CN1127992C - 消防灭火剂 - Google Patents

消防灭火剂 Download PDF

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CN1127992C
CN1127992C CN 00119181 CN00119181A CN1127992C CN 1127992 C CN1127992 C CN 1127992C CN 00119181 CN00119181 CN 00119181 CN 00119181 A CN00119181 A CN 00119181A CN 1127992 C CN1127992 C CN 1127992C
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CN1330967A (zh
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杨盛发
王悦之
杨松
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Chen Minling
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Abstract

一种属于消防灭火技术领域的高效、先进发明的新技术。消防灭火剂的用料百分比为：(1)二甲基烷基叔铵盐(40～60)、(2)氟碳表面活性剂FC-4(10～30)、(3)偶氮二甲酰胺(10～30)、(4)烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP-4(1～10)、(5)碳酰胺(1～10)、(6)氢氧化铝(1～10)、(7)纤维素纳(1～10)、(8)水(10～30)。经纳米技术超细加工，复配成消防灭火剂，混配98%的水，广泛适用于各种有焰燃烧的固、液、气体物质的消防灭火，效率高，过火区灭火后不回火复燃，无毒、不污染环境。

Description

消防灭火剂
本发明属于消防灭火技术领域的先进技术。火灾给人类造成巨大的生命财产损失，世界各国非常重视研究灭火消防，采用先进的技术设备，军事化的消防组织，消防灭火。但都存在灭火须区别火灾燃烧物的固、液、气体种类，施用水或干粉、泡沫灭火，方法复杂，灭火效率低，污染环境等缺点。本消防灭火剂是以2％剂量，配98％的水，广泛适用于有焰燃烧的固、液、气体物质火灾的消防灭火制剂，可在20～30秒内，将燃烧温度1200℃降至30～40℃，消防灭火效率高，过火区灭火后不回火复燃，无毒，不污染环境。
1、消防灭火技术原理
火灾燃烧是一个复杂的物理化学过程，燃烧须具备可燃物质、可燃温度和助燃气体三要素。在总结现有消防灭火技术，经多次实验论证，采用现代技术研制成本消防灭火剂，配方按重量百分比：(1)二甲基烷基叔铵盐(40～60)、(2)氟碳表面活性剂FC-4(10～30)(3)偶氮二甲酰胺(10～30)、(4)烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP-4(1～10)、(5)碳酰胺(1～10)、(6)氢氧化铝(1～10)、(7)纤维素纳(1～10)、(8)水(10～30)。
降温灭火。二甲基烷叔铵盐属甜菜碱型亲水、亲油两性表面活性剂，快捷有效地降低水、油的表面张力。尤其对水的表面张力降低更大，使水分子之间引力变小，分子势能增大，使灭火中的大量水迅速气化，大量吸热，有效降低燃烧温度，实现高效降温灭火。氟碳表面活性剂FC-4和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP-4均属非离子型亲水性表面活性剂，具有润湿、分散作用，与二甲基烷基叔铵盐复配，降低水表面张力效果更好，降温灭火效果极佳。
成膜覆盖。二甲基烷基叔铵盐、氟碳表面活性剂FC-4和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP-4复配，调整亲水、亲油平衡值HLB，使水的表面张力小于油的表面张力，水分子势能大于油分子势能，灭火中水遇燃油(汽油、柴油)，即形成水包油型、由小颗粒组成的白色乳化成膜覆盖于油面上，隔绝助燃气体供应，使油的燃烧窒息。氟碳表面活性剂FC-4具有轻水发泡功能，偶氮二甲酰胺也是一种不燃烧的发泡剂，喷洒在燃烧表面形成泡沫覆盖层，并成膜堆积加厚，形成覆盖灭火。纤维素纳成膜有韧性、耐久，保护覆盖膜留存时间长，无论是固体、液体物质过火区灭火后不回火复燃。碳酰胺对发泡有稳定作用，超过132.7℃熔点温度分解出H2N降温灭火，对有危险过火区事先喷洒具有防火功能。
化学抑制。燃烧过程中不断产生氧、氢和自由基，使燃烧持续发展。氢氧化铝遇燃烧分解释放水气吸收大量热，使燃烧温度难以升高，热分解过程释放出AL2O3成膜覆盖，阻断燃烧。氢氧化铝本身是一种碱性物质，可以促进纤维素的碳化与脱水作用，吸收氧、氢和自由基，使燃烧速度降低，终止燃烧，形成化学抑制消防灭火。
纳米技术。纳米技术生产物理、化学制剂，其物理化学性能特好，是目前先进技术。消防灭火剂生产采用高速无间隙五级剪切机械破碎技术，使制剂中粒子小于50nm，经实验对比，消防灭火效果极佳。
2、消防灭火剂生产工艺
按重量百分比取：二甲基烷基叔铵盐(40-60)、氟碳表面活性剂FC-4(10-30)、偶氮二甲酰胺(10-30)、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP-4(1-10)、碳酰胺(1-10)、氢氧化铝(1-10)、纤维素纳(1-10)、水(10-30)。投入混溶罐中，在40-50℃的温度下搅拌混合均匀，通过200目铜网过滤后，送入反应釜中，以2900转/分，间隙20μm的机械剪切粉碎，剂料循环20～30次，再经无间隙五级4000-4500转/分，剂料顺序剪切的超细纳米技术加工，使剂料颗粒小于50nm，再送入贮罐静贮闷合四小后，经400目过滤除粗后计量灌装，塑料桶5kg、25kg，铁桶100kg装，置0-40℃干燥避光库贮存，保质期五年。
 3、消防灭火剂制备示例
 按重量百分比取：二甲基烷基叔铵盐50g、氟碳表面活性剂FC-4 10g、偶氮二甲酰胺10g、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚5g、碳酰胺5g、氢氧化铝8g、纤维素钠2g、水10g。将上述100g用料投入混溶罐中搅拌10分钟，送入反应釜剪切粉碎20～30次，再经无间隙五级剪切纳米技术加工，使剂料组成颗粒小于50nm，再经贮罐闷合静贮四小时，最后以400目网过滤除粗即成消防灭火剂，按剂水2∶98配入4900g水，成5000g消防用水，喷洒有焰燃烧的固、液、气体物质消防灭火，可在20～30秒内将燃烧温度1200℃降至30～40℃，灭火效果极佳，过火区灭火后不回火复燃，无毒、不污染环境。

