CN112833849B - Welding deformation measuring method - Google Patents
Welding deformation measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112833849B CN112833849B CN202110068798.3A CN202110068798A CN112833849B CN 112833849 B CN112833849 B CN 112833849B CN 202110068798 A CN202110068798 A CN 202110068798A CN 112833849 B CN112833849 B CN 112833849B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a welding deformation measuring method, which comprises the following steps: s1, presetting the allowance size of the forming plate; s2, welding the two forming plates to obtain a welding part with allowance; s3, scanning the surface of the weldment with the allowance; s4, acquiring a plurality of points on the two edges; s5, constructing a curved surface by obtaining edge coordinates at different positions, wherein the curved surface is intersected with the weldment model; s6, determining a first measurement reference; s7, if the first distance L 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 If the first measurement datum and the second measurement datum are equal, determining a second measurement datum; if the first distance L 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 If not, the step S8 is entered; s8, based on the first reference line O 1 O 2h After rotating the theoretical model or the weldment model for the rotation axis, step S7 is repeated until the first distance L 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 And if the two are equal, the second measurement reference is determined. The invention is applied to the technical field of welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a welding deformation measuring method.
Background
Thin-wall space curved surface welding structures are common in aerospace products. Since welding deformation is unavoidable, in order to control the welding deformation, it is necessary to measure the welding deformation. However, the following technical difficulties and problems exist in the welding deformation measurement process:
1. the benchmark is not easy to determine
It is assumed that there are several corner points around the part, which can be used as reference points, but due to welding deformation, only one of these corner points can align the theoretical position with the position of the weldment, and the other points are not. While at least three points are required to determine the position of an object in space. The other two points cannot be determined, and the relative positions of the weldment model and the theoretical model cannot be determined.
In addition, the reference is different, the deformation value is different, and the sign may be different. Some measuring methods fit the surface of the whole weldment, but because no welding deformation reference exists, the fitting result gives the maximum deviation of the whole part, and the maximum deviation can be used for judging whether the part is out of tolerance or not and is not a deformation value.
2. The corresponding relation of each point on the weldment before welding and after welding is unknown
The concept of numerical calculation is used here to illustrate this problem. In the numerical calculation, the nodes of the calculation model are numbered, and before and after welding deformation, the nodes have one-to-one correspondence, so that the displacement value of each node can be obtained. However, for the welding of an actual structure, if no corresponding measures are taken, the corresponding relation between each point on a weldment before welding and each point after welding is unknown.
In order to obtain the corresponding relation, some measuring methods divide grids on the surface of a welding piece before welding, drill holes and insert steel balls, but the method belongs to a destructive method and is not allowed in actual products. In other methods, various marks are made on the surface of the part before welding, but the manufacturing process of the product is influenced, and the marks are difficult to identify.
3. Too few deformation data points
The existing various deformation measuring methods have too few deformation points and insufficient deformation information.
4. With allowance measurement
The processing process of the thin-wall space curved surface structure generally comprises the working procedures of plate forming, welding, postweld heat treatment, shape cutting and the like. After welding, the workpiece is subjected to postweld heat treatment and finally is cut into shapes. In this condition, if the deformation in the as-welded condition is to be measured, it can only be performed on the weldment with the allowance.
The welding deformation is measured by comparing with a digital model. For a complicated space curved surface structure, the net size precision of a part needs to be ensured, and the precision of all margins is difficult to ensure. Meanwhile, the surface of the whole curved surface structure is smooth and cannot provide characteristic points or reference, which brings difficulty to the measurement of welding deformation in a welding state.
5. Understanding of the results of the deformation
For a complex space curved surface structure, the reference is unreasonable, the deformation result is troublesome, and the deformation measurement result loses significance.
6. Welding real-time measurements
Many researchers have proposed real-time welding measurement methods, i.e., measuring deformation while welding during welding, which are generally used for basic research on welding principles and are not suitable for actual production because free deformation of such workpieces without constraint during welding production is not allowed.
Accordingly, the inventors provide a welding deformation measuring method.
Disclosure of Invention
1 technical problem to be solved
The embodiment of the invention provides a welding deformation measuring method, which solves the technical problems that the reference is not easy to determine, the corresponding relation between the pre-welding and the post-welding is unknown, deformation data points are too few, measurement with allowance is carried out, and the deformation measuring result is easy to understand.
