CN112838224A - Proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode anti-reversal additive and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode anti-reversal additive and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112838224A
CN112838224A CN202110098127.1A CN202110098127A CN112838224A CN 112838224 A CN112838224 A CN 112838224A CN 202110098127 A CN202110098127 A CN 202110098127A CN 112838224 A CN112838224 A CN 112838224A
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additive
iridium
reversal
cobalt
fuel cell
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CN112838224B (en
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宋微
李咏焕
姜广
俞红梅
邵志刚
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9041Metals or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8825Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/921Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M2004/8678Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/8684Negative electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell membrane electrode antipole additive and a preparation method thereof. The additive comprises a self-supporting iridium-cobalt alloy catalyst prepared by a sodium borohydride reduction method, the anti-reversal capability of the battery prepared by the additive is remarkably improved, the carbon corrosion of an anode catalyst layer and the agglomeration of platinum particles caused by reversal can be effectively relieved, and the durability of the fuel battery under complex working conditions is improved.

Description

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode anti-reversal additive and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, in particular to an anti-reversal additive of a fuel cell membrane electrode and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively relieve carbon corrosion of an anode catalyst layer and agglomeration of platinum particles caused by reversal and improve the durability of a cell.
Background
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) have received extensive attention as a promising candidate for fuel cell electric vehicles due to their zero emissions, high efficiency and high power density. In the past decade, PEMFCs have made significant progress, but there are some obstacles, such as low durability, high cost, and infrastructure insufficiency, which must be solved before they are widely commercialized.
When a fuel cell vehicle is operated under complex operating conditions, fuel starvation conditions, such as rapid load changes and a sub-zero start, are typically present. When the anode fuel is insufficient, hydrogen is no longer sufficient to provide the necessary protons and electrons, and therefore the water electrolysis reaction and carbon corrosion will occur separately, the anode developing a high potential, causing the cell voltage to reverse, i.e., reverse polarity. Carbon corrosion consumes the carbon support, destroys the catalyst layer structure, and causes platinum particles to agglomerate, thereby causing degradation in cell performance. In severe cases, the large amount of heat generated by the high potential of the anode can cause pinholes in the pem and fuel and oxidant mixing inside the cell, causing catastrophic failure.
To date, researchers have developed various system control strategies to prevent cell voltage reversal, such as monitoring cell voltage, detecting CO in tail gas2Concentration and monitoring of reactant gas stoichiometry, etc. These system strategies all require additional system support, increasing the cost and complexity of the stack. Yet another material-based strategy solves this problem, which is mainly to add an electrolyzed water catalyst such as iridium and its oxide, ruthenium and its oxide, iridium-ruthenium alloy, etc. in the anode catalytic layer. But the expensive cost and limited inventory of precious metals also limits their use as individual catalyst additives.
CN111029599A discloses a fuel cell anti-reversal catalyst and a preparation method thereof, wherein the catalyst is an iridium oxide and niobium composite doped titanium dioxide nano catalyst, and the adoption of the invention can effectively relieve carbon carrier corrosion and platinum particle agglomeration growth during reversal of the anode side of the fuel cell, so that the fuel cell anti-reversal time is prolonged. However, the preparation process of the catalyst is complicated and requires high-temperature hydrogen reduction. And the conductivity of the titanium oxide is poor, and obvious mass transfer polarization can occur under high electric density after the catalyst is added into the anode catalyst layer.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems, the invention focuses on the structure of the anti-reversal additive of the membrane electrode, and aims to prepare the iridium-cobalt alloy by doping cobalt as a second metal, improve the anti-reversal performance of the membrane electrode by using lower noble metal dosage and improve the utilization rate of iridium.
The invention aims to provide an anti-reversal additive of a membrane electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a preparation method thereof, which can obviously improve the reversal tolerance of the membrane electrode and reduce the dosage of a noble metal catalyst.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
