CN112831681B - Powder metallurgy method silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material and manufacturing process thereof - Google Patents
Powder metallurgy method silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material and manufacturing process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112831681B CN112831681B CN202011602175.1A CN202011602175A CN112831681B CN 112831681 B CN112831681 B CN 112831681B CN 202011602175 A CN202011602175 A CN 202011602175A CN 112831681 B CN112831681 B CN 112831681B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- ASMQPJTXPYCZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Cd+2].[Ag+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Cd+2].[Ag+] ASMQPJTXPYCZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium oxide Inorganic materials [Cd]=O CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Cd+2] CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Beryllium oxide Chemical compound O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- QEKREONBSFPWTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilver dioxido(dioxo)tungsten Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O QEKREONBSFPWTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- MHLYOTJKDAAHGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver molybdate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MHLYOTJKDAAHGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical group [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000754 repressing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NSAODVHAXBZWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium silver Chemical class [Ag].[Cd] NSAODVHAXBZWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
-
- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/03—Press-moulding apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
- H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
- H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
- H01H1/02372—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te
- H01H1/02374—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te containing as major component CdO
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
- H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
- H01H11/048—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electric contact material manufacturing, in particular to a powder metallurgy method silver cadmium oxide electric contact material and a manufacturing process thereof, wherein the mass fraction of each component is silver (Ag): 85-75%, cadmium oxide (CdO): 15-23%, silver tungstate (Ag2WO 4): 0.5-2%, silver molybdate (Ag2MoO 4): 0.5-2%, magnesium oxide (MgO): 0.01-0.05%, beryllium oxide (BeO): 0.05 to 0.5 percent; after the silver powder and the cadmium oxide powder are mechanically mixed, the silver tungstate powder, the silver molybdate powder, the magnesium oxide powder and the beryllium oxide powder are added, and then ball milling, calcining, granulating, pressing, sintering and repressing are carried out, so as to prepare the silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric contact material manufacturing, in particular to a silver cadmium oxide electric contact material prepared by a powder metallurgy method and a manufacturing process thereof.
Background
At present, the manufacturing method of the silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material is manufactured by adopting an internal oxidation method, and the method is characterized in that metal blocks such as silver, cadmium and the like are placed in a medium-frequency smelting furnace to be smelted into alloy melt, and after a silver-cadmium series alloy is smelted, the alloy melt is sintered at high temperature in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, namely, under a certain temperature, oxygen pressure and oxidation time, cadmium atoms and oxygen atoms in the silver-cadmium alloy are selectively oxidized, so that the silver cadmium oxide material is formed.
The electrical contact material of the silver cadmium oxide prepared by the method has certain defects, (1) the larger the specification of the contact is, the longer the required processing period is, and the poor oxidation area exists in the center of the material, so that the local components are not uniform; (2) the size of cadmium oxide particles manufactured by an alloy internal oxidation method is generally 1-10 microns, and the extremely fine oxide particles cannot meet the on-off test of an electric appliance under the condition of large current and heavy load; (3) as the melting point of silver (Ag) is 960 ℃, special additives beneficial to improving the electrical performance, such as high-temperature metal elements with the melting point of tungsten (W) of 3422 ℃ and the melting point of molybdenum (Mo) of 2610 ℃, can not be added during alloy smelting.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current situation of the prior art, the invention provides a powder metallurgy method silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material and a manufacturing process thereof in order to develop the powder metallurgy method silver cadmium oxide material which is convenient to add special additives and is suitable for being used in heavy-current and heavy-load occasions.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a powder metallurgy method silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 85-75%, cadmium oxide (CdO): 15-23%, silver tungstate (Ag2WO 4): 0.5-2%, silver molybdate (Ag2MoO 4): 0.5-2%, magnesium oxide (MgO): 0.01-0.05%, beryllium oxide (BeO): 0.05 to 0.5 percent; after the silver powder and the cadmium oxide powder are mechanically mixed, the silver tungstate powder, the silver molybdate powder, the magnesium oxide powder and the beryllium oxide powder are added, and then ball milling, calcining, granulating, pressing, sintering and repressing are carried out, so that the silver cadmium oxide electrical contact is prepared.
Preferably, the cadmium oxide powder is formed by high-temperature calcination and is used for improving the high-temperature decomposition resistance of the silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material.