2 technical scheme
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a welding deformation measuring method, including the following steps:
s1, presetting allowance size of the formed plate, and arranging a first end point O of the net welding line 1 Extending a first length D in the direction of the weld 1 Obtain the first point G 1 Continue along O 1 G 1 Is directionally extended by a second length E 1 To obtain a second point J 1 Then O is 1 J 1 For shaping the sheet at the first end point O of the weld 1 The total balance of (c);
net weld second end point O 2 The third length D is extended along the welding seam direction 2 A third point G is obtained 2 Continue along O 2 G 2 Is directionally extended by a fourth length E 2 To obtain a fourth point J 2 Then O is 2 J 2 For forming the plate at the second end point O of the weld 2 The total balance of (c);
wherein, O 1 The point is a first feature point; o is 2 The point is a second feature point;
s2, welding the two forming plates according to the presetting of the step S1 to obtain a welding piece with allowance;
s3, scanning the surface of the weldment with allowance to obtain the coordinate value (x) of each point on the surface of the weldment i ，y i ，z i ) In which includes G 1 Dot, G 2 Point, J 1 Point sum J 2 Point coordinates, and coordinate values of each point and each angular point are integrated to form a weldment model;
s4, vertically placing the prismatic sliding block at the welding seam, enabling two vertexes on one bottom edge of the sliding block to be located on the central line of the welding seam, scanning edges passing through the two vertexes to obtain a plurality of points on the two edges, and storing coordinates of the points in the weldment model;
s5, moving the slider to the next position along the center line of the welding seam, then repeating the step S4, obtaining coordinates of a plurality of points on two edges of the slider, storing the coordinates of the points in a weldment model, and constructing a curved surface by obtaining the edge coordinates at different positions, wherein the curved surface is intersected with the weldment model, and the intersection line is the welding seam position;
s6, determining a first measurement reference, and selecting O 1 Selecting O as the first characteristic point 2 Setting the model of weldment and the theoretical model in the same rectangular coordinate system, and setting the model of weldment in G-th order on the model of weldment 1 Starting at point, along J 1 G 1 Direction movement D 1 Distance, obtaining O on the weldment model 1 Point; on weldment model from G 2 Starting at point, along J 2 G 2 Direction movement D 2 Distance, obtaining O on the weldment model 2 Point; keeping the theoretical model still, only moving the weldment model to ensure that O on the weldment model 1 Point and theoretical model O 1 Overlapping points; then, O of the weldment model, except for keeping the theoretical model stationary 1 The point is also kept still, and the O of the weldment model is enabled to be rotated by rotating the weldment model 2 Point falling on the theoretical model O 1 O 2 Connecting the wires; o on weldment pattern due to weld distortion 2 Points generally do not correspond to O on a theoretical model 2 Point coincidence, O on the weldment model 2 Point O 2h Denotes that the first measurement reference O 1 O 2h Determining;
s7, determining a second measurement standard, making a plane intersected with the theoretical model along the direction perpendicular to the welding line of the theoretical model, acquiring a functional intersection line formed by the plane and the theoretical model, and respectively acquiring first reference points L at two ends of the functional intersection line 0 And a second reference point R 0 The first reference point L 0 And a second reference point R 0 Respectively projecting to the weldment models to respectively obtain first projection points L 0h_1 And a second projection point R 0h_1 Obtaining a first reference point L 0 And a first projection point L 0h_1 First distance L therebetween 0 L 0h_1 Obtaining a second reference point R 0 And a second projection point R 0h_1 A second distance R therebetween 0 R 0h_1 If the first distance L is 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 If the first measurement datum and the second measurement datum are equal, determining a second measurement datum; if the first distance L 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 If not, go to step S8;
s8, based on the first reference line O 1 O 2h After rotating the theoretical model or the weldment model for the rotation axis, step S7 is repeated until the first distance L 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 And if the two are equal, the second measurement reference is determined.
In a further improvement, the method further comprises the following steps: the deformation shrinkage of the two plates was obtained.
