at least 2 parallel samples corresponding to each rock sample aiming at each acquired rock sample for restoring the evolution history of the diagenetic environment, preparing a sample slice A, a sample slice B and a sample slice C of the rock sample for restoring the evolution history of the diagenetic environment by using the parallel samples, and reserving the residual parts of the parallel samples;

performing carbonate diagenetic mineral observation on the sample slice A aiming at each obtained rock sample, and determining the stage of the carbonate diagenetic mineral in the rock sample and the type of each stage of the carbonate diagenetic mineral;

determining a powder sample of carbonate diagenetic minerals corresponding to each stage of subcarbonatediagenetic minerals of a sample slice A of the rock sample in the parallel sample residual part corresponding to the rock sample for diagenetic environment evolution history recovery, and using the powder sample to perform cluster isotope test to obtain cluster isotope temperatures of the subcarbonatediagenetic minerals of each stage;

determining carbonate diagenetic minerals corresponding to each stage of subcarbonate diagenetic minerals in the sample slice A of the rock sample in a sample slice B corresponding to the rock sample for diagenetic environment evolution history recovery, and using the carbonate diagenetic minerals to perform isotope year measurement to obtain the absolute age of each stage of subcarbonate diagenetic minerals;

determining a powder sample of carbonate diagenetic minerals corresponding to each stage of the subcarbonatediagenetic minerals of the sample slice A of the rock sample in the parallel sample residual part corresponding to the rock sample for diagenetic environment evolution history recovery, and carrying out strontium isotope analysis to obtain strontium isotope analysis results of each stage of the subcarbonatediagenetic minerals;

determining carbonate diagenetic minerals corresponding to each stage of sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals in the sample slice A of the rock sample in a sample slice B corresponding to the rock sample for diagenetic environment evolution history recovery, and analyzing the trace rare earth elements to obtain trace rare earth element analysis results of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals at each stage;

determining carbonate diagenetic minerals corresponding to each stage of subcarbonate diagenetic minerals in the sample slice A of the rock sample in a sample slice C corresponding to the rock sample for diagenetic environment evolution history recovery, and performing carbon-oxygen stable isotope analysis to obtain carbon-oxygen stable isotope analysis results of each stage of subcarbonate diagenetic minerals;

performing cathodoluminescence analysis on the sample slice A to obtain cathodoluminescence analysis results of the carbonate diagenetic minerals at each stage;

determining the diagenetic environment of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals based on the absolute age, the formation temperature, the burial depth, the strontium isotope analysis result, the carbon-oxygen stable isotope analysis result, the trace rare earth element analysis result and the cathodoluminescence analysis result of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals;

Preferably, the thickness of the sample sheet a is 30 ± 3 μm;

preferably, the thickness of the sample sheet B is 80 to 100 μm;

preferably, the thickness of the sample sheet C is 60 to 70 μm;

preferably, the sample slice a has a diameter of 1.5-2.5 cm;

preferably, the sample slice B has a diameter of 1.5-2.5 cm;

preferably, the sample chip C has a diameter of 1.5 to 2.5 cm;

preferably, the step of respectively preparing at least 2 parallel samples corresponding to the rock samples for restoring the diagenetic environment evolution history, and the step of preparing the sample slice a, the sample slice B and the sample slice C of the rock samples for restoring the diagenetic environment evolution history by using the parallel samples and reserving the residual parts of the parallel samples is performed by the following steps: cutting each rock sample for restoring the evolution history of the diagenetic environment into a cylinder with the diameter of 1.5-2.5cm and the thickness of 0.8cm, preparing 2 parallel samples along two sides of a section, preparing a sample slice A and a sample slice B from 1 parallel sample, preparing a slice C from the other 1 parallel sample, and reserving the residual part of the parallel samples for later use;

preferably, the mirror image similarity of the sample sheet A, the sample sheet B and the sample sheet C is high and is not lower than 90%;

preferably, the powder sample of each carbonate diagenetic mineral used for the cluster isotope test is not less than 10 mg;

preferably, the powder-like amount of each carbonate diagenetic mineral used for the strontium isotope analysis is not less than 1 mg.

In the above-described carbonate hydrocarbon reservoir formation sub-total analysis method, the powder sample may be obtained using a microdriller.

In the carbonate oil and gas reservoir formation time sub-comprehensive analysis method, the isotope year measurement can be carried out according to the technical specification and requirements of the isotope year measurement.

In the carbonate oil and gas reservoir period sub-comprehensive analysis method, the trace rare earth element analysis can be carried out by adopting an in-situ trace rare earth element testing technology.

In the method for the sub-comprehensive analysis of the carbonate oil-gas reservoir formation period, the carbon-oxygen stable isotope analysis can be carried out according to the specification and requirements of the carbon-oxygen stable isotope determination, and the carbon-oxygen stable isotope value of the carbonate oil-gas reservoir formation mineral at each period is obtained.

In the carbonate oil-gas reservoir formation stage sub-comprehensive analysis method, the temperature measurement work can be carried out according to the specification and the requirement of the temperature measurement technology of the cluster isotope (delta 47) in the cluster isotope test, and the delta 47 temperature of the carbonate diagenetic mineral in each stage is obtained.

