CN112833164A - Flexible gear for harmonic reducer and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Flexible gear for harmonic reducer and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112833164A CN112833164A CN202110145704.8A CN202110145704A CN112833164A CN 112833164 A CN112833164 A CN 112833164A CN 202110145704 A CN202110145704 A CN 202110145704A CN 112833164 A CN112833164 A CN 112833164A
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- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
- F16H55/17—Toothed wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/0036—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product gears
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D33/00—Equipment for handling moulds
- B22D33/06—Burdening or relieving moulds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
- F16H55/08—Profiling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
- F16H55/14—Construction providing resilience or vibration-damping
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a flexible gear for a harmonic reducer and a manufacturing method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of pouring device installation, pouring molding, cooling demolding, end cover installation and heat treatment. The invention can make the wave generator directly act on the flexible ring, and the flexible ring drives the outer gear ring and the thin-wall cup body to rotate, thus prolonging the service life of the flexible gear, being not easy to damage and meeting the requirement of long-term operation under various complex conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flexible gear for a harmonic reducer and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The harmonic reducer has the characteristics of high precision, high torque, low vibration and quick response, and is widely applied to different fields of industrial robots, mechanical equipment, aerospace, communication equipment, optical equipment and the like. The harmonic reducer has the characteristics of high transmission precision, high efficiency, stable transmission, small volume and the like, and has obvious advantages when being applied to partial joints of the robot.
The harmonic reducer consists of flexible gear, rigid gear and wave generator, and the transmission of its motion or power is that under the action of wave generator the flexible gear is forced to produce elastic deformation and is interacted with the rigid gear so as to attain the goal of transmission, so that the flexible gear is the most central basic component in the harmonic reducer.
The flexible gear, namely a flexible gear, has a plurality of thin-wall cup types, thin-wall cylindrical or flat embedded types and the like, a gear ring is arranged outside the opening end of the thin-wall cylindrical flexible gear, the flexible gear deforms under the forced deformation of a wave generator and is driven by the wave generator to generate staggered tooth meshing motion, and the flexible gear is easy to damage and influences the service life of the harmonic reducer when the flexible gear runs for a long time under the complex stress condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flexible gear for a harmonic reducer and a technical scheme of a manufacturing method thereof aiming at the defects in the prior art, a wave generator can be directly acted on a flexible ring, an outer gear ring and a thin-wall cup body are driven to rotate by the flexible ring, the service life of the flexible gear can be prolonged, the flexible gear is not easy to damage and can run for a long time under various complex conditions, the manufacturing method has simple steps, not only can realize synchronous casting molding of a plurality of flexible gears and improve the processing efficiency, but also can improve the processing precision and quality of the flexible gear, improve the strength of the flexible gear and prolong the service life.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a flexible gear for a harmonic reducer is characterized in that: the flexible ring is arranged on one side of an opening of the thin-wall cup body, an outer gear ring is arranged on the side surface of the outer circumference of the thin-wall cup body, cavities are uniformly arranged in the flexible ring, an elastic body is arranged in each cavity, through holes communicated with the cavities are uniformly arranged on the end surface of the flexible ring, and plugs are arranged in the through holes; through the design of flexible ring, can make wave generator direct action with flexible ring on, it rotates to encircle outer ring gear and thin wall cup through flexible ring, can prolong flexible gear's life, it is not fragile, satisfy long-term operation under the various complex condition, the cavity is used for placing the elastomer, design through the elastomer can make flexible ring have certain elasticity, satisfy harmonic reducer's operation requirement, can play the effect of buffering damping, improve driven precision, the through-hole is convenient for flexible ring and is making the elastomer pouring in the cavity man-hour, improve the closeness of being connected between elastomer and the flexible ring, the stopper can seal the through-hole.
Furthermore, reinforcing ribs are uniformly arranged between the outer side face of the thin-wall cup body and the flexible ring, the connection strength between the thin-wall cup body and the flexible ring can be improved through the design of the reinforcing ribs, and the phenomenon that the flexible ring and the thin-wall cup body are broken to influence the service life of the flexible gear is avoided.
