CN112828303A - Method for forming low-shrinkage metal part by droplet spraying and product - Google Patents
Method for forming low-shrinkage metal part by droplet spraying and product Download PDFInfo
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- CN112828303A CN112828303A CN202011634241.3A CN202011634241A CN112828303A CN 112828303 A CN112828303 A CN 112828303A CN 202011634241 A CN202011634241 A CN 202011634241A CN 112828303 A CN112828303 A CN 112828303A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
- C22C45/10—Amorphous alloys with molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, tantalum, titanium, or zirconium or Hf as the major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and particularly discloses a method for forming a low-shrinkage metal part by droplet spraying and a product. The method comprises the following steps: mixing a base material and a filling material to obtain metal mixed powder, wherein the filling material can infiltrate the base material and has a melting point and an average particle size lower than those of the base material; preparing a metal primary blank by using a polymer adhesive and metal mixed powder by adopting a micro-droplet spraying technology; and sintering the metal primary blank to obtain the low-shrinkage metal part, wherein the polymer adhesive is decomposed in the first stage of the sintering process, and the filling material is subjected to substance migration in the second stage. The method can transfer the filling material from the clearance of the accumulation of the base material particles to the surface of the base material to form a film in the sintering densification process of the metal mixed powder, so that the sintered part has good mechanical property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for forming a low-shrinkage metal part by droplet spraying and a product.
Background
The technology of droplet spraying and forming metal parts is based on an additive manufacturing principle, powder is paved into a thin layer, a polymer adhesive is sprayed onto the thin layer by a spray head according to the slicing information of a three-dimensional model of an object, the metal powder is connected together under the action of the adhesive, then a new layer of powder is paved on the surface of a powder bed, the adhesive is sprayed again according to the slicing information of the next layer, the processes are repeated until printing is finished, and printing areas of all layers are connected together to form an initial blank with certain strength. Metal parts having an extremely high degree of freedom in shape can be formed in a short time by the droplet discharging technique. Because a die and a corresponding tool clamp are not needed, compared with the traditional forming processes such as casting, forging, machining and the like, the technology has great advantages in cost and time in the fields of rapid prototyping and small-batch customization. Compared with metal additive manufacturing methods which take laser as energy, such as selective laser melting and the like, the droplet jetting technology does not need a laser system, and has low operation and maintenance cost and small volume. In addition, the forming speed of the nozzle is far faster than that of a laser single-point scanning mode, and the speed advantage is more obvious when a large-size and large-volume metal part is formed. However, the droplet ejection technique has a disadvantage in that the formed metal article is relatively weak and is therefore generally used for making a preform and has improved strength by post-processing.
The metallurgical bonding between the powder particles of the metal preform is generally achieved by two post-treatments to obtain a final part that meets the service strength. One method is that under the conditions of inert atmosphere protection and high-melting-point ceramic particle support, an initial blank is gradually heated to a sintering temperature which is 0.5-0.85 times of the melting point of the metal material, the temperature is preserved, the binder material is decomposed and volatilized in the heating process, substance migration is carried out between discrete metal particles in the form of diffusion and flowing, and sintering necks appear between the particles and grow large. After the temperature is raised to a certain temperature, heat preservation is carried out, closed holes are formed among the particles at the stage and are reduced or even disappear along with the time, and the integral density and strength of the sintered part are obviously increased. The other method is that the primary blank is pre-sintered at the temperature of 0.4-0.55 times of the melting point of the metal material, sintering necks are formed between adjacent particles to obtain a pre-sintered part with certain strength, then the pre-sintered part is contacted with or immersed in another low-melting-point liquid material, the low-melting-point material flows along the pores between the particles of the pre-sintered part under the action of capillary force in the vacuum or low-pressure environment until the pores are completely filled to obtain a compact part, and the strength of the primary blank is obviously increased after infiltration.
