CN112857462A - Geological risk monitoring system and method in solid-state fluidization exploitation of marine hydrate - Google Patents
Geological risk monitoring system and method in solid-state fluidization exploitation of marine hydrate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a geological risk monitoring system and method in solid-state fluidization exploitation of marine hydrates. The system comprises a bottom-sitting type submarine submerged buoy, a monitoring ship and a remote control unmanned submersible vehicle in the sea, wherein the bottom-sitting type submarine submerged buoy carries various sensors and detection instruments to monitor the seabed in situ to obtain various seabed environment parameters, the monitoring ship carries the bottom-sitting type submarine submerged buoy by sitting, and a lifting device on the monitoring ship and the remote control unmanned submersible vehicle in the sea are used for installing and arranging the submarine submerged buoy. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of distributing the positions of the submarine submerged beacons, dividing low risk positions and high risk positions, and distributing the submarine submerged beacons with higher density at the high risk positions by simulating and analyzing the stability of the stratum of the mining area, wherein the required number is determined according to the number of branch wells and the mining scale. The method has the advantages of wide monitoring range and strong early warning performance, can provide real-time geological risk monitoring, and has important significance on environmental safety in the solid-state fluidization exploitation of the marine natural gas hydrate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a marine monitoring system and method in the field of marine hydrate exploration and development, in particular to a geological risk monitoring system and method in marine hydrate solid-state fluidized exploitation.
Background
The natural gas hydrate is a cage crystal compound which stably exists under low-temperature and high-pressure environmental conditions, and is commonly called as combustible ice. As a new type of clean energy, it is considered as the most potential alternative energy of the 21 st century. The method has the remarkable characteristics of large storage capacity, high gas storage density, wide distribution range and the like, and is mainly distributed in low-temperature and high-pressure environments of land permafrost zones and oceans at the periphery of land margins. The stability of the natural gas hydrate is weak, when the temperature and pressure conditions change, the natural gas hydrate is decomposed, the decomposition of the surface hydrate can be accelerated during the exploitation of the natural gas hydrate, the released gas and water increase the void pressure, the shearing strength of partial areas can be reduced, the bearing capacity of the stratum is uneven, the stratum is finally collapsed, even disastrous geological structures such as gas chimneys and mud volcanoes are formed, the landslide and the shallow structure of the sea bottom are further caused to change, the geological disasters such as tsunamis and earthquakes are induced, and the safety risk of ocean engineering can be greatly increased.
The basic idea of the solid fluidization exploitation of the marine natural gas hydrate reservoir is as follows: crushing a seabed hydrate reservoir in a drill high-pressure jet manner to obtain solid hydrate fragments, mixing a proper amount of hot seawater from the sea surface in the mining and crushing process to form flowable hydrate slurry (fluidization), and then conveying the hydrate slurry from the seabed to an offshore mining platform through a closed pipeline; and decomposing and separating the hydrate slurry by a closed container on the mining platform (or on the seabed) and collecting the escaped natural gas. For hydrate reservoirs drilled and mined through horizontal wells and branch wells thereof, geological risks such as stratum collapse and the like caused by mining of hydrate ore bodies and disordered decomposition of hydrates exist in the mining process and after mining. Therefore, the submarine environment and the formation stability of the mining area during and after the mining need to be monitored. At present, commercial exploitation of the marine natural gas hydrate is not achieved, but trial exploitation is firstly implemented in China, and few monitoring devices aiming at geological risks in the solid-state fluidization exploitation process of the marine natural gas hydrate are arranged at home and abroad. Patent CN 106597551A discloses a method and a device for in-situ electrical monitoring of methane leakage in the exploitation of a seabed natural gas hydrate, the method for in-situ electrical monitoring of the seabed natural gas hydrate is only used for monitoring a sedimentary deposit, the mode for acquiring seabed in-situ environmental information is single, and the comprehensive judgment of geological risk early warning information cannot be realized, so that a system and a method for geological risk monitoring in the solid-state fluidization exploitation of the seabed natural gas hydrate are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a geological risk monitoring system in solid-state fluidization exploitation of marine hydrates, which adopts a bottom-sitting type seabed submerged buoy to monitor the seabed environment in real time, determines the position, reason and evolution rule of geological risk, provides a basis for a geological risk evaluation technology of a solid-state fluidization method, and has a good application prospect.