Furthermore, an end cover is arranged on the closed side of the thin-wall cup body, a shaft hole and a mounting hole are formed in the end cover, the shaft hole and the mounting hole are convenient for mounting and connecting the output shaft, and the connection reliability is improved.
Further, the caliber of the thin-wall cup body is reduced from the opening side to the closed side in equal proportion.
Furthermore, the cavity and the elastomer are both of cylindrical structures, the elastomer is matched with the cavity, and the cavity and the elastomer of the cylindrical structures are designed, so that the stress of the flexible ring is uniform, and the flexible ring is prevented from being broken due to uneven stress.
The manufacturing method of the flexible gear for the harmonic reducer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) installation of pouring device
a. Firstly, determining the sizes of a base, side plates and a top plate according to design requirements, processing the corresponding base, side plates and top plate, fixedly installing the two side plates on the top surface of the base, ensuring that the two side plates are arranged in parallel, improving the stability of the whole pouring device and further improving the pouring quality;
b. then, the mounting position of the fixing plate is determined between the two side plates according to design requirements, the fixing plates are sequentially and fixedly mounted at the set positions of the side plates from bottom to top, the two adjacent fixing plates are ensured to be parallel to each other, a bottom plate is mounted on the top surface of each fixing plate, a pouring mold and an elastic assembly are arranged on the bottom plate, the fixing plates can divide the space between the two side plates at equal intervals, synchronous processing of a plurality of flexible gears is realized, the pouring mold is convenient for pouring and forming of the flexible gears, the processing efficiency of the flexible gears is improved, and the elastic assembly can play a role of buffering when the pouring clamping mechanism is separated from the pouring mold, so that the pouring quality is;
c. then manufacturing corresponding movable plates, symmetrically installing sleeves on the movable plates, placing the bottom movable plate between two fixed plates positioned at the bottom, placing the movable plate at the middle layer between the two fixed plates at the middle, selecting a fixed guide rod with proper size, vertically penetrating the fixed guide rod from the upper fixed plate downwards through each fixed plate and the movable plate to be fixedly connected with the bottom fixed plate, connecting each movable plate on the fixed guide rod through the sleeve, simultaneously sleeving the upper movable plate on the fixed guide rod to be positioned above the upper fixed plate, selecting a connecting rod with proper size according to the space between the movable plates, vertically and downwards sequentially passing through the fixed plates and the movable plates at the middle layer from the upper movable plate, then penetrating through the bottom movable plate, and fixedly connecting each movable plate with the connecting rod through a nut, the distance between the bottom surface of each movable plate and the fixed plate at the corresponding bottom of the movable plate is kept consistent, the movable plates are assembled in a mode from bottom to top, the movable plates can be smoothly installed, the height position of each movable plate can be conveniently adjusted, the processing of flexible gears with different sizes is met, the movable plates can move up and down along the fixed guide rods through the sleeves, the movable plates are prevented from inclining in the up-and-down moving process and affecting the pouring quality, the movable plates can be fixedly connected through the connecting rods, the movable plates can be guaranteed to move up and down synchronously, the synchronous pouring of the flexible gears is achieved, and the processing efficiency is improved;
d. a pouring clamping mechanism is arranged on the side surface of each moving plate, and is communicated with external feeding equipment through a conveying pipe, so that the pouring materials can be continuously conveyed in the box pouring clamping mechanism;
e. finally, the top plate is horizontally and fixedly installed between the tops of the two side plates, the top end of the fixed guide rod is fixedly connected with the top plate, the first air cylinder is installed on the top surface of the top plate, the first air cylinder is connected with the upper movable plate through a first piston rod, the first air cylinder drives the upper movable plate to move up and down through the first piston rod, the other movable plates can synchronously move up and down, and the pouring efficiency is improved;
2) casting molding
a. Firstly, manufacturing corresponding elastic bodies according to design requirements, sequentially placing the elastic bodies in casting molds, pushing the casting molds into corresponding bottom plates for fixing until the casting molds on each bottom plate are installed, improving the casting precision and avoiding leakage;
