CN112840934B

CN112840934B - Under-forest low-interference planting method suitable for root-use plants

Info

Publication number: CN112840934B
Application number: CN202011626542.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王丛丛; 王洪峰; 何春梅; 苏凌业; 徐明锋
Original assignee: Guangdong Academy of Forestry
Current assignee: Guangdong Academy of Forestry
Priority date: 2020-12-31
Filing date: 2020-12-31
Publication date: 2022-10-11
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-31
Also published as: CN112840934A

Abstract

The invention discloses an under-forest low-interference planting method suitable for root-use plants. In the process of developing the under-forest planting, the root guide pipe filled with the specific light matrix is added, so that the efficient ecological planting and harvesting of root-use plants such as morinda officinalis, hispid fig and the like under the forest are realized. The method not only saves the utilization space of the forest land, but also realizes the low-interference cultivation mode of normal growth and development of shallow soil of the root-use plants, particularly in the later-stage harvesting process, the simple harvesting of the root-use plants such as morinda officinalis, hispid fig and the like can be realized without damaging the soil layer of the forest land in the whole harvesting process due to the utilization of the guide pipe, so that the harvesting cost of manpower and the like is greatly saved, most importantly, the under-forest low-interference planting mode of the root-use plants is innovated, and the multiple benefits of ecology, economy and the like can be synchronously obtained.

Description

Under-forest low-interference planting method suitable for root-use plants

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to an under-forest low-interference planting method suitable for root-use plants.

Background

Morinda officinalis (Morinda officinalis) is an evergreen shrub, which grows under sparse and dense forests and bushes in mountainous regions, often climbs on shrubs or trunks, and is also introduced as a species of families. The traditional Chinese medicine morinda officinalis is a dry root of a madder plant morinda officinalis, and is one of four famous south Chinese medicines. Has sweet and warm nature and taste, has the effects of tonifying kidney yang, strengthening muscles and bones and dispelling wind-damp, and has wide clinical application. The main production areas of morinda officinalis are Guangdong, fujian, guangxi and Hainan, wherein the cultivation area of morinda officinalis in Guangdong province is large, the planting area of morinda officinalis in Deqing county in Zhaoqing city is about 3333 hectare, and the total yield is about 7500t. Due to the fact that morinda officinalis has high medicinal value and economic benefit, due to market economic requirements, wild morinda officinalis resources are dug seriously. In the aspect of artificial planting, due to the difference of geographical environments of morinda officinalis in various regions, the difference of planting management modes and frequent exchange of germplasm resources, the shape of nutritive organs such as roots, stems, leaves and the like of part of artificially-cultivated morinda officinalis is changed. In order to guarantee the quality of medicinal materials and return to a wild ecological growth environment, under-forest near-wild planting is an important cultivation mode for guaranteeing the quality of medicinal materials of morinda officinalis. The morinda officinalis is planted in a wide range of light adaptability, belongs to deep-rooted plants, has a root system deeply penetrating into a soil layer, and is mainly used for harvesting underground root blocks. Because the root system is deeply pricked, the root bark is easily damaged by shallow digging, and the medicinal materials cannot be stored for a long time after being harvested, thereby influencing the quality of the medicinal materials. The medicinal part of morinda officinalis is root, which causes the phenomenon that morinda officinalis is easy to be planted in excessively reclaimed forest land or collected in the process of planting in the forest. Particularly, in the later harvesting process, the surface soil of the soil needs to be deeply damaged by machinery such as a hook machine and the like to integrally dig out during the harvest of the morinda officinalis, so that the appearance and the integrity of the roots of the morinda officinalis can be guaranteed, and therefore, the ecological problems of excessive digging of mountainous regions, water and soil loss and the like are easily caused when the morinda officinalis is harvested near wild.

