CN112798488A - Device and method for transient measurement of permeability coefficient - Google Patents
Device and method for transient measurement of permeability coefficient Download PDFInfo
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- CN112798488A CN112798488A CN202011591489.6A CN202011591489A CN112798488A CN 112798488 A CN112798488 A CN 112798488A CN 202011591489 A CN202011591489 A CN 202011591489A CN 112798488 A CN112798488 A CN 112798488A
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10,10-dioxo-2-[4-(N-phenylanilino)phenyl]thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound O=C1c2ccccc2S(=O)(=O)c2ccc(cc12)-c1ccc(cc1)N(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for transient measurement of permeability coefficient and a measuring method thereof in the technical field of geotechnical engineering, the device comprises an air pressure control part, an axial pressure control part, a water tank, a sample cylinder and a box pipeline, wherein control software comprises an upper computer control program and a data post-processing program, air pressure is input through an external air pressure source and enters an air pressure proportional valve, the air pressure proportional valve is controlled by upper computer software and a PLC module to output air pressure with specified pressure so as to control a water head, water permeates through samples in the sample cylinder from bottom to top, each water head value is measured through three water pressure sensors on the sample cylinder, axial pressure is pressurized by an axial pressure loading system, an axial force value is measured by the pressure sensors, water is drained to a balance to finish weighing, all numerical values are fed back to the software to be displayed in a centralized manner, parameters such as permeability coefficient, permeability slope reduction and the like of, and terminating the test after the damage occurs, and directly importing the generated test result into post-processing software to process the generated result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering; in particular to a device for transient measurement of permeability coefficient and a measurement method thereof.
Background
The penetration test is among the most commonly used tests in soil and porous media material testing. Most of the existing permeameters adopt a mode of measuring permeability coefficient at a certain time interval by a constant head or a variable head, control the water head by a method of manually lifting a water supply tank, measure the water head value of each point by a water measuring pipe, manually read and record, and manually process test data after the test is finished. The test method has the defects of overlong test time, inconvenience in operation, limited reading precision, incapability of accurately corresponding data to the test time through manual recording and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for transient measurement of permeability coefficient and a measurement method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the device for transient measurement of the permeability coefficient comprises a motor mounting frame, wherein the motor mounting frame is fixed on the upper end face of an instrument frame, the instrument frame is fixed on an instrument box body, an instrument box body sealing door is fixedly arranged on one end face of the instrument box body in a rotating mode, a water tank is fixedly arranged inside the instrument box body, the water tank is fixedly connected with a sand collector in a penetrating mode, the sand collector is fixedly connected with the lower end face of a sample cylinder in a penetrating mode, an air pressure proportional valve is fixedly connected to the side wall of the sand collector in a penetrating mode, one end of the air pressure proportional valve is fixedly connected with an external pressure source in a penetrating mode, the other end of the air pressure proportional valve is fixedly connected with the water tank in a penetrating mode, the sample cylinder is fixed on the upper end face of the instrument box body, the lower end of.
Further, the motor mounting bracket includes driving motor, driving motor is fixed in on the driving motor mount, on the driving motor mount was fixed in instrument holder up end, the driving motor output shaft penetrated driving motor mount and shaft coupling fixed connection downwards, the shaft coupling lower extreme loaded coupling mechanism fixed connection with the axle load.
Further, the axial compression loading connecting mechanism comprises an axial loading part support, the axial loading part support is a hollow rectangular frame without a top, the upper end of the axial loading part support is fixed on the lower side of the upper end face of the instrument frame, a lead screw is rotationally fixed on the lower end face of the axial loading part support, the lower end of the lead screw is rotationally and fixedly connected with the lower end face of the axial loading part support, the upper end of the lead screw is in threaded fit connection with an upper support beam, the upper end of the lead screw is fixedly connected with the lower end of a coupler, the upper support beam is fixedly connected with a lower support beam through a guide shaft, the lower support beam is arranged on the lower side of the axial loading part support, a sensor guide rail is arranged on one side wall of the axial loading part support, two photoelectric sensors are arranged on the sensor guide rail, a metal sheet is fixedly arranged on the upper support beam, and a spoke, and a self-adaptive loading assembly is fixedly connected below the spoke type sensor, and the lower end of the self-adaptive loading assembly is in contact with the upper end face of the sample cylinder.