The post-treatment method of high-temperature sintering greatly improves the mechanical property of the initial blank, but the size of the part in the densification process usually has 12-20% of linear shrinkage, and the shape after shrinkage is difficult to predict. Although the linear shrinkage rate of the method for infiltrating the low-melting-point material after pre-sintering can be controlled to be 3% -8%, the method cannot be used for manufacturing products with higher precision requirements such as molds, and the like, and the low-pressure or vacuum environment required by the infiltration process makes the process more complex, the time and the economic cost higher, and the defects of insufficient infiltration and the like easily occur.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks and needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for droplet spray forming a low shrinkage metal part and a product thereof, wherein the method comprises adding a filler material, which is capable of wetting the surface of a base material and has a lower melting point and a lower average particle size than the base material, to a metal mixed powder, and performing a second stage of sintering to allow the filler material to undergo mass transfer, so that the filler material is transferred from a gap where particles of the base material are stacked to the surface of the base material to form a thin film, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the sintered part.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a droplet discharge forming method for a low shrinkage metal part, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, mixing a base material and a filling material to obtain metal mixed powder, so that the filling material infiltrates the surface of the base material, wherein the melting point of the filling material is lower than that of the base material, and the average particle size of the filling material is smaller than that of the base material;
s2, preparing a metal primary blank by using a polymer adhesive and the metal mixed powder obtained in the step S1 by adopting a micro-droplet spraying technology;
s3, sintering the metal primary blank prepared in the step S2 to obtain the low-shrinkage metal part, wherein the sintering process comprises two stages, namely, the first stage decomposes the polymer binder, and the second stage transfers the filling material to the surface of the base material through substance migration from the particle accumulation gaps of the base material to form a film.
More preferably, in step S1, the base material includes copper and copper alloy powder, aluminum and aluminum alloy powder, iron and iron alloy powder, titanium and titanium alloy powder; the average particle size of the base material is 40-80 μm.
As a further preference, in step S1, the filler material includes an aluminum-based powder, a copper-based powder, a silver-based powder, a nickel-based powder, or a titanium-based powder, and the average particle diameter of the filler material is 0.5 μm to 20 μm.
More preferably, in step S1, the mass ratio of the base material to the filler is 5:1 to 20: 1.
Further preferably, in step S1, an alkali metal, a halide of an organic ammonium salt, an amine-based organic substance, or an amide-based organic substance is added to the mixed metal powder to remove an oxide film on the surface of the base material or the filler.
Further preferably, in step S2, the polymer binder is a water-based binder or an organic binder, the polymer binder has a viscosity of 4 to 12mPa · S and a surface tension of 28 to 40 mN/m.
As a further preference, in the step S2, the thickness of the single layer of the powder is 0.06mm to 0.2mm in the process of preparing the metal blank by the droplet spraying technique.
More preferably, in step S3, the first stage heat-preserving time is 0.5 to 2 hours and the second stage heat-preserving time is 1 to 8 hours during the sintering process.
