CN112846233B - Method for eliminating cracks in additive manufacturing metal material - Google Patents
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- CN112846233B CN112846233B CN202011613587.5A CN202011613587A CN112846233B CN 112846233 B CN112846233 B CN 112846233B CN 202011613587 A CN202011613587 A CN 202011613587A CN 112846233 B CN112846233 B CN 112846233B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for eliminating cracks in an additive manufacturing metal material, which comprises the following steps: heating and preserving the heat of the additive manufacturing metal material containing the cracks, then carrying out isostatic pressing treatment at the preserving temperature, and cooling to obtain the additive manufacturing metal material with the cracks eliminated. The elimination method provided by the invention adopts a trace remelting method to form an intergranular liquid film, backfills cracks to form a solid-liquid two-phase coexisting state, then controls the resolidification rate to realize uniform solidification shrinkage of the material, can apply isostatic pressure in the process to inhibit shrinkage cavity generation, finally realizes crack healing and component densification, and can also improve the comprehensive mechanical property of the component.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of defect elimination, in particular to a method for eliminating cracks in additive manufacturing metal materials.
Background
At present, additive manufacturing technology is a digital manufacturing technology for realizing the die-free forming of a component through material layer-by-layer additive accumulation. The method organically integrates material preparation/precise forming, and makes three-dimensional complex-shape parts into simple two-dimensional plane shapes by overlapping layer by layer, overcomes the limitation that the traditional process is difficult to process or can not process, and can realize free manufacturing in the true sense. The metal laser additive manufacturing technology integrates the advantages of low cost, short flow, high performance, integration of shape control, controllability and the like, can provide a brand new and effective solution for the preparation of metal components difficult to process in the traditional process, and has a very wide application prospect in the fields of high-added-value metal components such as aerospace, heavy weapon equipment, automobiles and the like.
Cracking is one of the main failure modes of laser additive manufacturing components, and is a main factor restricting the application of high-performance metals, especially alloy laser additive manufacturing technology with high crack sensitivity. The crack forms generated in the laser additive manufacturing process mainly comprise solidification cracks and liquefaction cracks, wherein the solidification cracks are mainly caused by that a liquid film between crystals in the later solidification period of a molten pool is pulled away by thermal stress; the liquefied crack is mainly formed by remelting the low-melting eutectic phase among the crystals of the heat affected zone under the action of solidification heat to form a liquid film, and tearing the liquid film under the action of heat stress. Based on analysis of the form and formation mechanism of the printed crack, two requirements for crack generation in laser additive manufacturing are known: the low-melting-point phase in the late solidification or heat affected zone liquefies so as to form a continuous or semi-continuous liquid film at the grain boundary position; there is a sufficient tensile stress near the liquid film.
At present, the control method for printing cracks at home and abroad is mainly focused on two factors of online regulation and control. CN110918992a discloses a method for manufacturing additive of high-temperature alloy, which eliminates cracking tendency in the manufacturing process of additive of high-temperature alloy and microcracks in the workpiece by controlling the proportion range of elements such as C, B in alloy powder; however, the method of improving the hot cracking sensitivity of an alloy by adjusting the composition will change the composition of the alloy and will affect the properties of the alloy, so that only a part of the alloy system is suitable for this method.
CN206028732U discloses a preheating device for powder bed in metal additive manufacturing, which adopts microwaves to preheat a metal powder bed, solves the problem of limited heating temperature of the existing additive manufacturing equipment, reduces the temperature gradient in the forming process by increasing the preheating temperature of the powder bed, and further reduces the thermal stress to improve the cracking tendency of the alloy.
CN208513642U discloses a laser additive manufacturing device with preheating function and cooling buffer function, which can effectively reduce the temperature gradient in the cladding process, reduce thermal stress, and inhibit crack defect. However, this method will greatly increase the cost of the printing equipment, while the space for preheating the substrate is limited, and is often suitable for smaller-sized printed matter.
