CN112830808A - Method for preparing porous ceramic water permeable brick by using river bottom sludge and industrial waste salt - Google Patents
Method for preparing porous ceramic water permeable brick by using river bottom sludge and industrial waste salt Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/0022—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof obtained by a chemical conversion or reaction other than those relating to the setting or hardening of cement-like material or to the formation of a sol or a gel, e.g. by carbonising or pyrolysing preformed cellular materials based on polymers, organo-metallic or organo-silicon precursors
- C04B38/0025—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof obtained by a chemical conversion or reaction other than those relating to the setting or hardening of cement-like material or to the formation of a sol or a gel, e.g. by carbonising or pyrolysing preformed cellular materials based on polymers, organo-metallic or organo-silicon precursors starting from inorganic materials only, e.g. metal foam; Lanxide type products
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
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- C04B33/131—Inorganic additives
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1321—Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/04—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by dissolving-out added substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
- C04B2235/443—Nitrates or nitrites
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a porous ceramic water permeable brick by using river bottom sludge and industrial waste salt. The method comprises the steps of utilizing urban river bottom sludge as a main raw material, utilizing a foaming pore-forming agent as a primary pore-forming agent, utilizing industrial waste salt with sodium chloride as a main component as a secondary pore-forming agent, directly forming a closed-cell foam structure with high porosity and fine and uniform pores in the material in a sintering process by adopting a foaming method, and then removing the sodium chloride in a washing manner, so that the original closed-cell foam structure forms an internal communication state due to the loss of the sodium chloride, and finally obtaining the porous ceramic water permeable brick. On one hand, the urban river bottom sludge and the industrial waste salt are harmlessly treated by a high-temperature means and are recycled, and on the other hand, the problem of closed pores formed in the preparation process of the porous water permeable brick is solved by secondary pore forming. The preparation process has the advantages of simple operation process, low cost and good water permeability of the product, is suitable for industrial large-scale production, and has obvious economic benefit and environmental protection benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste recycling, relates to a method for harmlessly treating and recycling solid waste, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a porous ceramic water permeable brick by using river bottom sludge and industrial waste salt.
Background
In recent years, along with the development of urban construction, the proportion of the waterproof pavement is continuously increased, and in addition, the capacity of a drainage system is insufficient, so that urban waterlogging becomes a big problem in many urban flood seasons. Aiming at the problem, the country carries out sponge city construction and aims at solving the problem of urban water. The porous water permeable brick is used as an environmental material for paving roads and squares, can enable part of rainfall to permeate into the ground and reduce surface runoff, and therefore can better solve the problems. The porous water permeable brick used for effectively improving the urban ecological environment is a novel building material in the field of green buildings, a large number of communicated pores are required in the porous water permeable brick, and the porous water permeable brick has good air permeability and water permeability.
In addition, the rapid development of economy and the rapid development of urbanization in China, along with the rapid increase of urban population, the discharge of various domestic garbage and pollutants causes serious urban river pollution, and along with the accumulation of time, a large amount of urban river bottom sludge which is difficult to treat is generated, so that the urban river bottom sludge becomes a great important problem in the process of urbanization. Urban river bottom sludge belongs to solid waste, contains a large amount of pathogens, microorganisms and the like, can cause various diseases if not properly treated, causes adverse effects on the environment, and has long-term serious threats to the ecological environment and human health. Therefore, how to scientifically treat river bottom sludge with high yield and complex components and realize harmless treatment and resource utilization of the river bottom sludge is one of the focus problems of development and attention of cities in China and even the world.
Meanwhile, in the chemical industry, a large amount of waste salt residues (the main component is sodium chloride) are generated in the production process of many enterprises, and the waste salt residues can be roughly divided into single waste salt, mixed salt and waste salt containing organic matters. The single waste salt refers to a salt containing one of sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfide and the like; the mixed salt is a salt containing the above-mentioned components, and contains a large amount of organic substances entrained in the waste salt containing organic substances, and has a strong pungent odor and belongs to a harmful substance. Especially in the field of fine chemistry. For example, 1t of Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD) is produced with 2t of waste sodium chloride salt. In the past, the industrial waste sodium chloride is accumulated everywhere as solid waste, or is treated slightly, such as being dissolved by water and then diluted and directly discharged, so that the treatment causes serious damage to underground water resources and ecosystems. In addition, since this part of the waste salt contains some inorganic or organic impurities, it cannot be used directly as industrial raw salt, and even in the food or pharmaceutical industry, and most of the solutions used in the factory today are to pack it in landfills. This treatment results on the one hand in a reduced utilization of the land and on the other hand the loss of salt and its impurities can salinize the soil and pollute the surrounding environment. Therefore, the part of the waste salt slag is one of the problems facing the chemical enterprises and needing to be solved urgently. The latest edition of the national hazardous waste book is formally implemented, and a series of technical and system documents for identifying and evaluating environmental damage are also put out in succession, which shows that the management of hazardous wastes in China is stricter. Therefore, chemical enterprises must enhance the resource utilization and harmless disposal of waste salt and residue, and prepare for the treatment.