on one hand, the invention provides an anti-reversal electrode additive of a fuel cell membrane electrode, and the mass specific gravity of iridium cobalt metal of the additive is 0.1-0.5.
Based on the technical scheme, preferably, the mass specific gravity of iridium and cobalt in the iridium-cobalt alloy is 0.2-0.5, and preferably 0.3; the iridium-cobalt alloy is sea urchin-shaped, cobalt exists as a main body in the sea urchin-shaped structure, and iridium is distributed on the periphery of the main body as a tentacle.
Based on the technical scheme, preferably, the specific surface area of the additive is 80-120 m2g-1(ii) a The particle size is 80-150 nm.
On the other hand, the invention provides a preparation method of the anti-antipole additive, the scheme is a sodium borohydride reduction method, and the sodium borohydride reduction method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dispersing a certain amount of iridium precursor and cobalt precursor in an ethylene glycol solution, uniformly stirring, adding a certain amount of sodium borohydride, stirring for 0.5-5 h at 20-80 ℃, centrifugally washing a product obtained after stirring with deionized water, vacuum-drying at 60 ℃ overnight, and carefully grinding to obtain a pre-synthesized iridium cobalt catalyst;
step two: and putting the pre-synthesized iridium cobalt catalyst into a tubular furnace, annealing to improve the crystallinity of the pre-synthesized catalyst, and annealing to obtain the IrCo alloy catalyst powder.
Further, the iridium precursor comprises one or more of chloroiridic acid, iridium chloride and chloroiridic acid;
further, the cobalt precursor comprises one or two of cobalt chloride and cobalt sulfate;
further, the molar ratio of the sodium borohydride to the metal ions in the solution in the first step and the second step is (100-1000): 1;
further, the annealing temperature is 300-500 ℃, preferably 350-500 ℃, and further preferably 400 ℃; the annealing time is 0.5-3 h;
in one aspect, the present invention provides a fuel cell anode catalyst layer comprising the above anti-reversal additive and an anode catalyst.
Based on the technical scheme, preferably, the mass ratio of the anti-reversal additive to the anode catalyst is (0.1-0.5): 1.
based on the technical scheme, the anode catalyst is preferably 70% (mass proportion) Pt/C catalyst.
THE ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
1. The battery prepared by the additive provided by the invention has obviously improved anti-reversal capability, and can effectively relieve carbon corrosion of an anode catalyst layer and platinum particle agglomeration caused by reversal, so that the durability of the fuel battery under complex working conditions is improved.
2. In the anti-reversal additive provided by the invention, cobalt is doped as a second metal element, and firstly, the cobalt acts as a carrier, so that the catalytic efficiency of noble metal iridium is improved, the dosage of iridium is reduced, and the cost is reduced. And as a metal element, the conductive performance of the catalyst is ensured and is superior to that of metal oxide.
3. The preparation method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode anti-reversal additive provided by the invention is very simple, can be used for mass and rapid production, and has excellent anti-reversal performance superior to that of the prior art; the sea urchin-shaped iridium cobalt alloy catalyst prepared by using a sodium borohydride reduction method has a large specific surface area, so that more active sites can be exposed. Meanwhile, the prepared iridium cobalt catalyst has the particle size of about 100nm and can be used as an anode antipole additive of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
4. The second metal cobalt provided by the invention has wide sources and low cost, and has better conductivity when used as metal.
5. The particle size of the anti-reversal additive of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell provided by the invention is about 100nm, and the addition of the anti-reversal additive into the anode catalyst layer can improve the porosity of the catalyst layer to a certain extent, thereby being beneficial to gas delivery; compared with the prior art in which the anti-reversal catalyst is directly used, the preparation method is simple and convenient, is easy to realize, can effectively relieve carbon corrosion during reversal, and improves the durability of the battery.
In conclusion, the anti-reversal additive provided by the invention can effectively relieve the negative influence caused by carbon corrosion of the fuel cell during reversal, protect the performance of the cell and improve the durability of the cell, so that the anti-reversal additive can be popularized and used in the field of fuel cells.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a topographical view of a sea urchin-shaped iridium cobalt alloy catalyst prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the OER performance of the iridium cobalt alloy catalyst prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a time-voltage curve during the reverse polarity period of a conventional electrode and an Ir-Co alloy prepared in example 1 according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