Ficus hirta Vahl (Ficus hirta Vahl) is a plant of Ficus of Moraceae. The radix fici simplicissimae is used as a common herb and soup cooking material in Lingnan, and is a high-quality plant resource used as both medicine and food. The hispid fig is mainly distributed in places such as Guangxi and Guangdong in China, has higher medicinal and edible values, is a common medicinal plant in south China, and is also called Guangdong ginseng. The wild resource of hispid fig grows in the field, mountain shrubs or sparse forest, and the growing period is longer. In recent years, with the increase of market demand, particularly the influence of new crown blight, guangzhou Chinese medicinal prevention and control experts group publish prevention Chinese medicinal formulas mainly suitable for Guangzhou climate characteristics, constitution of susceptible people and medicinal and edible medicinal materials to society, wherein hispid fig is used as a main component, so that the market demand and the consumption of the hispid fig are further expanded. However, the increase of the demand also causes the wild hispid fig resource to be dug in a large amount, and the excessive digging causes the resource distribution to be damaged. The hispid fig root is a root type medicine and food dual-purpose plant, and no matter wild digging or artificial planting is carried out, the soil layer structure of the forest land needs to be damaged in the harvesting process, particularly, the root system of the hispid fig root is deeply pricked when the planting is carried out for a long time, a large amount of peripheral plants are damaged in the harvesting process, and the ecological problems of water loss, soil erosion and the like easily occur.

Although the near-wild planting under the forest can realize the green and natural quality of the medicinal materials to the maximum extent, the planting under the forest is closely related to the ecological environment protection.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defect that the ecological environment of root-use plants such as morinda officinalis, hispid fig and the like under the forest is damaged in the wild planting process, particularly the root harvesting process in the prior art, and provides a method for realizing the low-interference planting and harvesting of the root-use plants such as morinda officinalis, hispid fig and the like under the forest.

The root-used plants such as the morinda officinalis, the hispid fig and the like are harvested in the later period, particularly in the process of harvesting roots in the later period such as under forest, and because the deep soil layer of the root system is deeply pricked, the forest land is inevitably dug in the process of collecting the roots, the damage of surface vegetation and the soil layer is caused, after the damage of the soil surface forest land, the process of reclamation or regeneration generally needs a very long recovery period, and if the ecological problems such as water and soil loss are easily caused in rainy seasons, the damage is caused to the forest land. In addition, when planting root-use under-forest economic plants such as morinda officinalis, hispid fig and the like, manual harvesting is also a large proportion of cost expenditure, and particularly in some forest lands with large gradients, both tending and collecting and digging depend on a large amount of manpower, so that the development cost of under-forest economy is increased invisibly. The root-guiding tube filled with the special light matrix is utilized to guide the root system of the root-using plant to grow in the root-guiding tube of the shallow soil layer under the forest, so that the planting, nurturing and collecting processes under the forest are all convenient, the labor cost is greatly saved, and the integrity, simplicity and tidiness of root system collection of the root-using plant are guaranteed. Especially in the mountainous areas with relatively rich types of plants under the forest, the risk of mixed growth of medicinal plants planted near wild plants under the forest and other toxic plant roots is avoided, and the convenient harvesting of single plants of the root plants is realized.

The planting method suitable for the root-type plants comprises the following steps:

a. cultivating root-use plant seedlings for under-forest planting;

b. filling a planting matrix in the guide pipe, sealing one end of the filled planting matrix, and planting seedlings at the other end of the filled planting matrix; the root guide pipe is a PVC pipe provided with a hole for ventilating and permeating water on the pipe wall, and the planting matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing yellow mud, turf, perlite, a rotten peanut shell, a water-retaining agent and a slow-release fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 1;

c. according to the size of the root guide pipe, a ditch with the depth of 25-30cm is formed in the forest, the root guide pipe is placed in the ditch and then is covered with soil with the thickness of 5-10cm, the end, with seedlings, of the root guide pipe is left with the length of 10-15cm to be exposed out of the soil surface, and the exposed root guide pipe and the seedlings in the root guide pipe are kept vertical to the surface of the forest land; and then carrying out conventional planting management.

Preferably, root guide pipe PVC material's round thread pipe.

Preferably, the caliber of the guide pipe is 12-15cm, and holes of 2mm × 5mm are drilled in radial corresponding positions on two sides of the pipe wall every 5cm in the axial direction.

Preferably, the thickness of the guide pipe is 0.08cm.

Preferably, the root-type plant is morinda officinalis or hispid fig.

Preferably, the root-type plant seedlings are morinda officinalis cutting seedlings.

Preferably, the root-type plant seedling is a hispid fig seed seedling.

Preferably, the root-guide pipe seedlings are planted in broad-leaved forests or mixed forests with the canopy density of more than 30% and the gradient of less than 45 degrees.

Preferably, the seedlings of the root-guide tube are harvested 1 to 3 years after being planted. And (4) carrying out root system harvesting according to the growth condition, and directly pulling up the whole root of the root guide pipe by using a single plant planted with the root guide pipe to collect the root system of the whole plant.