b. then starting a first air cylinder, driving the movable plate on the upper layer to move downwards through a first piston rod, driving the movable plates on the middle layer and the bottom layer to synchronously move downwards through a connecting rod, and pushing the elastic assembly to be close to a casting mold by a casting clamping mechanism until the casting clamping mechanism is completely matched with the casting mold;
c. starting external feeding equipment, and synchronously pouring materials into all the pouring molds until all the pouring molds are poured;
d. finally, driving the first piston rod to move reversely through the first air cylinder, separating each pouring clamping mechanism from the pouring mold, sequentially taking down the pouring mold, and replacing the next batch of pouring molds;
3) cooling and demoulding
Cooling the taken casting mold to room temperature, demolding to form a required flexible gear blank, integrally molding the thin-wall cup body, the flexible ring and the outer gear ring, and installing a plug along the through hole in the flexible ring;
4) end cap installation
Firstly, forming a round hole along the closed end part of a flexible gear blank, processing a corresponding end cover according to the size of the round hole, forming a shaft hole and a mounting hole on the end cover, clamping the end cover into the round hole, and fixing the end cover by welding;
5) thermal treatment
a. Firstly, carrying out spheroidizing annealing heat treatment on a flexible gear blank, heating to 700-900 ℃, preserving heat for 30-50 min, then cooling to 500-600 ℃, air cooling, and carrying out rough turning;
b. then heating the rough-turned flexible gear blank to 700-900 ℃, preserving heat for 30-50 min, cooling the blank to 50-80 ℃ by quenching oil, cleaning, heating to 500-600 ℃, preserving heat for 30-50 min, cooling by air cooling, and performing semi-finishing;
c. and then heating the flexible gear blank subjected to semi-finishing to 700-900 ℃, preserving heat for 30-50 min, cooling to 50-80 ℃, cleaning, tempering, and finally finishing to obtain the required flexible gear.
The manufacturing method has simple steps, can realize synchronous casting molding of a plurality of flexible gears, improves the processing efficiency, and can improve the processing precision and quality of the flexible gears, improve the strength and prolong the service life.
Further, the casting mold comprises an upper mold and a lower mold, the side faces of the upper mold and the lower mold are provided with lug plates, two adjacent lug plates are connected through bolts, the bottom face of the lower mold is provided with a positioning plate, the top face of the positioning plate is provided with a core mold and a fixing rod, the core mold is located at the center of the positioning plate, the fixing rod is uniformly distributed on the positioning plate in an annular mode, a pouring hole is formed in the upper mold, the upper mold and the lower mold can be conveniently mounted and dismounted through bolts, the core mold is matched with cavities in the upper mold and the lower mold to form a structure of a flexible gear, an outer gear ring is convenient to form, the flexible ring and a thin-wall cup body are integrally formed, the fixing rod is convenient for mounting of an elastomer, the elastomer is uniformly.
Further, elastic component includes lifter plate and telescopic link, and the lifter plate passes through the telescopic link and removes the connection in the top of bottom plate, all overlaps on every telescopic link and is equipped with the spring, and the center department of lifter plate is provided with the through-hole, and the telescopic link can make the lifter plate be close to or keep away from casting mold, and the spring can play the cushioning effect.
Further, pouring fixture includes the second cylinder, cantilever and pouring head, the second cylinder is through hanging board fixed connection on the movable plate, be provided with the joint on the second cylinder, the cantilever passes through the second piston rod and connects the second cylinder, the tip of cantilever is located to the pouring head, pouring head and through-hole phase-match, be provided with the pouring pipe on the side of pouring head, the bottom of pouring head is provided with the discharge opening, pouring pipe and discharge opening intercommunication, can drive cantilever horizontal migration through the second cylinder through the second piston rod, and then can drive pouring head horizontal migration, adjust the horizontal position of pouring head, pouring pipe and outside feeding equipment intercommunication, the pouring material is through pouring pipe input discharge opening, and go into in the pouring hole.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. through the design of the flexible ring, the wave generator can directly act on the flexible ring, the outer gear ring and the thin-wall cup body are driven to rotate by the flexible ring, the service life of the flexible gear can be prolonged, the flexible gear is not easy to damage, and long-term operation under various complex conditions is met.
