CN112828683B - Multi-factor coupling control processing method - Google Patents

Multi-factor coupling control processing method Download PDF

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CN112828683B
CN112828683B CN202010747525.7A CN202010747525A CN112828683B CN 112828683 B CN112828683 B CN 112828683B CN 202010747525 A CN202010747525 A CN 202010747525A CN 112828683 B CN112828683 B CN 112828683B
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processing
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die
morphology
detection device
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CN112828683A (en
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吴石
潘高杰
郑文举
李丰丰
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
    • B23Q17/2452—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves for measuring features or for detecting a condition of machine parts, tools or workpieces
    • B23Q17/2471—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves for measuring features or for detecting a condition of machine parts, tools or workpieces of workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B11/245—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures using a plurality of fixed, simultaneously operating transducers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-factor coupling control processing method, which aims to improve the processing quality of an automobile outer covering part die. The multi-factor coupling control processing method adopts an outer covering part die bionic surface morphology detection device applied to numerical control machine tool processing, the detection device comprises an industrial camera, an integral supporting device, a tool handle and an annular LED light source, the industrial camera is connected with the integral supporting device through a mounting baffle, the mounting baffle is connected with the integral supporting device through a pin device, the tool handle is assembled with the tool handle through an annular groove in the center of the integral supporting device, and the annular LED light source is arranged right in front of each industrial camera and provides a light source; the angle of the installation baffle can be adjusted by rotating the bolt, so that the image acquisition angle of the industrial camera is adjusted, and the whole detection device is connected with the machine tool by clamping the cutter handle through the cutter pulling claw in the main shaft. The device is mainly used for detecting the bionic surface morphology of the outer covering die, comprehensively considers the influence of a plurality of factors on the die processing surface morphology in the processing process according to the detection result, and processes the required bionic morphology features.

Description

Multi-factor coupling control processing method
Technical Field
The invention is applied to the high-speed milling process, the structural parameters are designed according to the functional requirements, and the generation of the surface morphology is controlled by a high-speed milling method.
Background
Surface wear is one of the main forms of die failure, and how to improve the wear resistance of the die surface and prolong the service life is always a hot spot problem in the study of the die manufacturing field. The prior method for improving the wear resistance of the surface of the die is mainly focused on two aspects of surface strengthening treatment and bionic non-smooth surface treatment.
The application of bionic non-smooth surface treatment in mould manufacturing is in an exploring stage, and provides a new thought and method for improving the surface performance of the mould, but the practical engineering application of the bionic non-smooth surface treatment in the mould manufacturing of automobile panel is greatly limited. On one hand, the current research on the bionic non-smooth surface treatment of the die mainly comprises laser processing, and the processing mode is single; on the other hand, similar to the surface strengthening treatment, the existing bionic non-smooth surface treatment technology of the mold surface increases the manufacturing cost and prolongs the manufacturing period intangibly. The prior researches show that the pit-shaped bionic surface has good wear resistance and lubricating property.
When milling is carried out by adopting the ball end milling cutter, the ball end part of the cutter has a unique spiral edge line structure, so that the surface morphology is formed by the regular arrangement of pit-shaped surface micro units closely related to the processing conditions, and the surface morphology is similar to a net pit bionic non-smooth surface. The morphological structure is very similar. Along with the increasing perfection of milling conditions, the development and progress of milling technology make it possible to precisely control the morphology of the processed surface.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention provides a multi-factor coupling control processing method adopting an outer covering piece die bionic surface morphology detection device applied to numerical control machine tool processing.
The above object is achieved by the following technical scheme:
a bionic surface appearance detection device comprises the following components: the detection device is characterized in that: the detection device comprises an integral supporting device, and a cutter handle of the numerical control machine tool is arranged at the center of the integral supporting device. The integral supporting device is connected with the camera installation baffle through a pin hole, the camera installation baffle is connected with the industrial camera through a positioning hole, and the camera installation baffle is respectively provided with a left industrial camera, a right industrial camera and a front industrial camera. The industrial camera is subjected to position adjustment by twisting a bolt on one side.
