CN112817579A - Material reducing numerical control program generation method for high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing - Google Patents
Material reducing numerical control program generation method for high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a material reducing numerical control program generating method for high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing, which belongs to the technical field of advanced manufacturing and comprises the following steps: (1) preprocessing a material reduction processing model of the metal part; (2) slicing a material reduction processing model of the metal part; (3) generating a single-layer numerical control program based on the slicing characteristics of the material reduction processing model; (4) recording a bottom layer operation source code generated by a single-layer numerical control program and circularly rewriting; (5) and generating a numerical control program of the material reducing processing model of the complete metal part. According to the method, special software does not need to be developed, and a material reducing numerical control program for high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing of any metal part can be generated only by means of conventional computer aided design/manufacturing software, common programming languages and encoders, so that the method is low in cost, high in efficiency and flexible in application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of advanced manufacturing, and particularly relates to a material reducing numerical control program generation method for high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing.
Background
Compared with the traditional manufacturing processes of material reduction machining (machining) and material waiting machining (forging, casting and welding), the additive manufacturing process has the characteristics of short process design period, strong material applicability, high raw material utilization rate, capability of forming complex parts and the like, and has raised an all-round scientific and technological revolution in recent years, and the manufacturing industry is taken as a new growth point of industrial development by strong countries.
The high-energy beam additive manufacturing technology of high-performance metal parts is an important development direction in the field of additive manufacturing, adopts laser beams/electron beams to quickly melt metal powder and solidify and accumulate the metal powder, can quickly realize the mould-free and free near-net forming of complex metal parts, and has wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace, national defense and the like. According to different material filling methods, high-energy beam additive manufacturing technologies for high-performance metal parts can be classified into pre-powder-spreading additive manufacturing technologies represented by selective laser melting, selective electron beam melting and the like, and synchronous feeding additive manufacturing technologies represented by laser melting deposition, selective electron beam melting deposition, laser melting formation and the like.
Before the high-energy beam additive manufacturing of the metal part is carried out, the "additive manufacturing" model is generally required to be subjected to uniform slicing treatment along the XY plane by a certain thickness (the thickness is generally defined as the thickness of the additive manufacturing layer) in slicing software, the "additive manufacturing" model is divided into a plurality of layers of slicing models with uniform thicknesses, and finally the slicing models are introduced into high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment software to control the high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment to form n layers (generally defined as the number of layers of additive manufacturing) of the slicing models from bottom to top layer by layer in the Z direction (the direction is generally defined as the additive manufacturing direction) perpendicular to the XY plane, so that the high-energy beam additive manufacturing of the metal part to be processed is realized.
Compared with the traditional material reducing processing technology, the high-energy beam additive manufacturing technology has low forming precision, and related products generally need to be subjected to subsequent machining before being put into use. For large parts with complex structures, subsequent machining is difficult, long in time consumption and even difficult to perform, so that popularization and application of the high-energy beam additive manufacturing technology are hindered to a great extent. In response to this situation, a new type of rapid direct forming technology, high energy beam additive subtractive composite manufacturing technology, has recently been proposed.
The technology combines high-energy beam additive manufacturing equipment with a traditional material-reducing numerical control machine tool, in the process of layer-by-layer high-energy beam additive manufacturing of the metal part, the numerical control machine tool is used for reducing the material of a formed area with higher requirement on machining precision, and the metal part with high dimensional precision, controllable surface quality, compact structure and excellent performance is directly obtained by timely and alternately performing two procedures of material increasing and material reducing. Corresponding material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing equipment is developed by Kawasaki Macake company and Saideck company, Germany Delagi company and ELB grinder company, and many enterprises and universities in China based on different high-energy beam material increasing and manufacturing technologies, and part of the equipment is successfully commercialized and applied.
For the high-energy beam additive and subtractive composite manufacturing technology, since subtractive processing needs to be matched with a bottom-up processing strategy of additive manufacturing (i.e. subtractive processing needs to be processed from the bottom layer to the top layer of a metal part along the additive manufacturing direction), and an additive and subtractive composite processing effect of increasing and decreasing at a local processing height needs to be realized according to the precision requirement of a key area of the metal part (i.e. after one or more layers of high-energy beam additive manufacturing are carried out on a formed area with higher precision requirement, subtractive processing is timely carried out), developing a subtractive numerical control program suitable for generating any formed part is a research difficulty in the field.
The five-axis machine tool and the matched numerical control system have strong structural adaptability to metal parts, but due to the working characteristics of inclination/turnover of cutters (parts), the five-axis machine tool is difficult to be used for additive and material-reducing composite manufacturing equipment based on pre-powder-laying type high-energy beam additive manufacturing, and has high development cost and long pretreatment time. Three-axis machines and their associated numerical control systems are generally based on a "top-down" machining strategy for metal part blanks (i.e., subtractive machining is performed from the top layer to the bottom layer of a metal part along the opposite direction of additive manufacturing). When the method is applied to the additive and material reducing composite manufacturing equipment, only simple processes of increasing and then reducing, such as simple drilling and end face milling, contour milling without reverse-buckling characteristic parts and the like, can be realized (namely, after the high-energy beam additive manufacturing of the whole metal part is completed, material reducing processing is performed on a key area), and the 'increasing and decreasing' processing of parts with complex structures, such as an inner runner, a special-shaped curved surface and the like, is difficult to complete.
In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide a universal method for generating a material-reducing numerical control program for high-energy beam additive-material-reducing composite manufacturing, which can achieve high-efficiency, high-precision, and high-performance additive-material-reducing composite manufacturing of any metal component.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a material reducing numerical control program generation method suitable for high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing of any metal part, and aims to realize high-quality, high-efficiency, low-cost and high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing of any metal part.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a material reducing numerical control program generating method for high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps of preprocessing a material reducing machining model of the metal part, wherein the preprocessing of the material reducing machining model of the metal part refers to the steps of creating or importing a three-dimensional model of the metal part to be subjected to material reducing machining based on computer aided design/manufacturing software, checking the curved surface characteristics and the overall size of the metal part, keeping the spatial position and the placing mode of the metal part model consistent with the machining state in an actual material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing system,
(2) slicing a material reduction processing model of the metal part,
(3) generating a single-layer numerical control program according to the slicing characteristics of the material reducing processing model,
(4) recording the bottom layer operation source code generated by the single-layer numerical control program and circularly rewriting to obtain the bottom layer operation source code corresponding to a plurality of continuous slices,
(5) and generating a complete material reduction machining model numerical control program of the metal part according to the bottom layer operation source codes corresponding to the plurality of slices.