In the carbonate oil-gas reservoir formation secondary comprehensive analysis method, the strontium isotope analysis can be carried out according to the specification and requirements of the strontium isotope determination technology to obtain the strontium isotope value of the carbonate oil-gas reservoir formation minerals at each stage.

In the carbonate rock oil and gas reservoir stage sub-comprehensive analysis method, based on the type, diagenetic environment and absolute age of each stage of sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals, the relationship between the type-diagenetic environment and the absolute age of the carbonate diagenetic minerals established in an absolute age coordinate system can be realized by the following modes:

and (3) casting the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals of each stage into the burial history model according to the absolute ages of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals, and specifically establishing the type of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals of each stage and a curve of the diagenetic environment changing along with the absolute ages as the relation between the type of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals, the diagenetic environment and the absolute ages under an absolute age coordinate system.

In the method for recovering the evolution history of the diagenetic environment of the carbonate rock, preferably, the isotope dating is performed by using a laser in-situ U-Pb isotope dating mode.

In the above method for recovering the evolution history of the diagenetic environment of the carbonate rock, preferably, the acquiring a work area burial history model includes:

based on regional geological background, well drilling and seismic data, a work area burial history model is preliminarily established;

acquiring a ground temperature gradient of a work area;

correcting the preliminarily established work area burying history model by using the absolute age of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals and the formation temperature of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals and combining the work area ground temperature gradient, and acquiring a work area corrected burying history model as the work area burying history model for acquiring the burying depth of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals by combining the absolute age of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals;

more preferably, the correcting the preliminarily established work area burying history model by using the absolute age of each stage of the carbonate diagenetic minerals and the formation temperature of each stage of the carbonate diagenetic minerals and combining the work area geothermal gradient comprises the following steps:

the absolute age of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals is put into a burial history model to obtain the first burial depth of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals, and the formation temperature of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals is used for calculating the second burial depth of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals according to the geothermal gradient;

if the first burial depth of the secondary carbonate cement at each stage is not consistent with the second burial depth, the burial history curve is unreliable, and the burial history curve is modified to ensure that the first burial depth of the secondary carbonate cement at each stage is consistent with the second burial depth, so that the burial history curve after the work area correction is obtained;

if the first burial depth of the subcarbonate cement at each stage is consistent with the second burial depth, the absolute age of the subcarbonate cement at each stage and the forming temperature of the subcarbonate cement at each stage are considered to form a mutual evidence-based relationship, the burial history curve is reliable, and the burial history curve is used as a burial curve model after correction of a work area.

In the method for recovering the evolution history of the carbonate rock formation environment, preferably, the rock formation environment comprises a seawater rock formation environment, an atmospheric fresh water rock formation environment and a buried rock formation environment; wherein the seawater diagenetic environment comprises a normal seawater diagenetic environment and an evaporated seawater diagenetic environment, and the atmospheric fresh water diagenetic environment comprises a morning surface diagenetic environment and a evening surface diagenetic environment.

In the carbonate rock diagenetic environment evolution history recovery method, the diagenetic environment of each stage of the subcarbonate diagenetic minerals is determined by adopting a conventional method based on the absolute age, the formation temperature, the burial depth and the geochemical analysis result of each stage of the subcarbonate diagenetic minerals, and the method can be specifically carried out by adopting the following method: preliminarily determining the diagenetic environment of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals by adopting a geochemical analysis result (only by adopting a conventional mode in the field);

and (3) performing constraint correction on the diagenetic environment of the subcarbonate diagenetic minerals in each stage based on the absolute age, the formation temperature and the burial depth of the subcarbonate diagenetic minerals in each stage.

In the above method for recovering the environmental evolution history of carbonate rock formation, preferably, the method further comprises:

based on the established relationship between the type of the carbonate diagenetic minerals under the absolute age coordinate system and diagenetic environment and the absolute age, the type of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals at each stage and the geochemical analysis result of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals at each stage, the type and/or diagenetic environment of the carbonate diagenetic minerals and the earth are establishedChemical characteristic correspondence. In the preferred scheme, the geochemical feature recognition charts of different diagenetic environments are not established, in fact, the geochemical features of the same diagenetic environment are greatly different under different geological backgrounds, and the geochemical feature recognition chart of the diagenetic environment with universal applicability cannot be established; the preferred mode is by absolute age and cluster isotope (Δ) of the diagenetic product₄₇) Temperature constraint, establishing a relationship between a carbonate diagenetic mineral type-diagenetic environment and an absolute age under an absolute age coordinate system, and establishing an evolution law of the geochemical characteristics along with the change of the diagenetic environment through test data of the geochemical characteristics (carbon-oxygen stable isotope, trace rare earth element, strontium isotope and cathodoluminescence). The evolution of the geochemical characteristics reflects the change of the diagenetic medium attribute and the geological background of the regional structure, and has important guiding significance for understanding pore space transformation diagenetic events and pore-forming effects and predicting reservoir distribution.

The method for recovering the evolution history of the carbonate diagenetic environment can be used for establishing the corresponding relation between the carbonate diagenetic mineral type and/or diagenetic environment and the geochemical characteristics and/or the relation between the carbonate diagenetic mineral type-diagenetic environment and the absolute age under the absolute age coordinate system, so that the pore space transformation analysis can be carried out, and a basis is provided for reservoir distribution prediction.