Example 1
10mL of CoCl was taken2(10mmol/L) solution, 3mL H2IrCl (10mmol/L) solution is added to 50mL of ethylene glycol solution, stirred uniformly at 25 ℃, and then 1g of NaBH is added4Stirring was continued for 3h at 25 ℃ and the reaction product was washed with copious amounts of deionized water and then placed in a 60 ℃ oven for vacuum drying overnight. Dry matterCarefully grinding the dried powder, annealing for 2h at 400 ℃ in a tubular furnace at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the sea urchin-shaped iridium cobalt alloy catalyst.
Taking example 1 as an example, fig. 1 is a morphology chart of the anti-reverse additive provided in example 1 of the present invention, the particle size of which is about 100nm and is slightly larger than that of carbon black, so that the anti-reverse additive can be added as a catalyst to an anode catalyst layer.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the OER performance of the prepared Ir-Co alloy catalyst and its performance after stability test, 10mA cm-2The overpotential is only 290mV, which shows that the OER performance of the antipole catalyst provided by the application is better.
The anti-reversal additive prepared in the example 1 is introduced into an anode catalyst layer of a fuel cell in a physical mixing mode, the anode catalyst layer comprises a Pt/C catalyst and an anti-reversal additive IrCo alloy, wherein the loading of Pt/C and IrCo in the catalyst layer is 0.2 and 0.05mg cm respectively-2(in terms of metal); the reversal experiment was initiated by fuel starvation, and fig. 3 is a time-voltage curve during reversal of the membrane electrode prepared with and without the additive prepared in example 1, it can be seen that the reversal time of the cell with conventional electrode assembly is only 2min, whereas the reversal time of the cell with the anti-reversal additive provided herein is about 65min, which is significantly better than that of the conventional electrode. Therefore, the anti-reversal performance of the battery can be effectively improved by using the additive provided by the application.
Example 2
10mL of CoCl was taken2(10mmol/L) solution, 3mL H2IrCl (10mmol/L) solution is added to 50mL of ethylene glycol solution, stirred uniformly at 25 ℃, and then 1g of NaBH is added4Stirring was continued for 3h at 25 ℃ and the reaction product was washed with copious amounts of deionized water and then placed in a 60 ℃ oven for vacuum drying overnight. And after carefully grinding the dried powder, annealing for 2h at 500 ℃ in a tubular furnace at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the sea urchin-shaped iridium cobalt alloy catalyst.
Using example 2 as an example, the catalyst prepared in example 2 was at 10mA cm-2The overpotential is 295mV, and the performance is good. Preparation of example 2The prepared anti-reversal additive is introduced into an anode catalyst layer of the fuel cell in a physical mixing mode, the anode catalyst layer comprises a Pt/C catalyst and an anti-reversal additive IrCo alloy, wherein the supporting amount of the Pt/C and the IrCo in the catalyst layer is 0.2 and 0.05mg cm respectively-2After addition of the catalyst prepared in example 2 (calculated as metal), the cell reversal time was about 58min, which is significantly better than that of the conventional electrode.
Example 3
10mL of CoCl was taken2(10mmol/L) solution, 3mL H2IrCl (10mmol/L) solution is added to 50mL of ethylene glycol solution, stirred uniformly at 25 ℃, and then 1g of NaBH is added4Stirring was continued for 3h at 25 ℃ and the reaction product was washed with copious amounts of deionized water and then placed in a 60 ℃ oven for vacuum drying overnight. And after carefully grinding the dried powder, annealing the powder in a tube furnace at 300 ℃ for 2h at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and naturally cooling the powder to room temperature to obtain the sea urchin-shaped iridium cobalt alloy catalyst.
Using example 3 as an example, the catalyst prepared in example 3 was at 10mA cm-2The overpotential is 299mV, and the performance is good. The anti-reversal additive prepared in the example 3 is introduced into the anode catalyst layer of the fuel cell in a physical mixing mode, the anode catalyst layer comprises a Pt/C catalyst and an anti-reversal additive IrCo alloy, wherein the supporting amount of the Pt/C and the IrCo in the catalyst layer is 0.2 and 0.05mg cm respectively-2After addition of the catalyst prepared in example 3 (calculated as metal), the cell reversal time was about 62min, which is significantly better than that of the conventional electrode.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that comparative example 1 added only less cobalt precursor than example 1, and the result shows that 0.05mg cm was added to the anode catalyst layer-2IrO of (1)2The reversal time of the assembled battery was only 40min, which was shorter than that of the battery assembled by adding the additive prepared in example 1.
In conclusion, the membrane electrode anti-reversal additive provided by the invention has excellent anti-reversal performance, can improve the anti-reversal performance of the membrane electrode, reduce the dosage of noble metal iridium and keep higher conductivity.