2. The cavity is used for placing the elastomer, can make flexible ring have certain elasticity through the design of elastomer, satisfies harmonic reducer ware's operation requirement, can play the effect of buffering damping, improves driven precision.
3. The through hole is convenient for the flexible ring to make the elastomer pour into the cavity when processing, improves the connection compactness between elastomer and the flexible ring, and the stopper can seal the through hole.
4. The manufacturing method has simple steps, can realize synchronous casting molding of a plurality of flexible gears, improves the processing efficiency, and can improve the processing precision and quality of the flexible gears, improve the strength and prolong the service life.
Description of the drawings:
the invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a view showing an effect of a compliant gear used in a harmonic reducer and a method of manufacturing the compliant gear according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a compliant gear according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection of the flexible ring to the outer ring gear of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the end cap of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the pouring apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 5 at I;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a casting mold according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the pouring clamping mechanism in the invention.
In the figure: 1-thin wall cup body; 2-a flexible ring; 3-external gear ring; 4-a plug; 5-reinforcing ribs; 6-end cover; 7-a cavity; 8-an elastomer; 9-shaft hole; 10-mounting holes; 11-a base; 12-side plates; 13-a top plate; 14-a fixed plate; 15-moving the board; 16-a fixed guide rod; 17-a sleeve; 18-an engagement rod; 19-a first cylinder; 20-a first piston rod; 21-a second cylinder; 22-a suspension plate; 23-a linker; 24-a cantilever; 25-a casting head; 26-a bottom plate; 27-a lifter plate; 28-a telescopic rod; 29-a positioning plate; 30-casting a mold; 31-lower mold; 32-upper mould; 33-core mold; 34-a fixing rod; 35-a pouring hole; 36-ear plate; 37-bolt; 38-pour tube.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims, and in the drawings, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the flexible gear for the harmonic reducer of the present invention comprises a thin-wall cup body 1 and a flexible ring 2, wherein the flexible ring 2 is arranged on one side of an opening of the thin-wall cup body 1, an outer gear ring 3 is arranged on the outer circumferential side surface of the thin-wall cup body 1, a cavity 7 is uniformly arranged in the flexible ring 2, an elastic body 8 is arranged in the cavity 7, a through hole communicated with the cavity 7 is uniformly arranged on the end surface of the flexible ring 2, and a plug 4 is arranged in the through hole; through the design of flexible ring 2, can make wave generator direct action with flexible ring 2 on, drive outer ring gear 3 and thin wall cup 1 through flexible ring 2 and rotate, can prolong flexible gear's life, it is not fragile, satisfy long-term operation under the various complex conditions, cavity 7 is used for placing elastomer 8, design through elastomer 8 can make flexible ring 2 have certain elasticity, satisfy harmonic speed reducer's operation requirement, can play the effect of buffering damping, improve driven precision, the through-hole is convenient for flexible ring 2 to make elastomer 8 pour into a mould in cavity 7 man-hour, improve the closeness of being connected between elastomer 8 and the flexible ring 2, stopper 4 can seal the through-hole.
Reinforcing ribs 5 are uniformly arranged between the outer side surface of the thin-wall cup body 1 and the flexible ring 2, the connection strength between the thin-wall cup body 1 and the flexible ring 2 can be improved through the design of the reinforcing ribs 5, and the phenomenon that the flexible ring 2 and the thin-wall cup body 1 are broken to influence the service life of the flexible gear is avoided.