The technical scheme provided by the invention establishes the corresponding relation between the carbonate diagenetic mineral type and/or diagenetic environment and the geochemical characteristics, and recovers the evolution history of the carbonate diagenetic environment; the method provides a basis for understanding pore modification events and pore-forming effects under the control of regional tectonic geological background and predicting regional reservoir distribution, and simultaneously promotes the development of the chronology discipline of the ancient carbonate rock diagenesis.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for recovering the evolution history of the diagenetic environment of carbonate rocks in embodiment 1.

FIG. 2A is a graph of characteristics and diagenesis sequence of a dolomite reservoir sample Q-56-1 of the Kigelac group of the auksu region of the seismic denier system in example 1.

FIG. 2B is a graph of characteristics and diagenesis sequence of a dolomite reservoir sample Q-56-1 of the Kigelac group of the auksu region of the seismic denier system in example 1.

FIG. 3A is a graph of characteristics and diagenesis sequence of a dolomite reservoir sample Q-58-1-1 of the Kigelac odd Gebraker group in the Aksu region in example 1.

FIG. 3B is a graph of characteristics and diagenesis sequence of a dolomite reservoir sample Q-58-1-1 of the Kigelac odd Gebraker group in the Aksu region in example 1.

FIG. 4 is a graph of characteristics and diagenesis sequence of a dolomite reservoir sample Q-58-1-2 of the Kigelac odd Gebraker group in the Acksu region in example 1.

FIG. 5A is a graph of characteristics and diagenesis sequence of a dolomite reservoir sample Q-76-1 of the Kigelac group of the auksu region of the seismic denier system in example 1.

FIG. 5B is a graph of characteristics and diagenesis sequence of a dolomite reservoir sample Q-76-1 of the Kigelac group of the auksu region of the seismic denier system in example 1.

FIG. 6A is a graph of characteristics and diagenesis sequence of a dolomite reservoir sample Q-151-1 of the Kigelac odd Gebraker group in the Aksu region in example 1.

FIG. 6B is a graph of characteristics and diagenesis sequence of a dolomite reservoir sample Q-151-1 of the Kigelac odd Gebraker group in the Aksu region in example 1.

FIG. 7 is a laser in-situ U-Pb isotope dating chart of carbonate diagenetic mineral of Q-56-1 in a dolomite reservoir sample of the Qigrelack group of the seismic denier system in the Aksu region in example 1.

FIG. 8 is a laser in situ U-Pb isotope dating chart of carbonate diagenetic mineral for the carbonate diagenetic mineral Q-58-1-1 in a dolomite reservoir sample of the Qigrelaz group of the Aksu region in example 1.

FIG. 9A is a laser in situ U-Pb isotope dating chart of dolomite surrounding rock of the Qigrelack group dolomite reservoir sample Q-58-1-2 in the Aksu region of example 1.

FIG. 9B is a laser in situ U-Pb isotope dating chart of carbonate diagenetic mineral for carbonate rock formation in Q-58-1-2 of a Cibotian odd Gebra group dolomite reservoir sample in Acksu in example 1.

FIG. 9C is a laser in situ U-Pb isotope dating chart of carbonate diagenetic mineral for carbonate rock formation in Q-58-1-2 in a Cimperland odd Gebra group dolomite reservoir sample in Acksu in example 1.

FIG. 10A is a laser in situ U-Pb isotope dating chart of dolomite surrounding rock of the Qigrelack group dolomite reservoir sample Q-76-1 in the Aksu region of example 1.

FIG. 10B is a laser in situ U-Pb isotope dating chart of carbonate diagenetic mineral for the Q-76-1 carbonate diagenetic mineral in the Cimperland Emerson Qigrelack group dolomite reservoir sample in example 1.

FIG. 10C is a laser in situ U-Pb isotope dating chart of carbonate diagenetic mineral for the Q-76-1 carbonate diagenetic mineral in the atsu region seismic Dubrewski group dolomite reservoir sample in example 1.

FIG. 11 is a laser in situ U-Pb isotope dating chart of carbonate diagenetic mineral of Q-151-1 carbonate in situ for a Cibra group dolomitic rock reservoir sample of the auksu region in example 1.

Figure 12 is a graph of geochemical characteristics of strontium isotopes and oxygen stable isotopes in aksu region as a function of different types of carbonate diagenetic minerals.

Fig. 13A is a graph of geochemical characteristics of trace-rare earth elements in aksu region as a function of different types of carbonate diagenetic minerals.

Fig. 13B is a graph of geochemical characteristics of trace-rare earth elements in aksu region as a function of different types of carbonate diagenetic minerals.

Fig. 14 is a graph (diagenetic mineral-diagenetic environment correspondence and transition graph) of carbonate diagenetic mineral type-diagenetic environment versus absolute age in the aksu region absolute age coordinate system.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

An embodiment of the invention provides a carbonate rock diagenesis environment evolution history recovery method, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

Wherein the carbonate diagenetic mineral comprises carbonate cement and surrounding rock.

The rock sample with the characteristics of hole development, filling of holes with multi-stage (at least two stages) carbonate cement and mutual intersection of the carbonate cement is easy to establish a complete and reliable diagenetic sequence so as to determine the stage of carbonate diagenetic minerals in the rock sample; in particular, a complete and reliable diagenetic sequence can be established using conventional methods, such as establishing a complete and reliable diagenetic sequence based on the age, character, age, mutual cutting relationship and the number of erosions, age of eroded carbonate cement, etc. of the carbonate cement in the rock sample.