Preferably, the silver tungstate powder and the silver molybdate powder are used for improving the adhesion resistance of the silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material.
Preferably, the magnesium oxide powder is used to disperse the arc.
Preferably, the beryllium oxide powder is used for improving the arc high-temperature erosion resistance of the silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material.
A manufacturing process of a powder metallurgy method silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material comprises the following steps:
(1) the ingredient proportion is that silver (Ag): 85%, cadmium oxide (CdO): 13.49%, silver tungstate (Ag2WO 4): 0.5%, silver molybdate (Ag2MoO 4): 0.5%, magnesium oxide (MgO): 0.01%, beryllium oxide (BeO): 0.5 percent;
(2) calcining the cadmium oxide powder in air for 1 hour at the calcining temperature of 750 ℃; after the calcination is finished, ball-milling the cadmium oxide powder for 0.5 hour; mixing the silver powder and the mixture for 1 hour after the ball milling is finished;
(3) adding the silver tungstate powder, the silver molybdate powder, the magnesium oxide powder and the beryllium oxide powder into the powder mixed in the step (2), and continuing ball milling for 12 hours after the addition is finished; after the ball milling is finished, calcining the obtained powder in air for 1 hour at the calcining temperature of 700 ℃;
(4) and (3) granulation: granulating the powder in a granulator to obtain granules with the particle size of 100 meshes;
(5) pressing: pressing the powder particles into blanks, wherein the size specification is as follows: the length is 50mm, the width is 25mm, and the height is 5 mm;
(6) and (3) sintering: sintering in air for 4 hours at 850 ℃;
(7) repressing: and finishing the contact size, wherein the size specification is as follows: the length is 50mm, the width is 25mm, and the height is 4.7 mm;
(8) and (3) detection: and detecting the density, the hardness, the conductivity, the metallographic phase and the electrical property.
Preferably, the press in step (5) is a novel automatic press, which can realize high-efficiency pressing, and is characterized by comprising a press body, wherein a lower pressing device is installed on an upper cover plate in the press body, a first driving motor and a distance detection sensor are arranged in the lower pressing device, the first driving motor is used for driving a punch on the lower pressing device to perform pressing movement, the first driving mechanism and the distance detection sensor are both connected with a controller, the controller is installed in the press body, the controller is powered by an electric cabinet box installed outside the press body, an upper jacking device is installed on the lower cover plate of the press body relative to the lower pressing device, a second driving motor and an obstacle detection sensor are arranged in the upper jacking device, the second driving motor and the obstacle detection sensor are connected with the controller, and a jacking head on the upper jacking device is driven by the second driving motor to realize upward jacking, and (3) connecting the surface of the upper ejection device with a die mounting seat, wherein a cavity is formed in the die mounting seat, a press-fitting die is arranged in the cavity, and the press-fitting die is used for placing the particles prepared in the step (4) into a blank under the downward pressing motion of the punch and ejecting the blank under the upward ejection motion of the ejector.
By adopting the technical scheme, under the action of the controller, the automatic on-off of the first driving motor and the second driving motor can be realized, the upper jacking device is internally provided with the obstacle detection sensor, when the situation that the material in the press-fitting die reaches the induction value is detected, the obstacle detection sensor transmits the obtained signal to the controller, the controller controls the upper jacking device to operate after analysis, the distance detection sensor in the upper jacking device can be started firstly during operation, the initial height is detected, the placing height of the punch and the material in the press-fitting die is measured, the upper jacking device cannot be started when the distance is smaller than the set value, unsafe factors caused by interference of other objects or manual operation between the punch and the press-fitting die are avoided, if the distance is the set value, the controller controls the punch to press downwards, so that blanks are pressed, after the upper jacking device senses impact, the obstacle detection sensor can feed back a signal to the controller, thereby controlling the ejection of the ejector head to realize the automatic demoulding of the blank.