In the process of developing under-forest planting, particularly under-forest planting of root-type plants such as morinda officinalis, hispid fig and the like, the process of collecting roots in the later period needs deep excavation of the soil surface layer to destroy surface vegetation, so that water and soil loss is easily caused, and for root-type plants which are similar to the root-type plants such as hispid fig and the like and have root system characteristics which are difficult to identify, in the process of near-wild cultivation under the forest, if the root-type plants are mixed with naturally-growing toxic plants, the risk of mixing root systems of the toxic plants in the root system collection process easily exists, although the medicine quality realizes near-wild to the maximum extent, the development of under-forest planting industry is limited by eating safety.

The invention discloses a planting method suitable for root-use plants, and relates to the use of a root guide tube filled with a specific light medium in the process of under-forest cultivation. By filling the specific light-matrix guide tube, the near-wild growth of high-quality resources of root-type plants such as morinda officinalis, hispid fig and the like in the planting process under the artificial forest is realized, the artificial tending cost is saved, the one-time harvesting of the whole root system in the collecting process is realized, other plant root systems are not mixed, and the tidiness, integrity and safety of the collected root-type plants planted under the forest are guaranteed. The method realizes the under-forest wild planting of high-quality root resources such as morinda officinalis, hispid fig and the like through artificial propagation, achieves the purposes of simple harvesting and no damage to forest lands, saves labor cost and protects ecological environment.

The method not only saves the utilization space of the forest land, but also realizes the low-interference cultivation mode of normal growth and development of shallow soil of the root-used plants, particularly in the later-stage harvesting process, the simple harvesting of the root-used plants such as morinda officinalis, hispid fig and the like can be realized without damaging the soil layer of the forest land in the whole harvesting process due to the utilization of the guide pipe, so that the harvesting cost of manpower and the like is greatly saved, most importantly, the under-forest low-interference planting mode of the root-used plants is innovated, and the multiple benefits of ecology, economy and the like can be synchronously obtained.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a drawing of an actual version of a root canal;

FIG. 2 shows the planting of leading root canal filling matrix and the planting of seedlings;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of the growth of Morinda citrifolia and Ficus simplicissima lour in different time periods using root canal;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a process of plant root collection after root canal planting;

FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the effects of conventional Morinda citrifolia planting and catheter planting;

fig. 6 is a graph comparing the effect of the conventional planting and the duct planting of Ficus simplicissima lour.

Detailed Description

The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.

In the following embodiments, the conduit pipe is a circular threaded pipe (fig. 1) made of PVC, and may have different diameters and different lengths, and is specifically selected and adjusted according to the type of plants to be planted and the characteristics of nutritional requirements thereof, and the threaded pipe wall is provided with holes for ventilation and water permeation. The design of the threaded round pipe is beneficial to the bending adjustment of a proper angle and a proper slope in the cultivation process. When in use, the guide pipe is filled with the matrix, one end of the filled pipe is sealed (can be a sealing cover or other structures capable of realizing sealing), and seedlings are planted at the other end (figure 2).

In the following embodiment of the root guide tube for morinda officinalis planting, the root guide tube is a circular screwed tube made of PVC material, the thickness of the root guide tube is 0.08cm, the caliber of the root guide tube is 12cm, the length of the root guide tube is 110cm, and holes of 2mm × 5mm are respectively drilled in radial corresponding positions on two sides of the tube wall every 5cm in the axial direction of the screwed tube for ventilation and water permeation. Filling the guide root with a guide root tube specific light matrix, sealing one end after filling, and planting seedlings at the other end.

In the following embodiment of the root guide tube for planting the hispid fig, the root guide tube is a circular threaded tube made of PVC, the thickness of the circular threaded tube is 0.08cm, the caliber of the circular threaded tube is 15cm, the length of the circular threaded tube is 100cm, and holes of 2mm × 5mm are respectively drilled in radial corresponding positions on two sides of the tube wall of the circular threaded tube every 5cm in the axial direction of the circular threaded tube for ventilation and water permeation. Filling the root guide tube with a specific light matrix of the root guide tube, sealing one end of the filled root guide tube, and planting seedlings at the other end of the filled root guide tube.

The root guide tube specific light matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: yellow mud: grass carbon: perlite: decomposing the peanut shell: water-retaining agent: slow-release fertilizer () = 1. Wherein the water-retaining agent is an agricultural and forestry drought-resistant water-retaining agent, a potassium salt type, and implements standard HD/T9001-2007; the slow release fertilizer is a 'Bekeshi' brand long-acting slow-controlled release fertilizer, N: P: K =14, cargo number 0005777.