In a preferred embodiment, the identification of the stage of the carbonate diagenetic mineral and the type of each stage of the carbonate diagenetic mineral in the rock sample is performed using a sample slice made of the rock sample; further, the thickness of the sample slice for specifying the stage of the carbonate diagenetic mineral in the rock sample and the type of the carbonate diagenetic mineral of each stage was 30 ± 3 μm.

In a preferred embodiment, the isotope dating is performed using a sample slice made of a rock sample; further, the thickness of the sample sheet for isotope year measurement is 80 to 100. mu.m, for example, the thickness of the sample sheet for isotope year measurement is 100. mu.m.

In a preferred embodiment, the cluster isotope test is performed using a powder sample made of a rock sample using a sub-carbonate diagenetic mineral of each stage; further, the mass of the powder sample used for the cluster isotope test was not less than 10 mg.

In a preferred embodiment, the strontium isotope value analysis is performed using a powder sample made of a rock sample using a plurality of stages of a sub-carbonate diagenetic mineral; further, the mass of the powder sample for carrying out the strontium isotope value analysis is not less than 1 mg.

In a preferred embodiment, the trace rare earth element analysis is performed using a sample slice made of a rock sample; further, the thickness of the sample chip for trace rare earth element analysis is 80 to 100 μm, for example, the thickness of the sample chip for trace rare earth element analysis is 100 μm.

In a preferred embodiment, the carbon-oxygen stable isotope analysis is performed using a sample slice made of a rock sample; further, the thickness of the sample sheet for performing the carbon oxygen stable isotope analysis is 60 to 70 μm, for example, the thickness of the sample sheet for performing the carbon oxygen stable isotope analysis is 60 μm.

In a preferred embodiment, the cathodoluminescence analysis is performed using a sample sheet made of a rock sample; further, the thickness of the sample sheet for conducting the cathodoluminescence analysis was 30. + -.3. mu.m.

In a preferred embodiment, the method for recovering the environmental evolution history of the diagenetic carbonate rock comprises the following steps:

Further, the thickness of the sample sheet a was 30 ± 3 μm;

further, the thickness of the sample sheet B is 80 to 100 μm;

further, the thickness of the sample sheet C is 60 to 70 μm;

further, the diameter of the sample slice A is 1.5-2.5 cm;

further, the diameter of the sample slice B is 1.5-2.5 cm;

further, the diameter of the sample chip C is 1.5-2.5 cm;

further, the step of respectively preparing at least 2 parallel samples corresponding to the rock samples for restoring the diagenetic environment evolution history, and the step of preparing the sample slice A, the sample slice B and the sample slice C of the rock samples for restoring the diagenetic environment evolution history by using the parallel samples and reserving the residual parts of the parallel samples is carried out in the following way: cutting each rock sample for restoring the evolution history of the diagenetic environment into a cylinder with the diameter of 1.5-2.5cm and the thickness of 0.8cm, preparing 2 parallel samples along two sides of a section, preparing a sample slice A and a sample slice B from 1 parallel sample, preparing a slice C from the other 1 parallel sample, and reserving the residual part of the parallel samples for later use;

furthermore, the mirror image similarity of the sample sheet A, the sample sheet B and the sample sheet C is high and is not lower than 90%;

further, the powder sample of each carbonate diagenetic mineral used for the cluster isotope test was not less than 10 mg;

further, the powder sample of each carbonate diagenetic mineral used for the strontium isotope analysis was not less than 1 mg.

In a preferred embodiment, the powder sample may be obtained using a microdriller.

In a preferred embodiment, the isotope dating can be performed in accordance with the specifications and requirements of the isotope dating technique.

In a preferred embodiment, trace rare earth element analysis may be performed using in situ trace rare earth element testing techniques.

In a preferred embodiment, the analysis of the carbon-oxygen stable isotope can be performed according to the specification and requirements of the determination of the carbon-oxygen stable isotope, and the carbon-oxygen stable isotope value of the carbonate diagenetic mineral at each stage is obtained.

In a preferred embodiment, the cluster isotope test can be carried out according to the specification and requirements of a cluster isotope (Δ 47) temperature measurement technology, and Δ 47 temperatures of carbonate diagenetic minerals at each stage are acquired.

In a preferred embodiment, the strontium isotope analysis can be carried out according to the specification and requirements of the strontium isotope determination technology to obtain the strontium isotope value of the carbonate diagenetic mineral at each stage.

In a preferred embodiment, based on the type, diagenetic environment and absolute age of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic mineral, the relationship between the type-diagenetic environment and the absolute age of the sub-carbonate diagenetic mineral under the absolute age coordinate system can be realized by the following steps:

In a preferred embodiment, the isotope dating is performed using a laser in situ U-Pb isotope dating mode.