The invention also aims to provide a method for monitoring the geological risk in the solid-state fluidization exploitation of the marine hydrates by using the system, which has the advantages of strong pertinence, large monitoring range and strong early warning property, can provide real-time geological risk monitoring and has important significance on environmental safety in the solid-state fluidization exploitation of the marine natural gas hydrates.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The invention monitors the seabed in situ by integrating a bottom-sitting type seabed submerged buoy with a methane sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a pH sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an inclination angle sensor and a GPS (global positioning system). Establishing a finite element model of the mining area according to the physical property parameters and the mechanical characteristic parameters of the hydrate reservoir of the mining area and the positions of the horizontal well and the branch well in the mining process, and distributing the submarine subsurface buoy by simulating and analyzing the stability problem of the stratum of the mining area and combining the specific situation of the submarine environment. The change information of the submarine environment on the time sequence is obtained, and the physical and chemical information of the submarine environment in the mining areas in the front, middle and later periods are compared, so that the reason for the change is analyzed. By monitoring the submarine environment in real time, the position, reason and evolution rule of geological risk are determined, and the safety state of the goaf is evaluated again in a seismic inversion mode at the later stage.
A geological risk monitoring system in solid-state fluidized exploitation of marine hydrates comprises a bottom-sitting type submarine submerged buoy, a monitoring ship and a remote-control unmanned submersible vehicle (ROV) in the sea, wherein the bottom-sitting type submarine submerged buoy carries various sensors and detection instruments to monitor the seabed in situ to obtain various seabed environment parameters, the monitoring ship transports the bottom-sitting type submarine submerged buoy, and a lifting device on the monitoring ship and the remote-control unmanned submersible vehicle in the sea are used for installing and arranging the submarine submerged buoy.
The bottom-sitting type submarine submerged buoy comprises a methane sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a pH sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and an inclination angle sensor, and is used for monitoring the submarine in situ. The methane sensor is used for monitoring the concentration of methane in the seawater; the carbon dioxide sensor is used for monitoring the concentration of carbon dioxide in the seawater; the dissolved oxygen sensor is used for monitoring the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the seawater; the pH sensor is used for monitoring the pH value of the seawater; the temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature of the seawater; a pressure sensor for measuring ambient pressure; and the inclination angle sensor is used for monitoring the inclination angle change of the seabed surface layer.
The monitoring ship is provided with a monitoring platform, the monitoring platform carries a signal transmitting and receiving control system and is used for receiving and transmitting signals, collecting monitoring data of the submarine submerged buoy in real time through an underwater acoustic communication technology to synchronously monitor the submarine environment, sorting and judging the real-time data, and controlling the starting and the closing of a sensor and a detection instrument of the submarine submerged buoy.
The bottom-sitting type submarine submerged buoy is provided with a signal transmitting and receiving device and a signal responding device. The signal transmitting and receiving device is used for receiving and transmitting signals; the signal response device is used for starting and closing various sensors and detection instruments.
The bottom-sitting type submarine submerged buoy carries other auxiliary devices, including a data storage device, a storage battery, a lifting ring, a heavy object and a GPS (global positioning system). The data storage is used for storing data; the storage battery supplies power to the instrument; the hoisting ring is used for hoisting; the heavy object is convenient for fixing the bottom-sitting type submarine submerged buoy; the GPS is used for positioning and recovering the submarine submerged buoy.
The bottom-sitting type submarine submerged buoy has high pressure resistance, is internally waterproof, and has the maximum use depth of 3000 meters underwater.
The bottom-sitting type submarine submerged buoy works independently without mutual influence, and a single submarine submerged buoy can be replaced.
The submarine submerged buoy carries large-capacity batteries, the number of battery packs is increased or decreased according to a working plan, long-time continuous observation can be carried out, and the whole period of solid-state fluidized mining is covered.