The pushing device is further arranged in the press body and fixed in a first mounting seat, the first mounting seat is fixed on the inner wall of the press, the pushing device comprises a third driving motor, the third driving motor is connected to a controller, a toothed cylinder is sleeved at a rotating shaft end of the third driving mechanism and used for driving a toothed belt meshed on two rotating shafts, the rotating shafts are connected in second mounting seats at two ends of the pushing device, the toothed belt rotates in an annular mode under the driving of the rotating shafts, a side gear of the toothed belt is connected with a sliding block, the sliding block is clamped in a first slide way of the pushing device, so that the sliding block moves back and forth on one side of the toothed belt under the driving of the toothed belt, the sliding block is connected to one end of a pushing rod, and the other end of the pushing rod is connected with a discharging box, the material placing box is connected with the inside of a second slide way of the die mounting seat in a clamping mode through a limiting block, a stress sensor is arranged in the limiting block and connected with the controller, the material placing box is driven by the sliding block to slide back and forth in the second slide way, and therefore the blank is pushed out of the machine body.
By adopting the technical scheme, after demoulding is finished, the blank can be ejected to the same horizontal height with the mould mounting seat, the obstacle detection sensor transmits an ejection signal to the controller, the controller controls the third driving motor of the ejecting device to operate after data analysis, thereby, under the drive of the dentate column, the toothed belt rotates around the rotating shaft and drives the slide block to move forwards in the first sliding direction, the push-out rod drives the discharging box to push forwards under the action of the second slideway, so that the blank is pushed into the discharging basket which is arranged well, because the bottom of blowing box is equipped with the stopper, the stopper can restrict the blowing box and release the distance, and the blowing box receives the effect of stopper and can receive a power of going back when releasing, and produced power is through the force sensor who is equipped with in the stopper with atress signal feedback to controller to control third driving motor reversal, thereby realize that the blowing box pushes back.
Further set up as, open the top of blowing box has the feed inlet, open the bottom of blowing box has a plurality of discharge gates, the feed inlet is connected with the pipeline, the other end of pipeline is connected in feed arrangement's discharge gate, feed arrangement for embedded in the roof of briquetting machine pours into the granule that makes in above-mentioned step (4) into in the feed arrangement, via the pipeline falls into in the blowing box, the blowing box is in push down to under the drive of slider on the pressure equipment mould, granule in the blowing box passes through the discharge gate falls into in the pressure equipment mould to realize automatic material conveying.
By adopting the technical scheme, the feeding hole at the top end of the discharging box is connected with the feeding device through the pipeline, automatic feeding can be realized by reducing materials in the discharging box, the bottom end of the discharging box is provided with a plurality of discharging holes, and after the blank is pushed out by the discharging box, feeding can be automatically carried out in the press-fitting die, so that automatic feeding is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
by adopting the technical scheme, the oxide particles of the silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material prepared by the invention can be suitable for occasions with heavy current and heavy load, the on-off test of an electrical appliance under the condition of heavy current and heavy load is met, the bonding frequency is lower and the conductivity is better under the condition of repeated connection, and the phenomenon of poor electrical performance of the internal oxidation method silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material under the condition of heavy current and heavy load is solved.
The novel automatic pressing machine adopted by the invention can realize high-efficiency blank manufacturing, has high safety factor, and realizes the orderly operation of each large functional module in the pressing machine through the setting of each sensor and the algorithm calculation of the controller, thereby improving the efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a gold phase diagram of a conventional internal oxidation process;
FIG. 2 is a gold phase diagram of the material of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a gold phase diagram prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a gold phase diagram prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a gold phase diagram prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a gold phase diagram prepared in example 4 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the press.
Which comprises the following steps: 1. a body; 11. a lower stamping device; 111. a punch; 12. a controller; 13. a jacking device; 131. ejecting the head; 14. a die mounting seat; 141. a cavity; 142. pressing a mould; 143. a second slideway; 15. a push-out device; 151. a first mounting seat; 152. a toothed cylinder; 153. a rotating shaft; 154. a toothed belt; 155. a second mounting seat; 156. a slider; 157. a first slideway; 158. pushing out the rod; 16. placing a material box; 17. a feeding device; 2. an electric cabinet box.
Detailed Description
As shown in figures 1 to 7, the invention discloses a silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material prepared by a powder metallurgy method and a manufacturing process thereof.