Further improved, adopting flat plates with the same material and thickness as the formed plate respectively, and adopting the same welding process as the formed plate to weld, and setting the length and the width of the flat plates before welding as C respectively 0 And K 0 The transverse shrinkage rate a is (K) when the length and width after welding are C and K, respectively 0 -K)/K 0 The longitudinal shrinkage rate b ═ C 0 -C)/C 0 。
In a further improvement, the method further comprises the following steps:
acquiring w first equal-spaced points on a welding line of the theoretical model, respectively extending the first equal-spaced points towards the direction of the theoretical model far away from the welding line to form w first intersecting lines, and equidistantly dividing the theoretical model by the first intersecting lines;
acquiring w second bisectors equidistantly distributed on a weld joint of the weldment model, respectively extending the second bisectors towards the direction of the weldment model far away from a weld joint line to form w second intersecting lines, and equidistantly dividing the weldment model by the second intersecting lines, wherein w is greater than or equal to 2;
selecting a first intersection line L x Z x R x And a corresponding second intersection line L xhh Z xh R xhh Let a L Is an arc L x Z x The amount of contraction of, then L Length of arc L x Z x X a in the arc L xhh Z xh Upper acquisition L xh Point, make arc L xh Z xh Is equal to the arc length L x Z x -Δ L (ii) a Let Δ R Is an arc R x Z x The amount of contraction of (2), then R Arc length R x Z x X a in the arc R xhh Z xh Up to obtain R xh Point, make arc R xh Z xh Is equal to the arc length R x Z x -Δ R Wherein a is a transverse shrinkage coefficient.
Will arc L x Z x Uniformly dividing into m segments to obtain m-1 points, and arc aligning xh Z xh And uniformly dividing the workpiece into m sections to obtain m-1 branch points, wherein the displacement between the corresponding branch points is welding deformation. (ii) a Will be arc R x Z x Uniformly divided into m sections, then arc-aligned R xh Z xh Evenly dividing the workpiece into m sections, obtaining m-1 branch points respectively, and taking the displacement between the corresponding branch points as welding deformation.
In a further improvement, a positive preset value is preset, and in steps S7 and S8, if the first distance L is less than the first distance L 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 If the difference is smaller than the predetermined value, the first distance L is determined 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 Are equal.
3 advantageous effects
In summary, in the welding deformation measuring method of the invention, the first end point and the second end point of the theoretical model are respectively extended to the edge of the forming plate, the extension distance and the extension direction are recorded, and the position of the characteristic position on the weldment model is obtained by utilizing the information for reverse thrust after welding, so that the relative position of the weldment with allowance and the longitudinal line of the theoretical model can be determined, and then the transverse direction of the weldment model is determined through the auxiliary plane vertical to the longitudinal line of the theoretical model, thereby obtaining the welding deformation calculation reference of the weldment with allowance.
And obtaining the corresponding relation between the weldment model and the theoretical model points through the intersecting lines of the auxiliary planes perpendicular to the longitudinal line of the theoretical model and the intersecting lines of the auxiliary planes perpendicular to the welding line curve of the weldment model and the weldment model, wherein various deformation modes such as out-of-plane deformation, transverse shrinkage, longitudinal shrinkage and the like are considered in the calculation of the welding deformation.
The welding deformation measuring method can obtain the welding deformation measuring reference of the weldment with the machining allowance, and can obtain the welding deformation value of any point on the weldment through the measuring reference, namely the welding deformation distribution of each point on the whole curved surface of the weldment.
The welding deformation measuring method does not need to drill holes and make marks on the surface of the part, does not need to carry out any treatment on the surface of the part, does not add extra working procedures, and does not influence the normal production of products.
In the welding deformation measuring method, a measuring reference adaptive to the welding deformation description is provided; meanwhile, a set of cross section is respectively arranged on the theoretical model and the weldment model, coordinate data are respectively and independently extracted, meanwhile, the theoretical model and points on the actual weldment have one-to-one correspondence, the reference construction method is reasonable, the deformation value acquisition method is ingenious and concise, and deformation results are easy to understand and accept.
At present, a large number of thin-wall complex space curved surface welding structures are involved in aviation products, and the requirements for welding deformation control and welding deformation measurement are all involved. The welding deformation measuring method provided by the invention has the advantages that the welding deformation measuring method is high in engineering feasibility, guaranteed in precision, simple and easy to implement, no working procedure is added in the machining and manufacturing processes of forming, welding and the like of the thin-wall complex space curved surface structure, no mark is required to be machined or pasted on a part, and no extra work is required to be added in the welding process. The obtained measurement result can be permanently stored, various analyses can be performed at any time, and the analysis content can be arbitrarily increased.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first endpoint and an extension point according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a second endpoint and an extension point according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the position relationship between the slider and the weld joint according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the cross and machine direction lines on a theoretical model in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of the measurement of shrinkage factor in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the branch points of a theoretical model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a dotting of a weldment model in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graphical illustration of a model arc length of a weldment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the displacement between corresponding sub-points according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is an example of a deformation result of longitudinal line extraction in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, alterations, and improvements in the parts, components, and connections without departing from the spirit of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 10, for convenience of description, the following nouns and symbol conventions are made in the present specification:
forming a plate: the formed and unwelded plate with allowance is equivalent to a base metal for welding;
welding: welding the forming plates to obtain a weldment with allowance;
a weldment model: the surface of the weldment adopts a certain sampling method to obtain the space rectangular coordinate (x) of each point of the surface i ，y i ，z i ) (x) i ，y i ，z i ) The coordinate of any point i on the surface of the weldment is shown, wherein i is 1-n, and n is the total number of points contained in the point set;
theoretical model: a net-size part digital model without allowance, namely the theoretical size of the part;
longitudinal lines: butt joint edges of the theoretical model;
D 1 ，D 2 : a length value;
E 1 ，E 2 : a length value;
δ: a small positive number;
a, b: transverse and longitudinal shrinkage (shrinkage per unit length).
