CN112820610A - Energy transmission coupling structure for ribbon-shaped beam staggered grid traveling wave tube - Google Patents
Energy transmission coupling structure for ribbon-shaped beam staggered grid traveling wave tube Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
- H01J25/42—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2223/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J2225/00
- H01J2223/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2225/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. Klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J2225/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
- H01J2225/42—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
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Abstract
The invention relates to an energy transmission coupling structure for a staggered grid traveling wave tube, which comprises a three-branch waveguide coupling structure, a first branch, a second branch and a third branch, wherein the three-branch waveguide coupling structure comprises the first branch and the second branch which are arranged along the traveling direction of an electron beam, and the third branch is used for microwave transmission; and at least one ridge loading disposed in the third branched waveguide along the height direction of the waveguide, wherein each branched waveguide has the same height, and the height of the ridge loading is 10-30% of the height of the waveguide. The H-surface energy transmission coupling structure for the strip-shaped beam-interleaved grid traveling wave tube is short in axial length, compact in structure and capable of meeting design requirements due to the fact that ridge loading is arranged in the three-waveguide-splitting intersection region. Under the condition of not using a complex transition structure, the good characteristics of matching, reflection and isolation are realized simultaneously, and the problems that the existing coupling structure cannot meet H-plane extraction simultaneously, the structure is simple and compact, and the performance is excellent are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microwave vacuum electronic devices, in particular to a millimeter wave/terahertz strip-shaped traveling wave tube.
Background
The millimeter wave/terahertz technology has important application value in the fields of future communication, imaging, radar and the like. The main obstacle currently restricting its development is the lack of a broadband coherent radiation source with a compact structure and moderate power level. The traveling wave tube is a vacuum electronic device and can realize the generation or amplification of millimeter wave/terahertz signals. Compared with other types of devices, the traveling wave tube is one of the few devices which simultaneously have broadband, high gain and high power capability in millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands and have compact structures. The traveling wave tube device of the traditional system is limited by the size sharing effect, namely as the frequency rises, the output power is reduced along with the square of the frequency, and the capacity of the traveling wave tube working in a high-frequency section is greatly limited. The ribbon electron beam technology is an effective technical approach for overcoming the problem, and is one of the research hotspots in the field of terahertz vacuum electronic devices at present.
The staggered grid slow wave structure is an all-metal slow wave structure suitable for a high-frequency system of a ribbon-shaped electron beam traveling wave tube, and has the advantages of large power capacity and wide frequency band. Although the staggered grid slow wave structure has excellent inherent performance and especially has broadband amplification capacity, the relative bandwidth can reach 30% theoretically. A slow wave structure of a conventional strip-shaped beam staggered grid traveling wave tube is shown in fig. 1, and a rectangular waveguide 1 is provided with a staggered grid structure 2 and a strip-shaped electron beam channel 3 formed between end faces of the grid structure. Since the electromagnetic wave transmission path and the electron beam transmission path of such a slow wave structure cannot be naturally separated, input and output coupling structures must be carefully designed in an actual device to achieve effective feeding and extraction of electromagnetic wave signals.
A commonly used energy transmission coupling system in the prior art is an H-plane coupling system, as shown in fig. 2, the arrangement direction of the lead-in/lead-out waveguide is parallel to the plane of the magnetic field system, and the lead-in/lead-out waveguide is led out from the middle of the upper and lower magnetic field planes, and the energy transmission coupling structure and the magnetic field system are not affected by each other. However, the H-plane coupling structure requires extremely complicated transition designs including end taper design on the slow wave structure side, matching design on the energy transmission waveguide side, and isolator design on the electron gun side. Finally, the energy transmission coupling system meeting the performance requirements is often too long and complex in structure.