The research method is to regulate and control the solidification behavior of the alloy on line in the printing process or to reduce the thermal stress by preheating the matrix material so as to inhibit the generation of cracks. There are also studies showing that post-treatment of a print with microcracks is also effective in eliminating print cracks. CN105562694a discloses a three-control method of hot isostatic pressing suitable for additive manufacturing parts, which aims at different printed part materials and defect conditions, keeps the temperature for 2-4 hours in a high temperature area lower than the solidus temperature of alloy, applies a static pressure of 120-200MPa in the treatment process, ensures the shape and size precision of the additive manufacturing parts, obtains proper phases and tissues, and improves the performance of the parts. The hot isostatic pressing technology is an effective measure for eliminating defects such as holes and cracks in a metal component, however, the technology has high process cost and can not heal the holes and cracks on the surface of the component.
CN108994304a discloses a method for eliminating cracks in metal material additive manufacturing and improving mechanical properties, which adopts a spark plasma sintering technology to heat a metal additive manufacturing block to 0.8-0.9 times of recrystallization temperature, and simultaneously adopts a mechanical pressurizing method to apply 30-50MPa pressure, so as to realize the healing of printing cracks. The technical principle is similar to that of hot isostatic pressing, namely, crack healing is realized by applying pressure to a metal solid high-temperature area, however, the method needs to realize the compaction of a block body by mechanically pressurizing a die, so that only regular structures such as the block body or a cylinder body can be processed, printing parts with complex structures can not be processed, and the manufacturing of a complex-shaped member is the core advantage of the additive manufacturing technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for eliminating cracks in additive manufacturing metal materials, which is characterized in that the areas near the cracks are remelted in a trace way, the cracks are backfilled by means of solid-liquid phase volume expansion, then the original printing hot cracks are completely eliminated by controlling the resolidification process, and meanwhile, the comprehensive mechanical property of a component can be improved.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for eliminating cracks in an additive manufacturing metal material, which comprises the following steps: heating and preserving heat of the additive manufacturing metal material containing the cracks, then carrying out isostatic pressing treatment at the preserving temperature, and cooling to obtain the additive manufacturing metal material with the cracks eliminated; the pressure of the isostatic pressing treatment is less than or equal to 10MPa.
The elimination method provided by the invention adopts a trace remelting method to form an intergranular liquid film, backfills cracks to form a solid-liquid two-phase coexisting state, then controls the resolidification rate to realize uniform solidification shrinkage of the material, can apply isostatic pressure in the process to inhibit shrinkage cavity generation, finally realizes crack healing and component densification, and can also improve the comprehensive mechanical property of the component. This is because the position where the crack is generated is the grain boundary position where the molten pool solidifies last, regardless of whether the liquid film at the end of solidification is torn by thermal stress or the low-melting-point phase of the heat affected zone is torn by thermal stress after being melted twice. By adopting a micro remelting method, grain boundaries are remelted by a small amount, and cracks are healed by the generated liquid phase volume expansion backfill cracks due to solid-liquid phase transformation, and then the thermal stress of the re-solidification is regulated and controlled by controlling the solidification rate, namely the cooling rate, so that the uniform shrinkage of the component is realized, and the cracks are prevented from being regenerated. A certain isostatic pressure is applied in the secondary solidification process, and shrinkage cavity generation is restrained through uniform elastic deformation
In the present invention, the pressure of the isostatic pressing treatment may be 10MPa or less, 9MPa, 8MPa, 7MPa, 6MPa, 5MPa, 4MPa, 3MPa, 2MPa, 1MPa, 0MPa, or the like, for example, but the present invention is not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the above range are equally applicable.
In the invention, when the pressure of the hot isostatic pressing treatment is 0MPa, the heat preservation treatment in the process is directly carried out, and the temperature is reduced.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the additive manufacturing metal material comprises 1 of nickel base alloy, cobalt base alloy, aluminum base alloy, iron base alloy, titanium base alloy and copper base alloy.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the final temperature of the heating is 5 to 60 ℃ above the solidus temperature of the alloy, and may be, for example, 5 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃, 40 ℃, 45 ℃, 50 ℃, 55 ℃, 60 ℃, or the like, but not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the range are equally applicable.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the heating rate of the heating is 10-100 ℃ per minute, for example, 10 ℃/min, 20 ℃/min, 30 ℃/min, 40 ℃/min, 50 ℃/min, 60 ℃/min, 70 ℃/min, 80 ℃/min, 90 ℃/min or 100 ℃/min, but the heating rate is not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the range are equally applicable, preferably 10-30 ℃/min.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the heat preservation temperature of the heat preservation is the end temperature of the heating.
