CN112814667B - Method for evaluating water content of tight gas layer based on thermal neutron logging count rate ratio - Google Patents
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 51
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 description 5
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for evaluating the water content of a tight gas layer based on a thermal neutron logging count rate ratio, which comprises the following steps: calculating the ratio R by using the counting value of a near-far detector of thermal neutron imaging logging log The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculating the clay content V sh And porosity of
Selecting a counting rate ratio R of near-far detector for reading thermal neutron imaging of adjacent thick-layer pure mudstone section sh The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculating the ratio R of the counting rates of the thermal neutron imaging logging near-far detector reflecting the fluid in the pore f Qualitatively judging the water content of the tight sandstone gas layer; and calculating the water saturation based on the ratio of the counting rates of the near-far detector and the thermal neutron imaging, and quantitatively calculating the water content of the dense gas layer. Compared with the traditional thermal neutron imaging logging macroscopic capture section value Sigma, the method provided by the invention is more effective in judging the water content of the dense gas layer, and the judging accuracy rate reaches 90%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for evaluating the water content of a tight sandstone gas layer based on the ratio of the count rates of a near-far detector of thermal neutron imaging logging (TNIS), which relates to the field of petroleum and natural gas exploitation.
Background
With the increasing severity of environmental problems in China, natural gas is used as clean fossil energy under the large background of green low-carbon energy transformation, the importance of the natural gas in the energy strategy reaches an unprecedented level, and the demand of the natural gas is continuously increased, wherein the unconventional dense sandstone natural gas is an important energy source in the future. In the exploration and development of tight sandstone natural gas, because the tight sandstone gas reservoirs have different water contents, some tight sandstone gas reservoirs only produce little or no formation water in the development and production process; some tight sandstone gas reservoirs produce a large amount of stratum water, which is easy to cause bottom dropsy and seriously affects the gas production of a gas production well, so that the judgment of the water content of the tight sandstone gas reservoirs by using logging data has important significance.
The conventional method for judging the water content of the oil and gas reservoir is mainly based on resistivity and porosity logging series, and is mainly based on the qualitative judgment of the water content of resistivity logging values under the condition of the same porosity, so that the water saturation is quantitatively calculated through an Archie formula. The tight sandstone gas reservoir has the geological characteristics of complex rock pore structure, large change of formation water mineralization degree and the like, the resistivity logging is influenced by multiple factor changes such as pore structure, formation water mineralization degree, water content and the like, and the series of the resistivity and porosity logging is used for logging the tight sandstone gas reservoir to have poor water content effect, so that a large amount of development and production wells are used for producing water, the effusion is serious, and the yield of the tight sandstone gas is seriously influenced.
Thermal neutron imaging logging (TNIS) is a non-electrical logging method, can directly detect the water content of a hydrocarbon reservoir, is hardly influenced by a pore structure, but the conventional thermal neutron imaging logging data interpretation method based on a stratum macroscopic capture section is not applicable to tight sandstone stratum with changeable stratum water mineralization degree and lower porosity, so that development of a novel interpretation method which is not influenced by the stratum water mineralization degree change is urgently needed to improve the applicability of thermal neutron imaging logging in discriminating the water content of the tight sandstone hydrocarbon reservoir.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for evaluating the water content of a tight sandstone gas reservoir based on the ratio of the count rates of a near-far detector for thermal neutron imaging logging (TNIS), which is hardly influenced by the change of the mineralization degree of stratum water in the aspects of qualitatively judging the water content of the tight sandstone gas reservoir and quantitatively calculating the water saturation, overcomes the defects of the conventional method based on macroscopic capture cross section, and can greatly improve the qualitative judging accuracy of the water content of the tight sandstone gas reservoir and the quantitative calculating precision of the water saturation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for evaluating the water content of a tight sandstone gas layer based on the ratio of the count rates of a near-far detector of thermal neutron imaging logging, comprising:
calculating the ratio R by using the counting value of a near-far detector of thermal neutron imaging logging log ；
Calculating the clay content V sh And porosity of
Selecting a thick-layer pure mudstone section adjacent to a gas layer to be detected, and reading the counting rate ratio R of a thermal neutron imaging logging near-far detector sh ；
Calculating the ratio R of the counting rates of the thermal neutron imaging logging near-far detector reflecting the fluid in the pore f Qualitatively judging the water content of the tight sandstone gas layer;
and calculating the water saturation based on the ratio of the counting rates of the near-far detector and the thermal neutron imaging, and quantitatively calculating the water content of the dense gas layer.
Further, calculating the ratio R by using the counting value of a thermal neutron imaging logging near-far detector log ：
Wherein N is 1 Near detector meter for thermal neutron imaging well loggingA numerical value; n (N) 2 A remote detector count value is measured for thermal neutron imaging.