Because the transmission characteristics of the strip-shaped electron beam are complex and the strip-shaped electron beam is difficult to stably transmit in a long distance, the design of the strip-shaped traveling wave tube hopes that the traveling wave tube is as short as possible in the axial direction of the traveling electron beam so as to reduce the interception of the electron beam to the maximum extent. Thus, a coupling system that is too long is undesirable. This is also one of the key problems that researchers are always working on to solve in the current development of ribbon traveling wave tubes. In addition, the complicated structure causes difficulty in implementation of the process. Particularly in the terahertz frequency band, the optimal size in electrical performance design is often difficult to strictly realize in practical processing, which results in that the performance of a practical structure is difficult to achieve the design expectation. Thus, the structure of the coupling system also needs to be as simple as possible in terms of manufacturing process and performance realization.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a strip-shaped beam-interleaved grid traveling wave tube input-output coupling structure with short length, compact structure and performance meeting practical requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an energy transmission coupling structure for a staggered grid traveling wave tube, which comprises
The three-branch waveguide coupling structure comprises a first branch waveguide, a second branch waveguide and a third branch waveguide, wherein the first branch waveguide and the second branch waveguide are arranged along the traveling direction of an electron beam, and the third branch waveguide is used for microwave transmission; and
at least one ridge disposed in the third branch waveguide in the direction of the height of the waveguide is loaded,
wherein each branch waveguide has the same height, and the ridge loading height is 10-30% of the waveguide height.
Preferably, the at least one ridge loading is disposed proximate to the three-branch waveguide junction.
Preferably, the at least one ridge loading is symmetrically disposed about the third branch waveguide width centerline.
Preferably, the coupling structure is a travelling wave tube input coupling structure, and further comprises a reflector branched at the electron gun side of the travelling wave tube.
Preferably, the coupling structure is a traveling wave tube output coupling structure, and further includes a reflector disposed on the traveling wave tube collector side branch.
Preferably, the coupling structure is designed to couple directly with a traveling wave tube slow wave structure waveguide.
Preferably, the ridge loading is integrally formed with the waveguide.
Preferably, the ridge loading is a tuning peg adjustably positioned in the coupling structure by a through hole provided on the broad side of the waveguide.
The invention further relates to a staggered grid traveling wave tube which comprises an electron gun, an input coupling structure, a high-frequency system, an output coupling structure and a collector, wherein the input coupling structure and the output coupling structure are energy transmission coupling structures, and the input coupling structure and the output coupling structure are respectively and directly coupled with a slow wave structure of the high-frequency system.
Preferably, the traveling wave tube further comprises a magnetic focusing system, and the microwaves of the input coupling structure and the microwaves of the output coupling structure are respectively input and output in parallel to the plane of the magnetic focusing system
According to the traveling wave tube energy transmission coupling structure based on the three-branch waveguide coupler, the ridge loading is arranged in the three-branch waveguide intersection region, and the H-plane energy transmission coupling structure for the strip-shaped beam-interleaved grid traveling wave tube is short in axial length, compact in structure and capable of meeting design requirements in performance. Under the condition of not using a complex transition structure, the good characteristics of matching, reflection and isolation are realized simultaneously, and the problems that the existing coupling structure cannot meet H-plane extraction simultaneously, the structure is simple and compact, and the performance is excellent are solved. In the case of one ridge loading and one bragg reflector, a better match than-20 dB can be achieved in the 20GHz bandwidth range. Meanwhile, the ridge is positioned in the middle of the three-branch waveguide, so that the lengths of two ends of the coupling structure are not increased, and compared with the length of the existing energy transmission structure, the length of the coupling structure can be at least shortened by 3 slow wave structure periods. For the traveling wave tube as a whole, the input coupling structure and the output coupling structure together can shorten the length of 6 slow wave periods, and can obviously reduce the size of the traveling wave tube.