Preferably, the time of the incubation is 5-60min, for example, 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min, 25min, 30min, 35min, 40min, 45min, 50min, 55min or 60min, etc., but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values within the range are equally applicable.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the pressurizing rate in the isostatic pressing treatment is 1-5MPa/min, for example, 1MPa/min, 1.5MPa/min, 2MPa/min, 2.5MPa/min, 3MPa/min, 3.5MPa/min, 4MPa/min, 4.5MPa/min or 5MPa/min, etc., but not limited to the recited values, other non-recited values within the range are equally applicable, and preferably 2-3MPa/min.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the cooling rate of the cooling is 1-10 ℃ per minute, for example, 1 ℃/min, 2 ℃/min, 3 ℃/min, 4 ℃/min, 5 ℃/min, 6 ℃/min, 7 ℃/min, 8 ℃/min, 9 ℃/min or 10 ℃/min and the like, but the cooling rate is not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the range are applicable as well, and the cooling rate is preferably 1-3 ℃/min.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the final temperature of the temperature reduction is 20 to 30 ℃ below the solidus temperature of the metal material after the isostatic treatment, and may be, for example, 20 ℃, 21 ℃, 22 ℃, 23 ℃, 24 ℃, 25 ℃, 26 ℃, 27 ℃, 28 ℃, 29 ℃ or 30 ℃, etc., but not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the range are equally applicable.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, furnace-following cooling is carried out after the temperature reduction reaches the end temperature.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the elimination method comprises the following steps: heating and preserving heat of the additive manufacturing metal material containing the cracks, then carrying out isostatic pressing treatment at the preserving temperature, and cooling to obtain the additive manufacturing metal material with the cracks eliminated;
the final temperature of the heating is 5-60 ℃ above the solidus temperature of the alloy, and the heating rate of the heating is 10-100 ℃/min;
the heat preservation temperature of the heat preservation is the end temperature of the heating, and the heat preservation time is 5-60min;
the pressure of the isostatic pressing treatment is less than or equal to 10MPa, and the pressurizing rate in the isostatic pressing treatment is 1-5MPa/min;
the cooling rate of the cooling is 1-10 ℃/min, and the end temperature of the cooling is 20-30 ℃ below the solidus temperature of the metal material after the isostatic pressing treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
(1) The elimination method provided by the invention adopts a trace remelting method to form an intergranular liquid film, backfills cracks to form a solid-liquid two-phase coexisting state, realizes uniform solidification shrinkage of the material by controlling the resolidification rate, simultaneously applies isostatic pressure in the process, inhibits the generation of shrinkage cavities, finally realizes the healing of the cracks and the densification of the additive manufacturing member, and simultaneously improves the comprehensive mechanical property of the additive manufacturing member.