A powder metallurgy method silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 85-75%, cadmium oxide (CdO): 15-23%, silver tungstate (Ag2WO 4): 0.5-2%, silver molybdate (Ag2MoO 4): 0.5-2%, magnesium oxide (MgO): 0.01-0.05%, beryllium oxide (BeO): 0.05 to 0.5 percent; after the silver powder and the cadmium oxide powder are mechanically mixed, adding the silver tungstate powder, the silver molybdate powder, the magnesium oxide powder and the beryllium oxide powder, then carrying out ball milling, calcining, granulating, pressing, sintering and repressing on the mixture to prepare the silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material, wherein the cadmium oxide powder is formed by high-temperature calcining and is used for improving the high-temperature decomposition resistance of the silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material, the silver tungstate powder and the silver molybdate powder are used for improving the adhesion resistance of the silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material, the magnesium oxide powder is used for dispersing electric arcs, and the beryllium oxide powder is used for improving the electric arc high-temperature erosion resistance of the silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material.
A manufacturing process of a silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material by a powder metallurgy method comprises the following steps:
example 1
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) the ingredient proportion is that silver (Ag): 80%, cadmium oxide (CdO): 18.49%, silver tungstate (Ag2WO 4): 0.8%, silver molybdate (Ag2MoO 4): 0.2%, magnesium oxide (MgO): 0.01%, beryllium oxide (BeO): 0.5 percent;
(2) calcining the cadmium oxide powder in air for 1 hour at the calcining temperature of 750 ℃; after the calcination is finished, ball-milling the cadmium oxide powder for 0.5 hour; mixing the silver powder and the mixture for 1 hour after the ball milling is finished;
(3) adding the silver tungstate powder, the silver molybdate powder, the magnesium oxide powder and the beryllium oxide powder into the powder mixed in the step (2), and then continuing ball milling for 10 hours; after the ball milling is finished, calcining the obtained powder in air for 1 hour at the calcining temperature of 700 ℃;
(4) and (3) granulation: granulating the powder in a granulator to obtain granules with the particle size of 100 meshes;
(5) pressing: pressing the powder particles into blanks, wherein the size specification is as follows: the length is 26mm, the width is 24mm, and the height is 7 mm;
(6) and (3) sintering: sintering in air for 4 hours at 850 ℃;
(7) repressing: and finishing the contact size, wherein the size specification is as follows: the length is 26mm, the width is 24mm, and the height is 6.6 mm;
(8) and (3) detection: and detecting the density, the hardness, the conductivity, the metallographic phase and the electrical property.
Example 2
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) the ingredient proportion is that silver (Ag): 85%, cadmium oxide (CdO): 13.49%, silver tungstate (Ag2WO 4): 0.6%, silver molybdate (Ag2MoO 4): 0.4%, magnesium oxide (MgO): 0.01%, beryllium oxide (BeO): 0.5 percent;
(2) calcining the cadmium oxide powder in air for 1 hour at the calcining temperature of 750 ℃; after the calcination is finished, ball-milling the cadmium oxide powder for 0.5 hour; mixing the silver powder and the mixture for 2 hours after the ball milling is finished;
(3) adding the silver tungstate powder, the silver molybdate powder, the magnesium oxide powder and the beryllium oxide powder into the powder mixed in the step (2), and then continuing ball milling for 10 hours; after the ball milling is finished, calcining the obtained powder in air for 1 hour at the calcining temperature of 700 ℃;
(4) and (3) granulation: granulating the powder in a granulator to obtain granules with the particle size of 100 meshes;
(5) pressing: pressing the powder particles into blanks, wherein the size specification is as follows: the length is 26mm, the width is 24mm, and the height is 7 mm;
(6) and (3) sintering: sintering in air for 4 hours at 850 ℃;
(7) repressing: and finishing the contact size, wherein the size specification is as follows: the length is 26mm, the width is 24mm, and the height is 6.8 mm;
(8) and (3) detection: and detecting the density, the hardness, the conductivity, the metallographic phase and the electrical property.