Claims (2)

1、一种消防灭火剂，其技术配方为：
(1)二甲基烷基叔铵盐            (40～60)％
(2)氟碳表面活性剂FC-4          (10～30)％
(3)偶氮二甲酰胺                (10～30)％
(4)烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP-4        (1～10)％
(5)碳酸胺                      (1～10)％
(6)氢氧化铝                    (1～10)％
(7)纤维素钠                    (1～10)％
(8)水                          (10～30)％
2、一种消防灭火剂的生产方法，其生产工艺为：按重量百分比，将消防灭火剂各种用料计量投入混深罐中，在温度40～30℃，混合搅拌均匀10分钟，通过200目铜网过滤后，送入反应釜中，剪切机头以2900转/分，间隙20μm，剪切粉碎，剂料循环受剪切20～30次，再经过无间隙五级顺序剪切的超细纳米技术加工，使剂料颗粒小于50nm，再送入贮罐静贮闷合四小时后，经400目过滤除粗后计量灌装。
CN 00119181 2000-07-04 2000-07-04 消防灭火剂 Expired - Lifetime CN1127992C (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100469404C (zh) * 2003-12-26 2009-03-18 中国科学技术大学 一种用于细水雾灭火的添加剂
CN101020108B (zh) * 2007-03-13 2010-12-08 江阴市核圆纳米科技有限公司 多组分细水雾灭火添加剂及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101336639B (zh) * 2008-06-06 2012-06-13 浙江新安化工集团股份有限公司 草乙水悬浮剂
CN102133459B (zh) * 2010-11-25 2016-08-10 西安新竹防灾救生设备有限公司 一种超细干粉灭火剂及其制备方法
CN102626547B (zh) * 2012-03-31 2013-01-23 王悦芝 森林消防灭火剂
CN107670214A (zh) * 2017-08-31 2018-02-09 深圳市保国特卫机器人科技有限公司 一种灭火剂及其制备方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100469404C (zh) * 2003-12-26 2009-03-18 中国科学技术大学 一种用于细水雾灭火的添加剂
CN101020108B (zh) * 2007-03-13 2010-12-08 江阴市核圆纳米科技有限公司 多组分细水雾灭火添加剂及其制备方法

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