CN112798906A - System for identifying and positioning short-circuit fault of high-voltage line based on low-voltage power distribution - Google Patents
System for identifying and positioning short-circuit fault of high-voltage line based on low-voltage power distribution Download PDFInfo
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- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the distribution network automation technical field in the electric power system, provide a system based on short-circuit fault of low-voltage distribution discernment high-tension line and position, including the identification module of the fault type, the short-circuit fault differentiates the module, fault position and confirms the module, fault point location module, this system is installed on low-voltage line of distribution network and monitors the high-tension line fault, can differentiate two-line short-circuit fault and short-circuit phase place by oneself; the monitoring devices are connected with the background management server through the wide area internet of things, the background receives fault information of all the monitoring devices, fault location is achieved through comprehensive analysis, the background server sends information such as fault types, fault time, fault phase, fault lines, fault section positions and fault point positions to the mobile terminal of a person responsible for operation management and maintenance of the power distribution network in real time through the mobile internet, and line operation safety maintenance is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of distribution network automation in an electric power system, and particularly belongs to a technology for online monitoring of a distribution line, judging and positioning a short-circuit fault so as to promote the line maintenance and repair work to process the fault in time and recover the safe power supply of a power grid in time.
Background
China is wide in territory and basically realizes electrification, but the number of lines of an electric power system covering all cities and countrysides is large, the accumulated length is large, and particularly, a distribution network necessarily covers all buildings, so that the line branches and the intersections are complex, and the failure probability is increased; especially, when a short circuit fault occurs, one wire is broken to cause two phases to be incapable of operating, so that the influence is great and great loss is brought; for vast rural and urban suburban areas, the distribution lines of the urban suburban area are mainly overhead bare wires, and only part of cities start to replace the overhead lines with cables at present; the conventional method for monitoring an overhead line is to mount a monitoring device on the overhead line, and ABC three phases of the high-voltage line can only be separately mounted and separately operated, so that each monitoring point needs one set of 3-4 devices to realize complete monitoring of the ABC three phases.
The power system in China has widely adopted the technology based on line current monitoring to monitor the faults of the distribution lines so far, wherein the zero sequence current is synthesized synchronously after the three-phase current is recorded, and then the faults are judged and classified through various representations of the zero sequence current, but the fault position cannot be calculated, and the limitation is not yet avoided.
The application of the technology has the premise that three-phase load current is required to be symmetrical when the line normally works, so that the abnormal load current can be expressed by obvious zero-sequence current; the practical problem here is that the load currents of three phase lines on a power distribution main line are different most of the time, the currents of all the lines in each phase line are also different, and the three-phase currents of all the lines are more difficult to balance at different moments, so that the zero-sequence current synthesized at the moment of a fault is mainly caused by the unbalance and is not really caused by the fault; or the zero sequence current is not capable of accurately reflecting the fault, and the conventional zero sequence current contains the components of the original current unbalance, so that the accuracy of fault identification and positioning is uncertain by using the zero sequence current.
The voltage stability of the power system at different levels is standard and standard, is guaranteed by the qualification rate of the voltage, and is the result of the active maintenance of a plurality of workers of the power system; therefore, the voltage monitoring is very sensitive to the interference on the voltage caused by the faults on the line and the external disturbance, and is easy to distinguish and find, and the faults can be well judged and positioned as long as the voltage monitoring is correctly carried out and the abnormity is intelligently identified.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide an anti-slip positioning focusing air blowing nozzle, which aims to solve the above technical problems.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the system for identifying and positioning the short-circuit fault of the high-voltage line based on low-voltage power distribution comprises:
the fault type identification module is used for monitoring instantaneous voltage of the high-voltage line by the distribution low-voltage line so as to identify the type of the two-line short circuit fault;
the short-circuit fault distinguishing module is used for distinguishing a two-phase short-circuit fault phase based on the monitoring and analysis of the line monitoring point on the three-phase voltage;
the fault position confirmation module is used for determining the upstream and the downstream of the two-wire short-circuit fault and assisting in determining the position of a short-circuit fault section;
and the fault point positioning module is used for positioning a fault point in the range determined by the position of the two-phase short circuit fault section of the distribution line.