Claims (10)

1. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode anti-reversal additive is characterized in that the additive is an iridium-cobalt alloy catalyst, and the mass ratio of iridium to cobalt in the iridium-cobalt alloy is 0.1-0.5.
2. The additive according to claim 1, wherein the iridium-cobalt alloy has a mass specific gravity of 0.2-0.5 of iridium and cobalt; the shape of the iridium-cobalt alloy is sea urchin-shaped; in the sea urchin-shaped structure, cobalt exists as a main body, and iridium is distributed around the main body as a tentacle.
3. The additive according to claim 1, wherein the specific surface area of the additive is 50-120 m2g-1(ii) a The particle size is 80-200 nm.
4. A method for preparing the additive according to claim 1, wherein the additive is prepared by a sodium borohydride reduction method, the method comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: dispersing the iridium precursor solution and the cobalt precursor solution in ethylene glycol, uniformly stirring, adding sodium borohydride, stirring at 20-80 ℃ for 0.5-5 h, and stirring to obtain a reaction product;
step two: centrifugally washing the reaction product, drying in vacuum, and grinding into powder after drying;
step three: and annealing the ground powder to obtain the IrCo alloy catalyst.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the iridium precursor is one or more of chloroiridic acid, iridium chloride, chloroiridic acid; the cobalt precursor comprises one or two of cobalt chloride and cobalt sulfate.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the molar ratio of the sodium borohydride to the metal ions in the solution is (100-1000): 1.
7. the method of claim 4, wherein in the third step, the annealing temperature is 300-500 ℃; the annealing time is 0.5-3 h.
8. A fuel cell anode catalyst layer, wherein the anode catalyst layer comprises an anode catalyst and the anti-reversal additive of claim 1.
9. The anode catalyst layer according to claim 8, wherein the mass ratio of the anti-reversal additive to the anode catalyst is (0.1-0.5): 1.
10. use of the anode catalytic layer of the fuel cell according to claim 8 in a fuel cell.
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Cited By (3)

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CN114142050A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-03-04 一汽解放汽车有限公司 Composite anti-reversal catalyst and preparation method and application thereof
CN114171750A (en) * 2021-11-11 2022-03-11 广东泰极动力科技有限公司 Anode catalyst for fuel cell membrane electrode and preparation method thereof
CN114142050B (en) * 2021-11-29 2024-04-23 一汽解放汽车有限公司 Composite anti-counter electrode catalyst and preparation method and application thereof

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CN114171750A (en) * 2021-11-11 2022-03-11 广东泰极动力科技有限公司 Anode catalyst for fuel cell membrane electrode and preparation method thereof
CN114142050A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-03-04 一汽解放汽车有限公司 Composite anti-reversal catalyst and preparation method and application thereof
CN114142050B (en) * 2021-11-29 2024-04-23 一汽解放汽车有限公司 Composite anti-counter electrode catalyst and preparation method and application thereof

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