CN112845101B - Method and device for separating coal and gangue by using high-speed belt conveyor underground - Google Patents
Method and device for separating coal and gangue by using high-speed belt conveyor underground Download PDFInfo
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- CN112845101B CN112845101B CN202110001339.3A CN202110001339A CN112845101B CN 112845101 B CN112845101 B CN 112845101B CN 202110001339 A CN202110001339 A CN 202110001339A CN 112845101 B CN112845101 B CN 112845101B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
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- B07B13/11—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices using momentum effects involving travel of particles over surfaces which separate by centrifugal force or by relative friction between particles and such surfaces, e.g. helical sorters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for separating coal and gangue by using a high-speed belt conveyor underground. The device mainly comprises two belt conveyors, wherein one belt conveyor runs at a normal speed and mainly transports coal and gangue from a working face; and the other is a belt conveyor running at high speed, the main purpose of which is to accelerate the coal and gangue. The novel underground coal and gangue separating device provided by the experiment has the advantages of convenience in installation, simple structure, safety and reliability in operation, small used space and the like; the method can effectively prevent the gangue from being discharged out of the well and directly backfill the gangue into the goaf.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for separating underground coal and gangue, which can be directly applied to the separation of the underground coal and the gangue in a mine.
Background
In the process of coal mining, a large amount of gangue is contained in the mined coal due to the fact that a large amount of gangue is mixed in a top plate, a bottom plate and a coal seam. These coals cannot be directly utilized and need to be subjected to a gangue removal treatment.
In the traditional coal mining process, the coal containing coal gangue is treated by being transported out of the ground and then screened by a coal preparation plant. The method has many disadvantages and hazards, and a lot of energy is additionally consumed for lifting the gangue from the underground; a plurality of resources are consumed in the coal washing process; the separated coal gangue wastes land resources, and can generate conditions of spontaneous combustion, rain, mud and the like, thereby causing serious harm to the environment.
Therefore, if the gangue can be separated underground, the method has great significance for protecting the environment and saving energy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for separating coal and gangue in a small space underground, which have the advantages of simple structure, easy operation and low cost.
The invention utilizes the physical difference of the coal and the gangue in the aspect of the roughness degree to lead the coal and the gangue to have different accelerations on the high-speed belt conveyor, thereby leading the coal and the gangue to obtain different speeds after the coal and the gangue run on the high-speed belt conveyor for the same distance. After the coal and the gangue are separated from the conveyor belt, the coal and the gangue can be obliquely thrown, and the coal and the gangue have different initial speeds, so that the coal and the gangue have different running tracks in the air, and can be separated according to different falling points. The coal and the gangue conveyed by the constant-speed belt conveyor fall into the high-speed belt conveyor, and the coal and the gangue have different accelerated speeds due to different friction forces, so that the coal and the gangue fall into different separation bins due to different movement tracks when the coal and the gangue are obliquely thrown, and the separation of the coal and the gangue is realized.
Because the coal structure is loose and the surface of the gangue is compact, when the coal and the gangue act on the surface of the same object, the friction coefficient between the coal and the object is larger than that of the gangue. Therefore, the relative position of the coal and the gangue can be changed by utilizing the physical property, and the coal and the gangue can be further separated. The coal and gangue moving on the constant speed belt conveyor do not slide relative to the conveyor belt, and therefore, as they move to the right end of the conveyor belt, they fall simultaneously onto the inclined high speed belt conveyor below at the same speed as the conveyor belt. Because the underlying belt conveyor is running at high speed, the coal and gangue can slip relative to the conveyor. The device provided by the invention separates coal and gangue by utilizing the difference of the friction coefficients between the coal and gangue and the conveyor belt, and can remove most of gangue underground.
The invention provides a device for separating coal and gangue by using a high-speed belt conveyor in a well, which comprises two sets of conveyors and two material collecting bins, wherein the two sets of conveyors are respectively a horizontal constant-speed belt conveyor and an inclined high-speed belt conveyor; the horizontal constant-speed belt conveyor conveys coal and gangue from a working face, the inclined high-speed belt conveyor is used for separating the coal and the gangue, and the material on the inclined high-speed belt conveyor runs upwards; the two material collecting bins are a waste rock collecting bin and a coal bin respectively, and the waste rock collecting bin and the coal bin are arranged at the lower right of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor side by side;
The inclined high-speed belt conveyor is positioned below the horizontal constant-speed belt conveyor, the inclination is upward, the included angle between the inclined high-speed belt conveyor and the horizontal plane is theta, and the value range is as follows: theta<min{arctanμ 1 ,arctanμ 2 (where θ is less than the minimum of the two), μ 1 Is the coefficient of friction between the coal and the conveyor belt, mu 2 Is the friction coefficient between the gangue and the conveyor belt.