Further, the specific identification process of the fault type identification module is as follows:
only two phase voltages of the whole line are normal, the other phase voltage is reduced to approach 0, and the phase with the voltage reduction approaching 0 is the short-circuit fault phase.
Further, the short-circuit fault determination module specifically determines the following process:
the voltage distribution at the upstream of the fault point of the fault phase is in the range of 0.1U-0.3U, the voltage distribution at the downstream of the fault point is in the range of 0-5% U, and the junction of the upstream and the downstream is the position of the section of the current short-circuit fault;
further, the specific confirmation process of the fault location confirmation module is as follows:
monitoring the distribution of multi-point zero-sequence current of a three-phase line, and judging the position of another section when a two-line short circuit fault occurs, wherein the judgment rule is that the zero-sequence current of an upstream monitoring point of a fault point is 30 percent or more larger than that of a downstream monitoring point of the fault point, so that the position of the short circuit fault section at the intersection of the upstream and downstream of the zero-sequence current is determined; the method can assist the short-circuit fault section position cooperative confirmation in the second right.
Further, the fault point positioning module positions the following results:
l11 ═ L2 (V0-V)/(V2-V0); wherein V is V1+ (V1-V3) × (L1-L11)/L3
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the trend of power supply and distribution flows of the power system is gradually transmitted from high voltage to low voltage, and the influence of any fault on voltage or current waveform on the high voltage line is necessarily transmitted to a low voltage line and various low voltage devices, so that any fault on the high voltage line can be monitored on the low voltage line. The method comprises the steps of monitoring voltage on the basis of a low-voltage side line of a distribution user transformer, analyzing and judging the fault type and the fault phase, positioning the position of a 'two-line short circuit fault' section and further determining the position of a fault point.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a complete distribution line;
FIG. 2 is a two-wire short fault schematic;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In order to explain the technical means of the present invention, the following description will be given by way of specific examples.
The system for identifying and locating the short-circuit fault of the high-voltage line based on low-voltage power distribution provided by the embodiment comprises:
fault type identification moduleThe method is used for monitoring the instantaneous voltage of the high-voltage line to identify the type of the two-line short circuit fault in the distribution low-voltage line.
In this embodiment, the basic situation of the conventional distribution line in the power industry is as follows: the line source end power supply transformer is in star connection, and a neutral point of the transformer is connected with an arc suppression coil and is grounded; a plurality of load transformers for supplying power to users are hung along the line; the project is characterized in that a plurality of transformers are connected with a voltage-based fault monitoring device 1 on the low-voltage side of the secondary side; the high-voltage primary sides of the load transformers are connected in a triangular mode according to a positive sequence of A, B, C, the low-voltage secondary sides of the load transformers are connected in a star mode, and star-shaped neutral points of the secondary sides of the load transformers are grounded; the neutral point of the high-voltage star connection method of the line source transformer is connected with an arc suppression coil to the ground, and the two grounds of the line are outdoor grounds, so that the system can realize common-ground voltage monitoring; the system can perform three-phase voltage acquisition simultaneously by one monitoring device because the system performs sampling monitoring on the low-voltage line of the load transformer; when one or more phases of the line have faults, the monitoring device automatically extracts data of a plurality of periods of three phases at the moment of the fault, and analyzes respective voltage states of the three phases according to a synchronous period to find the fault; this allows the discovery of almost all faults of the three-phase line at the same monitoring point, including the discovery of two-wire short faults.