Further, in the step (2), the processing of the material reduction processing model of the metal part by slicing specifically comprises:
in the computer aided design/manufacturing software, firstly, an XY plane perpendicular to the Z direction of the additive manufacturing direction is created as a reference plane, an entity is picked up as an object to be segmented according to an entity-reference plane intersection algorithm, namely, a segmentation instruction of the computer aided design/manufacturing software is utilized, the reference plane is picked up as a segmentation plane, and a metal part to be machined is segmented into two entities along the reference plane by a material reduction machining model. After the division is finished, one entity is selected, the intersecting characteristic of the entity and the reference plane is picked up to be stretched, the stretching direction is opposite to the Z direction of the additive manufacturing direction, the stretching thickness is equal to the thickness of the additive manufactured layer, a single-layer entity matched with the additive manufacturing process is formed, the single-layer entity is used as a material reduction processing model slice, the material reduction processing model slice processing of the metal part is finished,
further, in the step (3), generating a single-layer numerical control program according to the slicing characteristics of the material reduction processing model specifically comprises:
firstly, selecting a corresponding processing instruction according to the precision requirements and the processing requirements of different parts of a metal part to be processed, picking up the characteristics of a single-layer model, setting the corresponding main shaft rotating speed, the corresponding feed rate and the corresponding processing path, and automatically generating a processing tool path of the single-layer model by using computer aided design/manufacturing software;
and then, converting the cutter path file into a numerical control machining program file by using a post processor matched with computer aided design/manufacturing software, and generating a single-layer model material reduction numerical control program called by the numerical control system.
Further, the specific step of obtaining the bottom layer source code in the step (4) comprises: firstly, the following adaptive change processes are recorded in sequence by using computer aided design/manufacturing software: the current single-layer model numerical control machining program generation → the reference plane position change → the solid-reference plane intersection feature change → the new single-layer model numerical control program generation,
and then, recording the bottom layer source code generated in the self-adaptive change process by adopting computer aided design/manufacturing software, exporting the bottom layer source code by using a programming language, and modifying the imported bottom layer source code based on an open source code editor.
Further, in the step (4), the circularly rewriting of the bottom source code specifically includes:
firstly, setting an initial height value of a single-layer model as a layer thickness for additive manufacturing through an H ← ply sentence, wherein H represents the height value of the single-layer model, ply is a character used for describing the object characteristics of a polygonal geometric model in a programming language, and represents the layer thickness for additive manufacturing,
then, i-cycles are added for a fixed variation of one layer thickness for additive manufacturing with respect to the single layer model height value H: h ← ply × (i +1), wherein i is the number of cycles, and the cycle starts from 0, and the single-layer model is positioned at the bottom end of the original material reduction processing model; and when the cycle number of i is equal to the additive manufacturing layer number n, ending the cycle, and positioning the single-layer model at the top end of the original material reducing processing model so as to complete the rewriting of the bottom layer source code program, thereby expanding the single self-adaptive change process recorded by the computer aided design/manufacturing software into a complete self-adaptive change process from the bottom layer to the top layer, wherein n represents the total additive manufacturing layer number of the metal parts.
Further, in the step (5), the specific process of generating the numerical control program of the material reducing processing model of the complete metal part is as follows:
importing the rewritten bottom layer source code file into computer aided design/manufacture software, and playing the following process by the software: the current single-layer model numerical control machining program generation → the reference plane position change → the solid-reference plane intersection feature change → the new single-layer model numerical control program generation,
the single-layer model numerical control program generation in the process is to obtain the material reducing processing model numerical control program of the complete metal parts from bottom to top by starting from the situation that the single-layer model is positioned at the bottom end of the material reducing processing model and circulating to the situation that the single-layer model is positioned at the top end of the material reducing processing model and finishing, and the height change value of the reference plane is fixed to the layer thickness of the material increasing manufacturing.
Further, the computer aided design/manufacturing software includes UG NX, Solidworks, Pro/Engineer and/or Mastercam, and the programming languages include C, C + +, Java, Python, VB; the Code editor comprises VScode, Visual Studio Code and IDEA.
Further, the material reduction numerical control program can be flexibly called based on different processing requirements after being generated, specifically:
1) for metal parts with complex structures (such as inverted buckle characteristics, internal complex flow channels and obvious profile change), after high-energy beam additive manufacturing of a slice model of one or continuous k layers (k is less than or equal to 5) is completed, a material reduction numerical control program of a single-layer model after slicing of one or continuous k layers (k is less than or equal to 5) material reduction processing is correspondingly called, and high-precision material increase and material reduction composite processing manufacturing of ' increasing while reducing ' of a small alternating period ' of the complex metal parts is realized;
2) for the metal parts with simple overall shape or the metal parts with lower precision requirement in partial area, after high-energy beam additive manufacturing of continuous p (p is more than or equal to 10) layers of additive manufacturing slice models is completed, a single-layer model material reduction numerical control program after p (p is more than or equal to 10) layers of material reduction processing slices is correspondingly called, and high-efficiency additive material reduction composite processing manufacturing of increasing and reducing the metal parts with large alternation period of the simple metal parts is realized.