Further preferably, in step S3, an inert shielding gas or a reducing gas is introduced during the sintering process; and for the metal which is easy to generate the oxide film, introducing inert protective gas or reducing gas and gaseous inorganic halide during the sintering process to remove the oxide film on the surface of the particles.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a low shrinkage metal part prepared by the above method.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:
1. the invention provides a method for droplet spray forming of low-shrinkage metal parts, which comprises the steps of adding a filling material with a melting point and an average particle size lower than those of a base material into metal mixed powder, setting the sintering temperature in the second stage to be higher than the melting point of the filling material and lower than the melting point of the base material, so that the filling material is transferred to the surface of the base material from gaps formed by accumulation of particles of the base material to form a film in the sintering and densifying process of the metal mixed powder;
2. meanwhile, the invention optimizes the types and particle sizes of the base material and the filling material, can ensure that the filling material powder can well infiltrate the surface of the base material particles, and under some conditions, the filling material and the base material are subjected to interaction such as dissolution, reaction diffusion and the like at the interface, and form firm metallurgical bonding, thereby ensuring that the prepared metal part has good mechanical properties.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of droplet ejection forming of low shrinkage metal parts constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation of sintering temperature for a preform sintered part according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the microstructure of the matrix material and filler material particles before and after sintering in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a droplet ejection method for forming a low shrinkage metal part, including the following steps:
s1, mixing a base material and a filling material to obtain metal mixed powder, so that the filling material infiltrates the surface of the base material, the melting point of the filling material is lower than that of the base material, and the average particle size of the filling material is smaller than that of the base material;
s2, preparing a metal primary blank by using a polymer adhesive and the metal mixed powder obtained in the step S1 by adopting a microdrop spraying technology, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, a powder spreading roller or a scraper on microdroplet spraying equipment spreads mixed metal powder on a printing plane of a working cylinder into a thin layer, then a spray head selectively prints a polymer binder on a metal material powder bed according to the section information of a part model on the layer, the binder is contacted with the powder bed and permeates into a forming material layer for a certain thickness, after one layer is printed, the printing plane of the working cylinder is reduced by the thickness of a single layer of powder, and then the spraying and printing process is repeated until all layers of the part model are printed; after printing of each layer is finished, the volatilization of solvent components of the polymer adhesive increases the viscosity of the polymer adhesive, particles in the jet printing areas are adhered together, and jet printing areas of different cross-section layers are adhered to each other to form an initial blank with certain strength;
s3, sintering the metal primary blank prepared in the step S2 to obtain the low shrinkage metal part, wherein the sintering process comprises two stages, the sintering temperature in the first stage is higher than the decomposition temperature of the polymer adhesive to decompose the polymer adhesive, and the sintering temperature in the second stage is higher than the melting point of the filling material and lower than the melting point of the base material or slightly lower than the melting point of the filling material to cause the substance migration of the filling material, so that the substance migration is carried out from the particle accumulation gaps of the base material to the surface of the base material to form a film.
Further, in step S1, the base material includes copper and copper alloy powder, aluminum and aluminum alloy powder, iron and iron alloy powder, titanium and titanium alloy powder, and superalloy powder, and the like, and the average particle size of the powder is 40 to 80 μm; preferably, the average particle size of the matrix material is 60 μm to 70 μm, at which time the powder has good flowability. The filling material is selected from metal powder capable of well infiltrating the matrix material, and comprises aluminum-based powder, copper-based powder, silver-based powder, nickel-based powder or titanium-based powder, and the average particle size of the filling material is 0.5-20 mu m. The mass ratio of the base material to the filling material is 5: 1-20: 1, and as shown in fig. 3, after the base material and the filling material are mechanically mixed, the filling material is mainly located in gaps among the base material particles.
Further, in step S1, an alkali metal, a halide of an organic ammonium salt, an amine organic compound, or an amide organic compound may be added to the mixed metal powder to remove an oxide film on the surface of the matrix material or the filler material, thereby promoting wetting of the particle surface. Wherein the halide of the organic ammonium salt comprises ZnCl2、NH4Cl, NaF, etc., amine and amide organic compounds such as urea, ethylenediamine, triethylenediamine, etcAn alcohol amine.
Further, in step S2, the polymer adhesive used is a water-based adhesive or an organic adhesive, and is prepared according to the parameters of the nozzle such as viscosity, surface tension, and pH of the ink. In practical engineering, different printing devices have different requirements on adhesives, for example, a preferred preparation method of the water-based adhesive is as follows: 20-60 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, 40-70 parts of deionized water and 5-10 parts of high polymer material are placed in a planetary ball mill according to the mass part ratio and ball milled for 1-8 hours at the speed of 20-100 revolutions per minute to prepare the binder with the viscosity and the surface tension meeting the requirements of the piezoelectric type spray head. The high polymer material is PVA, PMMA, PVP, PVB and the like, and the materials are dispersed and dissolved in deionized water and sprayed on the metal powder bed through a spray head, so that the dispersed powder can be bonded together. The viscosity of the adhesive is 4-12 mPa.s, the surface tension is 28-40 mN/m, and the adhesive is convenient to spray.