The bionic surface morphology detection device is characterized in that: the detection device detects the curved surface of the die through the left industrial camera, the right industrial camera and the front industrial camera respectively. The detection device is used for collecting data of the curved surface of the die through the photographing device.
The bionic surface morphology detection device is characterized in that: the left and right industrial cameras take pictures of the surface of the die in an inclined way with the horizontal plane at an included angle of 45 degrees, and the front industrial camera takes pictures of the surface of the die in an inclined way with the center line of the main shaft of the machine tool at an included angle of 60 degrees.
The multi-factor coupling control processing method adopting the outer covering piece die bionic surface morphology detection device applied to numerical control machine tool processing comprises the following steps: firstly, dividing processing areas of an automobile outer covering part die, selecting corresponding bionic morphologies according to different processing areas, and extracting bionic morphology features of the different processing areas. Then, the model sample is subjected to milling processing of bionic surface morphology, the surface processing error of the sample is detected based on an on-machine measuring device, the source of the surface processing error is analyzed, and each process parameter of the milling processing is corrected. Finally, performing bionic surface processing on the outer covering part die, and detecting the surface appearance characteristics of the outer covering part die after processing to obtain the surface characteristics meeting the surface contour precision and the bionic appearance;
the bionic surface appearance detection device of the outer covering part die applied to numerical control machine tool machining comprises a detection device, wherein the detection device comprises an integral supporting device, two sides of the integral supporting device are symmetrically arranged, the front side of the device is arranged in the center of the device, 55-degree inclined angles are designed at the tail ends of three camera installation positions around the integral supporting device, the shooting field of a camera can be expanded to the greatest extent, the gravity center of the device is stable, the integral supporting device is connected with a camera installation baffle through a pin hole, one side of the installation baffle is provided with a positioning bulge which is tightly connected with an adjusting bolt, a left industrial camera is installed on the left camera installation baffle, a right industrial camera is installed on the right camera installation baffle, a front industrial camera is installed on the front side camera installation baffle, annular LED light sources are inlaid at the front ends of all industrial camera lenses, the cameras can be adjusted and positioned by the corresponding installation baffles, bolt holes are formed in the integral supporting device through rotating bolts, the camera installation baffle connected with the camera installation baffle can be pushed, the shooting position of the camera is adjusted, the middle of the plane of the integral supporting device is installed by a tool handle, the handle is clamped by a main shaft grabbing claw, and a blind rivet is tensioned under the action of a main shaft grabbing claw.
The beneficial effects are that:
1. the invention relates to a bionic surface appearance detection device of an outer covering part die and a multi-factor coupling control processing method. The invention adopts three industrial cameras to shoot and measure the surface of the die, thereby comprehensively meeting the requirements of workpieces on the roughness and the surface contour error of the machined surface.
2. The invention can accurately measure on the premise of not contacting the measured object, wherein the optical method is a main body of measurement, has high measurement precision, is suitable for measuring soft materials, fragile workpieces and the like, and can better make up the defects of a contact pin type instrument by adopting a non-contact measurement method for measuring the surface by adopting an optical principle.
3. The invention designs three lenses to shoot the target object based on bionics, wherein a binocular shooting system is formed between every two lenses. The whole body has the characteristic of binocular observation in different directions, and the biological group observation effect is formed.
4. The bionic surface appearance detection device can be well connected with a processing machine tool, can effectively control the adjustment direction of an installed camera, and has high working precision.
5. The method for controlling the bionic surface processing based on the multi-factor coupling of the bionic surface appearance detection device of the die can comprehensively consider the influence of a plurality of factors on the processing surface appearance of the die in the processing process, and can effectively process the required bionic appearance features.
6. The invention relates to a bionic surface appearance detection device which realizes the integration of detection, processing and bionic numerical analysis in the on-machine measurement category.