Example 1

The embodiment is an under-forest planting method for realizing simple planting and harvesting in the under-forest planting process of root-use plants such as morinda officinalis, hispid fig and the like.

1. Root canal planting under morinda officinalis forest

1. Breeding of morinda officinalis cutting seedlings

Selecting pure and high-quality and high-yield plants with the plant age of more than 1 year from morinda officinalis, selecting thick and solid branches which are lignified or semi-lignified, have no mechanical damage and have no plant diseases and insect pests from cutting branches, wherein the length of the branches is 15-20cm, and the number of the reserved branches is 2-3.

The cutting shoots are bundled according to the similar length and the same growth direction, and each bundle contains 100-150 cuttings. Before seedling raising, muddy water is prepared, and 0.2g of 50% naphthylacetic acid soluble powder is added into each liter of muddy water. And soaking the cutting slips 2/3 of the length in muddy water for about 20s, slightly shaking the cutting slips, and timely cutting after soaking.

A ditch with the depth of about 10cm is formed in the seedling raising bed, the cutting shoots are vertically placed in the ditch, the distance between the cutting shoots is 3 cm-5 cm, the row spacing is 10 cm-15 cm, the soil covering depth is 2/3 of the length of the cutting shoots, the first section is exposed on the ground, is lightly compacted, and is watered thoroughly.

After the cutting shoots root, continuing to nurture for 6 months, screening cutting seedlings which grow robustly and have no plant diseases and insect pests, and then using the cutting seedlings for the understory planting of the guide pipe.

2. Morinda officinalis plantation contrast test

(1) Planting morinda officinalis in conventional forests:

in 3-4 months in spring, selecting forest land with canopy density of about 30%, planting Morinda officinalis cutting seedlings in shallow trenches of 25cm on flat ground, and planting distance of 25 × 30cm.

(2) Planting morinda officinalis in a root canal under a conventional forest:

in 3-4 months in spring, selecting forest land with canopy density of about 30%, selecting root canal with aperture of 12cm and length of 110cm, filling surface soil with depth of above 25cm into the root canal, sealing one end after filling, and planting Morinda officinalis cutting seedling at the other end. According to the diameter and the length of the root guide pipe, the slope of the forest land is conformed, the shallow trench is opened by about 25cm, the root guide device with morinda officinalis seedlings is placed in the trench and then is covered with soil by 5-10cm, because the root guide pipe has random flexibility, about 10cm of the end, with the seedlings, of the root guide pipe is left to expose the soil surface in the planting process, the root guide pipe is gently straightened, the exposed root guide pipe (axial direction) and the seedlings (trunk) in the root guide pipe are kept vertical to the surface of the forest land (the root guide pipe can be prevented from being pricked out in the later growth process of the root system), the root system is prevented from being exogenous, and the root guide device of the morinda officinalis seedlings is promoted to extend and grow along the root guide device.

(3) Planting the morinda officinalis in the forest after filling the specific light matrix in the guide root tube of the morinda officinalis:

in 3-4 months in spring, selecting forest land with canopy density of about 30%, selecting root-guiding pipe with aperture of 12cm and length of 110cm, filling specific light matrix in the root-guiding pipe, sealing one end after filling, and planting morinda officinalis cutting seedling at the other end. The root guide tube specific light matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: yellow mud: grass carbon: perlite: decomposing the peanut shell: water-retaining agent: slow release fertilizer = 1. According to the diameter and the length of the root guide pipe, the slope of the forest land is conformed, the shallow trench is opened by about 25cm, the root guide device with morinda officinalis seedlings is placed in the trench and then is covered with soil by 5-10cm, because the root guide pipe has random flexibility, about 10cm of the end, with the seedlings, of the root guide pipe is left to expose the soil surface in the planting process, the root guide pipe is gently straightened, the exposed root guide pipe (axial direction) and the seedlings (trunk) in the root guide pipe are kept vertical to the surface of the forest land (the root guide pipe can be prevented from being pricked out in the later growth process of the root system), the root system is prevented from being exogenous, and the root guide device of the morinda officinalis seedlings is promoted to extend and grow along the root guide device.