(2) By the elimination method provided by the invention, the porosity of the cracked additive manufacturing metal material is reduced to below 0.0009% after the processing, and the tensile strength and the elongation of the processed metal material are obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the microstructure of a sample of an additive manufactured metallic material used in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the density comparison before and after sample treatment in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the internal defect distribution before and after sample processing in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the density comparison before and after sample treatment in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the internal defect distribution before and after sample treatment in example 2 of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in further detail below. The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to represent or limit the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
Detailed Description
For a better illustration of the present invention, which is convenient for understanding the technical solution of the present invention, exemplary but non-limiting examples of the present invention are as follows:
the additive metal material is obtained by the following method:
(1) the material IN738LC precipitation strengthened superalloy spherical powder was selected, d10=20.5 μm, d50=30.8 μm, d90=40 μm. Preparing an IN738LC alloy block by adopting a selective laser melting process, wherein the selective laser melting process comprises the following parameters: the laser power is 250w, the scanning speed is 1000mm/s, the scanning interval is 90 mu m, and the layering thickness is 30 mu m;
(2) after the part is formed, the microstructure of the printed part is analyzed, and the result is shown as figure 1, which shows that the printing defects exist in the form of cracks in the process;
(3) 1 block of each of sample a (15 mm x 15mm cube), sample B (3 mm x 3mm cube), sample C (15 mm x 15mm cube) and sample D (3 mm x 3mm cube) was prepared separately; a tensile sample for mechanical property test;
(4) the density value of the sample A is tested by adopting an Archimedes density test method, and the relative density of the block is calculated to be 99.15%; analyzing the internal defects of the sample B by adopting an x-CT test technology, and measuring that the crack volume ratio is 0.826%; the density value of the sample C is tested by adopting an Archimedes density test method, and the density is calculated to be 99.09%; analyzing the internal defect space distribution of the sample D by adopting an x-CT test technology, and measuring that the crack volume ratio is 0.889%;
example 1
The embodiment provides a method for eliminating cracks in an additive manufacturing metal material, which is used for processing samples A and B;
placing a sample A, B into a heat treatment furnace, vacuumizing the furnace body, introducing high-purity argon to inhibit sample oxidization, heating the sample to 1285 ℃ along with the furnace, keeping the temperature for 5min after the temperature is raised to a target temperature, cooling to 1200 ℃ at a speed of 2 ℃/min, namely the pressure of hot isostatic pressing treatment is 0MPa, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and taking out the sample;
the density value of the sample A (after treatment) was measured by an Archimedes density measurement method, and the density was increased to 99.86%. Figure 2 compares the density of sample a before and after treatment.
The porosity reduction was measured by analyzing the internal defect space of sample B (after treatment) using the x-CT test technique to be 0.144%. FIG. 3 in situ compares the internal defect distribution before and after sample B treatment.
Tensile properties were tested on the product before and after treatment, and the sample size and test method followed the ASTM E8 standard. The test results show that the tensile strength of the untreated IN738LC at 850 ℃ is 400MPa, the elongation is 4.5%, and after the elimination treatment, the tensile strength is 770MPa, and the elongation is 6.7%.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for eliminating cracks in an additive manufacturing metal material, which is used for processing samples C and D;
placing the samples C and D into a heat treatment furnace, vacuumizing the furnace body, introducing high-purity argon gas to inhibit sample oxidation, heating the samples to 1285 ℃ along with the furnace, keeping the temperature at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and starting to boost the furnace body by air pressure after keeping the target temperature for 5min, wherein the isostatic pressure is 7MPa, and the boosting rate is 2.5MPa/min. Then keeping the pressure constant, cooling to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, releasing pressure, and taking out the sample;
the density value of the sample C (after treatment) was measured by an Archimedes density measurement method, and the density was increased to 99.99%. Figure 4 compares the density of sample C before and after treatment.
The porosity reduction was measured to be 0.0009% by analysis of the internal defect space of sample D (after treatment) using the x-CT test technique. Fig. 5 in situ compares the internal defect distribution before and after sample D treatment.
Tensile properties were tested on the product before and after treatment, and the sample size and test method followed the ASTM E8 standard. The test results show that the tensile strength of the untreated IN738LC at 850 ℃ is 400MPa, the elongation is 4.5%, and the tensile strength after the elimination treatment is 860MPa, and the elongation is 9.8%.
As can be seen from the results of the above examples, the present invention achieves the elimination of cracks in the additively manufactured metal material by controlling the heating rate and the cooling rate within a reasonable temperature range, and further enhances the elimination of cracks by further hot isostatic pressing treatment, and further improves the tensile strength and elongation.
The applicant states that the detailed structural features of the present invention are described by the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed structural features, i.e. it does not mean that the present invention must be implemented depending on the above detailed structural features. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modifications of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of selected components of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope of the present invention and the scope of the disclosure.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the specific features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations are not described further.