Furthermore, the running speed of the horizontally arranged belt conveyor is moderate and is about 0.5-1 m/s, while the running speed of the obliquely arranged belt conveyor is higher and is usually not lower than 3 m/s.
Furthermore, the inclined distance between the falling point of the coal and the gangue on the inclined high-speed belt conveyor and the material outlet of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor has a requirement, namely the speed of the coal and the gangue reaching the material outlet of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor is lower than the running speed of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor. At the moment of transmissionThe speed of the belt and the acceleration of the coal and gangue are determined by the formula v 1 2 -v 0 2 >2ax determines the inclined distance between the point of fall of the coal and gangue on the inclined high speed belt conveyor and the material outlet of the inclined high speed belt conveyor. In the formula, v 1 For the speed of the inclined high-speed conveyor belt, x is the inclined distance, v 0 The initial speed of coal and gangue falling on the inclined high-speed conveyor belt is v 0 And a is the acceleration of the coal and the gangue on the inclined high-speed conveyor belt, namely 0.
Further, the vertical distance between the coal and gangue drop point and the material outlet of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor cannot be too small, namely, the horizontal distance between the coal and gangue drop point is enough to separate the coal and the gangue drop point. If the coal and the gangue are sufficiently separated, the horizontal distance L between the coal and the gangue falling point is not less than 1m, and the vertical distance h between the coal and gangue falling point and the material outlet of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor is at least more than 5m according to the formula.
Further, coal flies out from a material outlet of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor and falls into a coal bunker far away from the lower right in an inclined throwing motion; and the gangue falls into a gangue collecting bin which is closer to the lower right.
The following gives a specific derivation procedure:
assuming that the included angle between the inclined high-speed belt conveyor and the horizontal plane is theta, the mass of each coal and gangue is m 1 、m 2 The distance s traveled on the conveyor belt and the coefficient of friction between the conveyor belt and the conveyor belt are respectively mu 1 ，μ 2 The vertical distance between the tail end of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor and the coal and gangue falling point is h, and the horizontal distance is L 1 、L 2 The initial velocity of the inclined projectile motion is v 1 、v 2 。
For coal and gangue (the stress condition is shown in fig. 2), in the direction perpendicular to the conveying belt, the component force mgcos theta of the coal and gangue in the direction perpendicular to the conveying belt under the action of gravity is equal to the supporting force of the conveying belt to the coal and gangue in the direction perpendicular to the conveying belt, and the two forces are opposite in direction, so that the resultant force applied in the direction perpendicular to the conveying belt is zero; in the direction parallel to the conveyor belt, the coal and the gangue slide relative to the conveyor belt, and therefore are subjected to a sliding friction force f (mgcos θ · μ) upward along the conveyor belt and a component force mgsin θ of gravity downward parallel to the conveyor belt. In this case, if the coal and the gangue are accelerated upward, the following conditions must be satisfied
m 1 gcosθ·μ 1 >m 1 gsinθ
m 2 gcosθ·μ 2 >m 2 gsinθ
In the formula, m 1 -mass of coal briquette, kg;
m 2 -mass of gangue in kg;
theta is the included angle between the inclined high-speed belt conveyor and the horizontal direction, degree;
μ 1 -the coefficient of friction between the coal and the conveyor belt;
μ 2 -the coefficient of friction between the gangue and the conveyor belt;
g-gravity acceleration, take 10m/s 2 。
Coefficient of friction mu between gangue and conveyor belt under the same conditions 2 Less than the coefficient of friction mu between the coal and the conveyor belt 1 . Because the coal and the gangue are moved upwards along the conveyor belt, the coal and the gangue are moved upwards
θ<min{arctanμ 1 ,arctanμ 2 }
Namely, it is
θ<arctanμ 2
When the coal and the gangue are thrown out of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor, the coal and the gangue can do inclined throwing motion, and the motion can be decomposed into horizontal uniform motion and vertical accelerated motion (see attached figure 3). The displacement of the coal and the gangue in the vertical direction is as follows:
in the formula, h is the vertical distance between the tail end of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor and the coal and gangue falling point, m;
v 1 the initial velocity of the coal in the inclined throwing motion is m/s;
v 2 the initial velocity of the gangue in the inclined throwing motion is m/s;
t 1 the time, s, used when the coal is inclined and thrown;
t 2 the time used for the gangue to make the inclined throwing movement is s.
The displacement of the coal and the gangue in the horizontal direction is
L 1 ＝v 1 cosθ·t 1 ③
L 2 ＝v 2 cosθ·t 2 ④
In the formula, L 1 -horizontal distance, m, of the end of the inclined high speed belt conveyor from the coal and the coal drop point;
L 2 The horizontal distance, m, from the end of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor to the coal and gangue drop point.
The horizontal distance between the coal and the falling point of the gangue is
From the above conclusions, it can be concluded that the horizontal distance between the coal and the gangue drop point is related to the conveyor belt angle θ, the distance s traveled on the conveyor belt, the coefficient of friction μ, and the vertical distance h from the conveyor belt end to the coal and gangue drop point. Under the condition that the included angle and the friction coefficient of the conveyor belt are determined, the distance between the coal and gangue falling points can be increased by increasing the acceleration distance s (namely the inclined distance between the falling point of the coal and the gangue on the inclined high-speed belt conveyor and the material outlet of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor) and the vertical distance h, and the separation effect can be better achieved.
The invention provides a method for separating coal and waste rock underground by using a high-speed belt conveyor, wherein the coal and the waste rock from a working face are conveyed to an inclined high-speed belt conveyor positioned below the horizontal constant-speed belt conveyor by the horizontal constant-speed belt conveyor, and have different accelerations on the high-speed belt conveyor by using the physical difference of the roughness of the coal and the waste rock, so that the coal and the waste rock run on the high-speed belt conveyor for the same distance and obtain different speeds, thereby realizing the separation of the coal and the waste rock, and the coal and the waste rock fall into a waste rock collection bin and a coal bin respectively after being separated.
The invention needs to be noted that the running speed of the high-speed belt conveyor needs to be higher than any one of the initial speeds of the coal and the gangue during the inclined throwing movement, and only then can the coal and the gangue be ensured to always do the accelerated movement.
Through the scheme provided by the invention, the coal and the gangue can be separated underground by using the device. Because the coal and the gangue can slide relative to the conveyor belt after falling onto the high-speed belt conveyor below, the resultant force of the sliding friction force and the downward component force of the gravity along the conveyor belt can provide the upward acceleration along the conveyor belt. Therefore, the coal and gangue always do acceleration movement as long as the speed of the coal and gangue does not reach the speed of the conveyor belt. Because the friction force of the coal and the gangue is different, the acceleration of the coal and the gangue is different, and the speed difference of the coal and the gangue is larger and larger if the coal and the gangue always do accelerated motion. When the coal and the gangue reach the top end of the conveyor belt and are thrown out, the coal and the gangue can do inclined throwing motion. Because of different initial speeds along the direction of the conveyor belt, the tracks of the conveyor belt and the gangue are different when the conveyor belt and the gangue are in inclined throwing motion, and therefore the coal and the gangue can be respectively collected at the falling point. The separated gangue can be backfilled into the goaf, and the coal is transported out of the ground through the coal bunker.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can primarily separate coal and gangue underground, has small occupied space and simple operation, can backfill the gangue into a goaf in time, realizes that the gangue cannot go out of the well, has obvious economic and social benefits and can greatly reduce the workload of ground coal-gangue separation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the operation of the downhole refuse separation apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the force analysis of coal and gangue on an inclined high-speed belt conveyor.
FIG. 3 is a track diagram of the inclined throwing movement of coal and gangue.
In the figure: 1-raw coal; 2-horizontal constant speed belt conveyor; 3-material outlet of horizontal constant-speed belt conveyor; 4-inclined high speed belt conveyor; 5-material outlet of inclined high-speed belt conveyer; 6-coal; 7-gangue; 8-a waste rock collecting bin; 9-coal bunker.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention includes a horizontal constant speed belt conveyor and an inclined high speed belt conveyor. The horizontal constant-speed belt conveyor 2 conveys the raw coal 1 from the working face, and the raw coal 1 falls down when moving rightwards to a material outlet 3 of the horizontal constant-speed belt conveyor; the inclined high-speed belt conveyor 4 is positioned below the horizontal constant-speed belt conveyor 2, when the raw coal 1 falls onto the inclined high-speed belt conveyor 4, relative sliding is generated between the inclined high-speed belt conveyor and the conveyor belt, and the resultant force of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor and the conveyor belt provides the upward acceleration of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor along the conveyor belt. Because the friction coefficients between the coal and the gangue and the conveyor belt are different, the friction force of the coal and the gangue on the conveyor belt along the upward direction is different, and the acceleration of the coal and the gangue is also different; under the acceleration action of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor 4, coal and gangue have different speeds at a material outlet 5 of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor; at the next moment, the coal and the gangue can both make inclined throwing motion. However, the initial velocity directions of the coal and the gangue are the same, and the initial velocity directions are different in size, so that the movement tracks are different, and the drop points of the coal and the gangue are different. Coal and gangue can be separated according to the method.
The distance between the coal and the gangue drop point is determined by the included angle theta of the conveyor belt, the distance s of the conveyor belt moving, the friction coefficient mu and the vertical distance h between the tail end of the conveyor belt and the coal and gangue drop point. Therefore, if the horizontal distance between the coal and the gangue drop point is adjusted, the acceleration distance, namely the acceleration distance between the position of the raw coal when the raw coal falls on the high-speed belt conveyor 4 and the material outlet 5, can be changed under the condition that the included angle and the friction coefficient of the conveyor belt are not changed; or the vertical distance between the material outlet 5 of the high-speed belt conveyor and the drop point is changed to adjust the distance between the coal and the gangue drop point. The separated gangue can be backfilled into a goaf, and the coal is transported out of the ground, so that the underground separation of the coal and the gangue can be basically realized.
In a coal mine, coal and gangue mined from a working face by a coal mining machine are conveyed to a transportation crossheading through a scraper conveyor. And conveying the coal to the front of a coal bunker at the bottom of the well through a belt conveyor in the transportation gate way, wherein the belt conveyor in the transportation gate way is the horizontal constant-speed belt conveyor, and the speed is about 0.5-1 m/s. An inclined high-speed belt conveyor is arranged 20-30 cm below a material outlet of the horizontal constant-speed belt conveyor, the speed is set to be 4m/s, and the included angle between the inclined high-speed belt conveyor and the horizontal direction is theta. The mass of each coal and gangue is m 1 、m 2 The distance s of movement on the conveyor belt is 5m, and the coefficients of friction with the conveyor belt are respectively μ 1 ＝0.4，μ 2 0.3. The vertical distance h from the tail end of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor to the coal and gangue falling point is 5m, and the horizontal distance is L 1 、L 2 The initial velocity of the inclined throwing motion of the coal and the gangue is v 1 、v 2 。
For coal and gangue (the stress condition is shown in fig. 2), in the direction perpendicular to the conveying belt, the component force mgcos theta of the coal and gangue in the direction perpendicular to the conveying belt under the action of gravity is equal to the supporting force of the conveying belt to the coal and gangue in the direction perpendicular to the conveying belt, and the two forces are opposite in direction, so that the resultant force applied in the direction perpendicular to the conveying belt is zero; in the direction parallel to the conveyor belt, the coal and the gangue slide relative to the conveyor belt, so that the sliding friction force f (mgcos θ · μ) applied upward along the conveyor belt and the component force mgsin θ applied downward parallel to the conveyor belt by gravity are exerted. In this case, if the coal and the gangue are accelerated upward, the following conditions must be satisfied
m 1 gcosθ·μ 1 >m 1 gsinθ
m 2 gcosθ·μ 2 >m 2 gsinθ
In the formula, m 1 -mass of coal briquette, kg;
m 2 -mass of gangue in kg;
theta is the included angle between the inclined high-speed belt conveyor and the horizontal direction, degree;
μ 1 -the coefficient of friction between the coal and the conveyor belt;
μ 2 -coefficient of friction between the gangue and the conveyor belt;
g-gravitational acceleration, taken as 10m/s 2 。
Coefficient of friction mu between gangue and conveyor belt under the same conditions 2 Less than the coefficient of friction mu between the coal and the conveyor belt 1 . Because the coal and the gangue are moved upwards along the conveyor belt, the coal and the gangue are moved upwards
θ<min{arctanμ 1 ,arctanμ 2 }
Namely, it is
θ<arctanμ 2 ＝16.7°,
θ＝16°
When the coal and the gangue are thrown out of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor, the coal and the gangue can do inclined throwing motion, and the motion can be decomposed into horizontal uniform motion and vertical accelerated motion (see attached figure 3). The displacement of the coal and the gangue in the vertical direction is
In the formula, h is the vertical distance between the tail end of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor and the coal and gangue falling point, m;
v 1 the initial velocity of the coal in the inclined throwing motion is m/s;
v 2 the initial velocity of the gangue in the inclined throwing motion is m/s;
t 1 the time, s, used when the coal is inclined and thrown;
t 2 the time used for the gangue to make the inclined throwing movement is s.
The displacement of the coal and the gangue in the horizontal direction is
L 1 ＝v 1 cosθ·t 1 ③
L 2 ＝v 2 cosθ·t 2 ④
In the formula, L 1 -horizontal distance, m, of the end of the inclined high speed belt conveyor from the coal and the coal drop point;
L 2 the horizontal distance, m, from the end of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor to the coal and gangue drop point.
The horizontal distance between the coal and the falling point of the gangue is
The horizontal distance between the coal and the gangue drop point is calculated to be 2.54m by the formula, so that the coal and the gangue can be separated very effectively.
It can be concluded that the horizontal distance between the coal and the gangue drop point is related to the conveyor belt angle theta, the distance of travel on the conveyor belt s, the coefficient of friction mu and the vertical distance h of the conveyor belt end from the coal and gangue drop point. Under the condition that the included angle and the friction coefficient of the conveyor belt are determined, the distance between the coal and gangue falling points can be increased by increasing the acceleration distance s (namely the inclined distance between the falling point of the coal and the gangue on the inclined high-speed belt conveyor and the material outlet of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor) and the vertical distance h, and the separation effect can be better achieved.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a device that utilizes high-speed belt conveyor to separate coal and waste rock in pit which characterized in that: the device comprises two sets of conveyors and two material collecting bins, wherein the two sets of conveyors are respectively a horizontal constant-speed belt conveyor and an inclined high-speed belt conveyor; the horizontal constant-speed belt conveyor conveys coal and gangue from a working face, the inclined high-speed belt conveyor is used for separating the coal and the gangue, and the material on the inclined high-speed belt conveyor runs upwards; the two material collecting bins are a waste rock collecting bin and a coal bin respectively, and the waste rock collecting bin and the coal bin are arranged at the lower right of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor side by side;
The inclined high-speed belt conveyor is positioned below the horizontal constant-speed belt conveyor, is inclined upwards and forms an included angle with the horizontal planeθ，The above-mentionedθThe value range is as follows:
，μ 1 is the coefficient of friction between the coal and the inclined high speed conveyor belt,μ 2 the coefficient of friction between the gangue and the inclined high-speed conveyor belt is obtained;
the inclined distance between the falling point of the coal and the gangue on the inclined high-speed belt conveyor and the material outlet of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor is required, namely the speed of the coal and the gangue reaching the material outlet of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor is lower than the running speed of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor; under the condition that the speed of the inclined high-speed conveyor belt is determined by the coal and gangue acceleration, the formula
Determining the inclined distance between the falling point of the coal and the gangue on the inclined high-speed belt conveyor and the material outlet of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor; in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,v 1 in order to incline the speed of the high-speed conveyor,xin order to be able to tilt the distance,v 0 the initial speed of coal and gangue falling on the inclined high-speed conveyor belt is takenv 0 =0，aThe acceleration of the coal and the gangue on the inclined high-speed conveyor belt is obtained;
the vertical distance between the falling point of the coal and the gangue and the material outlet of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor cannot be too small, namely the horizontal distance between the falling point of the coal and the gangue is enough to separate the falling point of the coal and the gangue; horizontal distance between coal and gangue drop point LNot less than 1m, and the vertical distance between the falling point of the coal and the gangue and the material outlet of the inclined high-speed belt conveyorhAt least greater than 5 m;
the speed of the horizontal constant-speed belt conveyor is 0.5-1 m/s; an inclined high-speed belt conveyor is arranged 20-30 cm below a material outlet of the horizontal constant-speed belt conveyor, and the speed of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor is set to be 4 m/s.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 for separating coal from gangue downhole using a high speed belt conveyor, wherein: coal flies out from a material outlet of the inclined high-speed belt conveyor and falls into a coal bunker far away from the lower right in an inclined throwing motion; and the gangue falls into a gangue collecting bin which is closer to the lower right.
3. A method for separating coal and gangue by using a high-speed belt conveyor in a well is characterized in that the device for separating coal and gangue by using the high-speed belt conveyor in the well as claimed in any one of claims 1-2 is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps: the coal and the gangue from the working face are conveyed to the inclined high-speed belt conveyor below the working face through the horizontal constant-speed belt conveyor, the coal and the gangue have different accelerations on the high-speed belt conveyor by utilizing the physical difference of the coal and the gangue in the roughness degree, and then the coal and the gangue run on the high-speed belt conveyor for the same distance to obtain different speeds, so that the separation of the coal and the gangue is realized, and the gangue and the coal are separated and then fall into the gangue collecting bin and the coal bin respectively.
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| CN112845101A (en) | 2021-05-28 |
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