The metal part with a complex structure has the characteristics of back-off, a complex flow channel inside and obvious profile change; the metal part with higher requirement on the precision of the partial area indicates that the partial area of the part has assembly requirements, the part can be normally used only by ensuring higher precision, the requirements on dimensional tolerance and geometric tolerance are high, and the standard tolerance grade is usually IT8 or below. The metal part with the simple overall shape mainly has the characteristics of a regular revolving body and a lath shape, does not have the characteristics of back-off and complex inner flow passages, and has lower material reduction processing difficulty; the metal part with lower requirement on the precision of the partial area refers to that no assembly requirement exists in the partial area of the part, the precision of the part does not influence the normal use of the part, the requirements on dimensional tolerance and geometric tolerance are low, and the standard tolerance grade is usually IT9 or above.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with the existing high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing equipment based on a five-axis numerical control processing system and the material reducing numerical control program generation scheme thereof, the method has stronger adaptability to various high-energy beam material increasing and manufacturing modes, has lower requirements on hardware and software configuration of the composite manufacturing equipment, has simple numerical control pretreatment and lower development cost, and is more suitable for industrial application.
(2) Compared with the existing high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing equipment based on the triaxial numerical control machining system and the material reducing numerical control program generating scheme thereof, the high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing method can realize the high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing of parts which are difficult to machine, such as a complex inner runner structure, a large-size inverted buckle structure, an inner and outer contour variable structure and the like, and also avoid the complex operation and the pressure calculation when the material reducing tool path planning is realized by programming based on space coordinates.
(3) The method comprises a plurality of operation steps of preprocessing a model of material reducing processing, slicing the model of material reducing processing, generating a single-layer model numerical control program, circularly rewriting a bottom layer operation source code generated by the single-layer numerical control program and the like, and is designed and developed based on common computer aided design/manufacturing software and common programming languages and code editors, special software does not need to be additionally developed, and the development can be conveniently expanded according to the change of requirements.
(4) The material reducing numerical control program generated by the invention can be flexibly called according to requirements. For parts or part local areas with lower precision requirements, after high-energy beam additive manufacturing of continuous p (p is more than or equal to 10) layers of 'additive manufacturing' slice models is completed, a material reducing numerical control program of a single-layer model after slicing of corresponding p (p is more than or equal to 10) layers of 'material reducing processing' is continuously called, and high-efficiency material increasing and material reducing composite processing manufacturing of 'increasing and reducing' of a simple metal part with a large alternating period is realized; for parts or part local areas with higher precision requirements, after high-energy beam additive manufacturing of a slice model of one or continuous k layers (k is less than or equal to 5) "additive manufacturing", a material reduction numerical control program of a single-layer model after slicing of one or continuous k layers (k is less than or equal to 5) "material reduction processing" is correspondingly called, and high-precision additive material reduction composite processing manufacturing of a complex metal part with reduced alternation period "increasing and reducing" is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for generating a material-reducing numerical control program for high-energy beam material-increasing and material-reducing composite manufacturing according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a functional flow diagram for performing a circular rewrite for a single-layer numerical control program according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a process strategy for selectively invoking a high-energy beam additive-subtractive composite manufacturing subtractive numerical control program in accordance with part features and accuracy requirements in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of various operation effects generated by slicing a three-dimensional model of a high-temperature alloy stationary blade of a combustion engine and a material reduction numerical control program in an embodiment of the invention, wherein fig. 4(a) in fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of the high-temperature alloy stationary blade, fig. 4(b) is a single-layer model effect diagram obtained by slicing a bottom layer of a material reduction processing model, fig. 4(c) is a single-layer model inner and outer contour milling cutter path effect diagram, fig. 4(d) is a single-layer model contour and cutter path self-adaptive change effect diagram along with movement of a reference surface, and fig. 4(e) -4 (h) are inner and outer contour milling cutter path effect diagrams of single-layer models automatically generated at different positions by the numerical control program;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of various operation effects generated by a commercial aircraft titanium alloy slat structure three-dimensional model by slicing and material reduction numerical control programs in the embodiment of the present invention, where fig. 5(a) in fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a superalloy stationary blade, fig. 5(b) is a single-layer model effect diagram obtained by "material reduction processing" model bottom layer slicing, fig. 5(c) is a single-layer model inner and outer contour milling cutter path effect diagram, fig. 5(d) is a single-layer model contour and cutter path adaptive change effect diagram along with movement of a reference plane, and fig. 5(e) -5 (h) are inner and outer contour milling cutter path effect diagrams of single-layer models automatically generated at different positions by a numerical control program;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of various operation effects generated by slicing and material-reducing numerical control program of a three-dimensional model of a motor stainless steel rear end cover in an embodiment of the invention, fig. 6(a) is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a superalloy stationary blade, fig. 6(b) is a single-layer model effect diagram obtained by "material-reducing processing" of a bottom layer slice of the model, fig. 6(c) is a single-layer model inner and outer contour milling cutter path effect diagram, fig. 6(d) is a single-layer model contour and cutter path adaptive change effect diagram along with movement of a reference surface, and fig. 6(e) -6 (h) are inner and outer contour milling cutter path effect diagrams of the single-layer model automatically generated at different positions by the numerical control program;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of various operation effects generated by slicing and material-reducing numerical control program of a high-strength steel door structure of an aircraft landing gear in an embodiment of the invention, fig. 7(a) in fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a superalloy stationary blade, fig. 7(b) is a single-layer model effect diagram obtained by slicing a bottom layer of a model by material-reducing processing, fig. 7(c) is a single-layer model inner and outer contour milling cutter path effect diagram, fig. 7(d) is a single-layer model contour and cutter path self-adaptive change effect diagram along with movement of a reference surface, and fig. 7(e) -7 (h) are inner and outer contour milling cutter path effect diagrams of the single-layer model automatically generated at different positions by the numerical control program.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for generating a material-reducing numerical control program for high-energy beam additive material-reducing composite manufacturing according to the present invention, which is divided into the following steps, S101: preprocessing a material reduction processing model of the metal part; s102: slicing a 'material reducing processing' model of the metal part; s103: generating a single-layer numerical control program based on the slicing characteristics of the material reduction processing model; s104: recording a bottom layer operation source code generated by a single-layer numerical control program and circularly rewriting; s105: generating a 'material reduction processing' model numerical control program of the complete metal parts,