As one of the porous water permeable bricks, the ceramic water permeable brick is essentially a type of porous foamed ceramics with interconnected (open or through) internal pores, and the preparation method thereof is generally divided into two types. One is a template method: for example, the patent with application number CN202010483652.0 discloses a method for preparing piezoelectric ceramic foam filter for sewage treatment, which comprises adhering ceramic slurry to a polyurethane sponge as a template, and sintering to form. The other method is a template-free method: for example, in patent "hierarchical porous ceramic sponge material with low thermal conductivity nanofiber framework and preparation method" of CN202010495519.7, a method is mentioned, in which silica sol, water-soluble carbon black, and simple substance silicon are used as raw materials to prepare uniformly dispersed mixed slurry, and the mixed slurry is subjected to vacuum degassing, freeze injection molding, freeze drying to prepare a porous blank with a through-hole structure, and then sintered for molding.
The preparation method of the two types of porous foamed ceramics is that a structure with communicated internal pores exists in the materials before sintering. If the polyurethane sponge template in the template method is a high polymer foam material with communicated internal pores, a porous blank with a through-hole structure is directly formed by utilizing various means (such as vacuum degassing, freeze injection molding, freeze drying and the like) in the template-free method. The structure with the internal pores communicated before sintering is easy to collapse in the sintering process and easy to block due to the liquid phase transformed by the melting of the solid particles with low melting points in the sintering process, thereby having serious influence on the water permeability of the ceramic water permeable brick made of the porous foamed ceramics. Therefore, it is naturally thought whether pores can be directly formed in the material during the sintering process, for example, the low melting point porous foamed stone prepared by using waste glass and waste residue of polished tiles as raw materials mentioned in the patent with application number CN201810357696.1, "a low melting point porous foamed stone and its preparation method" can be formed directly in the material during the sintering process, and is characterized by high porosity and fine and uniform pores. However, since the pores are formed by a foaming method (the original solid particles are sintered and melted to form a full liquid phase with a certain viscosity, at this time, the foaming agent is decomposed to generate gas to generate bubbles in the liquid phase, and the bubbles are not communicated with each other due to the existence of the viscosity of the liquid phase to form closed pores), most of the pores are closed pores, and cannot be communicated with each other, so that the pores cannot be used as the ceramic water permeable bricks.
The urban river bottom sludge is also a big problem in urban treatment, the existing river bottom sludge is large in amount and fine in granularity, is one of brick making materials, and the industrial waste salt is high in solubility, so that the river bottom sludge and the industrial waste salt can be comprehensively utilized, the problem of treatment of urban waste and factory waste is greatly solved, waste is changed into wealth, and the purpose of resource recycling is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a method for harmlessly treating urban river bottom sludge and industrial waste salt (hazardous waste) at high temperature and simultaneously recycling the urban river bottom sludge and the industrial waste salt (hazardous waste) to prepare the porous ceramic water permeable brick aiming at the problems of harmlessness treatment and recycling of the urban river bottom sludge and the industrial waste salt and preparation of the porous ceramic water permeable brick. The invention has the characteristics of low cost, no need of expensive equipment, simple process, high-efficiency synthesis and easy industrial production, and the porous ceramic water permeable brick prepared by the method has excellent comprehensive performance: the product has high strength, low volume density, good permeability, high specific surface area and low thermal conductivity, and can avoid the influence of collapse or liquid phase blockage on the water permeability of the communicating pores existing in the traditional ceramic water permeable brick before sintering in the sintering process.