3. Root growth character comparison of conventional morinda officinalis planting and root canal planting after 12 months

After the same cutting seedlings (seedlings 6 months after rooting) are selected and planted by the 3 different methods, root system harvesting and comparison (table 1) are carried out in the same time period (12 months after planting), wherein the height of the plants filled with the specific light-matrix root-guide tubes is not obviously different from that of the plants filled with the conventional light-matrix root-guide tubes, and the height of the plants filled with only the surface soil root-guide tubes of the forest land is obviously lower than that of the other two plants. In terms of root length, the length of the root system of the morinda officinalis planted by filling the specific light-matrix guide tube is obviously higher than that of the guide tube planted by conventional planting and surface layer forest soil filling, wherein the root development length of the guide tube planted by only filling the surface layer forest soil is shortest; statistical analysis is carried out on the number of root system branches with the diameter of more than 2mm, the number of the root system branches planted by filling the specific light matrix guide tube has no obvious difference from the conventional planting mode, and the number of the root system branches planted by filling the surface layer forest soil guide tube is obviously reduced by filling the root system branches with the diameter of more than 2 mm. Experimental results show that the root development condition of morinda officinalis planted by filling a specific light matrix root guide tube is obviously superior to that of a conventional planting mode and a root guide tube planting mode of only filling forest soil surface soil.

TABLE 1 comparison of root growth characteristics of Morinda officinalis in different planting modes

Note: abc represents significant differences in data comparison on the same column. 3 cell (2 x 3 m) repeats are set for each planting treatment, and then 6 plants continuously planted in the middle row in the cell are taken for measurement of relevant character indexes and statistical analysis.

4. Plant growth condition 18 months after conventional morinda officinalis planting and root-guide tube planting

The morinda officinalis plants planted in the under-forest mode for 18 months after the morinda officinalis cutting seedlings (seedlings 6 months after rooting) with the same size in the above comparative test are carefully taken out from the soil or the matrix according to (1) the conventional planting of morinda officinalis in the forest and (3) the filling of the specific light matrix in the morinda officinalis root guide tube, and the growth conditions of the plants planted in the forest are compared with those of the plants planted in the two modes (figure 5), so that (3) the growth conditions of the morinda officinalis root system planted in the forest after the filling of the specific light matrix in the morinda officinalis root guide tube are obviously superior to those of the plants planted in the conventional morinda officinalis forest (1).

2. Underground root canal for planting radix fici simplicissimae

1. Breeding of five-finger wild peach seedlings

(1) Cuttage of high-quality hispid fig germplasm resources: selecting overground stems of 2-3 years for cuttage, reserving a bud point after short cutting, soaking rooting powder for 12 hours, and preparing yellow mud: organic matter: and (3) establishing a seedbed by using a medium of river sand mass ratio = 4.

(2) Sowing seeds and seedlings of the high-quality hispid fig germplasm resource: soaking seeds of hispid fig in water for 3-4h, placing the soaked seeds on absorbent paper to absorb excessive water, and preparing yellow mud: organic matters: the mass ratio of river sand =4: organic matter: and (3) river sand mass ratio =3, and the hispid fig seedlings can be transferred into a root guide device for planting under forest after being cultivated in a seedling bag for 12 months (namely the obtained 1-year-old seed seedlings).

2. Five-finger wild peach planting contrast test

(1) Planting the five-finger wild peaches under the conventional forest:

in spring 3-4 months, selecting forest land with crown degree of about 30%, opening 30cm shallow trenches on flat ground to plant 1-year-old seed seedlings of hispid fig, and planting distance is 30 x 40cm.

(2) Planting the radix fici simplicissimae in the root guide pipe under the conventional forest:

in spring 3-4 months, selecting forest land with canopy density of about 30%, selecting root canal with aperture of 15cm and length of 100cm, filling surface soil with depth of above 25cm, sealing one end, and planting 1-year-old seed seedling of Ficus Simplicissima. According to the diameter and the length of the root guide pipe, the slope of the forest land is conformed, a shallow trench is opened for about 30cm, the root guide device for planting the hispid fig seedlings is placed in the trench and then is covered with soil for 5-10cm, the root guide pipe has random bending property, about 10cm of the end, where the seedlings are planted, of the root guide pipe is left to expose the soil surface in the planting process, the root guide pipe is gently righted, the exposed root guide pipe (axial direction) and the seedlings (trunk) in the root guide pipe are kept perpendicular to the surface of the forest land (the root guide pipe can be prevented from being pricked out in the later growth process of the root system), the exogenesis of the root system is avoided, and the root system of the hispid fig seedlings is promoted to extend and grow along the root guide device.