Further, the muddy content V is calculated sh Calculating porosity using natural gamma log
A density log is used.
Further, the ratio R of the count rates of the near-far detector for thermal neutron imaging of fluid in the reservoir pore f ：
Further, qualitatively distinguishing the water content of the tight sandstone gas layer: when R is f When the density sandstone gas layer is less than or equal to 1.0, the compact sandstone gas layer does not produce water; when R is f >1.0, producing water by the tight sandstone gas layer.
Further, the water saturation formula is calculated based on the ratio of the counting rates of the thermal neutron imaging near-far detector:
wherein R is w The ratio of the count rates of the near-far detector is used for the formation hydrothermal neutron imaging logging in the reservoir pore.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a method for qualitatively judging the water content of a tight gas layer by utilizing the ratio of the counting rate of a near-far detector of a thermal neutron imaging logging, and compared with the traditional method for judging the water content of the tight gas layer by using the Sigma of the macroscopic capture section value of the thermal neutron imaging logging, the method has the advantages that the ratio of the counting rate of the near-far detector of the thermal neutron imaging logging is not influenced by the change of the mineralization degree of stratum water, and the judging accuracy reaches 90%;
2. according to the invention, a formula for quantitatively calculating the water saturation of the compact gas layer by utilizing the counting rate ratio of the near-far detector of the thermal neutron imaging logging is deduced according to the Callo numerical simulation result of the thermal neutron imaging logging model, and the method has higher accuracy than the conventional quantitative calculation of the water saturation based on the macroscopic capture section value of the thermal neutron imaging logging, and solves the problem that the water saturation cannot be accurately calculated in the compact gas layer with low resistivity.
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Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Like parts are designated with like reference numerals throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a chart for determining the moisture cut-off value of a tight sandstone gas layer by judging the ratio of the count rates of a near-far detector for thermal neutron imaging according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of intercept calculation formula determination of linear relation of the ratio of count rates of near-far detector and porosity water saturation product of thermal neutron imaging according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an example of determining the water content of a tight gas formation and calculating the water saturation by using the ratio of the count rates of the near-far detector of thermal neutron imaging in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," and "having" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order described or illustrated, unless an order of performance is explicitly stated. It should also be appreciated that additional or alternative steps may be used.
The invention provides a method for evaluating the water content of a dense gas layer based on a thermal neutron logging counting rate ratio, which comprises the following steps: calculating the ratio R by using the counting value of a near-far detector of thermal neutron imaging logging log The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculating the clay content V sh And porosity of
Selecting a counting rate ratio R of near-far detector for reading thermal neutron imaging of adjacent thick-layer pure mudstone section sh The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculating the ratio R of the counting rates of the thermal neutron imaging logging near-far detector reflecting the fluid in the pore f When R is f When the density sandstone gas layer is less than or equal to 1.0, the compact sandstone gas layer does not produce water; when R is f >1.0, producing water by the tight sandstone gas layer; the water saturation is calculated based on the ratio of the count rates of the near and far detectors of thermal neutron imaging. The invention provides a method for qualitatively judging the water content of a tight gas layer by utilizing the ratio of the counting rates of a near-far detector of a thermal neutron imaging logging, and compared with the conventional method for judging the water content of the tight gas layer by using the Sigma of the macroscopic capture section value of the thermal neutron imaging logging, the method for judging the water content of the tight gas layer by utilizing the ratio of the counting rates of the near-far detector of the thermal neutron imaging logging is more effective, and the judging accuracy reaches 90%.
The method for judging the water content of the compact gas layer based on the ratio of the counting rate of the near-far detector of the thermal neutron imaging logging provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
1) Calculating the ratio R of the count values of a near detector and a far detector of a thermal neutron imaging logging instrument log :
Wherein N is 1 The method is characterized in that the method is a thermal neutron imaging logging near-detector counting value, dimensionless; n (N) 2 The counting value of a far detector for thermal neutron imaging logging is dimensionless; calculating the gas layer count values of different depths of logging to obtain R log Curve, calculation result is as 7 th track of RATIONAL curve in FIG. 3; it should be noted that, for convenience of explanation of the embodiment of the present invention, a detector closer to the emission probe in the thermal neutron imaging logging instrument is defined as a near detector, and a detector farther from the emission probe is defined as a far detector.
2) According to a large number of Monte Carlo numerical simulation results, the counting rate ratio of the near-far detector of the thermal neutron imaging logging is in linear positive correlation with the clay content and the porosity, and the counting rate ratio of the near-far detector of the thermal neutron imaging logging is equivalent to two parts of the clay and the fluid in the pore based on a petrophysical volume model:
wherein: v (V) sh The calculated shale content, v/v, for the log; r is R sh The ratio of the counting rates of near-far detectors for mudstone thermal neutron imaging is dimensionless;
calculating porosity, v/v, for the log; r is R f The ratio of the counting rates of the near-far detector for the thermal neutron imaging of the fluid in the pore of the reservoir is dimensionless;
wherein, the prior natural gamma logging curve is utilized to calculate the argillaceous content V sh Porosity calculated by density log
The calculation results are shown in the 6 th VSH and PHIE curves of FIG. 3.