Further, in step S2, in the process of preparing the metal blank by the droplet spraying technique, the thickness of the powder single layer is 0.06mm to 0.2mm, and the thickness of the powder single layer is further preferably 0.1 mm to 0.16mm, so as to ensure that the printed blank has higher dimensional accuracy and strength.
Further, in the sintering process of step S3, the sintering of the primary blank includes two stages, in the first stage, the sintering temperature TaSet to be higher than the decomposition temperature T of the polymer adhesive0And less than 0.67 times the melting point T of the filler material1The sintering furnace is rapidly raised from room temperature to TaAnd preserving the heat for 0.5 to 2 hours, and decomposing and volatilizing the polymer adhesive in the primary blank. In the second stage, the sintering temperature TbSet to be higher than 0.8 times of the melting point T of the filler1And less than 0.67 times the melting point T of the base material2A certain temperature of from TaRises rapidly to TbAnd then preserving the heat for 1-8 hours, wherein the heating curve of the whole process is shown as 201 in figure 2. In the second stage of sintering, the filling material particles flow and diffuse under the action of surface tension and spread on the surface of the base material particles fully, the filling material permeates into the base material to separate adjacent base material particles to form a film coating the base material particles, and the film is cooled, crystallized and filledThe formation of the continuous phase of the material gives the material a certain mechanical property as a whole, as shown at 301 in fig. 3.
In some cases, when the melting temperatures of the selected filler material and matrix material are not substantially different, as in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the filler material melting point T1' above 0.5 times the melting point T of the base material2And the second stage sintering temperature Tb' is higher than 0.67 times of the melting point T of the base material2The overall process heating profile is shown at 202 in fig. 2. In the second stage of sintering, while the filler material begins to melt and infiltrate the surfaces of the matrix material particles, mass migration between adjacent matrix material particles also occurs and a sintering neck is initially formed. After the sintering process is finished, the material overall shrinks to some extent, but the cross network structure formed by the base material and the filling material makes the mechanical properties of the sintered part more excellent, as shown in 302 in fig. 3.
Further, in step S3, an inert shielding gas such as nitrogen, argon or a reducing gas is introduced during the sintering process to prevent the metal particles from reacting with oxygen in the air during the sintering process; for metals which are easy to generate oxide films, a small amount of gaseous inorganic halide such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, boron trifluoride and boron trichloride can be added into inert protective gas or reducing gas in the sintering process to serve as active gas, and the oxide films on the surfaces of particles are removed through chemical reaction in the sintering process, so that the wettability of the filling material on the surfaces of the particles of the base material is improved.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a metal part prepared by the above method, which has good mechanical properties, has high dimensional accuracy, and has strength sufficient for further operations such as transportation, infiltration, and the like.
The technical solution provided by the present invention is specifically described below according to specific embodiments.
Example 1
S1: screening Al-1Mg anti-rust aluminum powder (melting point 634-654 ℃) with an average grain size of 60-80 mu m and Sn60Zn tin-zinc alloy powder (melting temperature 260-335 ℃) with an average grain size of 10-20 mu m by using mesh screens with different mesh numbers respectively, and screening500g of Al-1Mg aluminum alloy powder and 100g of Sn60Zn tin-zinc alloy powder are put into a ball mill, and 10g of ZnCl is added2And NH4Mechanically mixing the Cl mixture for 5 hours to obtain metal powder;
s2: firstly, preparing microdroplet spraying binding solution, adding 30g of absolute ethyl alcohol, 60g of deionized water and 10g of PVA into a container, placing the container into a planetary ball mill, and carrying out ball milling for 2 hours at the speed of 40 revolutions per minute to prepare the binding solution with the viscosity of 12mPa & s and the surface tension of 40 mN/m;
the droplet spraying technology is also called three-dimensional spray printing, and is one of additive manufacturing technologies, wherein mixed metal powder is paved into a thin layer of 0.2mm, and a polymer adhesive is printed on the surface of the metal powder by using an ink jet array according to the cross section profile data of a printing model, so that the powder with a certain thickness is mutually bonded to form a first layer; forming a second layer on the first layer in the same operation, repeating the process until the whole part is completely formed, and bonding the metal particles sprayed with the adhesive in the same layer and the adjacent layer together to finally form a blank with certain strength;
s3: taking the formed primary blank out of the powder bed, removing powder attached to the surface of the blank by using a brush, then placing the primary blank in a refractory container with enough space, putting SiC particles into the container to completely fill the gaps in the structure of the primary blank, then putting the container into a sintering furnace, and introducing Ar gas; the sintering furnace is heated to 200 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min and then is kept for 2 hours, and the polymer adhesive is completely decomposed in the process; raising the temperature to 400 ℃ at the speed of 15 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 5 hours, wherein the Sn60Zn tin-zinc alloy powder serving as the filling material is completely melted and is in metallurgical connection with the surface of the Al-1Mg aluminum alloy powder particles serving as the base material in the process; and finally, naturally cooling the sintering furnace to room temperature and taking out.