The technical scheme of the invention can be realized by the following technical measures:
a method for preparing a porous ceramic water permeable brick by using river bottom sludge and industrial waste salt comprises the following steps:
adding 10-80% of industrial waste salt powder with sodium chloride as a main component, 10-90% of river bottom sludge powder, 2-25% of low-temperature frit powder and 5-20% of foaming pore-forming agent into a ball milling tank according to mass fraction, and carrying out ball milling and mixing for 30-120 minutes to obtain a batch mixture;
adding the batch into a high-temperature refractory mold coated with a mold release agent, then transferring the high-temperature refractory mold into a muffle furnace, firing and molding at 850-1150 ℃, and obtaining a block-shaped brick body after demolding;
and (3) soaking the demolded block-shaped brick body in flowing water to dissolve sodium chloride in the brick body and form an internal communicating pore, so as to obtain the porous ceramic water permeable brick.
Preferably, the firing forming process parameters in the step (2) are as follows: heating from room temperature to 350-425 ℃ at the heating rate of 5-15 ℃/min and preserving heat for 10-30 min; then raising the temperature from 350-425 ℃ to 850-1150 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 2-20 ℃/min and preserving the temperature for 30-120 min; then cooling the mixture to 500-600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 10-15 ℃/min and preserving the heat for 10-60 min; finally, cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 5-25 ℃/min.
Preferably, the particle size of the industrial waste salt powder is 50-100um, and the industrial waste salt powder is obtained by crushing, grinding and screening industrial waste salt.
Preferably, the river bottom sludge powder has the particle size of 20-50um and is obtained by drying, impurity removing, crushing, grinding and screening river bottom sludge, and the river bottom sludge is selected from patricia river (Hubei Wuhan) river bottom sludge.
Preferably, the low-temperature frit is an oxide mixture with a fluxing function, has a low-temperature eutectic characteristic, is a common material for ceramic firing and is purchased from, for example, CL-B18 white glass glaze powder sold by Zelon glaze works in Gao Bin city.
Preferably, the low temperature frit powder has a particle size of 20-50 um.
Preferably, the high-temperature refractory mold is a heat-resistant steel mold with the refractoriness of more than 1150 ℃.
Preferably, the release agent of the inner wall of the high-temperature refractory mold is ZrO2A polyvinyl alcohol and water mixture.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the release agent is as follows: ZrO (ZrO)2: water: polyvinyl alcohol 35:62: 3.
Preferably, the ZrO2Has a particle size of 50-250 um.
Preferably, when the foaming pore-forming agent is industrial calcium carbonate powder, the particle size of the industrial calcium carbonate powder is 10-30 um.
Preferably, the foaming pore-forming agent is any one or a mixture of several of industrial calcium carbonate powder, sodium carbonate, lithium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, beryllium carbonate, strontium carbonate, rubidium carbonate, cesium carbonate, barium carbonate, sodium sulfate, lithium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, beryllium sulfate, strontium sulfate, rubidium sulfate, cesium sulfate, barium sulfate, sodium nitrate, lithium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, potassium nitrate, beryllium nitrate, strontium nitrate, rubidium nitrate, cesium nitrate, barium nitrate, calcium sulfate and calcium nitrate.
The invention also discloses a porous ceramic water permeable brick which is characterized by being prepared by any one of the methods.
In the step (3), the sodium chloride dissolved in the flowing water can be concentrated and crystallized to be sold as industrial salt, and can also be continuously used as a raw material of the porous ceramic water permeable brick, so that the resource recycling is realized.
The invention also provides a porous ceramic water permeable brick prepared by the method.
The invention uses urban river bottom sludge as a main raw material for preparing the porous ceramic water permeable brick, uses a common foaming pore-forming agent as a primary pore-forming agent, uses industrial waste salt sodium chloride as a secondary pore-forming agent, firstly adopts a foaming method to directly form a closed pore foam structure with high porosity and fine and uniform pores in the material in the sintering process (the melting point of the industrial waste salt sodium chloride is 800 ℃, and the closed pore foam structure can be melted in the foam ceramic to form a part of the foam structure during sintering), completes primary pore-forming, and then removes the sodium chloride in a water washing mode, so that the original closed pore foam structure forms an internal communicated state due to the loss of substances (sodium chloride), finally obtains the internal pore communicated structure required by the porous ceramic water permeable brick, completes secondary pore-forming (changes closed pores into through pores), and obtains the porous structure with the real water permeable function.