Moreover, any combination of the various embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should also be considered as disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A method of eliminating cracks in additively manufactured metallic materials, the method comprising the steps of: heating and preserving heat of the additive manufacturing metal material containing the cracks, then carrying out isostatic pressing treatment at the preserving temperature, and cooling to obtain the additive manufacturing metal material with the cracks eliminated; the pressure of the isostatic pressing treatment is 1-10 MPa;
the final temperature of the heating is 5-60 ℃ above the solidus temperature of the alloy;
the metal material is an alloy material;
the cooling rate of the cooling is 1-3 ℃/min;
the final temperature of the cooling is 20-30 ℃ below the solidus temperature of the metal material after the isostatic pressing treatment;
cooling along with the furnace after the temperature is reduced to reach the end temperature;
the heating rate of the heating is 10-100 ℃/min;
the heat preservation temperature of the heat preservation is the end temperature of the heating;
the heat preservation time is 5-60min.
2. The abatement method of claim 1, wherein the additive manufacturing metal material comprises 1 of a nickel-based alloy, a cobalt-based alloy, an aluminum-based alloy, an iron-based alloy, a titanium-based alloy, and a copper-based alloy.
3. The abatement method of claim 1, wherein the heating has a ramp rate of 10-30 ℃/min.
4. The abatement method of claim 1, wherein a boost rate in the isostatic treatment is 1-5MPa/min.
5. The abatement method of claim 4, wherein the rate of pressurization in the isostatic treatment is 2-3MPa/min.
6. The cancellation method of claim 1, wherein the cancellation method comprises the steps of: heating and preserving heat of the additive manufacturing metal material containing the cracks, then carrying out isostatic pressing treatment at the preserving temperature, and cooling to obtain the additive manufacturing metal material with the cracks eliminated;
the final temperature of the heating is 5-60 ℃ above the solidus temperature of the alloy, and the heating rate of the heating is 10-100 ℃/min;
the metal material is an alloy material;
the heat preservation temperature of the heat preservation is the end temperature of the heating, and the heat preservation time is 5-60min;
the pressure of the isostatic pressing treatment is 1-10 MPa, and the pressurizing rate in the isostatic pressing treatment is 1-5MPa/min;
the cooling rate of the cooling is 1-3 ℃/min, and the end temperature of the cooling is 20-30 ℃ below the solidus temperature of the metal material after the isostatic pressing treatment.
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| CN202011613587.5A CN112846233B (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Method for eliminating cracks in additive manufacturing metal material |
| PCT/CN2021/104751 WO2022142249A1 (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2021-07-06 | Method for eliminating cracks in additive manufacturing metal material |
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| CN113733554A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-12-03 | 华中科技大学 | Method and device for forming high molecular parts by microwave and infrared radiation in composite mode |
| CN114734055B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2023-07-11 | 航发优材(镇江)增材制造有限公司 | Laser metal deposition preparation method for boss structure of engine diffuser |
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| JP2000190064A (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2000-07-11 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Ingot reforming method |
| EP2900416A4 (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2016-05-25 | United Technologies Corp | Repair of casting defects |
| US10056541B2 (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2018-08-21 | Apple Inc. | Metallic glass meshes, actuators, sensors, and methods for constructing the same |
| CN105562694B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2018-12-21 | 中国钢研科技集团有限公司 | A kind of three prosecutor method of hot isostatic pressing suitable for increasing material manufacturing components |
| IT201600116950A1 (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2018-05-18 | Nuovo Pignone Tecnologie Srl | Method for repairing parts of turbomachines by hybrid isostatic hot pressing procedure |
| CN106956079A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-07-18 | 江苏大学 | A kind of method that metal surface micro-crack is made in micro- consolidation of laser up |
| CN107971491B (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2020-01-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for eliminating microcracks of nickel-based superalloy parts manufactured by selective electron beam melting and material increase |
| GB201808824D0 (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-07-11 | Rolls Royce Plc | Crack reduction for additive layer manufacturing |
| CN109550957B (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2020-01-21 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing powder metallurgy stretching eutectic high-entropy alloy by 3D printing |
| CN112846233B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2023-06-09 | 南方科技大学 | Method for eliminating cracks in additive manufacturing metal material |
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