3) Selecting a counting rate ratio R of a near-far detector for reading thermal neutron imaging of a pure mudstone section of a thick layer adjacent to a gas layer to be detected sh Wherein the pure mudstone section isThe clay content of the thick layer is about 1, and the selection of the adjacent thick layer can be selected according to the gas layer to be detected in practical application.
4) Deducing the counting rate ratio R of the thermal neutron imaging logging near-far detector of the fluid in the reservoir pore by the formula (2) f ：
Calculating the ratio R of the counting rate of the thermal neutron imaging logging near-far detector reflecting the fluid in the pore by using a formula (3) f The curve, the calculation result is shown in FIG. 3, the 8 th RDP curve, as shown in FIG. 1, when R f When the density sandstone gas layer is less than or equal to 1.0, the compact sandstone gas layer does not produce water; when R is f >1.0, producing water by a compact sandstone gas layer through R f The water content of the tight sandstone gas reservoir can be qualitatively judged.
5) The ratio of the counting rates of the thermal neutron imaging logging near-far detector in the pore fluid is divided into two parts of formation water and hydrocarbon:
wherein: r is R h The ratio of the counting rates of the near-far detector and the near-far detector for hydrocarbon gas thermal neutron imaging in the reservoir pore is dimensionless; r is R w The ratio of the count rates of the near-far detector and the near-far detector for the formation hydrothermal neutron imaging in the reservoir pore is dimensionless; s is S w Is reservoir water saturation, v/v;
the method is obtained by the arrangement of a formula (4):
A＝R w -R h (6)
wherein: a is the slope of formula (5), and the difference between the ratio of the formation water to the count rate of the hydrocarbon gas thermal neutron imaging near-far detector is a fixed value; b is the intercept of the formula (5) and has a linear positive correlation with the shale content of the reservoir;
as shown in fig. 2, based on the monte carlo numerical simulation result, the quantitative relationship between the intercept and the argillaceous content in equation (5) is:
B＝15.529V sh +7.9559 (8)
substituting the formula (6) and the formula (8) into the formula (5) to obtain a formula for calculating the water saturation based on the ratio of the counting rates of the near-far detector and the thermal neutron imaging detector:
and (3) obtaining a water saturation curve calculated based on the ratio of the counting rates of the near-far detector and the far-near detector of the thermal neutron imaging by using a formula (9), quantitatively calculating the water saturation, and obtaining a calculation result shown in an 8 th SWT curve of the figure 3.
Example well compact gas interval thermal neutron imaging logging near-far detector count rate ratio R f The calculation result was 1.16>1.0, the calculated result of the water saturation is 46.8%, the compact gas layer is judged to be produced by the same gas and water, and the actual test result proves that the gas and water are produced by the same gas and water.
The present invention is described in terms of the above embodiments only and is not limited thereto, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (2)
1. A method for evaluating the water content of a tight gas formation based on a thermal neutron logging count rate ratio, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
calculating the ratio R by using the counting value of a near-far detector of thermal neutron imaging logging log ：
Wherein N is 1 A value of a near detector count for thermal neutron imaging; n (N) 2 A thermal neutron imaging logging remote detector count value;
calculating the clay content V sh And porosity of
Selecting a thick-layer pure mudstone section adjacent to the air layer to be detected, and reading the count rate ratio R of a near-far detector for thermal neutron imaging logging of the pure mudstone section sh ；
Calculating the ratio R of the counting rates of the thermal neutron imaging logging near-far detector reflecting the fluid in the pore f Qualitatively judging the water content of the tight sandstone gas layer, wherein: ratio R of counting rate of near-far detector for thermal neutron imaging of fluid in reservoir pore f ：
Qualitatively judging the water content of the compact sandstone gas layer: when R is f When the density sandstone gas layer is less than or equal to 1.0, the compact sandstone gas layer does not produce water; when R is f >1.0, producing water by the tight sandstone gas layer;
calculating the water saturation based on the ratio of the counting rates of the near-far detector for thermal neutron imaging, and quantitatively calculating the water content of the dense gas layer, wherein the water saturation formula is calculated based on the ratio of the counting rates of the near-far detector for thermal neutron imaging:
wherein R is w The ratio of the count rates of the near-far detector is used for the formation hydrothermal neutron imaging logging in the reservoir pore.
2. The method for evaluating the water content of a tight gas formation based on the ratio of the thermal neutron logging count rate according to claim 1, wherein the argillaceous content V is calculated sh Calculating porosity using natural gamma log
A density log is used.
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