fig. 2 is a functional flow chart of the present invention for performing loop rewriting on a single-layer numerical control program, and it can be seen from the diagram that the core of the function flow chart is to record the height H of a single-layer model after slicing and set the number of loops, where S201: setting the initial height value of the single-layer model as the layer thickness of additive manufacturing; s202: setting cycle i to start from 0; s203: setting a functional relation between the single-layer model height value and the additive manufacturing layer thickness and the cycle number; s204: adding a cycle i, and setting the cycle number as the additive manufacturing layer number n; s205: setting a circulation criterion, and stopping executing the circulation when the circulation times are more than n; s206: setting output result, finishing circulation, stopping the automatic generation process of the numerical control program,
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a process strategy for selectively invoking a high-energy beam material-increasing and material-reducing composite manufacturing material-reducing numerical control program according to the feature and the precision requirement of a part, which is provided by the present invention, wherein, as can be seen from the figure, for any metal part, the high-energy beam material-increasing and material-reducing composite manufacturing material-reducing numerical control program can be selectively invoked according to the feature to be processed and the precision requirement to be processed, and for a metal part or a local region of the metal part with a simpler structural shape or lower precision to be processed, a "large alternation period" process strategy of increasing first and then reducing second "is adopted, that is, after the high-energy beam material-increasing manufacturing of a continuous p-layer material-increasing manufacturing slice model is completed, the single-layer material-reducing numerical control program after the p-layer material-reducing processing slice is correspondingly invoked, so as to achieve the high-efficiency material-increasing and material-reducing;
for metal parts with complex structural shapes or high precision to be processed or local areas of the metal parts, a 'small alternating period' process strategy of 'increasing first and then decreasing' is adopted, namely after high-energy beam additive manufacturing of one layer or continuous k layers of additive manufacturing slice models is completed, a material decreasing numerical control program of a single layer model after one layer or continuous k layers of material decreasing processing slices is correspondingly called to realize high-precision additive material decreasing composite processing and manufacturing of the metal parts, wherein k is less than or equal to 5,
the metal parts with simpler structural shapes refer to parts mainly characterized by regular revolving bodies and lath-shaped characteristics, such as machine tool spindles (mainly characterized by revolving bodies), clamp supports (mainly characterized by lath-shaped characteristics), vertical bearings with seats (mainly characterized by lath-shaped characteristics), and the like; the metal parts with lower processing precision requirement mean that the parts have no assembly requirement with other parts in the using process, the normal use of the parts is not influenced by the precision, the requirements on dimensional tolerance and geometric tolerance are low, the standard tolerance grade is usually IT9 or above,
the metal parts with complex structural shapes refer to parts with inverse buckling characteristics, internal complex flow channels and obvious profile changes, such as stationary blades of a combustion engine (with obvious profile changes, with inverse buckling characteristics), automobile transmission case covers (with obvious profile changes), porous structures (with internal complex flow channels) and the like; the metal parts with higher machining precision requirements are required to be assembled with other parts in the using process, the precision has great influence on the normal use of the parts, the requirements on dimensional tolerance and geometric tolerance are high, and the standard tolerance grade is usually below IT 8.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a material reducing numerical control program generating method for high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing based on a selective laser melting process, and a processing object is a high-temperature alloy stationary blade of a combustion engine. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation effects of slicing the three-dimensional model of the high-temperature alloy stator blade of the combustion engine and generating the numerical control program for material reduction in the embodiment of the invention, and the diagram shows that:
the concrete process of the material reducing numerical control program generation is as follows: (1) preprocessing a 'material reduction processing' model of the metal part: creating a three-dimensional model of the high-temperature alloy stationary blade of the combustion engine based on UG and NX software, wherein the three-dimensional model is shown in FIG. 4(a), and the large end face at the bottom of the model is placed in the XOY plane of the software in the center, so that the position of the model is consistent with the position of a part in the actual material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing process; (2) the 'material reduction processing' model slicing treatment of the metal parts: slicing the three-dimensional model of the high-temperature alloy stationary blade of the fuel engine, and creating a datum plane by shifting 0.5mm along the additive manufacturing direction Z based on an XOY plane; based on an entity-surface intersection algorithm, a reference plane is utilized to divide a high-temperature alloy stator blade model of the gas turbine into two entities on a plane with a Z value of 0.5mm, curve characteristics of the divided surfaces of the entities are picked up, and the curve characteristics are stretched by 0.5mm along the direction opposite to the additive manufacturing direction Z to form a new entity; hiding two entities formed by segmenting the high-temperature alloy stator blade model of the gas turbine, and only reserving a new entity formed by stretching as shown in fig. 4(b), namely a single-layer model obtained by slicing the high-temperature alloy stator blade of the gas turbine; (3) generating a single-layer numerical control program based on the slicing characteristics of the 'material reduction processing' model: generating an internal and external contour milling numerical control program for a single-layer model obtained after the slicing treatment of the high-temperature alloy stator blade of the combustion engine, wherein the sliced single-layer model shown in fig. 4(b) keeps the same contour characteristics at the top and the bottom along the additive manufacturing direction Z, and the generation method of the numerical control program is the same as that of a part in a traditional three-axis numerical control system; in a CAM module of UG.NX software, selecting an inner and outer contour curve of a single-layer model, and setting processing parameters such as a main shaft rotating speed, a feeding speed, a back cutting amount and the like to generate a single-layer model numerical control program after the high-temperature alloy stator blade part of the combustion engine is sliced, wherein a processing track of the single-layer model when the single-layer model executes the numerical control program is shown in a figure 4 (c); (4) recording a bottom layer operation source code generated by a single-layer model numerical control program and circularly rewriting: after the single-layer model numerical control program is generated, the datum plane is jumped from the Z value of 0.5mm to any other height (in the example, the Z value is 100mm), because the computer aided design/manufacturing software has a self-adaptive change function, the position change of the datum plane can cause the change of the solid segmentation surface, the single-layer model formed by stretching the segmentation surface features can also be self-adaptively changed, the processing track of the numerical control program is refreshed, and the effect is shown in fig. 4 (d); recording the change process by using the recording function of the computer aided design/manufacturing software, and exporting the change process by using Python language, setting the thickness of the slice model to be equal to the thickness of the additive manufacturing layer in a code editor VScode, wherein the program statement is ply which is 0.5, and adding a loop statement: for i in range (n), the variation process is circulated from the bottom end to the top end of the high-temperature alloy stator blade model of the gas turbine, and n takes a value of 400, so that a source code of the complete variation process of the numerical control program of the single-layer model from the bottom layer to the top layer after slicing is obtained; (5) generating a 'material reduction processing' model numerical control program of the complete metal part: the source code of the process is re-introduced into the computer aided design/manufacturing software and played, the software automatically generates the numerical control machining program from the 1 st layer to the 400 th layer and the corresponding machining track, and fig. 4(e) -4 (h) are schematic diagrams of the automatic generation of the single-layer model numerical control machining track after different slicing times when the cycle times i are 1, 50, 200 and 300 respectively.