7. The bionic surface morphology detection device is simple in structure and low in cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the inspection apparatus
FIG. 3 is a front view of FIG. 1
FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 2
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a detection device
FIG. 6 is a view field distribution diagram of the detecting device
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the system operation of the present invention
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the bionic morphology of the mold processing surface
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of the present invention
1-detection device, 2-integral supporting device, 3-camera mounting baffle, 4-right industrial camera, 5-annular LED light source, 6-front industrial camera, 7-adjusting bolt, 8-left industrial camera, 9-handle of a knife, 10-automobile outer covering part mould, 11-workstation, 12-bionic morphology feature, 13-signal processor, 14-notebook computer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in connection with the following detailed description, in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the invention easy to understand.
Example 1:
a bionic surface appearance detection device and a multi-factor coupling control processing method are provided, firstly, processing characteristics and functional requirements of an automobile outer covering part are analyzed, and compared with a common stamping part, the automobile outer covering part has the characteristics of thin material, complex shape, large structural size and high surface quality requirement. Any minor, unreasonable processing on the surface of the cover member, after painting, causes diffuse reflection of light and gives rise to an unsightly appearance of the vehicle. Therefore, the surface of the covering member is not allowed to have defects that are liable to cause influence on the external appearance of the automobile, such as waviness, wrinkles, dents, scratches, etc. The decorative ridge and rib of the automobile panel are required to be clear, smooth, bilaterally symmetrical and even in transition. The ridge lines between the covering parts are connected smoothly, so that uneven situation is avoided. Most of the shapes of the covering parts are space three-dimensional curved surfaces, and the shapes of the covering parts are difficult to be completely and accurately expressed on the covering part drawing. The covering piece has the characteristic of thin material. In the processing process, the rigidity of the automobile is greatly influenced by processing, cavity sound can be generated after the covering piece with poor rigidity is vibrated, and when the automobile runs at a high speed, the automobile vibrates, so that the covering piece is damaged early. The rigidity requirements of the cover should be emphasized during the processing. The processing of the covering piece not only needs to meet the functional requirement, but also meets the surface decoration requirement.
Example 2:
according to the bionic surface topography detection device and the multi-factor coupling control processing method of embodiment 1, before processing, the features of the outer covering piece are subjected to region division and the corresponding bionic model is selected. The automobile outer cover includes: assembly parts such as automobile doors, engine hoods, trunk lids, roof covers, front fenders and the like. There are different processing requirements during processing for different outer covers. The door handle of the automobile is the part which is most easy to contact and rub with a driver in normal times. Therefore, in the process of processing the automobile door, not only the aesthetic property of the processing effect is considered, but also the functionality in the use process is satisfied. In the biological world, the surface abrasion resistance of the dung beetle head is good, and in combination with the method, the part processing at the door handle of the vehicle door adopts a processing method taking the surface morphological characteristics of the dung beetle head as a bionic prototype. The outer covering piece of the automobile body has the characteristic of large volume, so that a splicing processing method is mostly adopted in the processing process. In order to ensure the requirements of the appearance and the function of the splice, the surface topography of the splice joint is required to strictly meet the specific surface quality requirements. In combination with the invention, the processing method of using the surface morphology features of the snake scales as the bionic prototype is adopted for the processing of the spliced part of the automobile outer covering part. The roof cover and the engine cover are exposed to the outside in a large area, and the contact area between the roof cover and the engine cover and the air is large in the running process of the automobile, so that large resistance can be generated in the running process of the automobile, and the non-functional consumption of energy sources is caused. In combination with the invention, reasonable use of energy is considered, and the processing method of taking the surface morphology feature of the shark skin as the bionic prototype is adopted for processing the part with the drag reduction function.
Example 3:
the bionic surface topography detection device and the multi-factor coupling control processing method according to the embodiment 1-2. Based on the work of examples 1-2 above, a biomimetic design prototype of the functional surface was determined by measuring the body surface shape, size, and distribution law of a typical organism. On the basis, a high-speed milling strategy of the functional surface is further deduced, and an accurate control method in the high-speed milling process of the functional surface is obtained. Based on a high-speed cutting theory and cutting geometry, according to the milling edge shape of the ball head and the travelling path of the cutter in the machining process, the influence rules of conditions such as cutting parameters, machining inclination angles, cutting times and the like on the surface appearance unit mechanism parameters and distribution are analyzed. And (3) performing a high-speed milling test by using a machining center to control machining parameters, and obtaining the surface microscopic morphology of the workpiece. Observing the high-speed milling surface forming process of the ball head cutter, accurately measuring the surface appearance, and correcting the established surface appearance model according to the measurement result to obtain the high-speed milling process control method for accurately realizing the functional surface structure.