During the firing process, when the main component of the industrial waste salt is sodium chloride which is melted into a part of a foam structure, other components in the industrial waste salt, such as nitrate, are decomposed when being sintered at high temperature, and the function of foaming and pore-forming is achieved.
The invention aims to prepare the porous ceramic water permeable brick by a method for preparing foamed ceramic by a common foaming method with simple process and low cost. On one hand, urban river bottom sludge and industrial waste salt are harmlessly treated by a high-temperature means and are recycled, on the other hand, the problem that internal pores are communicated and blocked (or closed pores are directly formed) in the preparation process of the porous ceramic water permeable brick is solved by sintering post-treatment (washing to remove sodium chloride), and the prepared porous ceramic water permeable brick has high porosity, fine and uniform pores and the internal pores are communicated with each other.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) meanwhile, the urban river bottom sludge which damages the ecological environment, pollutes underground water quality and occupies a large amount of land resources and harmful waste salt slag in the chemical industry are subjected to harmless treatment and resource utilization, 90% of raw materials are all from industrial waste residues, waste materials are changed into valuable materials, no pollution is caused to the environment in the production and use processes, and the method is an effective method for resource utilization of chemical solid wastes and the urban river bottom sludge and solving the environmental pollution of the chemical solid wastes and the urban river bottom sludge.
(2) The porous ceramic water permeable brick achieves the purpose of sintering and forming a brick body while performing high-temperature harmless treatment on river bottom sludge and industrial waste salt (hazardous waste) in a sintering process, and the obtained closed-cell foam structure can obtain an internal pore communicating structure required by the porous ceramic water permeable brick through later-stage simple treatment (soaking to dissolve sodium chloride in the brick body). In addition, the sodium chloride dissolved in the water can be sold as industrial salt after being concentrated and crystallized, and can also be continuously used as the raw material of the porous ceramic water permeable brick, so that the recycling of the raw material is realized.
(3) The method has the advantages of simple process, low cost and good economic benefit, and can harmlessly treat river bottom sludge and industrial waste salt (hazardous waste) and prepare the porous ceramic water permeable brick at lower cost, the porosity of the brick is high, the pores are fine and uniform, and the internal pores are mutually communicated, so that the problem that the water permeability of the traditional ceramic water permeable brick is influenced by collapse or liquid phase blockage of the communicated pores in the traditional ceramic water permeable brick before sintering in the sintering process is solved.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by means of the attached drawings, the examples of which are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation method of porous ceramic water permeable brick by using river bottom sludge and industrial waste salt;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a heat treatment system for preparing porous ceramic water permeable bricks by using river bottom sludge and industrial waste salt according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, specific embodiments thereof will be described further below.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and the present invention is described by taking river bottom sludge of the patrol river (martian, Hubei) and industrial waste salt (hazardous waste) of chemical plants as examples, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the specific raw material production area, and the former may be river bottom sludge powder as a component, and the latter may be industrial waste salt powder as a component.
The invention provides a method for preparing a porous ceramic water permeable brick by using river bottom sludge and industrial waste salt. River bottom sludge which destroys the ecological environment and pollutes underground water quality and occupies a large amount of land resources and industrial waste salt of a chemical plant are respectively subjected to impurity removal, drying, crushing, grinding and screening to obtain two corresponding powders, and then a small amount of calcium carbonate powder (or substances such as calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate and the like) and low-temperature frit powder are added into the two powders according to different mass fractions. The low-temperature frit powder plays a role in fluxing, namely, reducing the sintering temperature in the sintering process; calcium carbonate powder (or calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate and other substances) is easy to foam under high-temperature calcination and can play a role of a foaming agent. And adding the mixed powder into a ball milling tank, and carrying out ball milling and mixing for 30-120 minutes to obtain a batch. The batch was placed in a detachable heat-resistant mold whose inner wall was coated with a mold release agent, and then the heat-resistant mold was moved into a muffle furnace and fired according to the heat treatment schedule shown in fig. 2.
The following examples were carried out according to the above procedure, with the reagents in the examples being shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 list of reagents
Example 1
(1) Preparing materials: crushing industrial waste salt slag by a jaw crusher, sending the crushed industrial waste salt slag into a Raymond mill for grinding to obtain slag powder of 50-100 mu m, and sending the slag powder to a special ash storage tank for later use; the silt at the bottom of the patrol river is cleaned, decontaminated, dried, crushed, ground and screened to obtain 20-50um powder, and the powder is also sent to a special ash storage tank for later use.