The remote control unmanned submersible vehicle is provided with an underwater camera system, so that the seabed morphological structure of a mining area is obtained in real time, the confirmation of shallow geological disasters is assisted, and monitoring blind areas are reduced.
Geophysical equipment is arranged on the monitoring ship, and geological risks in the depth range of a mining reservoir and a goaf under the seabed are further evaluated through geophysical methods such as high-resolution seismic stratum analysis, seismic attribute inversion and the like.
The method for monitoring the geological risk in the solid-state fluidized exploitation of the marine hydrate by using the system comprises the following steps: establishing a finite element model of the mining area according to physical parameters and mechanical characteristic parameters of a hydrate reservoir of the mining area and positions of a horizontal well and a branch well in the mining process, analyzing the stability of strata of the mining area through simulation, arranging the positions of submarine submerged markers, dividing low-risk positions and high-risk positions through simulation analysis, arranging the submarine submerged markers with higher density at the high-risk positions, wherein the required number is determined according to the number of the branch wells and the mining scale.
Furthermore, interference of special geological structures such as a seabed cold spring and the like can be eliminated according to specific seabed environment during arrangement, the cold spring is overflow of some fluid components generated after decomposition of natural gas hydrate under the seabed on the surface of the seabed, the temperature of the cold spring is basically consistent with the temperature around the seabed, and the overflow fluid is rich in components such as methane, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, so that interference on monitoring of the seabed environment can be generated.
Furthermore, the positions of the submarine submerged beacons are arranged according to the drilling and production positions in actual work during arrangement, the arrangement density depends on the risk after simulation analysis, the submarine submerged beacons with higher density are arranged at high-risk positions, and the distance between two monitoring points is not less than 30 meters and not more than 100 meters.
Preferably, multiple sensor and detecting instrument that sit bottom formula seabed and stealthily mark and carry on can work for a long time and satisfy the monitoring needs at seabed high pressure low temperature environment, and monitoring radius 0.5 meters, wherein, methane sensor, operating temperature: -5 to +30 ℃, monitoring the concentration: 30 nmol/L-5000 mmol/L, detection precision: less than or equal to +/-3 percent, linearity error: less than or equal to +/-1 percent. Response time: no more than 20 seconds, zero drift: less than or equal to +/-1 percent (F.S/year); carbon dioxide sensor, measurement range: 0-3000 ppm, the resolution can reach: 1 ppm; dissolved oxygen sensor, resolution: 0.01mg/L, accuracy: plus or minus 0.2mg/L, working range: 0-20 mg/L, response time: 40 seconds or less, resolution: 0.01 ℃, accuracy: typical values ± 0.2 ℃, calibration range: 0-35 ℃, working temperature: 0-40 ℃; pH sensor, range: 0-14, pH resolution of 0.01pH, accuracy of +/-0.1 pH; temperature sensor, measurement range: -50 ℃ to +50 ℃, measurement accuracy: plus or minus 0.1 ℃; pressure sensor, comprehensive accuracy: 0.1% FS, operating temperature: -20 ℃ to 85 ℃; preheating time: not less than 5 seconds, working temperature: -50 ℃ to +100 ℃; tilt sensor, operating temperature: -30-65 ℃, precision 0-10 ℃: 0.1 degree, 10-45 degrees: plus or minus 1 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
the invention can transmit the submarine environment parameters back to the sea surface monitoring platform through the underwater acoustic communication technology, monitor and collect and transmit data, carry out long-term in-situ monitoring on the existing or potential geological disaster area, can be remotely controlled or automatically collected according to a set program, only needs a power supply system to provide power supply, and has high automation degree and low operation cost.
The invention integrates various sensors and detection instruments together to carry out long-period in-situ observation on the seabed environment of the reservoir and the goaf of the solid fluidized exploitation of the marine natural gas hydrate, and avoids the measurement error possibly caused by the existing method by means of ROV (remote operated vehicle) auxiliary monitoring and the like.