The short circuit of two phases (two lines) does not affect the third phase, so that when the fault occurs, one phase voltage is normal; the three-phase voltage of the distribution circuit is transmitted by three lines, so that each line is simultaneously responsible for the transmission tasks of a live wire of one phase and a ground wire of the other phase, and the two lines are short-circuited, so that one live wire and the other ground wire are necessarily short-circuited, and a certain phase voltage transmitted by the two lines together is completely cut off by the short-circuited line; therefore, the method can be used for reversely deducing that when one phase of three-phase voltage is close to 0 and the other two phases are normal, the two-phase short-circuit fault occurs in the circuit.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 shows the basic configuration of the basic condition and fault monitoring of a conventional distribution line in the power industry; the figure shows a complete distribution line, the source end of the left line is a star-connected source transformer, and the neutral point of the transformer is connected with an arc suppression coil and is grounded; 5 user transformers J1-J5 are hung in the middle of the line, and 1 voltage-based fault monitoring device (omitted in the figure) is implicitly matched for each transformer; the internal composition and connection mode are given for the user transformer on the right side of the figure; the high-voltage primary of the transformer is connected in a triangle way according to ABC positive sequence, the low-voltage secondary is connected in a star way, and the neutral point is grounded.
The right part of the figure 1 shows an internal wiring mode of a load transformer, wherein high-voltage three-phase ABC on the left side of the transformer is in triangular connection; the left part of the diagram shows a distribution three-phase line, the black three-vector A, B, C at the right end of the diagram is simplified to show the high-voltage triangular connection of the transformer, and any phase is connected with two phases which are connected in series in parallel; the B, C two-phase diagram is shown as short-circuited at point G, so that the B-phase voltage is not sent to the fault line user, while the a-phase C-phase voltage is normal. The short-circuit phase current greatly reduces the upstream voltage of a B-phase fault point, and the three-phase zero-sequence current of the section has larger change; short circuit causes the downstream of the fault point to lose current, and the downstream section also causes unequal change of zero sequence current; the zero flow of the upstream section is known from L1, L2, and the zero flow of the downstream section is known from L3, L4; this assists in obtaining information from the zero flow aspect that distinguishes between upstream and downstream of a fault, and also assists in obtaining the location of the fault zone.
Short-circuit fault discrimination moduleAnd the method is used for monitoring and analyzing the three-phase voltage of the line monitoring point to judge the two-phase short circuit fault phase.
A plurality of monitoring points based on distribution transformer secondary low-voltage monitoring are arranged on a distribution line, and when three-phase voltage monitoring is carried out on the points at the same time by each monitoring point, the following can be found: some of the monitoring points on the whole line have phase voltage approaching 0, and the other monitoring points have short-circuit fault phase voltage which is much larger and is usually above 0.1U (U is normal phase voltage). The point where the voltage approaches 0 was found to be downstream of the short circuit point, with monitoring points where the voltage is above 0.1U being upstream of the short circuit point. The distribution of phase voltage formed by two lines of a three-phase power distribution line is actually changed in the process of short circuit of the two lines, and no voltage exists on the line downstream (behind) of a short circuit point, so that 0 is monitored; and at the upstream of the short-circuit point, the two half lines are connected through the short-circuit point to reload the phase voltage, and the voltage at the short-circuit point is caused by the voltage division of the two half lines, so that the voltage at the short-circuit point is necessarily lower than the normal phase voltage of the phase and is simultaneously higher than the voltage of the line at the downstream of the short-circuit point.
According to the characteristics of three-phase power distribution lines, the three-phase power supplies are A, B, C respectively, but two of three lines (a, B and C) are required to be used in a compound mode when each phase of power supply is formed to be transmitted back and forth, the rule is that the phase A forms a loop through ab, the phase B forms a loop through bc, and the phase C forms a loop through ca, so that the three lines of abc are used twice repeatedly; thus if the monitored A-phase voltage is reduced to 0, it is inevitable that the ab two lines are short-circuited; when the voltage of the B phase is monitored to be reduced to 0, two bc lines are necessarily short-circuited; monitoring the C-phase voltage drop is necessarily a ca two-wire short circuit. This determines the phase of the secondary two-phase short fault from low voltage monitoring.
Fault location confirmation moduleFor determining two-wire short-circuit failureUpstream and downstream of the short circuit fault, assist in determining the location of the short circuit fault.