(2) Preparing a batch: the weight percentage of the raw materials is as follows: 65% of industrial waste salt residue powder and 10% of patricia river bottom sludge powder; 22% of low-temperature frit powder and 3% of industrial calcium nitrate powder, and then sending the prepared materials into a ball mill to mix for 120 minutes to obtain a batch.
(3) And (3) sintering: placing the second batch in a detachable refractory mold with the inner wall coated with a release agent, and then transferring the refractory mold into a muffle furnace to be fired according to the following process: heating from room temperature to 425 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min and keeping the temperature for 30 min; then heating from 425 ℃ to 1150 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min and preserving heat for 30 min; then cooling the mixture to 600 ℃ at a cooling rate of 15 ℃/min and preserving the heat for 20 min; finally, the temperature is reduced to the room temperature at the cooling rate of 20 ℃/min.
(4) Soaking in running water: and cutting the demolded block-shaped brick body into required size and dimension according to requirements, and soaking the brick body in flowing water to dissolve sodium chloride in the brick body.
(5) And (3) recycling raw materials: the sodium chloride dissolved in the flowing water is concentrated and crystallized and then sold as industrial salt.
Example 2
(1) Preparing materials: crushing industrial waste salt slag by a jaw crusher, sending the crushed industrial waste salt slag into a Raymond mill for grinding to obtain slag powder of 50-100 mu m, and sending the slag powder to a special ash storage tank for later use; the silt at the bottom of the patrol river is cleaned, decontaminated, dried, crushed, ground and screened to obtain 20-50um powder, and the powder is also sent to a special ash storage tank for later use.
(2) Preparing a batch: the weight percentage of the raw materials is as follows: 45% of industrial waste salt residue powder and 30% of patrix river bottom sludge powder; 15% of low-temperature frit powder and 10% of industrial calcium sulfate powder, and then sending the prepared materials into a ball mill to mix for 60 minutes to obtain a batch.
(3) And (3) sintering: placing the batch in a detachable refractory mould with the inner wall coated with a release agent, and then transferring the refractory mould into a muffle furnace to be fired according to the following process: heating from room temperature to 380 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min and keeping the temperature for 30 min; then heating from 380 ℃ to 1050 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min and preserving the heat for 30 min; then cooling the mixture to 550 ℃ at a cooling rate of 15 ℃/min and preserving the heat for 20 min; finally, the temperature is reduced to the room temperature at the cooling rate of 20 ℃/min.
(4) Soaking in running water: and cutting the demolded block-shaped brick body into required size and dimension according to requirements, and soaking the brick body in flowing water to dissolve sodium chloride in the brick body.
(5) And (3) recycling raw materials: the sodium chloride dissolved in the flowing water is concentrated and crystallized to be continuously used as the raw material of the porous ceramic water permeable brick.
Example 3
(1) Preparing materials: crushing industrial waste salt slag by a jaw crusher, sending the crushed industrial waste salt slag into a Raymond mill for grinding to obtain slag powder of 50-100 mu m, and sending the slag powder to a special ash storage tank for later use; the silt at the bottom of the patrol river is cleaned, decontaminated, dried, crushed, ground and screened to obtain 20-50um powder, and the powder is also sent to a special ash storage tank for later use.
(2) Preparing a batch: the weight percentage of the raw materials is as follows: 55% of industrial waste salt residue powder and 20% of patrix river bottom sludge powder; 20% of low-temperature frit powder and 5% of industrial calcium carbonate powder, and then sending the prepared materials into a ball mill to mix for 30 minutes to obtain a batch.
(3) And (3) sintering: placing the batch in a detachable refractory mould with the inner wall coated with a release agent, and then transferring the refractory mould into a muffle furnace to be fired according to the following process: heating from room temperature to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min and keeping the temperature for 30 min; then heating from 400 ℃ to 1100 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min and preserving the heat for 30 min; then cooling the mixture to 580 ℃ at a cooling rate of 15 ℃/min and preserving the heat for 20 min; finally, the temperature is reduced to the room temperature at the cooling rate of 20 ℃/min.
(4) Soaking in running water: and cutting the demolded block-shaped brick body into required size and dimension according to requirements, and soaking the brick body in flowing water to dissolve sodium chloride in the brick body.