The theoretical model remains intact throughout the following operations.
A welding deformation measuring method comprises the following steps:
s1, presetting allowance size of the formed plate at the first end point O of the net welding seam 1 Extending a first length D in the direction of the weld 1 Obtain the first point G 1 Continue along O 1 G 1 Is directionally extended by a second length E 1 To obtain a second point J 1 Then O is 1 J 1 For shaping the sheet at the first end point O of the weld 1 The total balance of (c);
net weld second end point O 2 The third length D is extended along the welding seam direction 2 A third point G is obtained 2 Continue along O 2 G 2 Is directionally extended by a fourth length E 2 To obtain a fourth point J 2 Then O is 2 J 2 For forming the plate at the second end point O of the weld 2 The total balance of (c); wherein, O 1 The point is a first feature point; o is 2 The point is a second feature point;
s2, welding the two forming plates according to the presetting of the step S1 to obtain a welding piece with allowance;
s3, for the belt with allowanceScanning the surface of the weldment to obtain coordinate values (x) of each point on the surface of the weldment i ，y i ，z i ) In which includes G 1 Dot, G 2 Point, J 1 Point sum J 2 Point coordinates, wherein the points are angular points which are easy to identify and require that the weldment does not translate and rotate in the scanning process, and coordinate values of the points and the angular points are integrated to form a weldment model;
s4, vertically placing the prismatic sliding block at the welding seam, enabling two vertexes on one bottom edge of the sliding block to be located on the central line of the welding seam, scanning edges passing through the two vertexes to obtain a plurality of points on the two edges, and storing coordinates of the points in the weldment model;
s5, moving the slider to the next position along the center line of the welding seam, then repeating the step S4, obtaining coordinates of a plurality of points on two edges of the slider, storing the coordinates of the points in a weldment model, and constructing a curved surface by obtaining the edge coordinates at different positions, wherein the curved surface is intersected with the weldment model, and the intersection line is the welding seam position;
s6, determining a first measurement reference, and selecting O 1 Selecting O as the first characteristic point 2 Setting the model of weldment and the theoretical model in the same rectangular coordinate system, and setting the model of weldment in G-th order on the model of weldment 1 Starting at point, along J 1 G 1 Direction movement D 1 Distance, obtaining O on the weldment model 1 Point; on weldment model from G 2 Starting at point, along J 2 G 2 Direction movement D 2 Distance, obtain O on weldment model 2 Point; keeping the theoretical model still, only moving the weldment model to ensure that O on the weldment model 1 Point and theoretical model O 1 Point superposition; then, O of the weldment model, except for keeping the theoretical model stationary 1 The point is also kept still, and the O of the weldment model is enabled to be rotated by rotating the weldment model 2 Point falling on the theoretical model O 1 O 2 Connecting the wires; o on weldment pattern due to weld distortion 2 Points generally do not correspond to O on a theoretical model 2 Point coincidence, O on the weldment model 2 Point O 2h Denotes that the first measurement reference O 1 O 2h Determining; the first measurement reference O is determined by the above steps 1 O 2h . In the above steps, if the weldment model is kept still, the theoretical model can be moved and rotated, and the two moving methods are equivalent.
The details will be described below.