The total number of the line monitoring points is 5J 1-J5, and analysis of monitoring data shows that each point is normal two-phase data, one-phase data is abnormal and the voltage is obviously reduced, and the 5 monitoring points are all reduced in the same phase voltage, so that the fault is determined to be a two-line short-circuit fault; furthermore, as can be seen from the voltage abnormal phase data, the monitoring points of the voltage reduction approaching to 0 (< 10V) are all behind (such as J3, J4 and J5), the points of the voltage reduction within the range of 0.1U-0.3U are all in front (close to the power supply direction, such as J1 and J2), and therefore the positions of the downstream and upstream of the points of the full line are determined (i.e. J1 and J2 are upstream, and J3, J4 and J5 are downstream), and obviously, the fault point is between J2 and J3; this determines the location of the segment for this short-circuit fault. Obviously, this step is the result of the comprehensive analysis of all monitoring points of the line, and needs to be realized by a distribution line monitoring background management system.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a 10KV distribution line at the top showing normal voltage conditions prior to failure; the two-wire short-circuit fault causes the voltage of a fault point G to suddenly drop to V; if the fault section is monitored and analyzed between the main point and the secondary 1 point in the graph before, the voltage of the main point of the fault is V0, the voltage of the secondary 1 point is V1, and the voltage of the secondary 2 point is V2, which are all monitored at the time of T3 of the fault; as the distance between the primary point and the secondary point 1 is known to be L1 (in the figure, L1 is divided into two parts, i.e., L11 and L12, by the fault point), the distance between the secondary point 1 and the secondary point 2 is known to be L2, and the distance L11 between the fault point and the secondary point 1 needs to be calculated in the positioning of the fault point. The voltage ranges of 0.1U-0.3U at each point upstream of the fault point and 0-10V at each point downstream of the fault point are indicated in the figure, and obviously the boundary between the upstream and downstream is the fault section position in the embodiment.
Fault point positioning moduleAnd the method is used for positioning the fault point in the range determined by the position of the two-phase short-circuit fault section of the distribution line.
Setting the section position of the determined two-line short circuit fault of the distribution line, namely determining which two monitoring points the fault point is between, wherein the downstream point of the two points is defined as a fault main point, and the upstream point positions a fault sub point; because the voltage of the downstream of the fault phase is reduced to be close to 0 within a certain time after short circuit, the voltage of the upstream of the fault phase is reduced to 0.1U-0.3U (U represents a normal phase voltage); because the main point, the secondary 1 point, the secondary 2 point and the secondary 3 point are preset 'line fault monitoring points', the voltage monitored by the main point, the secondary 1 point, the secondary 2 point and the secondary 3 point suddenly drops greatly and is respectively reduced to V0, V1, V2 and V3; knowing the distances L2, L1, L3 between these several monitoring points (L1 is the fault section length, divided by fault point G into L11 and L12), we establish here a calculation expression of the actual distance L between point G to point V0.
Because the slope of the voltage distribution straight line at the upstream section of the fault point is different from that of the voltage distribution straight line at the downstream section, two expressions are listed:
(V2-V0)/L2＝＝(V0-V)/L11；
(V-V1)/(L1-L11)＝＝(V1-V3)/L3；
calculating to obtain:
L11＝L2(V0-V)/(V2-V0)；
calculating the ratio of V: (V-V1) ═ V1-V3 (L1-L11)/L3, V ═ V1+ (V1-V3) (L1-L11)/L3.