In a preferred embodiment, the acquiring the work area burial history model comprises:

acquiring a ground temperature gradient of a work area;

further, the step of correcting the preliminarily established work area burying history model by using the absolute age of each stage of the carbonate diagenetic minerals and the formation temperature of each stage of the carbonate diagenetic minerals and combining the work area geothermal gradient comprises the following steps:

In a preferred embodiment, the diagenetic environment comprises a seawater diagenetic environment, an atmospheric fresh water diagenetic environment, and a buried diagenetic environment; wherein the seawater diagenetic environment comprises a normal seawater diagenetic environment and an evaporated seawater diagenetic environment, and the atmospheric fresh water diagenetic environment comprises a morning surface diagenetic environment and a evening surface diagenetic environment.

In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises:

and establishing a corresponding relation between the type of the carbonate diagenetic minerals and/or the diagenetic environment and the geochemical characteristics based on the established relation between the type of the carbonate diagenetic minerals, the diagenetic environment and the absolute age under the absolute age coordinate system, the type of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals at each stage and the geochemical analysis result of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals at each stage. In the preferred scheme, the geochemical feature recognition charts of different diagenetic environments are not established, in fact, the geochemical features of the same diagenetic environment are greatly different under different geological backgrounds, and the geochemical feature recognition chart of the diagenetic environment with universal applicability cannot be established; the preferred mode is by absolute age and cluster isotope (Δ) of the diagenetic product₄₇) Temperature constraint, establishing a relationship between a carbonate diagenetic mineral type-diagenetic environment and an absolute age under an absolute age coordinate system, and establishing an evolution law of the geochemical characteristics along with the change of the diagenetic environment through test data of the geochemical characteristics (carbon-oxygen stable isotope, trace rare earth element, strontium isotope and cathodoluminescence). The evolution of the geochemical characteristics reflects the change of the properties of diagenetic media and the geological background of the regional structure, and has important significance on the understanding of pore-forming events of pore-forming reconstruction and pore-forming effect and the prediction of reservoir distributionGuiding significance.

Example 1

The embodiment provides an ancient carbonate rock diagenetic environment evolution history recovery method based on fixed-year and fixed-temperature technology, which is used for carrying out diagenetic mineral-diagenetic environment-geochemistry characteristics and evolution research on an absolute age coordinate system on an Qigrella group of a seismic denier system in the Aksu region of Tarim, and providing basis for understanding of pore transformation events and pore-forming effects and prediction of regional reservoir distribution under the control of a regional tectonic geological background, as shown in figure 1, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

step S1: the rock sample for restoring the evolution history of the diagenetic environment of the work area is obtained, and the characteristics of the rock sample for restoring the evolution history of the diagenetic environment comprise hole development, filling of the holes with multi-stage (at least two stages) carbonate cements and mutual intersection of the carbonate cements.

Step S2: respectively preparing at least 2 parallel samples corresponding to the rock samples for restoring the diagenetic environment evolution history of the work area aiming at the acquired rock samples for restoring the diagenetic environment evolution history of the work area, preparing sample slices A, sample slices B and sample slices C of the rock samples for restoring the diagenetic environment evolution history by using the parallel samples, and reserving residual parts of the parallel samples;

specifically, each rock sample for restoring the evolution history of the diagenetic environment is cut into cylinders with the diameter of 1.5-2.5cm and the thickness of 0.8cm, 2 parallel samples are made along two sides of the section, 1 of the parallel samples is made into a sample slice A (the thickness is 30 mu m) and a sample slice B (the thickness is 100 mu m), the other 1 of the parallel samples is made into a slice C (the thickness is 60 mu m), and the residual part of the parallel samples is reserved for later use.

Step S3: carrying out mirror image relationship consistency screening on the sample slice A, the sample slice B and the sample slice C of the rock sample for restoring the evolution history of each diagenetic environment;

specifically, a microscope is used for respectively carrying out mirror image relation observation on a sample slice A, a sample slice B and a sample slice C of each rock sample for restoring the evolution history of the diagenetic environment, if the mirror image relation similarity of the sample slice A, the sample slice B and the sample slice C of a certain rock sample is not lower than 90%, the sample slice A, the sample slice B and the sample slice C are reserved, and if not, the sample is removed;

the mirror image corresponding relation research of the slice A, the slice B and the slice C ensures the consistency of the carbonate diagenetic mineral stage for year measurement, temperature measurement and geochemical characteristic analysis and the one-to-one correspondence of various test data.

Step S4: observing carbonate diagenetic minerals of the sample slice A, and determining the periods of the carbonate diagenetic minerals in the rock sample and the types of the carbonate diagenetic minerals in each period;

specifically, the sample slice a is subjected to carbonate diagenetic mineral observation; the type, characteristics and period of the carbonate cement, the period of the corrosion action, the period of the carbonate cement to be corroded and the like are observed in a key way, and a complete and reliable diagenetic sequence is established according to the mutual intersection relation, so that the period of the carbonate diagenetic mineral in the rock sample and the type of the carbonate diagenetic mineral in each period are determined;

the structural components of dolomite of the Qigrelac group of the seismic denier system in the Aksu region are as follows from early to late in sequence: firstly, the surrounding rock → fibrillar annular edge dolomite → foliated dolomite → fine powder grain dolomite → middle grain dolomite → hydrothermal dolomite and quartz (as shown in fig. 2A-fig. 6B).