On weldment model from G 1 Starting at point, along J 1 G 1 Direction movement D 1 Distance, obtaining O on the weldment model 1 Dots, as shown in FIG. 1; on weldment model from G 2 Starting at point, along J 2 G 2 Direction movement D 2 Distance, obtaining O on the weldment model 2 Dots, as shown in fig. 2. The weldment model and the theoretical model are placed in the same rectangular coordinate system, the weldment model and the theoretical model are in a separated state at the moment, and the distance and the spatial orientation may be greatly different. Firstly, the theoretical model is kept still through coordinate translation transformation, and only the weldment model is moved, so that O on the weldment model 1 Point and theoretical model O 1 Point superposition; then, O of the weldment model, except for keeping the theoretical model stationary 1 The point is also kept still, and the O of the weldment model is enabled to be rotated by rotating the weldment model 2 Point falling on the theoretical model O 1 O 2 On the curve. O on weldment pattern due to weld distortion 2 Points generally do not correspond to O on a theoretical model 2 Point coincidence, O on the weldment model 2 Point O 2h And (4) showing. After the above steps are completed, the weldment obtains a reference on the longitudinal line, which is the first measurement reference O 1 O 2h (ii) a There is also a rotational degree of freedom to rotate about the longitudinal axis. Since the weld positions are marked in front, O can be used 1 O 2h And marking a weld curve in the weldment model.
S7, determining a second measurement standard, making a plane intersected with the theoretical model along the direction perpendicular to the welding line of the theoretical model, acquiring a functional intersection line formed by the plane and the theoretical model, and respectively acquiring first reference points L at two ends of the functional intersection line 0 And a second reference point R 0 The first reference point L 0 And a second reference point R 0 Respectively to the weldment modelProjecting to obtain first projection points L 0h_1 And a second projection point R 0h_1 Obtaining a first reference point L 0 And a first projection point L 0h_1 First distance L therebetween 0 L 0h_1 Obtaining a second reference point R 0 And a second projection point R 0h_1 A second distance R therebetween 0 R 0h_1 If the first distance L is 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 If the first measurement datum and the second measurement datum are equal, determining a second measurement datum; if the first distance L 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 If not, go to step S8;
s8, based on the first reference line O 1 O 2h After rotating the theoretical model or the weldment model for the rotation axis, step S7 is repeated until the first distance L 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 And if the two are equal, the second measurement reference is determined. Specifically, in fig. 4, a plane is made at a proper position on the theoretical model along a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal line, the plane intersects and cuts the theoretical model to form a first intersecting line, if the theoretical model is a curved surface, the first intersecting line is a space curve, and the transverse line shown in fig. 4 is the first intersecting line. On the first intersection line, a point is taken at the farthest ends of the two sides and is respectively L 0 And R 0 Representing, respectively projecting the two points to the weldment model to obtain two projection points L 0h_1 And R 0h_1 . Before projection, if the relative angle between the weldment and the theoretical model is too large, O is needed 1 O 2h And the straight line is a rotating shaft, and the weldment model is rotated under the condition of keeping the theoretical model immovable, so that the weldment model is close to the theoretical model in position. Through L 0 、L 0h_1 Coordinates of two points, calculating L 0 L 0h_1 Distance while passing through R 0 、R 0h_1 Two point coordinates, calculating R 0 R 0h_1 Distance, if L 0 L 0h_1 And R 0 R 0h_1 When not equal, then use O 1 O 2h The straight line is a rotating shaft, the theoretical model is not moved, the weldment model is rotated by a small angle, and then the L is rotated 0 And R 0 To weldment mouldProjecting on the model to obtain a new projection point L 0h_2 And R 0h_2 Calculating L 0 L 0h_2 Distance and R 0 R 0h_2 Distance, if L 0 L 0h_2 And R 0 R 0h_2 When not equal, then use O 1 O 2h The straight line is a rotating shaft, the theoretical model is fixed, the weldment model is rotated by a small angle, and then the weldment model is projected again to obtain a new projection point L 0h_3 And R 0h_3 And so on until L is reached 0 L 0h_i And R 0 R 0h_i Are approximately equal.
Further, a theoretical model longitudinal line O 1 O 2 Is evenly divided into n +1 sections with the division point of Z 1 ，Z 2 ，Z 3 ，…，Z n As shown in FIG. 6, a passing point is made at the point and the longitudinal line O 1 O 2 A series of first intersecting lines are obtained through a series of vertical planes. The intersection point of the series of planes and the left edge line of the theoretical model is L 1 ，L 2 ，…，L n The intersection point with the right side line of the theoretical model is R 1 ，R 2 ，…，R n As shown in fig. 6.
Curve O of weld 1 O 2h Is also uniformly divided into n +1 sections with the division point of Z 1h ，Z 2h ，Z 3h ，…，Z nh Passing each point and making the curve O between the point and the welding line 1 O 2h A series of second intersecting lines are obtained through a series of vertical planes. The intersection point of the series of planes and the left side line of the weldment model is L 1hh ，L 2hh ，…，L nhh And the intersection point with the right side line of the weldment model is R 1hh ，R 2hh ，…，R nhh As shown in fig. 7.