Example 4:
the bionic surface topography detection device and the multi-factor coupling control processing method according to the embodiments 1-3. In the operation of examples 1-3, a high-speed milling process control method for obtaining a functional surface structure under a milling working condition according to the above method was used to test and process a workpiece meeting the required functional surface structure. Because of the large size of the automobile panel, there are functional requirements corresponding to the outer panels of different zones, and the influence of test processing cost is considered. In combination with the invention, the test adopts a sample with proper size to reflect the processing process of the large-size automobile outer covering part. And selecting four samples with certain sizes to be processed, wherein the samples respectively represent a partition with splicing characteristics, a partition with easy-to-wear characteristics, a partition with difficult-to-clean characteristics and a partition with wind resistance characteristics in the outer covering piece. By adopting the control method of milling process parameters under the milling working conditions obtained in the embodiments 1-3, corresponding surface morphology features conforming to the functional characteristics of the subareas are processed aiming at different subareas. The surface topography features were measured for established biomimetic design prototypes according to the description of examples 1-3. Based on a high-speed cutting theory and cutting geometry, according to the milling edge shape of the ball head and the travelling path of the cutter in the machining process, the influence rules of conditions such as cutting parameters, machining inclination angles, cutting times and the like on the surface appearance unit mechanism parameters and distribution are analyzed. And deducing milling process parameters meeting the requirements of the specific functional morphology. For different automobile outer covering part partitions, based on different functional characteristics, respective processing technological parameters are deduced on established bionic design prototypes. And respectively processing the four samples under the corresponding milling process parameters, detecting the forming process of the surface morphology of each sample, and finally measuring the surface morphology characteristics of each sample.
Example 5:
the bionic surface topography detection device and the multi-factor coupling control processing method according to embodiments 1-4. The surface biomimetic topography of the machined samples was characterized during the work of examples 1-4. And obtaining high-speed milling parameters with good wear resistance based on the reciprocating frictional wear test of the processed surface and the microscopic topography measurement after the reciprocating frictional wear test. The invention obtains the processing technological parameters of the wear-resistant bionic surface morphology. The microcosmic appearance of the sample piece is similar to the pit appearance of the surface of the dung beetle, and when the surface appearance obtained by milling is similar to the microcosmic appearance size or the aspect ratio of the surface of the head of the dung beetle in nature, the surface has smaller roughness and good wear resistance. The invention obtains the processing technological parameters of the drag reduction bionic surface morphology, the microscopic morphology of the sample piece is similar to the texture morphology of the shark body surface, and when the milling surface morphology is similar to the size or length proportion of the natural shark body surface microscopic morphology, the surface has good drag reduction performance. The self-cleaning bionic surface morphology processing technological parameters are obtained in the invention, the microscopic morphology of the sample piece is similar to the texture morphology of the lotus leaf surface, and when the milling surface morphology is similar to the natural lotus leaf surface morphology size or length proportion, the surface has good self-cleaning performance. The invention obtains the processing technological parameters of the smooth bionic surface morphology, the microscopic morphology of the sample piece is similar to the texture morphology of the snake scale surface, and when the surface morphology of milling processing is similar to the dimension or length of the surface morphology of the snake scale in nature, the surface has good smooth performance.