Step S5: carrying out underground observation on the parallel sample residual part corresponding to the rock sample for restoring the evolution history of the rock forming environment, determining carbonate rock forming minerals corresponding to each stage of subcarbonate rock forming minerals of the sample slice A of the rock sample, and drilling powder samples (each powder sample is 10mg) by using a micro drill for carrying out a cluster isotope (delta 47) test to obtain the cluster isotope temperature of each stage of the subcarbonate rock forming minerals;

the cluster isotope (delta 47 temperature) test is carried out according to the specification and the requirement of the carbonate mineral cluster isotope (delta 47) temperature measurement technology.

Step S6: in a sample slice B corresponding to the rock sample for restoring the evolution history of the diagenetic environment, delineating carbonate cements of each stage corresponding to the carbonate cements of each stage in the sample slice A, and carrying out laser in-situ U-Pb isotope year measurement to obtain the absolute age of the carbonate cements of each stage; the results are shown in FIGS. 7-11, Table 1;

and (3) laser in-situ U-Pb isotope dating according to the specifications and requirements of the carbonate mineral laser in-situ U-Pb isotope dating technology.

Step S7: performing geochemical analysis on the subcarbonate rocks of each stage to obtain the geochemical analysis result of the subcarbonate diagenetic minerals of each stage:

step S71: strontium isotope determination was performed using the remaining part of the parallel sample:

in the parallel sample residual part corresponding to the rock sample for restoring the evolution history of the diagenetic environment, determining carbonate diagenetic minerals corresponding to each stage of subcarbonate diagenetic minerals of a sample slice A of the rock sample, and drilling a powder sample (each powder sample is 1mg) by using a micro drill for carrying out strontium isotope determination to obtain the strontium isotope value of each stage of subcarbonate diagenetic minerals;

the strontium isotope determination is carried out according to the specification and requirements of the strontium isotope determination technology; the results are shown in table 1 and fig. 12;

step S72: and (3) determining trace rare earth elements by using the sample slice B:

performing surface polishing after completing laser in-situ U-Pb isotope dating by using a sample slice B corresponding to the rock sample for restoring the evolution history of the diagenetic environment; in the sample slice B with the polished surface, carbonate diagenetic minerals corresponding to the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals in each stage in the sample slice A of the rock sample are defined and are used for carrying out laser in-situ trace rare earth element determination;

in the step, the content measurement of the trace rare earth elements is carried out according to the specification and the requirement of a laser in-situ trace rare earth element measurement technology; obtaining the content change graphs (figure 13A, figure 13B) of the main trace rare earth elements of the secondary carbonate rock-forming minerals of each stage;

step S73: carbon-oxygen stable isotope assay with sample sheet C:

in a sample slice C corresponding to a rock sample for restoring the evolution history of the diagenetic environment, a carbonate diagenetic mineral corresponding to each stage of a subcarbonate diagenetic mineral in the sample slice A of the rock sample is defined and used for carrying out carbon-oxygen stable isotope determination to obtain a carbon-oxygen stable isotope value of each stage of the subcarbonate diagenetic mineral;

the carbon-oxygen stable isotope determination is carried out according to the specification and requirements of the carbon-oxygen stable isotope determination technology; the results are shown in table 1 and fig. 12;

step S74: cathodoluminescence analysis was performed using sample sheet a:

the cathodoluminescence analysis test is carried out according to the specifications and requirements of cathodoluminescence analysis test technology; the results are shown in fig. 14 and table 1;

TABLE 1

Step S8: establishing a reliable burial history model;

step S81: preliminarily establishing a work area burial history model and acquiring a work area ground temperature gradient;

step S82: correcting the work area burial history model:

correcting the preliminarily established work area burying history model by utilizing the absolute age of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals and the formation temperature of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals and combining the work area ground temperature gradient, and acquiring the work area corrected burying history model as the work area burying history model which is used for acquiring the burying depth of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals by combining the absolute age of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals:

(1) the absolute age of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals is put into a burial history model to obtain the first burial depth of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals, and the formation temperature of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals is used for calculating the second burial depth of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals according to the geothermal gradient;

(2) if the first burial depth of the secondary carbonate cement at each stage is not consistent with the second burial depth, the burial history curve is unreliable, and the burial history curve is modified to ensure that the first burial depth of the secondary carbonate cement at each stage is consistent with the second burial depth, so that the burial history curve after the work area correction is obtained;

(3) if the first burial depth of each stage of the secondary carbonate cement is consistent with the second burial depth, the absolute age of each stage of the secondary carbonate cement and the forming temperature of each stage of the secondary carbonate cement are considered to form a mutual evidence-based relation, the burial history curve is reliable, and the burial history curve is used as a burial curve model after the work area is corrected;

the temperature gradient of the Carnik-early Ordovician in Aksu region is 3.2-3.5 ℃/100m, the temperature gradient of the Shiziji-mud basin period is 3.0 ℃/100m, the temperature gradient of the carbo-period-Ertervern period is 3.0-3.2 ℃/100m, the temperature gradient of the Triterji-Chalkbrook period end is 2.5 ℃/100m, and the temperature gradient of the new generation is 2.0 ℃/100 m. Through the continuous correction of the absolute age of the U-Pb isotope and the temperature of the cluster isotope (delta 47), an ancient geothermal curve and a burial history curve of the Qigbulak group of the seismic denier system in the Aksu region were established (as shown in FIG. 14).