Further, the sample cylinder comprises a sample cylinder body, an upper cover of the sample cylinder is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the sample cylinder body, the upper end of the upper cover of the sample cylinder is connected with two handles through threads, a loading rod is arranged between the two handles, the lower end of the loading rod is slidably arranged on the upper cover of the sample cylinder, the upper end of the loading rod is contacted with the lower end of a self-adaptive loading assembly, a sample cylinder base is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the sample cylinder body, a sand collector is connected to the lower end of the sample cylinder base in a penetrating manner, a water inlet is arranged on the outer side wall of the sample cylinder base, a first water pressure sensor, a second water pressure sensor and a third water pressure sensor are sequentially arranged on the outer side wall of the sample cylinder body, the first water pressure sensor, the second water pressure sensor and the third water pressure sensor all penetrate through the outer side wall of the sample cylinder body and extend, and the sample upper cover plate is positioned on the upper sides of the first water pressure sensor, the second water pressure sensor and the third water pressure sensor, the outer side wall of the sample cylinder body is provided with a water seepage port, the water seepage port is communicated with the container through a drainage hose, the container is placed on the balance, the balance is electrically connected with a computer, and the water seepage port is positioned on the upper side of the sample upper cover plate.
Further, the water tank includes the water tank body, link up on the water tank body up end and be fixed with water tank air inlet and water tank relief valve, the water tank air inlet passes through the hose and link up fixed connection with the atmospheric pressure proportional valve, water tank relief valve and external space through connection, the water tank relief valve can automatic pressure release in order to guarantee water tank safety pressure-bearing after reaching certain atmospheric pressure, and water tank body is along being equipped with water tank delivery port and water tank water inlet down, and the water tank delivery port passes through the pipe valve and is connected with the mouth of a river of intaking down, and the water tank water inlet is connected.
A device measurement method for permeability coefficient transient measurement specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, uniformly coating a layer of Vaseline on the inner wall of a sample cylinder body to reduce the influence of a side wall effect, then uniformly filling a weighed coarse-grained soil sample into the sample cylinder body in a layering manner, and arranging coordinate paper on the outer wall of the sample cylinder body to mark the height position of the sample. And (3) placing the upper cover plate of the sample above the sample, installing the upper cover of the sample cylinder, and fastening by using bolts and gaskets. The loading rod is lowered to be just contacted with the upper end of the upper cover plate of the sample;
(2) completing communication between software and a balance, opening a water outlet of a water tank, a lower water inlet and a water seepage port, adjusting the output air pressure of an air pressure proportional valve through the software, setting an initial air pressure value to enable the height of a water head to reach the bottom position of a sample, and then increasing the air pressure value by 0.1kPa every 10min to enable the water head to be slowly increased to enable the sample to be saturated;
(3) setting an axial force target value, an axial force loading rate, an air pressure target value and an air pressure loading rate, zero-setting a balance, starting a test, observing various phenomena in a test process in an attention mode, and stopping the test after 3-5min of damage is obtained;
(4) and importing a test result file output by the software into a post-processing program, performing one-key processing to generate an Excel document, recording parameters such as pressure-measuring tube readings, balance readings, permeability coefficients, permeability slope drops, axial displacements and the like every second in the whole test process, and intensively generating and displaying parameter images in the post-processing software.
Furthermore, in the test process, the output air pressure is controlled through an air pressure proportional valve, and the height of the water head is controlled through the air pressure, so that the continuous measurement of the variable water head penetration test is realized.
Furthermore, upper computer software aiming at the measuring method is developed, parameters of the whole test process can be automatically acquired, corresponding calculation processing and drawing are carried out, and each instantaneous test parameter and the corresponding curve image can be displayed in real time.