Example 6:
the bionic surface topography detection device and the multi-factor coupling control processing method according to the embodiments 1-5. The control method and the milling process parameters of the bionic surface morphology milling process with wear resistance are obtained in the working of the examples 1-5. The bionic surface topography milling control method with self-cleaning performance and milling process parameters are obtained in the working of the embodiments 1-5. The control method and the milling process parameters of the bionic surface morphology milling process with smoothness are obtained in the working of the embodiments 1-5. The surface bionic morphology milling control method and the processing technological parameters with the drag reduction performance are obtained in the working of the examples 1-5. The sample processing test shows that the bionic surface appearance obtained by milling has specific excellent performance corresponding to the human creatures in nature. And adopting milling process parameters and a surface morphology milling control method in sample processing engineering to process the automobile outer covering part. And (3) carrying out region division on the processed part, and setting the milling process parameters of the bionic surface morphology required by each region. In the processing process, three high-pixel cameras which are uniformly distributed are arranged above the main shaft and are used for collecting the morphological characteristics of the processed surface in the processing process. According to the difference of the image collecting positions of different cameras, three-dimensional bionic surface features are synthesized and used for detecting the processed surface morphology in real time. Comparing the detected processed bionic surface morphology with the required bionic morphology, analyzing the surface morphology features, controlling the surface processing error and improving the surface processing quality. In combination with the invention, three cameras are adopted to monitor the processed surface in real time and control the milling processing of the surface morphology, the processing of the outer covering part of the automobile is detected, and the milling processing technological parameters are adjusted and optimized to optimize the surface processing quality of the part in the milling process.
Example 7:
the bionic surface morphology detection device adopts three cameras to shoot the surface morphology features of the die, and extracts the information of the surface morphology features of the die. In stereoscopic vision, binocular stereoscopic vision is widely used. In binocular stereo vision, two cameras take the same scene from different angles just like two eyes of a person. The surface features are photographed by the left and right cameras. The first group of data comprises a left camera shooting the surface image of the target object, the second group of data comprises a right camera shooting the surface image of the target synchronously, the two groups of images are transmitted back to the computer, the computer carries out passive binocular matching according to the two images to obtain depth information, and accurate surface topography features are obtained according to a ranging principle. The binocular stereoscopic vision principle is simple, no coding information exists, available information is few, and the obtained result accuracy is not very high. The invention adds one camera on the binocular stereo vision method, and the optical axes of the three cameras respectively form a certain angle, so that the binocular stereo vision system can be regarded as three binocular vision systems. In the case of no errors, as shown in fig. 5, the measured values of the binocular system consisting of camera 1 and camera 2, the measured values of the binocular system consisting of camera 1 and camera 3, and the measured values of the binocular system consisting of camera 2 and camera 3 should all coincide with the actual coordinates of the measured point P. I.e. O1P1, O2P2, O3P3 should intersect at the same point P in space. However, in an actual scene, the measured value does not coincide with the actual coordinate of the measured point due to the error of the binocular vision measurement system. The three straight lines intersect at three different points in space, namely points where the straight lines O1P1, O2P2 and O3P3 intersect in pairs, and three-dimensional coordinate values of the three straight lines can be obtained through a binocular vision positioning algorithm, so that the coordinate deviation of a measured point solved by a binocular vision measuring system is relatively large, and the binocular vision measuring system has obvious advantages compared with a binocular vision measuring system. By utilizing the relevance among the three cameras, a method of fusion solving the three-dimensional coordinates is adopted, so that the positions of the feature points are more accurate. And for a single binocular vision system, the binocular vision measuring system centralizes 3 binocular vision measuring systems so that the effective measuring range becomes large, and a wider object can be detected, as shown in fig. 7. Because each part of the three-vision measuring system can independently finish the measuring work, even if one device is damaged, the other two devices can still work normally in a matched mode, so that the stability is high.