The first intersection of the theoretical model and the second intersection of the weldment model are extracted, respectively, as shown in fig. 8. L is x Z x R x A first line of intersection, L, intercepted on the theoretical model xhh Z xh R xhh And x is a number of 1, 2, 3, …, n, which is a second intersection taken on the weldment pattern.
Let Δ L Is an arc L x Z x The amount of contraction of, then L Length of arc L x Z x X a in the arc L xhh Z xh Upper, a point L is determined xh Make an arc L xh Z xh Is equal to the arc length L x Z x -Δ L Where a is the transverse contraction coefficient, thereby determining L xh And (4) point. Similarly, let Δ R Is an arc R x Z x The amount of contraction of, then R Arc length R x Z x X a in the arc R xhh Z xh Upper determination of a point R xh Make the arc R xh Z h Is equal to the arc length R x Z x -Δ R As shown in fig. 8. Thereby determining the corresponding relation between the transverse line of the weldment model and the transverse line of the theoretical digital model.
In the welding deformation measuring method of the embodiment, the first end point and the second end point of the theoretical model are respectively extended to the edge of the forming plate, the extending distance and the extending direction are recorded, and the position of the characteristic position on the weldment model is obtained by utilizing the reverse deduction of the information after welding, so that the relative position of the weldment with allowance and the longitudinal line of the theoretical model can be determined, and then the transverse direction of the weldment model is determined through the auxiliary plane vertical to the longitudinal line of the theoretical model, so that the welding deformation calculation reference of the weldment with allowance is obtained.
And obtaining the corresponding relation between the weldment model and the theoretical model points through the intersecting lines of the auxiliary planes perpendicular to the longitudinal line of the theoretical model and the intersecting lines of the auxiliary planes perpendicular to the welding line curve of the weldment model and the weldment model, wherein various deformation modes such as out-of-plane deformation, transverse shrinkage, longitudinal shrinkage and the like are considered in the calculation of the welding deformation.
By the welding deformation measuring method, the welding deformation measuring reference of the weldment with the machining allowance can be obtained, and the welding deformation value of any point on the weldment can be obtained through the measuring reference, namely the welding deformation distribution of each point on the whole curved surface of the weldment is obtained.
The welding deformation measuring method of the embodiment does not need to drill holes and make marks on the surface of the part, does not need to carry out any treatment on the surface of the part, does not add extra working procedures, and does not influence the normal production of products.
In the welding deformation measuring method of the embodiment, a measuring reference corresponding to the welding deformation description is provided; meanwhile, a set of cross section is respectively arranged on the theoretical model and the weldment model, coordinate data are respectively and independently extracted, meanwhile, the theoretical model and points on the actual weldment have one-to-one correspondence, the reference construction method is reasonable, the deformation value acquisition method is ingenious and concise, and deformation results are easy to understand and accept.
At present, a large number of thin-wall complex space curved surface welding structures are involved in aviation products, and the requirements for welding deformation control and welding deformation measurement are all involved. The welding deformation measuring method provided by the embodiment has the advantages that the welding deformation measuring method is high in engineering feasibility, guaranteed in precision, simple and easy to implement, no working procedure is added in the machining and manufacturing processes of forming, welding and the like of the thin-wall complex space curved surface structure, no mark is required to be machined or pasted on a part, and no extra work is required to be added in the welding process. The obtained measurement result can be permanently stored, various analyses can be performed at any time, and the analysis content can be arbitrarily increased.
After welding, the materials can generate transverse and longitudinal shrinkage deformation besides out-of-plane deformation, and the thin-wall laser welding piece also has the same effect, but the transverse and longitudinal shrinkage deformation values are smaller relative to the out-of-plane deformation. Further, in an embodiment, a welding deformation measuring method further includes the steps of: the deformation shrinkage of the flat plate was obtained. Specifically, the length and width of the flat plate before welding are respectively set as C 0 And K 0 And the postweld length and width are C and K, respectively, the transverse shrinkage rate a is (K) 0 -K)/K 0 The longitudinal shrinkage rate b ═ C 0 -C)/C 0 . Preferably, a plurality of values of C and K may be measured at different lengths and widths of the flat plate, and a plurality of values of a and b are calculated, each of which is averaged as a value of the transverse shrinkage and the longitudinal shrinkage. Therefore, a more accurate numerical value can be obtained, and the transverse and longitudinal shrinkage deformation of the weldment can be measured.