Drawings
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in conjunction with the appended drawings:
FIG. 1 is a slow wave structure diagram of a conventional staggered grid traveling wave tube;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an energy transmission coupling structure of a prior art staggered grid traveling wave tube;
fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an energy transmission coupling structure according to a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an energy transmission coupling structure according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an energy transmission coupling structure according to comparative example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an energy transmission coupling structure according to a second embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the S-parameter performance of the energy transmission coupling structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Similar parts in the figures are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, for ease of understanding, fig. 1 herein schematically illustrates a metal portion of a waveguide in a cross-section of a slow wave structure of a traveling wave tube, and fig. 2 to 6 illustrate a vacuum portion of a waveguide of a traveling wave tube in a line-enclosed manner.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a prior art energy transmission coupling structure 200 of a staggered-grid traveling wave tube. The coupling structure is a three-branch waveguide coupling structure, and comprises a waveguide branch 210 for electromagnetic wave input and output, wherein the cross section of the branch waveguide is marked with 201; a slow wave structure branch 220; and a traveling-wave tube electron gun or collector side branch 230, the cross-section of which is indicated at 203. The extension directions of the slow wave structure branch and the electron gun or the collector branch are the directions of the electron beam channels, and are also called the axial directions of the traveling wave tube. The input and output waveguides are coupled with the slow-wave structure waveguide through a stepped gradual-change waveguide 221 arranged along the axial direction, so that matching of performance parameters and structure dimensions is achieved. The coupling structure of the input-output waveguide and the electron gun or collector side waveguide includes a plurality of bragg reflectors 231 arranged perpendicular to the electron beam channel for reflecting and isolating the transmission of the input or output electromagnetic waves to the electron gun or collector. As shown in the conventional three-branch waveguide structure, the height of the end surface 201 of the input-output waveguide is larger than that of the waveguide section 203, and is matched with the slow-wave structure waveguide through the tapered waveguide 221.
Ideally, it is desirable to match the electromagnetic wave energy delivery waveguide to the slow wave structure waveguide, while both are isolated from the electron gun or collector structure. For example, the reflective properties of the coupling structure are required: s11,S22<-10 dB; isolation characteristics: s31,S32<-10 dB. To achieve the isolation characteristic, a reflector 231 is provided on the electron gun or collector side. The principle of the reflector is to simulate an open circuit load of a transmission line to form an equivalent electrical boundary, thereby realizing total reflection of electromagnetic wave signals. However, the single-stage reflective isolator generally cannot satisfy the isolation characteristic and also have the matching characteristic, that is, it is ensured that the signal from the slow wave structure side is transmitted along the energy transmission side after being reflected, and the signal from the energy transmission side is transmitted to the slow wave structure side after being reflected. To this end, it is common practice to employ a multi-stage reflector arrangement, such as a plurality of bragg reflectors as shown in fig. 2. This results in an increase in the length of the circuit. Therefore, the prior art energy transmission coupling structure has the problems of overlarge axial length and complex structure.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an energy transmission coupling structure 300 of a staggered-grid traveling wave tube according to a first embodiment of the invention. The coupling structure is a three-branch waveguide coupling structure, and comprises a waveguide branch 310 for electromagnetic wave input and output, wherein the waveguide section of the waveguide branch is denoted by 301; a slow wave structure branch 320, the waveguide cross-section of which is indicated at 302; and a traveling-tube electron gun or collector-side waveguide branch 330, the waveguide cross-section of which is indicated at 303. The extension directions of the slow wave structure branch and the electron gun or the collector branch are the directions of the electron beam channels. The coupling structure 300 has the same height in the three branches and is provided with ridge loading 311 in the height direction in the interaction area of the three branches. The ridge loading can be a raised circular ridge, or can be ridge loading with other shapes, and can be integrally formed with the side waveguide. By setting the ridge loading, the dielectric frequency of the waveguide can be lowered, thereby improving the transmission matching characteristics of the energy transmission branch and the slow wave structure branch. Preferably, the center of the ridge loading is positioned on the middle line of the wide side of the energy transmission waveguide and positioned on the side of the energy transmission waveguide. The height of the ridge loading is preferably 10-30% of the height of the coupling structure. The size and the number of ridge loads can be determined according to the performance parameter design of the isolation coupling structure, so that the dual improvement of the matching effect and the isolation effect is achieved. The ridge waveguide is arranged in the energy transmission waveguide of the coupling structure, so that a gradual change waveguide structure between the energy transmission waveguide and the slow wave structure in the prior art can be omitted, and the axial size of the coupling structure is remarkably reduced.
To further improve the reflection, isolation characteristics, the coupling structure according to the invention is provided with a reflector structure on the electron gun or collector side. Because the ridge waveguide in the energy transmission waveguide of the present invention serves as an isolation for electromagnetic waves, only one reflector can be used if necessary, which further reduces the axial dimension of the coupling structure of the present invention.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided an energy-transfer coupling structure with tunable matching performance. Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of an energy transmission coupling structure according to a second embodiment of the invention. As shown in the figure, the coupling structure is formed with a ridge hole and a tuning pin matched with the ridge hole in the width direction of the energy transmission waveguide. When the coupling structure is assembled, the depth of the tuning nail in the waveguide is adjusted, and the matching and isolation performance of the coupling structure is tuned, so that errors and characteristic changes introduced in the circuit processing, assembling and welding processes are overcome, and the obtained coupling structure meets the design requirements. And after the height of the tuning nail is determined, welding and fixing the tuning nail to obtain the tuned energy transmission coupling structure.