Example 8:
multi-factor coupling control processing method
In the mould processing process, the surface topography is formed by continuously cutting all the microelements on the cutting edge and finally forming the surface residual profile. The method has the advantages that in the processing process, the factors influencing the surface morphology of the die are many, and the needed die surface morphology can be effectively processed by adopting a multi-factor coupling control processing method. The influence of vibration on the surface morphology is obvious, when the vibration of the cutter is large, the phenomenon of single-tooth cutting can occur, so that one tooth can cut off most of materials on the basis of normal cutting, the phenomenon that the other tooth does not cut basically or does not cut at all occurs, the phenomenon that the residual surface profile is longer than the ideal profile occurs, the regularity of the residual profile is not very strong, the overall trend is that the residual profile becomes long, the residual height and depth are also larger, and the surface roughness is increased. The invention realizes the optimization of the surface morphology of the die processing by analyzing the following factors: the effect of the variation in feed per tooth on the surface topography. The feeding amount of each tooth is a factor which seriously affects the surface appearance, and the feeding amount of each tooth can increase the residual height of the surface appearance and is accompanied by the phenomenon that one tooth cuts the other tooth and the phenomenon that one tooth cuts; the effect of the change in rotational speed on the surface topography. The spindle rotation speed is increased, the metal cutting efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the temperature of a cutting area can be high, so that the softening effect of a surface metal layer is increased, accumulated chippings are reduced, the friction factor is reduced, the milling process is stable, and the surface roughness is reduced, and therefore, in a low-speed milling range, higher surface machining quality can be obtained by selecting a larger spindle rotation speed; the effect of milling depth variations on surface topography. With the increase of milling depth, the difference between the edge radius and the milling depth is larger, the influence of the bottom edge of the cutter on the scraping effect of the surface is obviously reduced, and the metal heat softening effect is aggravated, so that the surface processing quality is influenced. The milling depth is as large as possible within the low-speed milling parameters to reduce the impact of the combined action of factors on surface quality and profile. The surface morphology of the die meeting the requirements is obtained by reasonably selecting the processing parameters such as the rotating speed, the feeding amount of each tooth, the cutting depth and the like.
Example 9:
influence and coupling control of vibration on the bionic morphology of the surface of the die in the processing process.
The tool must vibrate during cutting due to high-speed rotation of the tool itself and variations in cutting forces, also known as steady-state forced vibration caused by the excitation function, which is in fact caused by intermittent cutting of the cutter teeth during machining. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a cutting motion trajectory equation considering vibration factors, and analyze the influence of vibration under various cutting parameters on the surface morphology.
When the cutter generates impact vibration, the impact vibration displacement conversion matrix is as follows:
Figure GDA0004168936020000061
wherein: x (t) and y (t) are vibration displacements of the ball-end-point cutter in a cutter coordinate system at time t, and the values of the vibration displacements are given by a formula solved by a dynamics equation.
The cutting edge cutting motion model considering the impact vibration is as follows, wherein Maw, mtaw, mjt, [ x0, y0, z0,1] t is known. The motion model of the cutting edge can be obtained through the following conversion relation. And further, the influence rule of vibration on the surface morphology is obtained.
[x y z 1] T ＝M aw M ta1 M ta2 M jt [x 0 y 0 z 0 1 ] T+L
Figure GDA0004168936020000062
Wherein: n is the intermittent feeding frequency in the Y-axis direction, and P is the intermittent feeding width.
Example 10:
and (5) analyzing and coupling control of the influence of the curvature of the curved surface on the surface morphology of the die in the processing process.
When the ball-end cutter mills a curved surface die, the feeding of the ball-end cutter is a space curve, and the cutter simultaneously performs rotary motion and feeding motion, so that the motion track of any cutter tooth is a three-dimensional cycloid, generated chips are gradually changed from the tip point of the cutter point along the cutting edge and are doubly bent, and the bending is different according to different contact conditions and different cutting surfaces.
1) Curvature ρ of curved surface in row spacing direction φ Influencing the axial position angle
Radius of curvature ρ in row spacing direction φ Influencing the axial cutting entry angle phi of the tool and workpiece contact area st And an axial cutting angle phi ex Thereby determining the axial position angle phi of any point on the cutting edge of the cutter contact area and the actual cutting radius R φ Is of a size of (a) and (b). The cutting edge axial position angle of the milling curved surface can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0004168936020000071
ρ φ the positive and negative of (a) are determined by the concave-convex of the workpiece to be processed, and when the workpiece to be processed is a convex curved surface, ρ is φ Is positive; when the processed workpiece is a concave curved surface, ρ φ Is negative. However, whether the milling is a concave or convex surface, the axial cut angle phi st And an axial cutting angle phi ex Are all identical, namely:
Figure GDA0004168936020000072
wherein: beta c The angle between the normal vector at the tool contact point and the arbor is called the slip angle. When beta is c At a timing and with the same cut-in position, then when ρ φ And the actual cutting radius phi st And phi ex And the difference and the axial position angle of the two are in positive correlation.