Further, in an embodiment, a welding deformation measuring method further includes the steps of:
acquiring w first equal-spaced points on a welding line of the theoretical model, respectively extending the first equal-spaced points towards the direction of the theoretical model far away from the welding line to form w first intersecting lines, and equidistantly dividing the theoretical model by the first intersecting lines;
acquiring w second bisectors equidistantly distributed on a weld joint of the weldment model, respectively extending the second bisectors towards the direction of the weldment model far away from a weld joint line to form w second intersecting lines, and equidistantly dividing the weldment model by the second intersecting lines, wherein w is greater than or equal to 2;
selecting a first intersection line L x Z x R x And a corresponding second intersection line L xhh Z xh R xhh Let a L Is an arc L x Z x The amount of contraction of, then L Length of arc L x Z x X a in the arc L xhh Z xh Upper acquisition L xh Point, make arc L xh Z xh Is equal to the arc length L x Z x -Δ L (ii) a Let Δ R Is an arc R x Z x The amount of contraction of, then R Arc length R x Z x X a in the arc R xhh Z xh Up to obtain R xh Point, make arc R xh Z xh Is equal to the arc length R x Z x -Δ R Wherein a is a transverse shrinkage coefficient. The shrinkage condition of the weldment can be reflected.
Further, in one embodiment, the arc L is x Z x Uniformly dividing into m segments to obtain m-1 points, and arc aligning xh Z xh Evenly dividing the workpiece into m sections to obtain m-1 branch points, wherein the displacement between the corresponding branch points is welding deformation; will be arc R x Z x Uniformly divided into m sections, then arc-aligned R xh Z xh The welding deformation is uniformly divided into m sections, m-1 points are obtained respectively, and as shown in fig. 9, the displacement between the corresponding points is the welding deformation and can reflect the deformation condition of the weldment. As shown in fig. 10, after obtaining the deformation value, the two-dimensional scattergram is described by using a plane rectangular coordinate. Describing the deformation values of all points on the sectional lines by space coordinatesAnd the space coordinate scatter diagram of the welding deformation is obtained. From fig. 10 it can be seen that in the longitudinal direction the weldment undergoes an upwardly convex flexural deformation.
Further, in an embodiment, a preset value that is a positive number is preset, and in step S7 and step S8, if the first distance L is greater than the first distance L 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 If the difference is smaller than the predetermined value, the first distance L is determined 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 Equal, by setting a preset value of a positive number, a certain error can be allowed, for the first distance L 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 The judgment of (1) is more in line with the actual requirement.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not limited to the present application. Various modifications and alterations to this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A welding deformation measuring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, presetting allowance size of the formed plate at the first end point O of the net welding seam 1 Extending a first length D in the direction of the weld 1 Obtain the first point G 1 Continue along O 1 G 1 Is directionally extended by a second length E 1 To obtain a second point J 1 Then O is 1 J 1 For shaping the sheet at the first end point O of the weld 1 The total balance of (c);
net weld second end point O 2 The third length D is extended along the welding seam direction 2 A third point G is obtained 2 Continue along O 2 G 2 Is directionally extended by a fourth length E 2 To obtain a fourth point J 2 Then O is 2 J 2 For forming the plate at the second end point O of the weld 2 The total balance of (c);
wherein, O 1 The point is a first feature point; o is 2 The point is a second feature point;
s2, welding the two forming plates according to the presetting of the step S1 to obtain a welding piece with allowance;
s3, scanning the surface of the weldment with allowance to obtain the coordinate value (x) of each point on the surface of the weldment i ，y i ，z i ) In which includes G 1 Dot, G 2 Point, J 1 Point sum J 2 Point coordinates, and coordinate values of each point and angular point are collected to form a weldment model;
s4, vertically placing the prismatic sliding block at the welding seam, enabling two vertexes on one bottom edge of the sliding block to be located on the central line of the welding seam, scanning edges passing through the two vertexes to obtain a plurality of points on the two edges, and storing coordinates of the points in the weldment model;
s5, moving the slider to the next position along the center line of the welding seam, then repeating the step S4, obtaining coordinates of a plurality of points on two edges of the slider, storing the coordinates of the points in a weldment model, and constructing a curved surface by obtaining the edge coordinates at different positions, wherein the curved surface is intersected with the weldment model, and the intersection line is the welding seam position;