Furthermore, the water head value of each measuring point is measured by a high-precision water pressure sensor, so that the reading error of human eyes is eliminated, the measurement precision is improved, the water seepage amount is measured by a balance, each test data is automatically acquired, calculated and processed in real time by a lower computer and displayed in software, and the full-automatic real-time dynamic measurement of the whole process of the test parameters can be realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention uses the air pressure proportional valve to control the air pressure, and the upper computer software controls the air pressure proportional valve to dynamically change the air pressure output value, thereby realizing the dynamic measurement test of the varying water head of the soil and shortening the time of the penetration and the penetration deformation test; according to the invention, the water pressure sensor is used for measurement to replace the traditional water measuring pipe reading method, so that the measurement precision is improved while the reading error of human eyes is eliminated, and the reliability of the test result is higher; the invention does not need to read and record data manually, the whole test process is automatically controlled by a computer and data is automatically collected and processed, images are generated in real time and are clear, the real-time dynamic measurement of the coarse-grained soil variable water head test is realized, the data result is stable and reliable, and the invention is suitable for various sandy soil, broken stones or mixed soil materials.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of a permeability transient measurement device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of an apparatus for transient measurement of permeability coefficient of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view at B in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the sample cartridge of an apparatus for transient measurement of permeability coefficient of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an enlarged view at C in fig. 2.
In the figure: the device comprises a motor mounting frame 1, a shaft pressure loading connecting mechanism 2, an instrument box body 3, a water tank 4, a sand collector 5, an instrument box body sealing door 6, a sample cylinder 7, an instrument frame 8, a pneumatic pressure proportional valve 9, a driving motor 11, a driving motor fixing frame 12, a coupling 13, an upper supporting beam 21, an axial loading part support 22, a guide shaft 23, an adaptive loading assembly 24, a spoke type sensor 25, a sensor guide rail 26, a photoelectric sensor 27, a metal sheet 28, a lead screw 29, a lower supporting beam 210, a sample cylinder body 71, a sample cylinder base 72, a lower water inlet 73, a first water pressure sensor 74, a second water pressure sensor 75, a third water pressure sensor 76, a drainage hose 77, a water seepage port 78, a handle 79, a sample cylinder upper cover 710, a sample upper cover plate 711, a water tank body 41, a water tank water inlet 42, a water tank water outlet 43, a water tank air inlet 44 and.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the present invention provides a technical solution: the utility model provides a permeability coefficient transient measurement's device, including motor mounting bracket 1, motor mounting bracket 1 is fixed in on the 8 up end of instrument frame, instrument frame 8 is fixed in on the instrument box 3, it is fixed with instrument box sealing door 6 to rotate on the 3 terminal surfaces of instrument box, instrument box 3 is inside to be fixed with water tank 4, water tank 4 link up fixed connection with sand collector 5, sand collector 5 link up to be fixed in on 7 lower terminal surfaces of sample tube, fixedly connected with atmospheric pressure proportional valve 9 on the 5 lateral walls of sand collector, 9 one end of atmospheric pressure proportional valve link up fixed connection with the external pressure source, the other end links up fixed connection with water tank 4, sample tube 7 is fixed in on the 3 up end of instrument box, the 7 lower extreme of sample tube pierces through the instrument box 3 up end and stretches out in instrument box 3 inboard, be fixed with axle pressure loading coupling mechanism 2 on the 7 up.
As shown in fig. 3, the motor mounting bracket 1 includes a driving motor 11, the driving motor 11 is fixed on a driving motor fixing bracket 12, the driving motor fixing bracket 12 is fixed on the upper end surface of the instrument holder 8, an output shaft of the driving motor 11 penetrates the driving motor fixing bracket 12 downwards and is fixedly connected with a coupler 13, and the lower end of the coupler 13 is fixedly connected with the axial compression loading connection mechanism 2.
As shown in fig. 4, the axial compression loading connecting mechanism 2 includes an axial loading part support 22, the axial loading part support 22 is a hollow rectangular frame without a top, the upper end of the axial loading part support 22 is fixed on the lower side of the upper end face of the instrument holder 8, a lead screw 29 is rotatably fixed on the lower end face of the axial loading part support 22, the lower end of the lead screw 29 is rotatably fixed with the lower end face of the axial loading part support 22, the upper end of the lead screw 29 is connected with an upper support beam 21 in a screw-thread fit manner, the upper end of the lead screw 29 is fixedly connected with the lower end of a coupler 13, the upper support beam 21 is fixedly connected with a lower support beam 210 through a guide shaft 23, the lower support beam 210 is arranged on the lower side of the axial loading part support 22, a sensor guide rail 26 is arranged on one side wall of the axial loading part support 22, two photoelectric sensors 27 are arranged on the sensor guide rail 26, a metal, the lower part of the spoke type sensor 25 is fixedly connected with a self-adaptive loading assembly 24, and the lower end of the self-adaptive loading assembly 24 is in contact with the upper end face of the sample cylinder 7.