An end cover 6 is arranged on the closed side of the thin-wall cup body 1, a shaft hole 9 and a mounting hole 10 are formed in the end cover 6, the shaft hole 9 and the mounting hole 10 are convenient for mounting and connecting an output shaft, and the connection reliability is improved.
The caliber of the thin-wall cup body 1 is reduced from the opening side to the closed side in equal proportion.
The cavity 7 and the elastomer 8 are both of a cylindrical structure, the elastomer 8 is matched with the cavity 7, and the cavity 7 and the elastomer 8 of the cylindrical structure are designed, so that the stress of the flexible ring 2 is uniform, and the flexible ring 2 is prevented from being broken due to uneven stress.
The manufacturing method of the flexible gear for the harmonic reducer comprises the following steps:
1) installation of pouring device
a. Firstly, determining the sizes of a base 11, side plates 12 and a top plate 13 according to design requirements, processing the corresponding base 11, side plates 12 and top plate 13, fixedly installing the two side plates 12 on the top surface of the base 11, ensuring the parallel arrangement of the two side plates 12, improving the stability of the whole pouring device and further improving the pouring quality;
b. then, the mounting position of the fixing plate 14 is determined between the two side plates 12 according to design requirements, the fixing plates 14 are sequentially and fixedly mounted at the set positions of the side plates 12 from bottom to top, it is ensured that the two fixing plates 14 which are adjacent up and down are parallel to each other, a bottom plate 26 is mounted on the top surface of each fixing plate 14, a pouring mold 30 and an elastic assembly are arranged on the bottom plate 26, the fixing plates 14 can partition the space between the two side plates 12 at equal intervals, synchronous processing of a plurality of flexible gears is realized, the pouring mold 30 facilitates pouring forming of the flexible gears, the processing efficiency of the flexible gears is improved, the elastic assembly can play a role of buffering when the pouring clamping mechanism is separated from the pouring mold 30, and the pouring quality is improved;
the casting mold 30 comprises an upper mold 32 and a lower mold 31, the side surfaces of the upper mold 32 and the lower mold 31 are respectively provided with an ear plate 36, the upper and lower adjacent ear plates 36 are connected through a bolt 37, the bottom surface of the lower mold 31 is provided with a positioning plate 29, the top surface of the positioning plate 29 is provided with a core mold 33 and a fixing rod 34, the core mold 33 is positioned at the center of the positioning plate 29, the fixing rod 34 is uniformly distributed on the positioning plate 29 in an annular shape, the upper mold 32 is provided with a casting hole 35, the upper mold 32 and the lower mold 31 are convenient to install and detach through the bolt 37, the core mold 33 is matched with cavities in the upper mold 32 and the lower mold 31 to form a flexible gear structure, so that the outer gear ring 3, the flexible ring 2 and the thin-wall cup body 1 are convenient to integrally form, and the fixing rod 34 is convenient to install the elastomer 8, so that the.
Elastic component includes lifter plate 27 and telescopic link 28, and lifter plate 27 passes through telescopic link 28 and removes the connection in the top of bottom plate 26, all overlaps on every telescopic link 28 to be equipped with the spring, and lifter plate 27's center department is provided with the through-hole, and telescopic link 28 can make lifter plate 27 be close to or keep away from casting mold 30, and the spring can play the cushioning effect.