Because the machining precision requirement of the high-temperature alloy stationary blade of the gas turbine is high, in the high-energy beam additive material-reducing composite manufacturing process, the selective calling of the material-reducing numerical control program needs to follow a 'side-increasing and side-reducing' process strategy of a 'small alternating period', the alternating period can be selected from 1-5 layers, namely after the laser selective melting high-energy beam additive manufacturing of a one-layer or continuous k-layer (k is less than or equal to 5) blade 'additive manufacturing' slicing model is completed, the material-reducing numerical control program of a single-layer model after the one-layer or continuous k-layer (k is less than or equal to 5) high-temperature alloy stationary blade 'material-reducing processing' slicing is correspondingly called, and therefore the high-precision material-increasing and material-reducing composite manufacturing of the high-temperature.
Example 2:
the embodiment 2 provides a material reduction numerical control program generation method for high-energy beam additive material reduction composite manufacturing based on laser melting deposition, and a processing object is a titanium alloy slat structure of a commercial aircraft. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of various operation effects generated by slicing and material reduction numerical control programs of a three-dimensional model of a titanium alloy slat structure of a commercial aircraft in the embodiment of the present invention, and it can be known from the diagram that:
the concrete process of the material reducing numerical control program generation is as follows: (1) preprocessing a 'material reduction processing' model of the metal part: creating a three-dimensional model of a titanium alloy slat structure of the commercial aircraft shown in fig. 5(a) based on Pro.E software, placing the geometric center of the bottom of the model at the original point position of an XOY plane of the software, and keeping the position and the placing direction of the model consistent with the position and the direction of a part in the actual material increasing and material reducing composite manufacturing process; (2) the 'material reduction processing' model slicing treatment of the metal parts: slicing a three-dimensional model of a commercial aircraft titanium alloy slat structure, and creating a datum plane by shifting 0.5mm along the additive manufacturing direction Z based on an XOY plane; based on an entity-surface intersection algorithm, a reference plane is utilized to divide a commercial aircraft titanium alloy slat structure model into two entities on a plane with a Z value of 0.5mm, curve characteristics of the divided surfaces of the entities are picked up, and the entities are stretched by 0.5mm along the direction opposite to the additive manufacturing direction Z to form a new entity; hiding two entities obtained after the commercial aircraft titanium alloy slat structure model is divided, and only keeping a new entity formed by stretching shown in fig. 5(b), namely a single-layer model obtained after slicing the commercial aircraft titanium alloy slat structure; (3) generating a single-layer numerical control program based on the slicing characteristics of the 'material reduction processing' model: generating an inner and outer contour milling numerical control program for a sliced single-layer model of a titanium alloy slat structure of a commercial aircraft, wherein the sliced single-layer model shown in fig. 5(b) keeps the same contour characteristics at the top and the bottom along a forming direction Z, and the generation method of the numerical control program is the same as that of a part in a traditional three-axis numerical control system; in a CAM module of Pro.E software, selecting an inner and outer contour curve of the single-layer model, setting appropriate machining parameters such as the rotating speed of a main shaft, the feeding speed, the back cutting amount and the like, and generating a numerical control program of the single-layer model after the commercial aircraft titanium alloy slat structure is sliced, wherein a machining track of the single-layer model after the commercial aircraft titanium alloy slat structure is sliced when the numerical control program is executed is shown in a figure 5 (c); (4) recording a bottom layer operation source code generated by a single-layer model numerical control program and circularly rewriting: after the single-layer model numerical control program is generated, the datum plane is jumped from the Z value of 0.5mm to any other height (in the example, the Z value is 800mm), because the computer aided design/manufacturing software has a self-adaptive change function, the position change of the datum plane can cause the change of the solid segmentation surface, the single-layer model formed by stretching the segmentation surface features can also be self-adaptively changed, the processing track of the numerical control program is refreshed, and the effect is shown in fig. 5 (d); recording the change process by using the recording function of computer aided design/manufacture software, and exporting the change process by using C language; in the code editor visual Studio, the slice model thickness is set equal to the layer thickness for additive manufacturing, the program statement is ply ═ 0.5, while adding the loop statement: for i in range (n), circulating the change process from the bottom end to the top end of the titanium alloy slat structure model of the commercial aircraft, wherein n takes 2500 values, and thus obtaining a source code of a complete change process of a single-layer model numerical control program from the bottom layer to the top layer; (5) generating a 'material reduction processing' model numerical control program of the complete metal part: the source code of the process is re-introduced into the computer aided design/manufacturing software and played, the software automatically generates the numerical control machining program and the corresponding machining track from the 1 st layer to the 2500 th layer, and fig. 5(e) -5 (h) are schematic diagrams of the automatic generation of the single-layer model numerical control machining track after different slicing times when the cycle times i are 1, 200, 1000 and 2000, respectively.