As shown in fig. 5, the sample tube 7 includes a sample tube body 71, a sample tube upper cover 710 is fixedly disposed at the upper end of the sample tube body 71, two handles 79 are connected to the upper end of the sample tube upper cover 710 through threads, a loading rod is disposed between the two handles 79, the lower end of the loading rod is slidably disposed on the sample tube upper cover 710, the upper end of the loading rod contacts with the lower end of the adaptive loading assembly 24, a sample tube base 72 is fixedly disposed at the lower end of the sample tube body 71, a sand collector 5 is connected to the lower end of the sample tube base 72 through a through hole, a lower water inlet 73 is disposed on the outer side wall of the sample tube base 72, a first water pressure sensor 74, a second water pressure sensor 75 and a third water pressure sensor 76 are sequentially disposed on the outer side wall of the sample tube body 71, the first water pressure sensor 74, the second water pressure sensor 75 and the third water pressure sensor 76 all penetrate through the outer side wall of the sample, the sample upper cover plate 711 is located on the upper sides of the first water pressure sensor 74, the second water pressure sensor 75 and the third water pressure sensor 76, the outer side wall of the sample cylinder body 71 is provided with a water seepage port 78, the water seepage port 78 is communicated with the container through a drainage hose 77, the container is placed on a balance, the balance is electrically connected with a computer, and the water seepage port 78 is located on the upper side of the sample upper cover plate 711.
As shown in fig. 6, the water tank 4 includes a water tank body 41, a water tank air inlet 44 and a water tank relief valve 45 are fixedly communicated with the upper end surface of the water tank body 41, the water tank air inlet 44 is fixedly communicated with the air pressure proportional valve 9 through a hose, the water tank relief valve 45 is communicated with the external space, the water tank relief valve 45 can automatically relieve pressure after reaching a certain air pressure to ensure safe pressure bearing of the water tank, a water tank water outlet 43 and a water tank water inlet 42 are arranged on the lower edge of the water tank body 41, the water tank water outlet 43 is connected with a lower water inlet 73 through a pipe valve, the water
A device measurement method for permeability coefficient transient measurement specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, uniformly coating a layer of Vaseline on the inner wall of a sample cylinder body 71 to reduce the influence of a side wall effect, then uniformly filling a weighed coarse-grained soil sample into the sample cylinder body 71 in a layering manner, and arranging coordinate paper on the outer wall of the sample cylinder body 71 to mark the height position of the sample. The sample upper cover 711 is placed over the sample, and the sample tube upper cover 710 is attached and fastened with bolts and spacers. The loading rod is lowered to just contact the upper end of the upper cover plate 711 of the sample;
(2) completing the communication between the software and the balance, opening a water outlet 43 of the water tank, a lower water inlet 73 and a water seepage port 78, adjusting the output air pressure of the air pressure proportional valve 9 through the software, setting an initial air pressure value to enable the height of a water head to reach the bottom position of the sample, and then increasing the air pressure value by 0.1kPa every 10min to enable the water head to be slowly increased to enable the sample to be saturated;
(3) setting an axial force target value, an axial force loading rate, an air pressure target value and an air pressure loading rate, zero-setting a balance, starting a test, observing various phenomena in a test process in an attention mode, and stopping the test after 3-5min of damage is obtained;
(4) and importing a test result file output by the software into a post-processing program, performing one-key processing to generate an Excel document, recording parameters such as pressure-measuring tube readings, balance readings, permeability coefficients, permeability slope drops, axial displacements and the like every second in the whole test process, and intensively generating and displaying parameter images in the post-processing software.
In the test process, the output air pressure is controlled through the air pressure proportional valve 9, and the height of the water head is controlled through the air pressure, so that the continuous measurement of the variable water head penetration test is realized.
The upper computer software aiming at the measuring method is developed, parameters of the whole test process can be automatically acquired, corresponding calculation processing and drawing are carried out, and test parameters and corresponding curve images at each moment can be displayed in real time.