2) Curvature ρ of curved surface in feed direction φ Influencing radial position angle
In milling, the milling can be divided into forward milling and reverse milling according to the feeding direction of the workpiece and the rotation direction of the cutter, and the corresponding cutting-in and cutting-out angles of the two processing modes are different.
And (3) during forward milling:
Figure GDA0004168936020000073
and (3) during back milling:
Figure GDA0004168936020000074
wherein: i=1 when the workpiece is a convex curved surface, and i= -1 when the workpiece is a concave curved surface.

Claims (4)

1. A multi-factor coupling control processing method adopting an outer covering piece die bionic surface morphology detection device applied to numerical control machine tool processing is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: firstly, dividing a processing area of an automobile outer covering part die, selecting corresponding bionic morphology according to different processing areas, extracting bionic morphology features of different processing areas, then, carrying out bionic surface morphology milling processing on a die sample, detecting sample surface processing errors based on an on-machine measuring device, analyzing surface processing error sources, correcting milling processing technological parameters, finally, carrying out bionic surface processing on the outer covering part die, and detecting the surface morphology features of the outer covering part die after processing by using an outer covering part die bionic surface morphology detecting device applied to numerical control machine tool processing to obtain surface features meeting surface contour precision and bionic morphology;
the utility model provides a be applied to outer covering mould bionic surface appearance detection device of digit control machine tool processing, it includes detection device (1), detection device (1) are including whole strutting arrangement (2), whole strutting arrangement (2) both sides symmetrical arrangement, the front side is arranged in the center of the device, three camera installation position terminal designs around whole strutting arrangement (2) have 55 inclination, can the camera's of maximum extension shooting field and maintain the focus of device stable, whole strutting arrangement is connected with camera installation baffle (3) through the pinhole, install baffle one side has the location arch, guarantee with adjusting bolt (7) zonulae occludens, install by left industrial camera (8) on the left side camera installation baffle, install right industrial camera (4) on the right side camera installation baffle, install preceding industrial camera (6) on the front side camera installation baffle, annular LED light source (5) are inlayed to each industrial camera front end, each camera can be adjusted the location by corresponding installation baffle, it has the bolt hole to process on the whole strutting arrangement, can promote the camera installation baffle that is connected with it through rotatory bolt (7), the shooting position of adjusting camera, whole strutting arrangement (2) plane intermediate mount by handle of a knife (9), take up the effect by the handle of a knife under the tensioning the main shaft of the lathe.
2. The multi-factor coupling control processing method adopting the outer covering piece die bionic surface morphology detection device applied to numerical control machine tool processing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the detection device (1) is used for shooting images of a target object based on bionics, wherein a binocular shooting system is formed between every two lenses, the whole detection device has the characteristic of binocular observation in different directions, and a biological group observation effect is formed.
3. The multi-factor coupling control processing method adopting the outer covering piece die bionic surface morphology detection device applied to numerical control machine tool processing according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the left side industrial camera (8) and the right side industrial camera (4) take pictures of the surface of the die in the inclined direction with the horizontal plane at an included angle of 45 degrees, and the front side industrial camera (6) takes pictures of the surface of the die in the inclined direction with the center line of the main shaft of the machine tool at an included angle of 60 degrees.
4. The multi-factor coupling control processing method adopting the outer covering piece die bionic surface morphology detection device applied to numerical control machine tool processing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the multi-factor coupling control method can comprehensively consider the influence of a plurality of factors on the surface morphology of the die during the processing, and can effectively process the required bionic morphology features.
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