s6, determining a first measurement reference, and selecting O 1 Selecting O as the first characteristic point 2 Setting the model of weldment and the theoretical model in the same rectangular coordinate system, and setting the model of weldment in G-th order on the model of weldment 1 Starting at point, along J 1 G 1 Direction movement D 1 Distance, obtaining O on the weldment model 1 Point; on weldment model from G 2 Starting at point, along J 2 G 2 Direction movement D 2 Distance, obtaining O on the weldment model 2 Point; keeping the theoretical model still, only moving the weldment model to ensure that O on the weldment model 1 Point and theoretical model O 1 Point superposition; then, O of the weldment model, except for keeping the theoretical model stationary 1 The point is also kept still, and the O of the weldment model is enabled to be rotated by rotating the weldment model 2 Point falling on the theoretical model O 1 O 2 Connecting the wires; o on weldment pattern due to weld distortion 2 Points generally do not correspond to O on a theoretical model 2 Point coincidence, thus on the weldment modelO of (A) to (B) 2 Point O 2h Denotes that the first measurement reference O 1 O 2h Determining;
s7, determining a second measurement standard, making a plane intersected with the theoretical model along the direction perpendicular to the welding line of the theoretical model, acquiring a functional intersection line formed by the plane and the theoretical model, and respectively acquiring first reference points L at two ends of the functional intersection line 0 And a second reference point R 0 The first reference point L 0 And a second reference point R 0 Respectively projecting to the weldment models to respectively obtain first projection points L 0h_1 And a second projection point R 0h_1 Obtaining a first reference point L 0 And a first projection point L 0h_1 First distance L therebetween 0 L 0h_1 Obtaining a second reference point R 0 And a second projection point R 0h_1 A second distance R therebetween 0 R 0h_1 If the first distance L is 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 If the first measurement datum and the second measurement datum are equal, determining a second measurement datum; if the first distance L 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 If not, go to step S8;
s8, based on the first reference line O 1 O 2h After rotating the theoretical model or the weldment model for the rotation axis, step S7 is repeated until the first distance L 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 And if the two are equal, the second measurement reference is determined.
2. The welding deformation measuring method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: and obtaining the deformation shrinkage rate of the two forming plates.
3. The method of measuring welding deformation according to claim 2, wherein the flat plate is made of the same material, has the same plate thickness as the formed plate, and is welded by the same welding process as the formed plate, and the length and width of the flat plate before welding are C 0 And K 0 And the postweld length and width are C and K, respectively, the transverse shrinkage rate a is (K) 0 -K)/K 0 The longitudinal shrinkage rate b ═ C 0 -C)/C 0 。
4. The welding deformation measuring method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by further comprising the steps of:
acquiring w first equal-spaced points on a welding line of the theoretical model, respectively extending the first equal-spaced points towards the direction of the theoretical model far away from the welding line to form w first intersecting lines, and equidistantly dividing the theoretical model by the first intersecting lines;
acquiring w second bisectors equidistantly distributed on a weld joint of the weldment model, respectively extending the second bisectors towards the direction of the weldment model far away from a weld joint line to form w second intersecting lines, and equidistantly dividing the weldment model by the second intersecting lines, wherein w is greater than or equal to 2;
selecting a first intersection line L x Z x R x And a corresponding second intersection line L xhh Z xh R xhh Let a L Is an arc L x Z x The amount of contraction of, then L Equal to arc length L x Z x X a in the arc L xhh Z xh Upper acquisition L xh Point, make arc L xh Z xh Is equal to the arc length L x Z x -Δ L (ii) a Let Δ R Is an arc R x Z x The amount of contraction of, then R Arc length R x Z x X a in the arc R xhh Z xh Up to obtain R xh Point, make arc R xh Z xh Is equal to the arc length R x Z x -Δ R Wherein a is a transverse shrinkage coefficient.
5. Welding deformation measuring method according to claim 4, characterized in that the arc L is drawn x Z x Uniformly dividing into m segments to obtain m-1 points, and arc aligning xh Z xh Evenly dividing the workpiece into m sections to obtain m-1 branch points, wherein the displacement between the corresponding branch points is welding deformation; will be arc R x Z x Uniformly divided into m sections, then arc-aligned R xh Z xh Evenly divided into m sections, each obtaining m-1 points, the displacement between the corresponding points is weldingAnd deforming.
6. The welding deformation measuring method of claim 1, wherein a preset value which is a positive number is preset, and in the steps S7 and S8, if the first distance L is a positive number 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 If the difference is smaller than the predetermined value, the first distance L is determined 0 L 0h_1 And a second distance R 0 R 0h_1 Are equal.
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