The method for monitoring the reservoir and the goaf in the solid fluidization exploitation of the hydrate has the advantages of strong pertinence, strong operability, large monitoring range, strong early warning performance, good application prospect and important significance on the environmental safety in the solid fluidization exploitation of the natural gas hydrate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a geological risk monitoring method in a solid-state fluidized mining process according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a geological risk monitoring system in the solid-state fluidized mining process according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-monitoring ship, 2-seabed submerged buoy and 3-remote control unmanned submersible.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of subsea submerged beacons of the geological risk monitoring system during solid-state fluidized mining according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings so as to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in scope to the specific embodiments, but is intended to cover various modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
See fig. 1, 2, 3.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a geological risk monitoring method in a solid-state fluidized mining process. Before the implementation of hydrate exploitation, a monitoring ship 1 is used for transporting a bottom type submarine submerged buoy 2, the submarine submerged buoy 2 is installed and arranged through a hoisting device on the monitoring ship 1 and a remote control unmanned submersible vehicle 3 in the sea (as shown in figure 2), and interference of special geological structures such as a submarine cold spring and the like can be eliminated according to specific submarine environments during arrangement. The positions of the submarine submerged buoy are arranged according to the drilling and production positions in actual work, and the arrangement density is determined according to the risk after simulation analysis.
Establishing a finite element model of the mining area according to physical parameters and mechanical characteristic parameters of a hydrate reservoir of the mining area and the positions of a horizontal well and a branch well in the mining process, distributing the positions of the submarine subsurface landmarks 2 by simulating and analyzing the stability problem of the stratum of the mining area, dividing the low risk positions and the high risk positions (as shown in figure 3) by simulating and analyzing, distributing the submarine subsurface landmarks 2 with higher density at the high risk positions, wherein the distance between two monitoring points is not less than 30 meters and not more than 100 meters, and the required number is determined according to the number of the branch wells and the mining scale.
After the submarine submerged buoy 2 is installed, various sensors and detection instruments in the submarine submerged buoy 2 are started through a control platform of the monitoring ship 1, the monitoring ship 1 transmits signals through a signal transmitter, the submarine submerged buoy 2 receives the signals through a signal receiver and executes corresponding operations through a signal transponder, physical and chemical parameters and the like of seawater at the moment are measured, measured data are stored in a data storage device, and the submarine submerged buoy 2 sends the measured data to the monitoring ship 1 in real time through a signal transmitting device. All the submarine submerged beacons 2 are connected by using an underwater acoustic communication technology, and all monitoring data of the submarine submerged beacons 2 are received.
The submarine submerged buoy 2 carries a large-capacity battery, and can carry out long-time continuous observation. The whole solid-state fluidization exploitation period is covered, the battery pack carried by the seabed submerged buoy 2 supplies power, the number of the battery packs is required to ensure that the continuous capability of the seabed monitor covers the whole hydrate solid-state fluidization exploitation period, and the working system can be increased or decreased according to the actual condition. If in the early stage after the installation of the submarine subsurface buoy 2, the reservoir which is not exploited can be worked for 6 times every day and 10 minutes every 4 hours; in the drilling and production process of the solid fluidization of the natural gas hydrate, the drilling and production process has large influence on the stratum due to the production activity, and the drilling and production process can work for 12 times every day and 20 minutes every 2 hours; after drilling and mining are finished, the device can work for a goaf of a reservoir for 6 times every day and work for 10 minutes every 4 hours. The power required by the operation of the measuring device is provided by a storage battery, and various sensors and detecting instruments are in a standby state at other times in order to reduce energy consumption. The method can cross the monitoring periods of the early stage, the middle stage and the later stage of mining, can obtain the change information of the submarine environment on a time sequence, compares the physical and chemical information of the submarine environment of mining areas in the early stage, the middle stage and the later stage, analyzes the reason causing the change, can transmit the monitored environment information to a monitoring platform in real time, and arranges the real-time data by platform workers and judges the possibility of geological risk.