Step S9: determining the diagenetic environment of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals:

step S91: determining the burial depth by combining a burial history model:

step S92: determining a diagenetic environment by combining absolute age, formation temperature, burial depth and geochemical analysis results:

specifically, the method comprises the following steps: (1) dolomite wall rock (results are shown in table 1): the mineral component is mud powder crystal dolomite; absoluteAge ± 565Ma, comparable to or slightly later than the age of the formation, representing the age of the formation or the age of early dolomization; delta₄₇The temperature is 56-58 ℃, is slightly higher than the surface temperature and is related to the drought evaporation background; the strontium isotope is equivalent to the seawater in the same period, the oxygen stable isotope has a low negative value, and the carbon stable isotope has a low positive value, which are both related to the diagenetic environment of the seawater in the same period and are products of dolostomization in the evaporated seawater environment; dim luminescence is realized under the condition of cathode luminescence;

(2) fibrous ring-edged dolomite (results are shown in table 1): exposure of the top of the tegaserod group leads the sediment to be leached by fresh water of early epigenetic atmosphere to form a corrosion hole, the periphery of the hole is filled with fibrous annular calcite, and the fibrous annular calcite is subjected to early dolomization by the alternate seawater evaporation environment; the absolute age is +/-555 Ma, is slightly younger than surrounding rocks and represents the age of early dolomite petrochemicals; delta₄₇The temperature is 60-63 ℃, is slightly higher than that of surrounding rocks, and is related to the alternate evaporation of seawater under the drought climate background; the buried depth is less than 100 m; the strontium isotope and the carbon-oxygen stable isotope are close to the surrounding rock and reflect the alternation of exposure and corrosion before burying and evaporating seawater to form a rock environment; dim-orange moderate luminescence under cathode luminescence;

(3) foliated dolomite (results are shown in table 1): products believed to be seawater diagenetic environments; absolute age of + -542 Ma, Delta₄₇The temperature is 65-68 ℃, the corresponding burial depth is about 300m, the burial depth is probably still influenced by the seawater evaporated in the same period, the age is slightly younger than that of fibrous annular edge dolomite, the age probably represents the age of dolomitic petrifaction, and the temperature is slightly increased and is related to the increase of the burial depth; the strontium isotope has little change compared with the synchronous seawater, which indicates that the influence of the diagenetic environment of the seawater is not separated; the oxygen isotope slightly shifts to a negative value due to the temperature rise, and the carbon isotope has a low positive value and has little relation with the temperature; dim luminescence is realized under the condition of cathode luminescence;

(4) fine powder grain dolomite (results are shown in table 1): absolute age of + -486 Ma, Delta₄₇The temperature is 90 ℃, and the corresponding depth is 1200 m; compared with the foliated dolomite, the strontium isotope is larger than the same-phase seawater value, which shows that the shadow of seawater and atmospheric fresh water is separatedDeep stratum brine causes enrichment of strontium; the oxygen isotope is further biased to be negative and is a response along with the increase of the buried depth and the rise of the temperature, and the carbon isotope is related to the decomposition of organic matters and has little relation with the temperature, so the carbon isotope is not changed greatly along with the increase of the buried depth; the cathode emits light but does not emit light, so that dim light is emitted;

(5) medium grained dolomite (results are shown in table 1): absolute age ± 472Ma, Δ₄₇The temperature is 110 ℃, and the corresponding depth is 1800 m; compared with fine powder grain-shaped dolomite, the strontium isotope is further enriched, the oxygen isotope is further more negative, and the response is that the buried depth and the temperature are further increased; the cathode emits light but does not emit light, so that dim light is emitted;

(6) saddled dolomite (results are shown in table 1): saddle dolomite has two causative types: firstly, hydrothermal dolomite (hydrothermal dolomite) is related to a mantle source substance, and giant crystals and curved crystal faces, typical wavy extinction and formation temperature are obviously higher than the formation temperature; secondly, geothermal dolomite (geothermal dolomite) is related to a deep high-temperature diagenetic medium, coarse grains are the main, atypical curved crystal faces and wavy extinction are adopted, and the formation temperature is equal to or slightly higher than the formation temperature; the absolute age of the saddle-shaped dolomite is + -215 Ma, delta₄₇The temperature is 160 ℃, the corresponding depth is 3500m, and the temperature is geothermal dolomite; compared with medium-grain dolomite, the strontium isotope is further enriched, the oxygen isotope is further more negative, and the response is of deep high-temperature diagenetic environment; the cathode emits orange bright light.

Step S10: establishing a relationship between the carbonate diagenetic mineral type-diagenetic environment and the absolute age (diagenetic mineral-diagenetic environment corresponding relationship and a transition diagram in an absolute age coordinate system) in the absolute age coordinate system based on the type, diagenetic environment and absolute age of each stage of sub-carbonate diagenetic mineral;

specifically, the method comprises the following steps: casting each stage of sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals into a burial history model according to the absolute ages of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals, and specifically establishing a change curve of the type of each stage of sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals and diagenetic environment along with the absolute ages as a relation graph of the type of the carbonate diagenetic minerals, diagenetic environment and the absolute ages under an absolute age coordinate system; the results are shown in FIG. 14.