c. Then manufacturing a corresponding movable plate 15, symmetrically installing sleeves 17 on the movable plate 15, placing the bottom movable plate 15 between the two fixed plates 14 at the bottom, placing the movable plate 15 at the middle layer between the two fixed plates 14 at the middle, selecting a fixed guide rod 16 with a proper size, vertically penetrating the fixed guide rod 16 from the fixed plate 14 at the upper layer downwards through each fixed plate 14 and the movable plate 15 to be fixedly connected with the fixed plate 14 at the bottom, connecting each movable plate 15 on the fixed guide rod 16 through the sleeve 17, simultaneously sleeving the movable plate 15 at the upper layer on the fixed guide rod 16 to be positioned above the fixed plate 14 at the upper part, selecting an engaging rod 18 with a proper size according to the space between the movable plates 15, vertically downwards moving the movable plate 18 from the movable plate 15 at the upper layer to pass through the fixed plates 14 and 15 at the middle layer in turn, and then passing through the movable plate 15 at the bottom, each moving plate 15 is fixedly connected with a joint rod 18 through a nut, so that the distance between the bottom surface of each moving plate 15 and the fixed plate 14 at the corresponding bottom of each moving plate is kept consistent, the moving plates 15 are assembled from bottom to top, the moving plates 15 can be smoothly installed, the height positions of the moving plates 15 can be conveniently adjusted, the processing of flexible gears with different sizes is met, the moving plates 15 can move up and down along a fixed guide rod 16 through a sleeve 17, the moving plates 15 are prevented from inclining in the up-and-down moving process to influence the pouring quality, the joint rod 18 can fixedly connect the moving plates 15, the moving plates 15 are ensured to synchronously move up and down, the synchronous pouring of a plurality of flexible gears is realized, and the processing efficiency is improved;
d. a pouring clamping mechanism is arranged on the side surface of each moving plate 15, and is communicated with external feeding equipment through a conveying pipe, so that the pouring materials can be continuously conveyed in the box pouring clamping mechanism;
the pouring clamping mechanism comprises a second cylinder 21, a cantilever 24 and a pouring head 25, the second cylinder 21 is fixedly connected to the movable plate 15 through a suspension plate 22, a connector 23 is arranged on the second cylinder 21, the cantilever 24 is connected with the second cylinder 21 through a second piston rod, the pouring head 25 is arranged at the end part of the cantilever 24, the pouring head 25 is matched with the through hole, a pouring pipe 38 is arranged on the side surface of the pouring head 25, a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the pouring head 25, the pouring pipe 38 is communicated with the discharge hole, the cantilever 24 can be driven to horizontally move through the second cylinder 21 through the second piston rod, the pouring head 25 can be driven to horizontally move, the horizontal position of the pouring head 25 is adjusted, the pouring pipe 38 is communicated with external feeding equipment, and pouring materials are input into the discharge hole through the pouring pipe 38 and enter the pouring hole 35.
e. Finally, the top plate 13 is horizontally and fixedly installed between the tops of the two side plates 12, the top end of the fixed guide rod 16 is fixedly connected with the top plate 13, the first air cylinder 19 is installed on the top surface of the top plate 13, the first air cylinder 19 is connected with the upper moving plate 15 through the first piston rod 20, the first air cylinder 19 drives the upper moving plate 15 to move up and down through the first piston rod 20, the other moving plates 15 can move up and down synchronously, and the pouring efficiency is improved;
2) casting molding
a. Firstly, manufacturing corresponding elastic bodies 8 according to design requirements, sequentially placing the elastic bodies 8 in casting molds 30, pushing the casting molds 30 into the corresponding bottom plates 26 to be fixed until the casting molds 30 on each bottom plate 26 are installed, improving the casting precision and avoiding leakage;
b. then, starting the first cylinder 19, driving the moving plate 15 on the upper layer to move downwards through the first piston rod 20, driving the moving plates 15 on the middle layer and the bottom layer to synchronously move downwards through the connecting rod 18, and pushing the elastic component to be close to the casting mold 30 by the casting clamping mechanism until the casting clamping mechanism is completely matched with the casting mold 30;
c. then starting external feeding equipment, and synchronously pouring materials into the pouring molds 30 until all the pouring molds 30 are poured;
d. finally, the first piston rod 20 is driven by the first air cylinder 19 to move reversely, so that each pouring clamping mechanism is separated from the pouring mold 30, the pouring molds 30 are sequentially taken down, and the next batch of pouring molds 30 are replaced;
3) cooling and demoulding
Cooling the taken casting mold 30 to room temperature, then demolding to form a required flexible gear blank, integrally molding the thin-wall cup body 1, the flexible ring 2 and the outer gear ring 3, and installing a plug 4 along a through hole on the flexible ring 2;
4) end cap 6 mounting
Firstly, forming a round hole along the closed end part of a flexible gear blank, processing a corresponding end cover 6 according to the size of the round hole, forming a shaft hole 9 and a mounting hole 10 on the end cover 6, then clamping the end cover 6 into the round hole, and fixing by welding;
5) thermal treatment
a. Firstly, carrying out spheroidizing annealing heat treatment on a flexible gear blank, heating to 700-900 ℃, preserving heat for 30-50 min, then cooling to 500-600 ℃, air cooling, and carrying out rough turning;
b. then heating the rough-turned flexible gear blank to 700-900 ℃, preserving heat for 30-50 min, cooling the blank to 50-80 ℃ by quenching oil, cleaning, heating to 500-600 ℃, preserving heat for 30-50 min, cooling by air cooling, and performing semi-finishing;
c. and then heating the flexible gear blank subjected to semi-finishing to 700-900 ℃, preserving heat for 30-50 min, cooling to 50-80 ℃, cleaning, tempering, and finally finishing to obtain the required flexible gear.