The commercial aircraft titanium alloy slat structure has small characteristic change from bottom to top, complex structures such as no back-off characteristic and the like, and the processing difficulty is low, in the high-energy beam additive and subtractive composite manufacturing process, the selective calling of the subtractive numerical control program can follow a 'side-increasing and side-decreasing' process strategy of a 'large alternation period', 10-20 layers can be selected in the alternation period, namely after the high-energy beam additive manufacturing of a 'additive manufacturing' slice model of a continuous p (p is more than or equal to 10) layer commercial aircraft titanium alloy slat structure is completed, the 'subtractive processing' slicing single-layer model subtractive numerical control program of the p (p is more than or equal to 10) layer commercial aircraft titanium alloy slat structure is correspondingly called, and the high-efficiency additive and subtractive composite processing manufacturing of the commercial aircraft titanium alloy slat structure is realized.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a material reducing numerical control program generating method for high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing based on an electron beam selective melting process, wherein a processing object is a stainless steel rear end cover of a motor. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of various operation effects generated by slicing and material reduction numerical control program of the three-dimensional model of the stainless steel rear end cover of the motor in the embodiment of the invention, and it can be known from the diagram that:
the concrete process of the material reducing numerical control program generation is as follows: (1) preprocessing a 'material reduction processing' model of the metal part: establishing a three-dimensional model of the stainless steel rear end cover of the motor shown in the figure 6(a) based on Solidworks software, placing the geometric center of the bottom end face of the model at the original point position of an XOY plane of the software, and keeping the position and the placing direction of the model consistent with the position and the direction of parts in the actual material increasing and material reducing composite manufacturing process; (2) the 'material reduction processing' model slicing treatment of the metal parts: slicing a three-dimensional model of the stainless steel rear end cover of the motor, and creating a reference plane by shifting 0.5mm along the additive manufacturing direction Z based on an XOY plane; based on an entity-surface intersection algorithm, a standard plane is utilized to divide a motor stainless steel rear end cover model into two entities on a plane with a Z value of 0.5mm, curve characteristics of the divided surfaces of the entities are picked up, and the entities are stretched by 0.5mm along the direction opposite to the material increase manufacturing direction Z to form a new entity; hiding two entities formed after the motor stainless steel rear end cover model is divided, and only keeping a new entity formed by stretching as shown in fig. 6(b), namely a single-layer model obtained after slicing the motor stainless steel rear end cover; (3) generating a single-layer numerical control program based on the slicing characteristics of the 'material reduction processing' model: FIG. 6(b) shows that the sliced single layer model maintains the same profile features at the top and bottom along the forming direction Z, and the NC program generation method is the same as that of the part in the conventional three-axis NC system; in a Solidworks software CAM module, an inner and outer contour curve of a single-layer slicing model is selected, and appropriate machining parameters such as a spindle rotating speed, a feeding speed, a back cutting amount and the like are set, so that a numerical control program of the single-layer model after the slicing of the stainless steel rear end cover of the motor can be generated, and a machining track of the single-layer model after the slicing of the stainless steel rear end cover of the motor when the numerical control program is executed by the single-layer model is shown in FIG. 6 (c); (4) recording a bottom layer operation source code generated by a single-layer model numerical control program and circularly rewriting: after the single-layer model numerical control program is generated, the datum plane is jumped from the Z value of 0.5mm to any other height (in the example, the Z value is 30mm), because the computer aided design/manufacturing software has a self-adaptive change function, the position change of the datum plane can cause the change of the solid segmentation surface, the single-layer model formed by stretching the segmentation surface features can also be self-adaptively changed, the processing track of the numerical control program is refreshed, and the effect is shown in fig. 6 (d); recording the change process by utilizing the recording function of computer aided design/manufacture software, and exporting the change process by using C + + language; in the Code editor Visual Studio Code, the single layer model thickness is set equal to the additive manufacturing layer thickness, the program statement is ply ═ 0.5, and a loop statement is added: for i in range (n), the change process is circulated from the bottom end to the top end of the stainless steel rear end cover model of the motor, and n takes the value of 250, so that the source code of the complete change process of the slice model numerical control program from the bottom layer to the top layer is obtained; (5) generating a 'material reduction processing' model numerical control program of the complete metal part: the source code of the process is re-introduced into the computer aided design/manufacturing software and played, the software automatically generates the numerical control machining program from the 1 st layer to the 250 th layer and the corresponding machining track, and fig. 6(e) -6 (h) are schematic diagrams of the automatic generation of the single-layer model numerical control machining track after different slicing times when the cycle times i are 1, 50, 100 and 200 respectively.
The stainless steel rear end cover of the motor has large characteristic change from bottom to top, simple bottom and top characteristics and complex structure of the middle area. In the process of high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing of the bottom and the top, selective calling of a material reducing numerical control program can follow a process strategy of increasing and reducing materials at the same time of a large alternating period, and the alternating period can be 10-20 layers, namely after high-energy beam material increasing manufacturing of a continuous p (p is more than or equal to 10) layer motor rear end cover material increasing manufacturing slicing model is completed, the p (p is more than or equal to 10) layer motor rear end cover material reducing processing slicing single-layer model material reducing numerical control program is correspondingly called, and high-efficiency material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing of the bottom and top structures of the motor stainless steel rear end cover is realized. And selective calling of the material reducing processing numerical control program of the middle area structure needs to follow a process strategy of 'increasing and decreasing edges' with a 'small alternating period', wherein 1-5 layers can be selected for the alternating period, namely after high-energy beam material increasing manufacturing of a slicing model of one layer or continuous k layers (k is less than or equal to 5) of motor stainless steel rear end cover 'material reducing processing' is completed, the material reducing numerical control program of a single-layer model of the sliced motor stainless steel rear end cover 'material reducing processing' with one layer or continuous k layers (k is less than or equal to 5) is correspondingly called, and high-precision material increasing and reducing composite processing manufacturing of the middle area structure of the motor stainless steel rear end cover is realized.