Example 2
S1: respectively screening pure copper powder (melting point 1083 ℃) with the average particle size of 50-70 mu m and AgCu28 eutectic alloy powder (melting point 779 ℃) with the average particle size of 10-15 mu m by using mesh screens with different mesh numbers, and mechanically mixing 560g of the screened pure copper powder and 40g of the AgCu28 eutectic alloy powder in a ball mill for 4 hours to obtain mixed metal powder;
s2: firstly, preparing microdroplet spraying binding solution, adding 40g of absolute ethyl alcohol, 50g of deionized water, 6g of PVA and 4g of PVP into a container, then placing the container into a planetary ball mill, and carrying out ball milling for 1h at the speed of 60 revolutions per minute to prepare the binding solution with the viscosity of 10mPa & s and the surface tension of 32 mN/m;
droplet jetting, also known as three-dimensional jet printing, is one type of additive manufacturing technique in which mixed metal powder is spread in a thin layer of 0.15mm, and a polymer binder is printed on the surface of the metal powder using an inkjet array according to the cross-sectional profile data of the printed model, so that powders of a certain thickness are bonded to each other to form a first layer. Forming a second layer on the first layer in the same operation, repeating the process until the whole part is completely formed, and bonding the metal particles sprayed with the adhesive in the same layer and the adjacent layer together to finally form a blank with certain strength;
s3: taking out the formed blank from the powder bed, removing the powder adhered to the surface of the blank by using a brush, placing the blank in a refractory container with enough space, and placing Al in the container2O3The particles are put into a sintering furnace after completely filling gaps in the primary blank structure and are introduced with H2The mixed gas of the Ar and the polymer adhesive is heated to 300 ℃ in a sintering furnace at the speed of 15 ℃/min and then is kept for 1 hour, and the polymer adhesive is completely decomposed in the process; raising the temperature to 600 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 1 hour, wherein AgCu28 eutectic alloy powder serving as a filling material is fully diffused and flows under the surface tension in the process, and is in metallurgical connection with the surfaces of pure copper powder particles of a base material; and finally, naturally cooling the sintering furnace to room temperature and taking out.
Example 3
S1: respectively screening out industrial pure titanium TA1 powder (the melting point is 1650-1670 ℃) with the average grain size of 40-60 mu m and Ti-37.5Zr-15Cu-10Ni titanium-based amorphous powder (the melting point is 805-815 ℃) with the average grain size of 0.5-5 mu m by using mesh screens with different mesh numbers, and mechanically mixing 1000g of the screened industrial pure titanium TA1 powder and 50g of the Ti-37.5Zr-15Cu-10Ni titanium-based amorphous powder in a ball mill for 4 hours to obtain mixed metal powder;
s2: firstly, preparing microdroplet spraying binding solution, adding 50g of absolute ethyl alcohol, 45g of deionized water and 5g of PVB into a container, then placing the container into a planetary ball mill, and carrying out ball milling for 1 hour at the speed of 200 r/min to prepare the binding solution with the viscosity of 4mPa & s and the surface tension of 28 mN/m;
droplet jetting, also known as three-dimensional jet printing, is one type of additive manufacturing technique in which mixed metal powder is spread in a thin layer of 0.06mm, and a polymer binder is printed on the surface of the metal powder using an inkjet array according to the cross-sectional profile data of the printed model, so that powders of a certain thickness are bonded to each other to form a first layer. Forming a second layer on the first layer in the same operation, repeating the process until the whole part is completely formed, and bonding the metal particles sprayed with the adhesive in the same layer and the adjacent layer together to finally form a blank with certain strength;
s3: taking out the formed primary blank from the powder bed, removing the powder adhered to the surface of the blank by using a brush, placing the primary blank in a refractory container with enough space, and placing ZrO in the container2The particles are put into a sintering furnace after completely filling gaps in the primary blank structure, and mixed gas of He gas and a small amount of hydrogen fluoride gas is introduced; the sintering furnace is heated to 350 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/min and then is kept for 0.5 hour, and the polymer adhesive is completely decomposed in the process; then raising the temperature to 880 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 8 hours, wherein Ti-37.5Zr-15Cu-10Ni titanium-based amorphous powder used as a filling material is melted and diffused and dissolved with the matrix material industrial pure titanium TA1 powder particle material to form a solid solution; and finally, naturally cooling the sintering furnace to room temperature and taking out.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of droplet ejection forming a low shrinkage metal part, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, mixing a base material and a filling material to obtain metal mixed powder, so that the filling material infiltrates the surface of the base material, wherein the melting point of the filling material is lower than that of the base material, and the average particle size of the filling material is smaller than that of the base material;
s2, preparing a metal primary blank by using a polymer adhesive and the metal mixed powder obtained in the step S1 by adopting a micro-droplet spraying technology;
s3, sintering the metal primary blank prepared in the step S2 to obtain the low-shrinkage metal part, wherein the sintering process comprises two stages, namely, the first stage decomposes the polymer binder, and the second stage transfers the filling material to the surface of the base material through substance migration from the particle accumulation gaps of the base material to form a film.
2. The droplet ejection method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the base material comprises copper and copper alloy powder, aluminum and aluminum alloy powder, iron and iron alloy powder, titanium and titanium alloy powder; the average particle size of the base material is 40-80 μm.
3. The method for droplet ejection forming a low shrinkage metal part of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the filler material comprises an aluminum-based powder, a copper-based powder, a silver-based powder, a nickel-based powder, or a titanium-based powder, and the filler material has an average particle size of 0.5 μm to 20 μm.
4. The method for droplet ejection forming a low shrinkage metal part according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the mass ratio of the base material to the filler material is 5:1 to 20: 1.
5. The droplet discharge forming method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, an alkali metal, a halide of an organic ammonium salt, an amine-based organic substance, or an amide-based organic substance is added to the mixed metal powder to remove an oxide film on the surface of the base material or the filler material.
6. The method for droplet jetting forming a low shrinkage metal part according to claim 1, wherein the polymer binder is a water-based binder or an organic binder, the polymer binder has a viscosity of 4 to 12 mPa-S and a surface tension of 28 to 40mN/m in step S2.
7. The method of droplet ejection forming a low shrinkage metal part as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the single layer thickness of the powder is 0.06mm to 0.2mm during the droplet ejection process for preparing the metal blank.
8. The method for droplet ejection forming a low shrinkage metal part according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the first stage is performed for 0.5 to 2 hours and the second stage is performed for 1 to 8 hours during the sintering process.
9. The method for droplet ejection forming a low shrinkage metal part according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, an inert shielding gas or a reducing gas is introduced during the sintering process; and for the metal which is easy to generate the oxide film, introducing inert protective gas or reducing gas and gaseous inorganic halide during the sintering process to remove the oxide film on the surface of the particles.
10. A low shrinkage metal part produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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