The manufacturing method has simple steps, can realize synchronous casting molding of a plurality of flexible gears, improves the processing efficiency, and can improve the processing precision and quality of the flexible gears, improve the strength and prolong the service life.
The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any simple variations, equivalent substitutions or modifications based on the present invention to achieve substantially the same technical effects are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A flexible gear for a harmonic reducer is characterized in that: the flexible ring is arranged on one side of an opening of the thin-wall cup body, an outer gear ring is arranged on the side face of the outer circumference of the thin-wall cup body, cavities are evenly arranged in the flexible ring, elastic bodies are arranged in the cavities, through holes communicated with the cavities are evenly formed in the end face of the flexible ring, and plugs are arranged in the through holes.
2. A compliant gear for a harmonic reducer according to claim 1, wherein: reinforcing ribs are uniformly arranged between the outer side surface of the thin-wall cup body and the flexible ring.
3. A compliant gear for a harmonic reducer according to claim 1, wherein: an end cover is arranged on one closed side of the thin-wall cup body, and a shaft hole and a mounting hole are formed in the end cover.
4. A compliant gear for a harmonic reducer according to claim 1, wherein: the caliber of the thin-wall cup body is reduced in equal proportion from the opening side to the closed side.
5. A compliant gear for a harmonic reducer according to claim 1, wherein: the cavity and the elastic body are both cylindrical structures, and the elastic body is matched with the cavity.
6. The method of manufacturing a compliant gear for a harmonic reducer as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
1) installation of pouring device
a. Firstly, determining the sizes of a base, side plates and a top plate according to design requirements, processing the corresponding base, side plates and top plate, fixedly installing the two side plates on the top surface of the base, and ensuring that the two side plates are arranged in parallel;
b. then determining the mounting position of the fixing plates between the two side plates according to design requirements, fixedly mounting the fixing plates at the set positions of the side plates from bottom to top in sequence, ensuring that the two adjacent fixing plates are parallel to each other, mounting a bottom plate on the top surface of each fixing plate, and arranging a casting mold and an elastic assembly on the bottom plate;
c. then manufacturing corresponding movable plates, symmetrically installing sleeves on the movable plates, placing the bottom movable plate between two fixed plates positioned at the bottom, placing the movable plate at the middle layer between the two fixed plates at the middle, selecting a fixed guide rod with proper size, vertically penetrating the fixed guide rod from the upper fixed plate downwards through each fixed plate and the movable plate to be fixedly connected with the bottom fixed plate, connecting each movable plate on the fixed guide rod through the sleeve, simultaneously sleeving the upper movable plate on the fixed guide rod to be positioned above the upper fixed plate, selecting a connecting rod with proper size according to the space between the movable plates, vertically and downwards sequentially passing through the fixed plates and the movable plates at the middle layer from the upper movable plate, then penetrating through the bottom movable plate, and fixedly connecting each movable plate with the connecting rod through a nut, the distance between the bottom surface of each moving plate and the fixed plate at the corresponding bottom of the moving plate is kept consistent;
d. a pouring clamping mechanism is arranged on the side surface of each moving plate and is communicated with external feeding equipment through a conveying pipe;
e. finally, a top plate is horizontally and fixedly arranged between the tops of the two side plates, the top end of the fixed guide rod is fixedly connected with the top plate, a first air cylinder is arranged on the top surface of the top plate, and the first air cylinder is connected with the upper movable plate through a first piston rod;