(5) And (3) recycling raw materials: the sodium chloride dissolved in the flowing water is concentrated and crystallized and then sold as industrial salt.
The preparation process of the porous ceramic water permeable brick of all the embodiments of the invention is shown in figure 1. The industrial waste salt slag and the bottom sludge of the patrolling river are respectively crushed, dried, ground and screened to obtain two corresponding powders, and then a cosolvent and a foaming agent are added to be thermally treated in a muffle furnace at a certain temperature to obtain a final product. The whole preparation process has simple operation process and low cost, is suitable for industrial large-scale continuous production, and has obvious economic benefit and environmental protection benefit.
The heat treatment system of the porous ceramic water permeable brick prepared in example 1 of the present invention is shown in fig. 2. The heat treatment schedules of the other inventive examples are similar, with only corresponding changes in the parameter values.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention and are equivalent to the replacement of the above embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for preparing the porous ceramic water permeable brick by using the river bottom sludge and the industrial waste salt is characterized by comprising the following steps
Adding 10-80% of industrial waste salt powder with sodium chloride as a main component, 10-90% of river bottom sludge powder, 2-25% of low-temperature frit powder and 5-20% of foaming pore-forming agent into a ball milling tank according to mass fraction, and carrying out ball milling and mixing for 30-120 minutes to obtain a batch mixture;
adding the batch into a high-temperature resistant mold coated with a mold release agent, then transferring the high-temperature resistant mold into a muffle furnace, firing and molding at 850-1150 ℃, and obtaining a block-shaped brick body after demolding;
and (3) soaking the demolded block-shaped brick body in flowing water to dissolve sodium chloride in the brick body and form an internal communicating pore, so as to obtain the porous ceramic water permeable brick.
2. The method for preparing the porous ceramic water permeable brick by using the river bottom sludge and the industrial waste salt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the technological parameters of the firing molding in the step (2) are as follows: heating from room temperature to 350-425 ℃ at the heating rate of 5-15 ℃/min and preserving heat for 10-30 min; then raising the temperature from 350-425 ℃ to 850-1150 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 2-20 ℃/min and preserving the temperature for 30-120 min; then cooling the mixture to 500-600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 10-15 ℃/min and preserving the heat for 10-60 min; finally, cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 5-25 ℃/min.
3. The method for preparing the porous ceramic water permeable brick by using the river bottom sludge and the industrial waste salt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the granularity of the industrial waste salt powder is 50-100um, and the industrial waste salt powder is obtained by crushing, grinding and screening the industrial waste salt.
4. The method for preparing the porous ceramic water permeable brick by using the river bottom sludge and the industrial waste salt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the river bottom sludge powder has the granularity of 20-50um and is obtained by drying, impurity removing, crushing, grinding and screening river bottom sludge.
5. The method for preparing porous ceramic water-permeable brick by using river bottom sludge and industrial waste salt according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the low-temperature frit powder is 20-50 um.
6. The method for preparing the porous ceramic water permeable brick by using the river bottom sludge and the industrial waste salt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the high-temperature refractory mold is a heat-resistant steel mold with the refractoriness higher than 1150 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the porous ceramic water permeable brick by using the river bottom sludge and the industrial waste salt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the release agent on the inner wall of the high-temperature refractory mold is ZrO2Polyvinyl alcohol and water mixture, wherein ZrO2Particle diameter ofIs 50-250 um.
8. The method for preparing the porous ceramic water permeable brick by using the river bottom sludge and the industrial waste salt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the foaming pore-forming agent is a powder pore-forming agent, and the granularity is 10-30 um.
9. The method for preparing the porous ceramic water permeable brick by using the river bottom sludge and the industrial waste salt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the foaming pore-forming agent is any one or a mixture of more of industrial calcium carbonate powder, sodium carbonate, lithium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, beryllium carbonate, strontium carbonate, rubidium carbonate, cesium carbonate, barium carbonate, sodium sulfate, lithium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, beryllium sulfate, strontium sulfate, rubidium sulfate, cesium sulfate, barium sulfate, sodium nitrate, lithium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, potassium nitrate, beryllium nitrate, strontium nitrate, rubidium nitrate, cesium nitrate, barium nitrate, calcium sulfate and calcium nitrate.
10. A porous ceramic water permeable brick prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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