Example 3
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) the ingredient proportion is that silver (Ag): 75%, cadmium oxide (CdO): 22.5%, silver tungstate (Ag2WO 4): 1.45%, silver molybdate (Ag2MoO 4): 0.5%, magnesium oxide (MgO): 0.05%, beryllium oxide (BeO): 0.5 percent;
(2) firstly, calcining the cadmium oxide powder in air for 1 hour at the calcining temperature of 800 ℃; ball-milling the cadmium oxide powder for 1 hour after the calcination is finished; mixing the silver powder and the mixture for 2 hours after the ball milling is finished;
(3) adding the silver tungstate powder, the silver molybdate powder, the magnesium oxide powder and the beryllium oxide powder into the powder mixed in the step (2), and continuing ball milling for 12 hours after the addition is finished; after the ball milling is finished, calcining the obtained powder in air for 1 hour at the calcining temperature of 700 ℃;
(4) and (3) granulation: granulating the powder in a granulator to obtain granules with the particle size of 100 meshes;
(5) pressing: pressing the powder particles into blanks, wherein the size specification is as follows: the length is 17.5mm, the width is 12mm, and the height is 10 mm;
(6) and (3) sintering: sintering in air for 4 hours at 850 ℃;
(7) repressing: and finishing the contact size, wherein the size specification is as follows: the length is 17.5mm, the width is 12mm, and the height is 9.7 mm;
(8) and (3) detection: and detecting the density, the hardness, the conductivity, the metallographic phase and the electrical property.
Example 4
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) the ingredient proportion is that silver (Ag): 80%, cadmium oxide (CdO): 17.5%, silver tungstate (Ag2WO 4): 1.15%, silver molybdate (Ag2MoO 4): 0.8%, magnesium oxide (MgO): 0.05%, beryllium oxide (BeO): 0.5 percent;
(2) firstly, calcining the cadmium oxide powder in air for 1 hour at the calcining temperature of 800 ℃; ball-milling the cadmium oxide powder for 1 hour after the calcination is finished; mixing the silver powder and the mixture for 2 hours after the ball milling is finished;
(3) adding the silver tungstate powder, the silver molybdate powder, the magnesium oxide powder and the beryllium oxide powder into the powder mixed in the step (2), and continuing ball milling for 12 hours after the addition is finished; after the ball milling is finished, calcining the obtained powder in air for 1 hour at the calcining temperature of 700 ℃;
(4) and (3) granulation: granulating the powder in a granulator to obtain granules with the particle size of 100 meshes;
(5) pressing: pressing the powder particles into blanks, wherein the size specification is as follows: the length is 17.5mm, the width is 12mm, and the height is 10 mm;
(6) and (3) sintering: sintering in air for 4 hours at 850 ℃;
(7) repressing: and finishing the contact size, wherein the size specification is as follows: the length is 17.5mm, the width is 12mm, and the height is 9.7 mm;
(8) and (3) detection: and detecting the density, the hardness, the conductivity, the metallographic phase and the electrical property.
The technical effects are as follows:
the test standard refers to the technical conditions for the wire for the GB/T8633-2006 rivet type electrical contact; a JB/T8985-1999 electric contact material metallographic examination method; GB 10963-1 overcurrent protection circuit breaker for electric accessories household and similar places part 1 breaker for alternating current
As known from the table, the oxidized particle size of the silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material prepared by the preparation method is larger than that of the conventional oxidation process material under the condition that the oxidized particle size is 1000 times that of the silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material prepared by the preparation method, so that the oxidized particle size is larger, the oxidized particle size is suitable for being used in a large-current heavy-load occasion, the on-off test of an electrical appliance under the large-current heavy-load condition can be met, and under the condition of repeated connection, the bonding times of the material are all 0, and the electrical performance of the oxidized silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material under the large-current heavy-load condition is effectively improved.