2) casting molding
a. Firstly, manufacturing corresponding elastomers according to design requirements, sequentially placing the elastomers in casting molds, and pushing the casting molds into corresponding bottom plates for fixing until the casting molds on each bottom plate are completely installed;
b. then starting a first air cylinder, driving the movable plate on the upper layer to move downwards through a first piston rod, driving the movable plates on the middle layer and the bottom layer to synchronously move downwards through a connecting rod, and pushing the elastic assembly to be close to a casting mold by a casting clamping mechanism until the casting clamping mechanism is completely matched with the casting mold;
c. starting external feeding equipment, and synchronously pouring materials into all the pouring molds until all the pouring molds are poured;
d. finally, driving the first piston rod to move reversely through the first air cylinder, separating each pouring clamping mechanism from the pouring mold, sequentially taking down the pouring mold, and replacing the next batch of pouring molds;
3) cooling and demoulding
Cooling the taken casting mold to room temperature, demolding to form a required flexible gear blank, integrally molding the thin-wall cup body, the flexible ring and the outer gear ring, and installing a plug along the through hole in the flexible ring;
4) end cap installation
Firstly, forming a round hole along the closed end part of a flexible gear blank, processing a corresponding end cover according to the size of the round hole, forming a shaft hole and a mounting hole on the end cover, clamping the end cover into the round hole, and fixing the end cover by welding;
5) thermal treatment
a. Firstly, carrying out spheroidizing annealing heat treatment on a flexible gear blank, heating to 700-900 ℃, preserving heat for 30-50 min, then cooling to 500-600 ℃, air cooling, and carrying out rough turning;
b. then heating the rough-turned flexible gear blank to 700-900 ℃, preserving heat for 30-50 min, cooling the blank to 50-80 ℃ by quenching oil, cleaning, heating to 500-600 ℃, preserving heat for 30-50 min, cooling by air cooling, and performing semi-finishing;
c. and then heating the flexible gear blank subjected to semi-finishing to 700-900 ℃, preserving heat for 30-50 min, cooling to 50-80 ℃, cleaning, tempering, and finally finishing to obtain the required flexible gear.
7. The method of manufacturing a compliant gear for a harmonic reducer of claim 6, wherein: the casting mold comprises an upper mold and a lower mold, wherein lug plates are arranged on the side surfaces of the upper mold and the lower mold, the upper lug plate and the lower lug plate are connected through bolts, a positioning plate is arranged on the bottom surface of the lower mold, a core mold and a fixing rod are arranged on the top surface of the positioning plate, the core mold is located at the center of the positioning plate, the fixing rods are uniformly distributed on the positioning plate in an annular mode, and a casting hole is formed in the upper mold.
8. The method of manufacturing a compliant gear for a harmonic reducer of claim 6, wherein: elastic component includes lifter plate and telescopic link, the lifter plate passes through the telescopic link removes to be connected the top of bottom plate, every all the cover is equipped with the spring on the telescopic link, the center department of lifter plate is provided with the through-hole.
9. The method of manufacturing a compliant gear for a harmonic reducer of claim 8, wherein: the pouring clamping mechanism comprises a second cylinder, a cantilever and a pouring head, the second cylinder is fixedly connected to the movable plate through a suspension plate, the cantilever is connected to the second cylinder through a second piston rod, the pouring head is arranged at the end of the cantilever, the pouring head is matched with the through hole, a pouring pipe is arranged on the side face of the pouring head, a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the pouring head, and the pouring pipe is communicated with the discharge hole.
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