(3) Planting the radix fici simplicissimae under forest after filling the root canal with the specific light medium:

in spring 3-4 months, selecting forest land with canopy density of about 30%, selecting root-guiding pipe with aperture of 15cm and length of 100cm, filling specific light matrix in the root-guiding pipe, sealing one end of the filled root-guiding pipe, and planting 1-year-old seed seedling of hispid fig at the other end. The specific weight ratio of the light matrix of the root guide tube is as follows: yellow mud: grass carbon: perlite: rotten peanut shells: water-retaining agent: slow release fertilizer = 1. According to the diameter and the length of the root guide pipe, the slope of the forest land is conformed, a shallow trench is opened for about 30cm, the root guide device for planting the hispid fig seedlings is placed in the trench and then is covered with soil for 5-10cm, the root guide pipe has random bending property, about 10cm of the end, where the seedlings are planted, of the root guide pipe is left to expose the soil surface in the planting process, the root guide pipe is gently righted, the exposed root guide pipe (axial direction) and the seedlings (trunk) in the root guide pipe are kept perpendicular to the surface of the forest land (the root guide pipe can be prevented from being pricked out in the later growth process of the root system), the exogenesis of the root system is avoided, and the root system of the hispid fig seedlings is promoted to extend and grow along the root guide device.

3. Root growth character comparison between conventional planting of Ficus Simplicissima and root canal planting

Taking a hispid fig seed seedling as an example, the hispid fig seed seedling of 1 year is selected to be planted by different methods, and the root system harvesting and comparison are carried out after the seedling is planted for 1 year (table 2), wherein, the root-guiding tube planting for filling the specific light matrix has no obvious difference in plant height with the conventional planting, and the height of the plant planted by the root-guiding tube filling the topsoil of the forest soil is obviously lower than that of the other two. In the aspect of root length, the root length of the hispid fig root planted by filling the specific light medium guide tube is obviously higher than that of the conventional root planted and the guide tube planted by only filling surface layer forest soil, the root length of the hispid fig root planted by the conventional root planted is in the middle, and the root length of the guide tube planted by only filling the surface layer forest soil is shortest. The statistical analysis shows that the branch number of the root system with the diameter of more than 2mm is obviously more than that of the root canal planted by two kinds of root canals, and the root canal planted by filling the surface soil of the forest soil is the least in the root canal planted by more than 2 mm. In the three planting mode comparison experiments, no significant difference is formed among the diameter of the thickest root system. Experimental results show that the root system length of the hispid fig is prolonged by filling the specific light medium guide tube for planting, the root system shape and the branch are affected, but the diameter of the coarsest root system has no obvious difference, and the guide tube for planting does not cause adverse effect on the collection of the final root system medicinal materials.

TABLE 2 comparison of growth states of Ficus Simplicissima in different planting modes

Note: abc represents significant differences in data comparison on the same column. 3 cell (2 x 3 m) repetitions are set for each planting treatment, and 6 plants planted in the middle row of the cell in series are taken for measurement of relevant trait indexes and statistical analysis.

4. Plant growth condition of radix fici simplicissimae after 24 months of conventional planting and root canal planting

The 1-year-old seed seedlings of the hispid fig of the same size in the comparison test are carefully taken out from soil or matrix according to two modes of (1) planting the hispid fig under the conventional forest, (3) planting the hispid fig under the forest after filling the specific light matrix in the root guide tube of the hispid fig, and the growth conditions of the plants planted in the two modes are compared (figure 6), so that the growth conditions of the roots of morinda officinalis planted in the forest after filling the specific light matrix in the root guide tube of the hispid fig (3) are obviously superior to those of morinda officinalis planted in the conventional forest of the hispid fig (1).

3. Key role of root guide tube in planting root-use plants such as morinda officinalis, hispid fig and the like under forest

The root guide pipe is corrugated, so that free bending of the root guide device can be realized, the problems of uneven mountains and the like can be solved in the planting process under forests, and the root guide device can be buried along the gradient of the forest land. The specific light matrix of the root guide tube comprises the following components in percentage by mass: yellow mud: grass carbon: perlite: decomposing the peanut shell: water-retaining agent: slow release fertilizer = 1. The proportion of the specific light medium of the root guide pipe provides sufficient nutrients for the growth of the plant root system in the root guide pipe, and can ensure that the basic nutrients for the plant growth can be continuously supplied within 1 to 3 years of planting. In addition, the guide pipe is provided with a vent hole, so that the permeation and the removal of moisture can be realized, and the purpose of fully utilizing soil, water and fertilizer on the surface layer of the forest land can be realized. The proportion of the specific light matrix of the root guide tube plays an important role in the rapid growth of roots of morinda officinalis, hispid fig and the like, and the root guide tube is light in weight and convenient to transport and bury.