Example 4:
this embodiment 4 provides a method for generating a material-reducing numerical control program for high-energy beam additive material-reducing composite manufacturing based on electron beam fuse deposition, where a processing object is a high-strength steel door structure of an aircraft landing gear. Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the operation effects generated by slicing and material reduction numerical control program of the high-strength steel door structure of the landing gear in the embodiment of the present invention, and it can be known from the figure that:
the concrete process of generating the material increasing and reducing numerical control program is as follows: (1) preprocessing a 'material reduction processing' model of the metal part: creating a three-dimensional model of the high-strength steel cabin door structure of the aircraft landing gear shown in the figure 7(a) based on Autodesk Inventor software, placing the geometric center of the bottom end face of the model at the original point position of the XOY plane of the software, and keeping the position and the placing direction of the model consistent with the position and the direction of a part in the actual material-increasing and material-reducing composite manufacturing process; (2) the 'material reduction processing' model slicing treatment of the metal parts: slicing the three-dimensional model of the high-strength steel cabin door structure of the aircraft landing gear, and creating a datum plane by offsetting 0.5mm along the additive manufacturing direction Z based on an XOY plane; based on an entity-plane intersection algorithm, a structural model of the high-strength steel cabin door of the landing gear is divided into two entities on a plane with the Z value of 0.5mm by using a reference plane, curve characteristics of the divided surfaces of the entities are picked up, and the entities are stretched by 0.5mm along the direction opposite to the material increase manufacturing direction Z to form new entities; hiding two entities after the structural model of the high-strength steel door of the landing gear of the airplane is divided, and only keeping a new entity formed by stretching shown in the figure 7(b), namely a single-layer model after slicing the high-strength steel door structure of the landing gear of the airplane; (3) generating a single-layer numerical control program based on the slicing characteristics of the 'material reduction processing' model: generating an internal and external contour milling numerical control program of the sliced single-layer model of the high-strength steel cabin door structure of the landing gear, wherein the sliced single-layer model shown in the figure 7(b) keeps the same contour characteristics at the top and the bottom along the forming direction Z, and the generation method of the numerical control program is the same as that of a part in a traditional three-axis numerical control system; selecting an inner contour curve and an outer contour curve of the sliced single-layer model in Mastercam software, and setting appropriate machining parameters such as spindle rotating speed, feeding speed, back tool depth and the like to generate a numerical control program of the sliced single-layer model of the high-strength steel cabin door structure of the landing gear, wherein a machining track of the numerical control program executed by the single-layer model of the high-strength steel cabin door structure of the landing gear is shown in FIG. 7 (c); (4) recording a bottom layer operation source code generated by a single-layer model numerical control program and circularly rewriting: after the single-layer model numerical control program is generated, the datum plane is jumped from the Z value of 0.5mm to any other height (in the example, the Z value is 30mm), because the computer aided design/manufacturing software has a self-adaptive change function, the position change of the datum plane can cause the change of the solid segmentation surface, the single-layer model formed by stretching the segmentation surface features can also be self-adaptively changed, the processing track of the numerical control program is refreshed, and the effect is shown in fig. 7 (d); recording the change process by utilizing the recording function of the computer aided design/manufacture software, and exporting the change process by java language; in the code editor IDEA, the slice model thickness is set equal to the layer thickness for additive manufacturing, the program statement is ply ═ 0.5, and a loop statement is added: for i in range (n), the change process is circulated from the bottom end to the top end of the structural model of the high-strength steel cabin door of the aircraft landing gear, and n takes 2500 values, so that a source code of a complete change process of a single-layer model numerical control program from the bottom layer to the top layer is obtained; (5) generating a 'material reduction processing' model numerical control program of the complete metal part: the source code of the process is re-introduced into the computer aided design/manufacturing software and played, the software automatically generates the numerical control machining program and the corresponding machining track from the 1 st layer to the 2500 th layer, and fig. 7(e) -7 (h) are schematic diagrams of the automatic generation of the single-layer model numerical control machining track after different slicing times when the cycle times i are 50, 200, 1000 and 2000 respectively.
Because the characteristic change of the high-strength steel cabin door structure of the airplane landing gear is small from bottom to top, in the high-energy beam additive material reduction composite manufacturing process, the selective calling of the material reduction numerical control program can follow the process strategy of 'edge increase and edge reduction' of a 'large alternating period', 10-20 layers can be selected in the alternating period, namely after the high-energy beam additive material manufacturing of a 'material increase manufacturing' section model of a continuous p (p is more than or equal to 10) layers of high-strength steel cabin door structures of the airplane landing gear is completed, the material reduction numerical control program of a single-layer model after the 'material reduction processing' section of the p (p is more than or equal to 10) layers of high-strength steel cabin door structures of the airplane landing gear is correspondingly called, and the high-efficiency material increase material reduction composite processing manufacturing of the high-.
The method integrates various technical means of model processing, numerical control program planning and programming development, can obtain the beneficial effects of strong part shape adaptability, low equipment hardware and software configuration requirement, flexible material reduction numerical control program calling and low development cost, and can also improve the material increase and material reduction composite manufacturing efficiency.
The invention discloses an entity segmentation method based on an entity-segmentation surface, which is a method for picking up an entity as an object to be segmented, picking up any specified plane as the segmentation surface and segmenting the entity to be segmented into two entities along the specified plane by utilizing a segmentation instruction of computer aided design/manufacturing software.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A material reducing numerical control program generation method for high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) the method comprises the steps of preprocessing a material reducing machining model of the metal part, wherein the preprocessing of the material reducing machining model of the metal part refers to the steps of creating or importing a three-dimensional model of the metal part to be subjected to material reducing machining based on computer aided design/manufacturing software, checking the curved surface characteristics and the overall size of the metal part, keeping the spatial position and the placing mode of the metal part model consistent with the machining state in an actual material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing system,
(2) slicing a material reduction processing model of the metal part,
(3) generating a single-layer numerical control program according to the slicing characteristics of the material reducing processing model,
(4) recording the bottom layer operation source code generated by the single-layer numerical control program and circularly rewriting to obtain the bottom layer operation source code corresponding to a plurality of continuous slices,
(5) and generating a complete material reduction machining model numerical control program of the metal part according to the bottom layer operation source codes corresponding to the plurality of slices.