The invention relates to a process for preparing a silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material by a powder metallurgy method, which comprises the specific preparation steps that in the step (5), a pressing machine is a novel automatic pressing machine and can realize high-efficiency pressing, and is characterized by comprising a machine body 1, wherein a lower pressing device 11 is arranged on an upper cover plate in the machine body 1, a first driving motor and a distance detection sensor are arranged in the lower pressing device 11, the first driving motor is used for driving a punch 111 on the lower pressing device to perform pressing motion, the first driving mechanism and the distance detection sensor are both connected with a controller 12, the controller 12 is arranged in the machine body 1, the controller 12 is powered by an electric cabinet box 2 arranged outside the machine body 1, an upper jacking device 13 is arranged on the lower cover plate of the machine body 1 opposite to the lower pressing device, a second driving motor and an obstacle detection sensor are arranged in the upper jacking device 13, the second driving motor and the obstacle detection sensor are connected with the controller 12, the top 131 of the top device 13 is driven by the second driving motor to eject upwards, the surface of the top device 13 is connected with a die mounting seat 14, a cavity 141 is arranged in the die mounting seat 14, a press-fitting die 142 is arranged in the cavity 141, the press-fitting die 142 is used for placing the particles prepared in the step (4), the particles are pressed downwards by the punch 111 to form a blank, the blank is ejected by the top movement of the top 131, the automatic opening and closing of the first driving motor and the second driving motor can be realized under the action of the controller 12, the top device 13 is internally provided with an obstacle detection sensor, when the material in the press-fitting die 142 is detected to reach an induction value, the obstacle detection sensor transmits the obtained signal to the controller 12, the controller 12 controls the top device 13 to operate after analysis, and the distance detection sensor in the top device 13 is started during operation, the initial height is detected, the placing height of the punch 111 and the material in the press-fitting die 142 is measured, the punch 111 cannot be started when the distance is smaller than a set value, unsafe factors caused by interference of other objects or manual operation between the punch 111 and the press-fitting die 142 are avoided, if the unsafe factors are set, the controller 12 controls the punch 111 to be pressed downwards, blank pressing is achieved, after the jacking device 13 senses impact, a barrier detection sensor feeds back signals to the controller 12, and therefore jacking of the jacking head 131 is controlled, and automatic demolding of the blank is achieved.
The pushing-out device 15 is arranged in the machine body 1, the pushing-out device 15 is fixed in the first mounting seat 151, the first mounting seat 151 is fixed on the inner wall of the pressing machine, the pushing-out device 15 comprises a third driving motor, the third driving motor is connected to the controller 12, a toothed cylinder 152 is sleeved at the rotating shaft end of the third driving mechanism, the toothed cylinder 152 is used for driving a toothed belt 154 meshed on two rotating shafts 153, the rotating shafts 153 are connected in second mounting seats 155 at two ends of the pushing-out device 15 through shafts, the toothed belt 154 rotates circularly under the driving of the rotating shafts 153, a side gear of the toothed belt 154 is connected with a sliding block 156, the sliding block 156 is clamped in a first slideway 157 of the pushing-out device, so that the sliding block 156 moves back and forth on one side of the toothed belt 154 under the driving of the toothed belt 154, the sliding block 156 is connected to one end of a pushing-out rod 158, the other end of the pushing-out rod 158 is connected with a material discharging box 16, the material discharging box 16 is clamped in a second slideway 143 of the die mounting seat 14 through a limiting block, a stress sensor is arranged in the limiting block, the stress sensor is connected to the controller 12, the discharging box 16 is driven by the sliding block 156 to slide back and forth in the second slideway 143, so that the blank is pushed out of the machine body 1, after demoulding is finished, the blank is pushed to the same horizontal height as the die mounting seat 14, the obstacle detecting sensor transmits a push-out signal to the controller 12, the controller 12 controls the third driving motor of the pushing device 15 to operate after data analysis, so that the toothed belt 154 rotates around the rotating shaft 153 under the drive of the toothed cylinder 152 and drives the sliding block 156 to move forward in the first sliding direction, the pushing rod 158 drives the discharging box 16 to push forward under the action of the second slideway 143, so that the blank is pushed into the placed discharging basket, the limiting block is arranged at the bottom of the discharging box 16 and can limit the pushing distance of the discharging box 16, and the discharging box 16 is forced back by the limiting block when being pushed out, the generated force feeds back the stress signal to the controller 12 through a stress sensor arranged in the limiting block, so that the third driving motor is controlled to rotate reversely, and the material discharging box 16 is pushed back.
The top end of the material placing box 16 is provided with a feeding hole, the bottom end of the material placing box 16 is provided with a plurality of discharging holes, the feeding hole is connected with a pipeline, the other end of the pipeline is connected with the discharging holes of the feeding device 17, the feeding device 17 is a top plate embedded in a pressing machine, the particles prepared in the step (4) are poured into the feeding device 17 and fall into the material placing box 16 through the pipeline, the material placing box 16 is pushed to the press-fitting die 142 under the driving of the slider 156, the particles in the material placing box 16 fall into the press-fitting die 142 through the discharging holes, so that automatic feeding is realized, the feeding hole at the top end of the material placing box 16 is connected with the feeding device 17 through the pipeline, automatic feeding can be realized as soon as the material in the material placing box 16 is reduced, the plurality of discharging holes are formed at the bottom end of the material placing box, and the blank can be automatically fed into the press-fitting die 142 after the material pushing box pushes out, so that automatic feeding is realized.