In the monitoring process, when special conditions occur, the remote control unmanned submersible vehicle 3 with an underwater camera system can further confirm the conditions of the monitoring site. When the monitoring ship 1 finds that the single submarine submerged buoy 2 has data transmission or working obstacles of various sensors and detection instruments, the single submarine submerged buoy 2 can be replaced by the standby submarine submerged buoy 2, and the submarine submerged buoy 2 works independently without mutual influence. After the submarine submerged buoy 2 finishes working, the remote control unmanned submersible vehicle 3 assists in lifting and recovering the submarine to the monitoring ship 1, the battery is replaced, and the submarine can be reused after being overhauled.
The monitoring ship 1 carries a sound wave excitation and receiving device and the like required by geophysical prospecting, and can further evaluate the underground geological risk condition by combining means such as seismic inversion and the like.
Claims (12)
1. A geological risk monitoring system in solid-state fluidization exploitation of marine hydrates comprises a bottom-sitting type submarine submerged buoy, a monitoring ship and a remote control unmanned submersible in the sea, and is characterized in that the bottom-sitting type submarine submerged buoy carries various sensors and detection instruments to monitor the seabed in situ to obtain various seabed environment parameters, the monitoring ship transports the bottom-sitting type submarine submerged buoy, and a lifting device on the monitoring ship and the remote control unmanned submersible in the sea are used for installing and arranging the submarine submerged buoy.
2. The system for monitoring geological risk in solid-state fluidized mining of marine hydrates according to claim 1, wherein said submersible subsea buoy comprises a methane sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a pH sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an inclination sensor.
3. The system for monitoring geological risk in solid-state fluidized exploitation of marine hydrates according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring vessel is provided with a monitoring platform, the monitoring platform carries a signal transmitting and receiving control system for receiving and transmitting signals, collecting monitoring data of the submarine submerged buoy in real time to synchronously monitor the submarine environment, collating and judging the real-time data, and controlling the sensors and detecting instruments of the submarine submerged buoy to be started and stopped.
4. The system for monitoring geological risk in solid-state fluidized exploitation of marine hydrates according to claim 1, wherein the submersible subsea buoy carries a signal transmitting and receiving device and a signal responding device.
5. The system for monitoring geological risk in solid-state fluidized mining of marine hydrates according to claim 1, wherein the submersible subsea buoy carries other auxiliary devices including data storage, storage battery, slinger, weight and GPS.
6. The system for monitoring geological risk in solid-state fluidized marine hydrate mining of claim 1, wherein the submersible subsea buoy has high pressure resistance and is internally waterproof, and has a maximum depth of use of 3000 meters underwater.
7. The system for monitoring geological risk in solid-state fluidized mining of marine hydrates according to claim 1, wherein the submarine buoy carries a large-capacity battery, and the number of battery packs is increased or decreased according to a working plan, covering the whole period of solid-state fluidized mining.
8. The system for monitoring geological risk in solid-state fluidization exploitation of marine hydrates according to claim 1, wherein the remotely-controlled unmanned vehicle is equipped with an underwater camera system to acquire a seabed morphological structure of an exploitation area in real time and assist in confirmation of shallow geological disasters.
9. The system for monitoring geological risk in solid-state fluidized mining of marine hydrates according to claim 1, wherein geophysical prospecting equipment is installed on the monitoring vessel to further evaluate geological risk in the depth range of the mining reservoir and the goaf under the seabed through high-resolution seismic stratigraphic analysis and seismic attribute inversion.
10. A method of monitoring geological risk in solid state fluidized marine hydrate production using the system of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, comprising: establishing a finite element model of the mining area according to physical parameters and mechanical characteristic parameters of a hydrate reservoir of the mining area and positions of a horizontal well and a branch well in the mining process, analyzing the stability of strata of the mining area through simulation, arranging the positions of submarine submerged markers, dividing low-risk positions and high-risk positions through simulation analysis, arranging the submarine submerged markers with higher density at the high-risk positions, wherein the required number is determined according to the number of the branch wells and the mining scale.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the deployment excludes interference from subsea cold springs.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the subsea buoy is deployed at a location that is in the actual drilling location, the density of deployment is determined by the risk after the simulation analysis, and the higher density subsea buoy is deployed at the high risk location, and the distance between the two monitoring points is not less than 30 meters and not more than 100 meters.
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