According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an interleaved grating traveling wave tube including an electron gun, an input coupling structure, a high frequency system, an output coupling structure, and a collector, and a magnetic focusing system. The input coupling structure and the output coupling structure are respectively the energy transmission coupling structure. The three-branch waveguide of the input coupling structure is respectively coupled with the electron gun and the electromagnetic wave input waveguide and is directly coupled with the staggered grid slow wave structure. The three-branch waveguide of the output coupling structure is respectively coupled with the collector and the electromagnetic wave output waveguide and is directly coupled with the slow wave structure of the high-frequency system. The input coupling structure and the output coupling structure of the traveling wave tube are H-plane coupling structures, and microwaves are input and output in parallel to the plane of the magnetic focusing system respectively.
The structure and performance effects according to the present invention will be specifically described below taking as an example an input coupling structure applied to an electromagnetic wave input waveguide, an electron gun, and a slow wave structure.
Example 1
The coupling structure according to example 1 of the present invention is shown in fig. 3 as a three-branch coupler including an input waveguide branch 310, a slow wave structure branch 320 and an electron gun branch 330. The dimensions of the coupling structure in the waveguide cross-section of the three branches are 0.78mm and 0.35mm in width a and height b, respectively, 0.37mm in diameter R for ridge loading and 0.07mm in height dh, as shown in figure 4, centred on the centre line of the width of the input branch, adjacent to the input waveguide side. The input coupler of this example, for example, employs a two-piece structure in which cylindrical ridge loading is integrally formed on one of the waveguides to ensure accuracy. The coupling structure is provided with a bragg reflector at one side of the electron gun. The dimension between the central line of the width of the input waveguide and the entrance of the slow wave structure is 1.28mm, which is 2.5 times of the period length of the slow wave structure, namely 0.51 mm. The input waveguide and the slow wave structure coupling portion have a curved configuration. The performance of example 1 was simulated using electromagnetic simulation software CST. The results shown in FIG. 7 were obtained. Wherein the curve of S11_ a represents the matching characteristic, i.e. the reflection characteristic when power is fed from the waveguide port, and the reflection is less than-20 dB in the frequency range of 210GHz and 230 GHz; s21_ a represents the transmission characteristic of power, the value of the transmission characteristic is better as being closer to zero, and the fed power is almost transmitted to the direction of a slow wave structure; the S31_ a curve represents the isolation characteristics on the gun side.
Comparative example 1
Unlike example 1, the coupling structure of this comparative example is the same as that of example 1 except that no ridge loading is formed. The matching parameters and isolation parameters of example 1 were simulated using CST software to obtain the results shown as curve S11_ b in fig. 7. By comparison with S11_ a, it can be seen that the matching characteristic is significantly worse without ridge loading. In other words, ridge loading significantly improves the matching characteristics of a conventional three-branch waveguide.
Comparative example 2
The coupling structure of comparative example 2 has the same frequency band as example 1. Unlike example 1, the coupling structure does not form a ridge loading, but two step transition waveguides towards the slow wave structure are provided between the input waveguide and the slow wave structure, as shown in fig. 5. According to the published reports, the lengths of the two-stage transition waveguide are respectively as follows in the same frequency band as the invention: ls1＝0.6mm，ls2The period length of the slow wave structure is 0.51mm which is 1.2mm, so the length of the two-stage transition waveguide is equivalent to 3.6 slow wave structure periods. It should be noted that, in the case of using transition waveguides in both the input and output coupling structures of the traveling wave tube, the traveling wave tube exceeds 7 slow-wave structure periods only in the step transition section.