The implementation principle of the novel automatic pressing machine in the embodiment is as follows: the material to be pressed is poured into the feeding device 17, the material can fall into the discharging box 16 from the feeding hole of the discharging box 16 along a pipeline, when the obstacle detection sensor in the upper jacking device 13 detects that no material exists in the press-fitting mold 142, the information can be fed back to the controller 12, the controller 12 controls the operation of a third driving motor in the pushing device 15, so that the discharging box 16 is pushed forward under the driving of the sliding block 156, in the pushing process, the material can fall into the press-fitting mold 142 from a plurality of discharging holes in the bottom end of the discharging box 16, and automatic feeding is realized, the pushing distance of the discharging box 16 can be limited by the arrangement of the limiting block, the discharging box 16 can be subjected to a backward force under the action of the limiting block when being pushed out, the generated force feeds back a stress signal to the controller 12 through a stress sensor arranged in the limiting block, so that the third driving motor is controlled to rotate reversely, and the discharging box 16 is pushed back, when an obstacle detection sensor in the upper jacking device 13 detects that the material in the press-fitting die 142 reaches an induction value, a signal is transmitted to the controller 12, the controller 12 controls a distance sensor of the punching device 11 to start, detects the distance from the jacking head 131 to the press-fitting die 142, if the distance does not reach the induction value, the signal is fed back to the controller 12, the controller 12 controls the pushing device 15 to push out again, after the distance sensor detects a distance value in a specified range, the first driving motor is driven to operate under the control of the controller 12, so that blanks are manufactured through automatic punching, if the distance value exceeds or is lower than the distance value, the punch 111 is not controlled to punch, so that the blank quality is not over, or the machine is damaged, or people are prevented from being injured when the upper jacking device 13 is punched, the obstacle detection sensor feeds back a signal to the controller 12, the ejector 131 is controlled to eject, so that automatic demolding of the blank is realized, after demolding is completed, the blank can be ejected to the same horizontal height as the die mounting seat 14, the obstacle detection sensor transmits an ejection signal to the controller 12, the controller 12 controls the ejection device 15, the material discharge box 16 is ejected, the blank is ejected to the material placing frame, and therefore automatic and efficient blank pressing is realized.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and modifications thereof may be made, and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A manufacturing process of a silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material by a powder metallurgy method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) the ingredient proportion is that silver (Ag): 85%, cadmium oxide (CdO): 13.49%, silver tungstate (Ag2WO 4): 0.5%, silver molybdate (Ag2MoO 4): 0.5%, magnesium oxide (MgO): 0.01%, beryllium oxide (BeO): 0.5 percent; (2) calcining the cadmium oxide powder in air for 1 hour at the calcining temperature of 750 ℃; after the calcination is finished, ball-milling the cadmium oxide powder for 0.5 hour; mixing the silver powder and the mixture for 1 hour after the ball milling is finished; (3) adding the silver tungstate powder, the silver molybdate powder, the magnesium oxide powder and the beryllium oxide powder into the powder mixed in the step (2), and continuing ball milling for 12 hours after the addition is finished; after the ball milling is finished, calcining the obtained powder in air for 1 hour at the calcining temperature of 700 ℃; (4) and (3) granulation: granulating the powder in a granulator to obtain granules with the particle size of 100 meshes; (5) pressing: pressing the powder particles into blanks by a pressing machine, wherein the size specification is as follows: the length is 50mm, the width is 25mm, and the height is 5 mm; (6) and (3) sintering: sintering in air for 4 hours at 850 ℃; (7) repressing: and finishing the contact size, wherein the size specification is as follows: the length is 50mm, the width is 25mm, and the height is 4.7 mm; (8) and (3) detection: detecting the density, hardness, conductivity, metallographic phase and electrical property; the pressing machine in the step (5) is an automatic pressing machine and comprises a machine body (1), a lower pressing device (11) is installed on an upper cover plate in the machine body (1), a first driving motor and a distance detection sensor are arranged in the lower pressing device (11), the first driving motor is used for driving a punch (111) on the lower pressing device (11) to perform pressing movement, the first driving motor and the distance detection sensor are both connected with a controller (12), the controller (12) is installed in the machine body (1), the controller (12) is powered by an electric cabinet box (2) installed outside the machine body (1), an upper jacking device (13) is installed on the lower cover plate of the machine body (1) relative to the lower pressing device (11), and a second driving motor and an obstacle detection sensor are arranged in the upper jacking device (13), the second driving motor and the obstacle detection sensor are connected with the controller (12), a jacking head (131) on the jacking device (13) is driven by the second driving motor to be jacked upwards, a die mounting seat (14) is connected to the surface of the jacking device (13), a cavity (141) is formed in the die mounting seat (14), a press-fitting die (142) is mounted in the cavity (141), and the press-fitting die (142) is used for placing the particles prepared in the step (4) and is pressed into a blank under the downward pressing movement of the punch (111) and then jacked out under the upward jacking movement of the jacking head (131); the pushing device (15) is arranged in the machine body (1), the pushing device (15) is fixed in a first mounting seat (151), the first mounting seat (151) is fixed on the inner wall of the pressing machine, the pushing device (15) comprises a third driving motor, the third driving motor is connected to a controller (12), a rotating shaft end of the third driving motor is sleeved with a toothed cylinder (152), the toothed cylinder (152) is used for driving toothed belts (154) meshed with two rotating shafts (153), the rotating shafts (153) are connected in second mounting seats (155) at two ends of the pushing device (15) in a shaft connecting mode, the toothed belts (154) rotate in an annular mode under the driving of the rotating shafts (153), one side of each toothed belt (154) is connected with a sliding block (156), and each sliding block (156) is clamped in a first sliding way (157) of the pushing device, the slider (156) is driven by the toothed belt (154) to move back and forth on one side of the toothed belt (154), the slider (156) is connected to one end of an ejection rod (158), the other end of the ejection rod (158) is connected with a material placing box (16), the material placing box (16) is clamped in a second slide way (143) of the die mounting seat (14) through a limiting block, a stress sensor is arranged in the limiting block and connected to the controller (12), and the material placing box (16) slides back and forth in the second slide way (143) under the drive of the slider (156), so that a blank is ejected out of the machine body (1); the top of putting magazine (16) is opened there is the feed inlet, open the bottom of putting magazine (16) has a plurality of discharge gates, the feed inlet is connected with the pipeline, the other end of pipeline is connected in the discharge gate of feed arrangement (17), feed arrangement (17) be embedded in the roof of briquetting machine pours the granule that makes in above-mentioned step (4) into in feed arrangement (17), via the pipeline falls into in putting magazine (16), put magazine (16) be in the drive of slider (156) is pushed down to on pressure equipment mould (142), the granule in putting magazine (16) passes through the discharge gate falls into in pressure equipment mould (142) to realize automatic material conveying.
2. A powder metallurgy method silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material, which adopts the manufacturing process as claimed in claim 1, and is characterized in that the mass fraction of each component is silver (Ag): 85-75%, cadmium oxide (CdO): 15-23%, silver tungstate (Ag2WO 4): 0.5-2%, silver molybdate (Ag2MoO 4): 0.5-2%, magnesium oxide (MgO): 0.01-0.05%, beryllium oxide (BeO): 0.05 to 0.5 percent; after the silver powder and the cadmium oxide powder are mechanically mixed, the silver tungstate powder, the silver molybdate powder, the magnesium oxide powder and the beryllium oxide powder are added, and then ball milling, calcining, granulating, pressing, sintering and repressing are carried out, so that the silver cadmium oxide electrical contact is prepared.
3. The powder metallurgy silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material of claim 2, wherein the cadmium oxide powder is formed by high temperature calcination and is used for improving the high temperature decomposition resistance of the silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material.
4. A powder metallurgy silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material according to claim 3, wherein said silver tungstate powder and said silver molybdate powder are used to improve the adhesion resistance of said silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material.
5. A powder metallurgy silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material according to claim 4 wherein said magnesium oxide powder is used to disperse electric arcs.
6. The powder metallurgy silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material according to claim 5, wherein the beryllium oxide powder is used for improving the arc high-temperature erosion resistance of the silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material.
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