In addition, this embodiment also provides a practical application system, as shown in fig. 3, which illustrates the whole system composition of fault monitoring and positioning for the distribution lines of the distribution network, the short circuit monitoring devices (i.e. the system for identifying and positioning the short circuit fault of the high-voltage line based on the low-voltage distribution) are installed on the monitored distribution lines (low voltage), and the number of the monitoring devices installed on different lines is different, depending on the needs of the lines; each monitoring device independently monitors and judges whether short-circuit faults exist or not, the uppermost part of the figure 3 shows a power distribution network, and the power distribution network can also be regarded as a three-phase power distribution line; five squares represent all short circuit monitoring devices installed on the distribution line; all the fault monitoring devices are connected with a distribution network operation safety management center (hereinafter referred to as a distribution network background server) through a wide area internet of things, and the wide area internet of things is a general internet of things platform for Chinese telecommunication management and is used for nationwide internet of things user service; only 1 Internet of things card is installed in each fault monitoring device in a matched manner, a determined service relationship is established with an Internet of things platform, and service cost is paid according to the year; a data transmission interface for the platform of the Internet of things is developed in the distribution network background server, and the server is maintained to receive and transmit commands for monitoring data connected with the platform all the day. Each fault monitoring device independently and autonomously monitors, judges and analyzes whether a fault exists or not, what fault type the fault belongs to and determines the phase position of the fault; the device sends an alarm to a background after determining a fault item and simultaneously sends key data of the fault to a background server; after collecting the multipoint alarm and data of the current fault of the distribution line fault monitoring device, the server identifies the type and the phase of the fault of the whole line facing the distribution line, and analyzes and calculates the specific position of the fault; and then the fault condition and the fault position information are sent to the mobile phone of the person in charge in the shortest time, so that the fault is treated as soon as possible, the power transmission is recovered, the power selling loss of an owner power company is reduced as much as possible, and the production and operation loss of a user caused by power failure is reduced.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A system for identifying and locating a high voltage line short circuit fault based on low voltage power distribution, the system comprising:
the fault type identification module is used for monitoring instantaneous voltage of the high-voltage line by the distribution low-voltage line so as to identify the type of the two-line short circuit fault;
the short-circuit fault distinguishing module is used for distinguishing a two-phase short-circuit fault phase based on the monitoring and analysis of the line monitoring point on the three-phase voltage;
the fault position confirmation module is used for determining the upstream and the downstream of the two-wire short-circuit fault and assisting in determining the position of a short-circuit fault section;
and the fault point positioning module is used for positioning a fault point in the range determined by the position of the two-phase short circuit fault section of the distribution line.
2. The system for identifying and locating a short-circuit fault in a high-voltage line based on low-voltage power distribution according to claim 1, wherein the fault type identification module specifically identifies the following process:
only two phase voltages of the whole line are normal, the other phase voltage is reduced to approach 0, and the phase with the voltage reduction approaching 0 is the short-circuit fault phase.
3. The system for identifying and locating a short-circuit fault of a high-voltage line based on low-voltage power distribution according to claim 1, wherein the short-circuit fault determination module specifically determines the following process:
the voltage distribution at the upstream of the fault point of the fault phase is in the range of 0.1U-0.3U, the voltage distribution at the downstream of the fault point is in the range of 0-5% U, and the junction of the upstream and the downstream is the section position of the current short-circuit fault.
4. The system for identifying and locating a short circuit fault in a high voltage line based on low voltage power distribution of claim 1, wherein the fault location confirmation module is configured to perform the following specific confirmation process:
monitoring the distribution of multi-point zero-sequence current of a three-phase line, and judging the position of another section when a two-line short circuit fault occurs, wherein the judgment rule is that the zero-sequence current of an upstream monitoring point of a fault point is 30 percent or more larger than that of a downstream monitoring point of the fault point, so that the position of the short circuit fault section at the intersection of the upstream and downstream of the zero-sequence current is determined; the method can assist the short-circuit fault section position cooperative confirmation in the second right.
5. The system for identifying and locating a short circuit fault in a high voltage line based on low voltage power distribution of claim 1 wherein the fault location module locates the fault as:
l11 ═ L2 (V0-V)/(V2-V0); wherein V is V1+ (V1-V3) × (L1-L11)/L3.
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| CN113281618A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-08-20 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Low-voltage distribution line fault positioning method and device |
| CN114062837A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-02-18 | 中山市沃尔沃照明科技有限公司 | Urban road and park lighting system monitoring method and device based on big data |
| CN118011151A (en) * | 2024-04-08 | 2024-05-10 | 山东大学 | Distribution network single-phase earth fault distance measurement method and system based on zero sequence current |
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