Compared with a structure adopting a multi-step transition waveguide, the method for adding the load in the input waveguide structure in situ does not increase the length of the coupling structure, and keeps the compactness of the structure. In addition, the ridge loading has good parameter adjustment characteristics, so that the performance requirement can be met by adopting a single-section reflection isolator, and the length of the coupler is further shortened. It can be seen that the coupling structure according to an example of the present invention matches the characteristic S in the range of 210GHz to 230GHz11,S22<-20dB, with isolation<-10 dB. Completely meets the practical requirements.
Example 2
The coupling structure according to example 2 of the present invention is a three-branch waveguide coupler including an input waveguide branch, a slow wave structure branch and an electron gun branch, as shown in fig. 6. The input coupler of this example still uses a two-piece structure in actual fabrication, but unlike the way of directly machining the convex spine in example 1, a through hole is made in one of the waveguides in accordance with the loading diameter of the spine, and a tuning pin is machined in cooperation with the through hole. In the test, the two pieces of waveguide were first clamped by a mold, and the matching characteristics of the coupler were modified by adjusting the insertion depth of the tuning pin. The tuning pin is inserted into the waveguide to a depth of between 0.05mm and 0.1 mm. The depth variation within this precision range can be controlled by an external precision tuning assembly. After the requirements are met, the pin is fixed, and the two circuits are welded into a whole.
It can be seen that the tunable coupling structure according to the present invention allows the matching characteristics to be adjusted by changing the height of the ridge loading without changing the size and shape. This adds an effective fine-tuning mechanism to the actual coupling structure that compensates for the poor matching performance caused by the machining, assembly and welding processes.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications may be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An energy transmission coupling structure for a staggered grid traveling wave tube, which is characterized by comprising
A three-branch waveguide coupling structure including first and second branches arranged along an electron beam traveling direction and a third branch for microwave transmission; and
at least one ridge disposed in the third branch waveguide in the direction of the height of the waveguide is loaded,
wherein each branch waveguide has the same height, and the ridge loading height is 10-30% of the waveguide height.
2. The energy delivery coupling structure of claim 1, wherein the at least one ridge loading is disposed proximate to a triple-branch waveguide junction.
3. The energy delivery coupling structure of claim 1, wherein the at least one ridge loading is symmetrically disposed about a third branch waveguide width centerline.
4. The energy delivery coupling structure of claim 1, wherein the coupling structure is an input coupling structure, further comprising a reflector branched at the electron gun side of the traveling wave tube.
5. The energy delivery coupling structure of claim 1, wherein the coupling structure is an output coupling structure, further comprising a reflector disposed on a collector side branch of the traveling wave tube.
6. The energy delivery coupling structure of claim 4 or 5, wherein the coupling structure is designed to couple directly to a traveling wave tube slow wave structure waveguide.
7. The energy delivery coupling structure of claim 1, wherein the ridge loading is integrally formed with the waveguide.
8. The energy delivery coupling structure of claim 1, wherein the ridge loading is a tuning peg adjustably positioned in the coupling structure by a through hole provided on the broad side of the waveguide.
9. A staggered grid traveling wave tube, which comprises an electron gun, an input coupling structure, a high-frequency system, an output coupling structure and a collector, and is characterized in that the input coupling structure and the output coupling structure are the energy transmission coupling structure according to claim 1, and the input coupling structure and the output coupling structure are respectively directly coupled with a slow wave structure of the high-frequency system.
10. The interleaved grid traveling wave tube according to claim 9 further comprising a magnetic focusing system, wherein the microwaves of the input coupling structure and the microwaves of the output coupling structure are input and output respectively parallel to the plane of the magnetic focusing system.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011617552.9A CN112820610B (en) | 2020-12-30 | Energy transmission coupling structure for band-shaped injection staggered grid traveling wave tube |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011617552.9A CN112820610B (en) | 2020-12-30 | Energy transmission coupling structure for band-shaped injection staggered grid traveling wave tube |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112820610A true CN112820610A (en) | 2021-05-18 |
| CN112820610B CN112820610B (en) | 2024-08-02 |
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| CN114899066A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-08-12 | 电子科技大学 | Four-ribbon slow wave structure with trapezoidal lines and application thereof |
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| CN114899066A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-08-12 | 电子科技大学 | Four-ribbon slow wave structure with trapezoidal lines and application thereof |
| CN114899066B (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-04-07 | 电子科技大学 | Four-ribbon slow wave structure with trapezoidal lines and application thereof |
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