Based on the corresponding relation between the carbonate diagenetic mineral type and the geochemical characteristics established by the carbonate diagenetic environment evolution history recovery method and the relation between the carbonate diagenetic mineral type and the diagenetic environment and the absolute age under the absolute age coordinate system, the main diagenetic event and pore modification analysis are carried out, and a basis is provided for reservoir distribution prediction. The maguette group develops two sets of reservoirs at the middle part and the top part, the middle laminated dolomites reservoir takes primary pores as main materials and is filled with fine powder granular dolomite and medium grain-shaped dolomite, the top foam cotton layer dolomite reservoir develops erosion holes besides the primary pores and is filled with fibrous ring-edge dolomite, foliate dolomite, fine powder granular dolomite, medium grain-shaped dolomite and saddle-shaped dolomite, and the research on diagenetic mineral-diagenetic environment-geochemistry characteristic transition under an absolute age coordinate system reveals that the reservoir space is mainly formed in sedimentary and early epigenetic environments, and the burial environment is a process of gradually reducing pores through cementation (the result is shown in table 2).

TABLE 2

The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbonate rock diagenesis environment evolution history recovery method comprises the following steps:

obtaining a rock sample for restoring the evolution history of the diagenetic environment of a work area, wherein the rock sample for restoring the evolution history of the diagenetic environment comprises the characteristics of hole development, filling of holes with multi-stage carbonate cements and mutual intersection of the carbonate cements;

2. The method of claim 1, wherein,

determining the periods of the carbonate diagenetic minerals in the rock sample and the types of the carbonate diagenetic minerals in each period, and performing the determination by using a sample slice which is made of the rock sample and has the thickness of 30 +/-3 mu m;

performing isotope year measurement by using sample slice with thickness of 80-100 μm made of rock sample;

when analyzing trace rare earth elements, using sample slices with the thickness of 80-100 μm made of rock samples;

performing carbon-oxygen stable isotope analysis by using sample slice with thickness of 60-70 μm made of rock sample;

performing cluster isotope tests by using powder samples made of rock samples and using the subcarbonate diagenetic minerals of each stage; wherein the mass of the powder sample for carrying out the cluster isotope test is not less than 10 mg;

when the strontium isotope value analysis is carried out, the analysis is carried out by using a powder sample which is made of rock samples and uses the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals of each stage; wherein the mass of the powder sample for carrying out strontium isotope value analysis is not less than 1 mg;

when the cathodoluminescence analysis was performed, it was performed using a sample sheet made of a rock sample and having a thickness of 30. + -.3. mu.m.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbonate rock formation environment evolution history recovery method comprises:

4. The method of claim 3, wherein,

the diameter of the sample slice A is 1.5-2.5 cm;

the diameter of the sample slice B is 1.5-2.5 cm;

the sample chip C has a diameter of 1.5-2.5 cm.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the preparing of the at least 2 parallel samples corresponding to each rock sample for restoring the environmental evolution history of the diagenesis respectively, and the preparing of the sample slice A, the sample slice B and the sample slice C of the rock sample for restoring the environmental evolution history of the diagenesis by using the parallel samples and the remaining of the parallel samples are performed by: cutting each rock sample for restoring the evolution history of the diagenetic environment into a cylinder with the diameter of 1.5-2.5cm and the thickness of 0.8cm, preparing 2 parallel samples along two sides of a section, preparing a sample slice A and a sample slice B from 1 parallel sample, preparing a slice C from the other 1 parallel sample, and reserving the residual part of the parallel sample for later use.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the mirror image similarity of sample slice A, sample slice B, and sample slice C is not less than 90%.

7. The method of claim 1 or 3, wherein the isotope dating is performed using a laser in situ U-Pb isotope dating modality.

8. The method of claim 1 or 3, wherein the obtaining a work area burial history model comprises:

acquiring a ground temperature gradient of a work area;

correcting the preliminarily established work area burying history model by using the absolute age of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals and the formation temperature of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals and combining the work area ground temperature gradient;

and acquiring a buried history model after the correction of the work area as the work area buried history model, wherein the work area buried history model is used for acquiring the buried depth of each stage of sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals by combining the absolute age of each stage of sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the correcting the initially established work area burial history model using the absolute age of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic mineral and the formation temperature of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic mineral in combination with the work area geothermal gradient comprises:

10. The method of claim 1 or 3, wherein the diagenetic environment comprises a seawater diagenetic environment, an atmospheric freshwater diagenetic environment, and a buried diagenetic environment; wherein the seawater diagenetic environment comprises a normal seawater diagenetic environment and an evaporated seawater diagenetic environment, and the atmospheric fresh water diagenetic environment comprises a morning surface diagenetic environment and a evening surface diagenetic environment.

11. The method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the method further comprises:

and establishing a corresponding relation between the type of the carbonate diagenetic minerals and/or the diagenetic environment and the geochemical characteristics based on the established relation between the type of the carbonate diagenetic minerals, the diagenetic environment and the absolute age under the absolute age coordinate system, the type of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals at each stage and the geochemical analysis result of the sub-carbonate diagenetic minerals at each stage.

12. The method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein establishing the relationship of carbonate diagenetic mineral type-diagenetic environment to absolute age in the absolute age coordinate system based on the type, diagenetic environment and absolute age of each stage of the sub-carbonate diagenetic mineral is carried out by: