CN112841617A - High-yield and high-activity black fungus dry powder, preparation and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-yield and high-activity black fungus dry powder, preparation and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L31/00—Edible extracts or preparations of fungi; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a high-yield and high-activity black fungus dry powder prepared from fresh black fungus, a preparation and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of biology. The invention provides a black fungus dry powder which is obtained by a method that fresh black fungus is added with water and heated, then is cut into threads, is ground into thick liquid, and is sprayed and dried or freeze-dried to obtain the black fungus dry powder. Compared with the prior art, the yield of the black fungus dry powder prepared by the technical scheme of the invention is obviously improved and the digestive tract reaction caused by terramycin is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to high-yield and high-activity black fungus dry powder, a preparation and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the technological progress and the improvement of living standard, people have stronger and stronger pursuits for high-quality life and healthy and comfortable life. 20-25 ten thousand species of bacteria exist all over the world, and about 12 ten thousand species of fungi exist. There are large fungi whose fruiting body can be identified with the naked eye without the aid of a microscope, which are called mushrooms.
The mushroom is edible mushroom fungus according to its function, wherein Auricularia is Basidiomycotina, Basidiomycetes, Auriculariales, Auricularia, and Auricularia, which is named as Auricularia tenuis. The fungus is an important edible and medicinal fungus, is also an important traditional food and an important export trade food, has the effects of enriching the blood, moistening the lung, promoting blood circulation, nourishing, strengthening, relaxing the bowels and the like, and has the beauty of ' crown in the fungus ' and meat in the vegetable '. China is the origin of black fungus cultivation in the world, has more than 1400 years of history, is the main production area of black fungus, accounts for more than 90% of the total world production, and has increased year by year.
The Auricularia contains abundant nutrients such as carbohydrate lipid compounds, vitamins, proteins, melanin and dietary fiber. Wherein, the sugar accounts for about 65 percent and is the main nutrient component and the medicinal active component of the black fungus. Li Shizhen recorded in Ben Cao gang mu has the effects of tonifying qi, relieving hunger, reducing weight, strengthening will, breaking grain and treating hemorrhoid.
Modern medical research finds that the black fungus can maintain the balance of the level of white blood cells, has good promotion effect on the immune function of a human body, has the effects of enhancing the activity of superoxide dismutase, resisting radiation, mutation and inflammation, reducing blood sugar, resisting diabetes and reducing the content of lipofuscin, and has the effects of reducing blood fat, cholesterol and blood viscosity and relieving thrombosis; the key components of the cell wall of the black fungus, namely chitin and beta-glucan, are tough and not easy to digest by a human body, and polysaccharide substances contained in the cell wall are difficult to permeate the cell wall and are absorbed by the human body. In recent years, the development and utilization of black fungus are more and more emphasized.
However, with the improvement of living standard and the enhancement of health care consciousness, people can also know the black fungus gradually and deeply, and the requirements on the quality of black fungus deep-processed products are higher and more definite. At present, enterprises and government management departments have recognized that the black fungus industry is urgently needed to create a differentiated product market and increase the promotion of the deep processing industry, and a plurality of enterprises put forward technical demands and seek key technologies and innovative products for the deep processing of black fungus.
In view of the above, the invention provides a black fungus dry powder with high yield and high activity, a preparation and a preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to change the current situations that the black fungus fine-processed product is difficult to produce in large scale, low in yield, long in period and difficult to industrialize, the invention integrates and optimizes multiple technologies, greatly improves the production efficiency of black fungus dry powder, and opens up an innovative way for the factory production of the black fungus fine-processed product; lays a foundation for the deep research of the active ingredients, functions and action mechanisms of the black fungus and the high-efficiency comprehensive development and utilization of the black fungus.
The invention aims to provide black fungus dry powder with high yield and high activity, a preparation and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
according to the first aspect, the invention provides the black fungus dry powder which is obtained by the following method, namely adding water into fresh black fungus, heating at 70-100 ℃ for 1-100 minutes, then shredding, grinding into thick liquid, and carrying out spray drying or freeze drying to obtain the black fungus dry powder.
Specifically, the black fungus dry powder is obtained by adding water to fresh black fungus to 1.5-2.5 times of the weight of the fresh black fungus, heating at 75-85 ℃ for 5-30 minutes, then shredding at 2-3 mm width, pulping at a rotation speed of 800-3000 r/min, homogenizing under the pressure of 15-30 MPa, controlling the homogenizing temperature to be 55-65 ℃, then carrying out spray drying on the slurry or placing the slurry in a freeze dryer, freezing at-35-65 ℃ for 36-72 hours, or freezing the slurry into ice blocks, cutting the ice blocks into snowflake-shaped chips by using an ice cutter, placing the chips in the freeze dryer, freezing at-35-65 ℃ for 15-30 hours, and obtaining the black fungus dry powder.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing a black fungus preparation, wherein the preparation comprises the black fungus dry powder and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or auxiliary material.
Herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable" means that the compound is physiologically acceptable when the compound is administered to a human, and does not cause allergic reactions such as gastrointestinal disorders, dizziness or systemic allergic reactions similar to these allergic reactions.
In the present invention, "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or adjuvant" includes, but is not limited to: binders (such as microcrystalline cellulose, alginates, gelatin, and polyvinylpyrrolidone), fillers (such as starch, sucrose, glucose, and anhydrous lactic acid), disintegrants (such as crosslinked PVP, sodium crosslinked carboxymethyl starch, sodium crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose, and low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose), lubricants (magnesium stearate, aluminum stearate, talc, polyethylene glycol, sodium benzoate), wetting agents (such as glycerin), surfactants (such as cetyl alcohol), and absorption enhancers, flavors, sweeteners, diluents, coating agents, and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the yield of the black fungus is obviously improved
Compared with the black fungus dry powder obtained by the conventional method, the yield of the black fungus dry powder prepared by the technical scheme of the invention is increased by more than 1 time, so that the waste is greatly reduced, the resource utilization rate is improved, and the environment protection is facilitated.
2. The effect of relieving vomit is obviously improved
The black fungus dry powder and the preparation thereof can promote gastrointestinal motility and promote food digestion and absorption, have the effect of relieving vomit, can effectively improve the digestive tract reaction caused by terramycin, improve the compliance of patients in radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and have good effects on nausea, vomiting and inappetence.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are conventional products which are commercially available.
The features and properties of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to examples:
example 1
Adding water into 10000g of fresh black fungus to 2.5 times of the weight of the fresh black fungus, heating at 75 ℃ for 30 minutes, then cutting into 2mm wide strips, pulping at 3000r/min, homogenizing under 15MPa, controlling the homogenizing temperature to be 65 ℃, and then spray-drying the slurry to obtain 370g of black fungus dry powder. Adding appropriate amount of starch, etc., mixing, granulating, and making into hard capsule, to obtain 1000 capsules.
Example 2
Adding water into 10000g of fresh black fungus to 1.5 times of the weight of the fresh black fungus, heating at 85 ℃ for 5 minutes, then cutting into 3mm wide strips, pulping at the rotation speed of 800r/min, homogenizing under the pressure of 30MPa, controlling the homogenizing temperature to be 55 ℃, and then carrying out spray drying on the slurry to obtain 355g of black fungus dry powder. Adding appropriate amount of starch, etc., mixing, granulating, and tabletting to obtain 1000 tablets.
Example 3
Adding water into 10000g of fresh black fungus until the weight of the fresh black fungus is 2.0 times of the weight of the fresh black fungus, heating at 80 ℃ for 20 minutes, then shredding to 3mm wide, pulping at the rotating speed of 2000r/min, homogenizing under the pressure of 20MPa, controlling the homogenizing temperature to be 60 ℃, and then carrying out spray drying on the slurry to obtain 389g of black fungus dry powder. Adding appropriate amount of starch, etc., mixing, wet granulating, drying, grading, and packaging to obtain 1000g granule.
Example 4
Adding water into 10000g of fresh black fungus to 2.0 times of the weight of the fresh black fungus, heating at 80 ℃ for 20 minutes, then cutting into 3mm wide strips, pulping at the rotating speed of 2000r/min, homogenizing under the pressure of 20MPa, controlling the homogenizing temperature to be between 60 ℃, then loading the slurry into a freeze dryer, freezing at-35 ℃, and freeze-drying for 72 hours to obtain 571g of black fungus dry powder. Adding appropriate amount of starch, etc., mixing, wet granulating, drying, grading, and packaging to obtain 1000g granule.
Example 5
Adding water into 10000g of fresh black fungus to 2.0 times of the weight of the fresh black fungus, heating at 80 ℃ for 20 minutes, then cutting into 3mm wide strips, pulping at the rotating speed of 2000r/min, homogenizing under the pressure of 20MPa, controlling the homogenizing temperature to be between 60 ℃, then loading the slurry into a freeze dryer, freezing at-65 ℃, and freeze-drying for 36 hours to obtain 562g of black fungus dry powder. Adding appropriate amount of starch, etc., mixing, wet granulating, drying, grading, and packaging to obtain 1000g granule.
Example 6
10000g of fresh black fungus is added with water to be 2.0 times of the weight of the fresh black fungus, the mixture is heated for 20 minutes at 80 ℃, then the mixture is cut into 3mm wide pieces, the mixture is pulped at the rotating speed of 2000r/min, the homogenization is carried out under the pressure of 20MPa, the homogenization temperature is controlled to be between 60 ℃, then the slurry is placed in a freeze dryer, the freezing temperature is 50 ℃ below zero, and the freeze drying is carried out for 52.0 hours, thus obtaining 575g of black fungus dry powder. Adding appropriate amount of starch, etc., mixing, wet granulating, drying, grading, and packaging to obtain 1000g granule.
Example 7
Adding water into 10000g of fresh black fungus to 2.0 times of the weight of the fresh black fungus, heating at 80 ℃ for 20 minutes, then cutting into 3mm wide strips, pulping at the rotating speed of 2000r/min, homogenizing under the pressure of 20MPa, controlling the homogenizing temperature to be between 60 ℃, freezing the slurry into ice blocks, cutting into snowflake-shaped scraps by an ice cutter, filling into a freeze dryer, freezing at-35 ℃ for 30 hours, and obtaining 568g of black fungus dry powder. Adding appropriate amount of starch, etc., mixing, wet granulating, drying, grading, and packaging to obtain 1000g granule.
Example 8
Adding water into 10000g of fresh black fungus to 2.0 times of the weight of the fresh black fungus, heating at 80 ℃ for 20 minutes, then cutting into 3mm wide strips, pulping at the rotating speed of 2000r/min, homogenizing under the pressure of 20MPa, controlling the homogenizing temperature to be between 60 ℃, freezing the slurry into ice blocks, cutting into snowflake-shaped scraps by an ice cutter, filling into a freeze dryer, freezing at-65 ℃ for 15 hours, and obtaining 570g of black fungus dry powder. Adding appropriate amount of starch, etc., mixing, wet granulating, drying, grading, and packaging to obtain 1000g granule.
Example 9
Adding water into 10000g of fresh black fungus to 2.0 times of the weight of the fresh black fungus, heating at 80 ℃ for 20 minutes, then cutting into 3mm wide strips, pulping at the rotating speed of 2000r/min, homogenizing under the pressure of 20MPa, controlling the homogenizing temperature to be between 60 ℃, freezing the slurry into ice blocks, cutting into snowflake-shaped scraps by an ice cutter, filling into a freeze dryer, freezing at-50 ℃ for 25 hours, and obtaining 581g of black fungus dry powder. Adding appropriate amount of starch, etc., mixing, wet granulating, drying, grading, and packaging to obtain 1000g granule.
Comparative example 1
Cutting 10000g of fresh black fungus into pieces with the width of 3mm, adding water to 2.0 times of the weight of the fresh black fungus, heating at 80 ℃, heating for 20min, centrifuging the extracting solution at 4000rpm, then loading the slurry into a freeze dryer, freezing at-50 ℃, and freeze-drying for 52.0 hours to obtain 63.2g of black fungus dry powder. Adding appropriate amount of starch, etc., mixing, wet granulating, drying, grading, and packaging to obtain 1000g granule.
Comparative example 2
Cutting 10000g of fresh black fungus into pieces with the width of 3mm, adding water to 2.0 times of the weight of the fresh black fungus, heating at the temperature of 95 ℃ for 2h, centrifuging the extracting solution at 4000rpm, heating at the weight ratio of 1.5 times of the weight of the raw materials for the second time, keeping boiling, heating for 2h, centrifuging the extracting solution at 4000rpm, combining centrifugates, placing in a freeze dryer, freezing at the temperature of-50 ℃, and freeze-drying for 52.0 h to obtain 230.5g of black fungus dry powder. Adding appropriate amount of starch, etc., mixing, wet granulating, drying, grading, and packaging to obtain 1000g granule.
Comparative example 3
Cutting 10000g of fresh black fungus into pieces with the width of 3mm, adding water to 2.0 times of the weight of the fresh black fungus, heating for 2 hours, centrifuging the extracting solution at 4000rpm, heating for the second time by adding 1.0 time of water according to the weight ratio of the raw materials, keeping boiling, heating for 2 hours, centrifuging the extracting solution at 4000rpm, combining centrifugates, placing in a freeze dryer, freezing at-50 ℃, and freeze-drying for 52.0 hours to obtain 236.1g of black fungus dry powder. Adding appropriate amount of starch, etc., mixing, wet granulating, drying, grading, and packaging to obtain 1000g granule.
Examples of the experiments
The effects of the examples of the present invention, the comparative examples and the model groups in alleviating emesis-induced responses to oxytetracycline are evaluated in conjunction with animal experiments as follows.
The test method comprises the following steps:
selecting domestic pigeons with the weight of 200-300 g, wherein the domestic pigeons are half female and half male, and are randomly divided into 13 groups, and each group comprises 12 pigeons. Fasting is not forbidden for 24 hours before the experiment, and the total stomach lavage amount of each pigeon is 1000 mg; the model group is prepared by intragastric gavage of 200mg oxytetracycline and 800mg starch for each domestic pigeon; the example and the comparative example groups each pigeon was gavaged with 200mg of oxytetracycline, and 10g of dried black fungus powder obtained from fresh black fungus raw material, the shortage being that the amount is made up to 1000mg by starch. The number of vomits and the number of the pigeons within 5h after administration are recorded, and the experimental results are compared among groups, which is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 emesis situation of domestic pigeon
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, through the animal tests, the black fungus dry powder disclosed by the invention can promote gastrointestinal motility and promote food digestion and absorption, has an effect of preventing vomiting, can effectively improve the digestive tract reaction caused by terramycin, improves the compliance of patients with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and has good effects on nausea, vomiting and inappetence. The result shows that compared with the black fungus product obtained by the conventional method, the black fungus dry powder obtained by the invention has obviously improved antiemetic effect.
The details which are not described in the present invention are the common general knowledge which can be selected by the ordinary skilled person in the art. Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention, for example, the filaments can be placed before heating. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The black fungus dry powder is characterized by being obtained by adding water into fresh black fungus, heating at 70-100 ℃ for 1-100 minutes, then shredding, grinding into pulp, and spray drying or freeze drying to obtain the black fungus dry powder.
2. The black fungus dry powder according to claim 1, which is obtained by adding water to fresh black fungus to be 1.5-2.5 times of the weight of the fresh black fungus, heating at 75-85 ℃ for 5-30 minutes, then cutting into 2-3 mm wide strips, pulping at the rotation speed of 800-3000 r/min, homogenizing under the pressure of 15-30 MPa, controlling the homogenizing temperature to be 55-65 ℃, and then carrying out spray drying on slurry to obtain the black fungus dry powder.
3. The black fungus dry powder according to claim 1, which is obtained by adding water to fresh black fungus to be 1.5-2.5 times of the weight of the fresh black fungus, heating at 75-85 ℃ for 5-30 minutes, then cutting into 2-3 mm wide strips, pulping at the rotation speed of 800-3000 r/min, homogenizing under the pressure of 15-30 MPa, controlling the homogenizing temperature to be 55-65 ℃, loading the slurry into a freeze dryer, freezing at-35-65 ℃, and freeze-drying for 36-72 hours to obtain the black fungus dry powder.
4. The black fungus dry powder as claimed in claim 1, which is obtained by adding water to fresh black fungus to be 1.5-2.5 times of the weight of the fresh black fungus, heating at 75-85 ℃ for 5-30 minutes, then cutting into 2-3 mm wide strips, pulping at the rotation speed of 800-3000 r/min, homogenizing under the pressure of 15-30 MPa, controlling the homogenizing temperature to be 55-65 ℃, freezing the slurry into ice blocks, cutting into snowflake-shaped chips by an ice cutter, filling into a freeze dryer, freezing at the freezing temperature of-35-65 ℃ and freeze-drying for 15-30 hours to obtain the black fungus dry powder.
5. A preparation, which is characterized by comprising the black fungus dry powder prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or auxiliary material.
6. The preparation of claim 5, wherein the preparation is in the form of tablets, capsules or granules.
7. The preparation of claim 6, wherein the tablet is prepared by adding appropriate amount of starch, starch and other adjuvants into Auricularia auricula dry powder, mixing, granulating, and tabletting.
8. The preparation of claim 6, wherein the capsule is prepared by adding appropriate amount of starch, starch and other adjuvants into Auricularia dry powder, mixing, granulating, and encapsulating.
9. The preparation of claim 6, wherein the granules are prepared by adding a proper amount of starch, starch and other auxiliary materials into black fungus dry powder, uniformly mixing, performing wet granulation, drying, granulating and packaging.
10. Use of the black fungus dry powder as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4 or the preparation as defined in any one of claims 5 to 9 for preparing a product for improving the digestive tract reaction caused by terramycin.
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