Compared with conventional planting and root canal planting, the root canal device is only added to limit the growth of morinda officinalis and hispid fig in the same nutrient environment and external environment. However, the specific light medium is added to fill the root guide tube for planting, so that the extension and growth of roots of morinda officinalis, hispid fig and the like can be promoted. The morinda officinalis grows faster in the root guide tube filled with a specific light medium, and the length of the root guide tube is longer, so that other indexes of the morinda officinalis are not obviously different from those of conventional planting. The hispid fig is planted in the root guide pipe filled with the specific light medium, compared with the conventional planting, the root guide pipe planting also promotes the length of the root system, although the conventional planting has more branches of the root system, the diameter of the thickest root system has no obvious difference, and the method has no obvious influence on the acquisition standard that the later-stage root system of the hispid fig is harvested by taking the thick root system as the main part.

In conclusion, the root guide tube filled with the specific matrix is applied to the root-use plants such as morinda officinalis, hispid fig and the like in the planting process, so that the extension and the growth of the root system of the root-use plants are promoted, and the overground part development is not obviously different from the conventional planting. In the process of harvesting after planting, the simple and rapid harvesting of the whole plant root system is realized, the method is an innovation for the under-forest planting technology, the surface soil and vegetation of the forest land can not be damaged even if deep digging is not needed in the harvesting process, and the whole plant harvesting can be realized by pulling up the whole root of the root guide pipe (figure 4). In addition, for under-forest near-wild planting of root-use plants, the integrity of plant root system harvesting is guaranteed, single plants can be screened according to growth situation for harvesting, and more importantly, the root system of the root-use plants is prevented from being mixed with other plant root systems and even toxic plant root systems, so that the safety and the ecological property of the near-wild production process of the root-use plants are guaranteed.

Example 2

Morinda officinalis is planted according to the under-forest planting method after the specific light medium is filled in the morinda officinalis root guide tube in the embodiment 1 (3), and the plot experiment result shows that the growth of the morinda officinalis plants is good after 6 months of planting (figure 3A) and 12 months of planting (figure 3B).

The hispid fig is planted according to the under-forest planting method after the specific light medium in the root guide pipe of the hispid fig is filled in the example 1 (3), and the plot experiment result shows that the growth and development situation of the hispid fig plants is good and the branches are luxuriant after 6 months (figure 3C) of planting and 12 months (figure 3D) of planting.

Claims

1. An under-forest low-interference planting method suitable for root-use plants is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

a. cultivating morinda officinalis seedlings or hispid fig seedlings for understory planting;

b. filling a planting matrix in the guide pipe, sealing one end of the filled planting matrix, and planting seedlings at the other end of the filled planting matrix; the root guide pipe is a round threaded pipe made of PVC and provided with a hole for ventilation and water permeation on the pipe wall, and the planting matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing yellow mud, turf, perlite, a thoroughly decomposed peanut shell, a water-retaining agent and a slow-release fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 1:3.5:1:3:1: 0.5;

c. under broad-leaved forest or mixed forest with canopy density of more than 30% and gradient of less than 45 degrees, according to the size of the root guide pipe, opening a ditch with depth of 25-30cm under the forest, placing the root guide pipe in the ditch, covering soil with thickness of 5-10cm, leaving length of 10-15cm at one end of the root guide pipe with seedlings to be exposed out of the soil surface, and keeping the exposed root guide pipe and the seedlings in the root guide pipe vertical to the surface of the forest land; and then carrying out conventional planting management, and harvesting after planting for 1-3 years.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the guide tube is 12-15cm, and holes with the size of 2mm by 5mm are drilled on two sides of the tube wall at every 5cm in the axial direction at corresponding positions in the radial direction.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the conduit has a thickness of 0.08cm.

4. The method of planting according to claim 1, wherein said Morinda citrifolia seedlings are Morinda citrifolia cuttings.

5. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the hispid fig seedling is a hispid fig seed seedling.