2. The method for generating the material reducing numerical control program for the high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the material reducing processing model slicing processing of the metal part specifically comprises:
in the computer aided design/manufacture software, firstly, an XY plane vertical to the Z direction of the additive manufacturing direction is created as a reference plane, an entity is picked up as an object to be divided according to an entity-reference plane intersection algorithm, namely, a dividing instruction of the computer aided design/manufacture software is utilized, the reference plane is picked up as a dividing plane, a metal part to be processed material reduction processing model is divided into two entities along the reference plane,
and after the division is finished, selecting one entity, picking up the intersecting characteristic of the entity and the reference plane, stretching, wherein the stretching direction is opposite to the Z direction of the additive manufacturing direction, the stretching thickness is equal to the thickness of the additive manufactured layer, forming a single-layer entity matched with the additive manufacturing process, and taking the single-layer entity as a material reduction processing model slice to finish the material reduction processing model slice treatment of the metal part.
3. The method for generating the material reducing numerical control program for the high-energy beam additive material reducing composite manufacturing according to claim 2, wherein the step (3) of generating the single-layer numerical control program according to the slicing characteristics of the material reducing processing model specifically comprises:
firstly, selecting a corresponding processing instruction according to the precision requirements and the processing requirements of different parts of a metal part to be processed, picking up the characteristics of a single-layer model, setting the corresponding main shaft rotating speed, the corresponding feed rate and the corresponding processing path, and automatically generating a processing tool path of the single-layer model by using computer aided design/manufacturing software;
and then, converting the cutter path file into a numerical control machining program file by using a post processor matched with computer aided design/manufacturing software, and generating a single-layer model material reduction numerical control program called by the numerical control system.
4. The method for generating the material reducing numerical control program for the high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing according to claim 3, wherein the specific step of obtaining the bottom layer source code in the step (4) comprises: firstly, the following adaptive change processes are recorded in sequence by using computer aided design/manufacturing software: the current single-layer model numerical control machining program generation → the reference plane position change → the solid-reference plane intersection feature change → the new single-layer model numerical control program generation,
and then, recording the bottom layer source code generated in the self-adaptive change process by adopting computer aided design/manufacturing software, exporting the bottom layer source code by using a programming language, and modifying the imported bottom layer source code based on an open source code editor.
5. The method for generating the material reducing numerical control program for the high-energy beam additive material reducing composite manufacturing according to claim 4, wherein in the step (4), the cyclically rewriting the bottom layer source code specifically comprises:
firstly, setting an initial height value of a single-layer model as a layer thickness for additive manufacturing through an H ← ply sentence, wherein H represents the height value of the single-layer model, ply is a character used for describing the object characteristics of a polygonal geometric model in a programming language, and represents the layer thickness for additive manufacturing,
then, i-cycles are added for a fixed variation of one layer thickness for additive manufacturing with respect to the single layer model height value H: h ← ply × (i +1), wherein i is the number of cycles, and the cycle starts from 0, and the single-layer model is positioned at the bottom end of the original material reduction processing model; and when the cycle number of i is equal to the additive manufacturing layer number n, ending the cycle, and positioning the single-layer model at the top end of the original material reducing processing model so as to complete the rewriting of the bottom layer source code program, thereby expanding the single self-adaptive change process recorded by the computer aided design/manufacturing software into a complete self-adaptive change process from the bottom layer to the top layer, wherein n represents the total additive manufacturing layer number of the metal parts.
6. The method for generating the material reducing numerical control program for the high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing according to claim 5, wherein in the step (5), the specific process of the material reducing machining model numerical control program for generating the complete metal part is as follows:
importing the rewritten bottom layer source code file into computer aided design/manufacture software, and playing the following process by the software: the current single-layer model numerical control machining program generation → the reference plane position change → the solid-reference plane intersection feature change → the new single-layer model numerical control program generation,
the single-layer model numerical control program generation in the process is to obtain the material reducing processing model numerical control program of the complete metal parts from bottom to top by starting from the situation that the single-layer model is positioned at the bottom end of the material reducing processing model and circulating to the situation that the single-layer model is positioned at the top end of the material reducing processing model and finishing, and the height change value of the reference plane is fixed to the layer thickness of the material increasing manufacturing.
7. The method for generating the material reducing numerical control program for the high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing according to claim 6, wherein the computer aided design/manufacturing software comprises UG NX, Solidworks, Pro/Engineer and/or Mastercam, and the programming language comprises C, C + +, Java, Python, VB; the Code editor comprises VScode, Visual Studio Code and IDEA.
8. The method for generating the material reducing numerical control program for the high-energy beam material increasing and reducing composite manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein during machining, the material reducing numerical control program can be called based on different machining requirements after being generated, and specifically comprises the following steps:
for metal parts with complex overall structures or metal part parts with high precision requirements in partial areas, after high-energy beam additive manufacturing of one layer or continuous k layers of additive manufacturing slicing models is completed, a material reducing numerical control program of a single layer model after one layer or continuous k layers of material reducing processing slicing is called correspondingly, and high-precision additive and material reducing composite processing manufacturing with increasing and reducing sides of complex metal parts in a small alternating period is realized, wherein k is less than or equal to 5; or,
for a metal part with a simple overall shape or a metal part with low precision requirement in a partial area, after high-energy beam additive manufacturing of a continuous p-layer additive manufacturing slice model is completed, a single-layer model material reduction numerical control program after p-layer material reduction processing slicing is called correspondingly, high-efficiency additive material reduction composite processing manufacturing of the simple metal part with the large alternation period of increasing and reducing at the same time is realized, wherein p is more than or equal to 10,
the metal part with a complex structure has the characteristics of back-off, a complex flow channel inside and obvious profile change;
the metal part with higher requirement on the precision of the partial area is that the partial area of the part has assembly requirement, can be normally used only by ensuring higher precision, has standard tolerance grade of IT8 or below,
the metal parts with simple overall shapes mainly have the characteristics of regular revolving bodies and lath shapes, do not have the characteristics of back-off and complex inner flow passages,
the metal part with lower requirement on the precision of the partial area refers to that no assembly requirement exists in the partial area of the part, the precision of the metal part does not influence the normal use of the part, and the standard tolerance level is usually IT9 or above.
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