The water head value of each measuring point is measured by a high-precision water pressure sensor, the error of human eye reading is eliminated, the measurement precision is improved, the water seepage amount is measured by a balance, each test data is automatically acquired and calculated in real time by a lower computer and is displayed in software, and the full-automatic real-time dynamic measurement of the whole process of the test parameters can be realized.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The device for transient measurement of the permeability coefficient comprises a motor mounting frame (1) and is characterized in that the motor mounting frame (1) is fixed on the upper end face of an instrument frame (8), the instrument frame (8) is fixed on an instrument box body (3), an instrument box body sealing door (6) is rotatably fixed on one end face of the instrument box body (3), a water tank (4) is fixed inside the instrument box body (3), the water tank (4) is fixedly connected with a sand collector (5) in a penetrating manner, the sand collector (5) is fixedly connected on the lower end face of a sample cylinder (7) in a penetrating manner, an air pressure proportional valve (9) is fixedly connected on the side wall of the sand collector (5), one end of the air pressure proportional valve (9) is fixedly connected with an external pressure source in a penetrating manner, the other end of the air pressure proportional valve is fixedly connected with the water tank (4) in a penetrating manner, the sample cylinder (7) is fixed, the lower end of the sample cylinder (7) penetrates through the upper end face of the instrument box body (3) and extends to the inner side of the instrument box body (3), and a shaft pressure loading connecting mechanism (2) is fixed on the upper end face of the sample cylinder (7).
2. The transient permeability coefficient measuring device of claim 1, wherein the motor mounting bracket (1) comprises a driving motor (11), the driving motor (11) is fixed on a driving motor fixing bracket (12), the driving motor fixing bracket (12) is fixed on the upper end surface of the instrument holder (8), an output shaft of the driving motor (11) penetrates downwards through the driving motor fixing bracket (12) to be fixedly connected with a coupler (13), and the lower end of the coupler (13) is fixedly connected with the axial compression loading connecting mechanism (2).
3. The transient permeability coefficient measuring device of claim 1, wherein the axial compression connecting mechanism (2) comprises an axial loading part support (22), the axial loading part support (22) is a hollow rectangular frame without a top, the upper end of the axial loading part support (22) is fixed on the lower side of the upper end surface of the instrument frame (8), a lead screw (29) is rotationally fixed on the lower end surface of the axial loading part support (22), the lower end of the lead screw (29) is rotationally fixed with the lower end surface of the axial loading part support (22), the upper end of the lead screw (29) is in threaded fit connection with the upper support beam (21), the upper end of the lead screw (29) is fixedly connected with the lower end of the coupler (13), the upper support beam (21) is fixedly connected with the lower support beam (210) through a guide shaft (23), and the lower support beam (210) is arranged on the lower side of the axial loading part support (22), the device is characterized in that a sensor guide rail (26) is arranged on one side wall of the axial loading part support (22), two photoelectric sensors (27) are arranged on the sensor guide rail (26), a metal sheet (28) is fixedly arranged on the upper supporting beam (21), a spoke type sensor (25) is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the lower supporting beam (210), a self-adaptive loading assembly (24) is fixedly connected to the lower portion of the spoke type sensor (25), and the lower end of the self-adaptive loading assembly (24) is in contact with the upper end face of the sample cylinder (7).
4. The transient permeability coefficient measuring device of claim 1, wherein the sample cylinder (7) comprises a sample cylinder body (71), a sample cylinder upper cover (710) is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the sample cylinder body (71), two handles (79) are connected to the upper end of the sample cylinder upper cover (710) through threads, a loading rod is arranged between the two handles (79), the lower end of the loading rod is slidably arranged on the sample cylinder upper cover (710), the upper end of the loading rod is in contact with the lower end of the adaptive loading assembly (24), a sample cylinder base (72) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the sample cylinder body (71), a sand collector (5) is connected to the lower end of the sample cylinder base (72) in a penetrating manner, a lower water inlet (73) is arranged on the outer side wall of the sample cylinder base (72), and a first water pressure sensor (74) are sequentially arranged on the outer side wall of the sample cylinder body (71), The water-permeable test tube comprises a second water pressure sensor (75) and a third water pressure sensor (76), wherein the first water pressure sensor (74), the second water pressure sensor (75) and the third water pressure sensor (76) penetrate through the outer side wall of a sample tube body (71) and extend to the inner side of the sample tube body (71), a sample upper cover plate (711) is arranged on the inner side of the sample tube body (71), the sample upper cover plate (711) is located on the upper sides of the first water pressure sensor (74), the second water pressure sensor (75) and the third water pressure sensor (76), a water-permeable opening (78) is formed in the outer side wall of the sample tube body (71), the water-permeable opening (78) is communicated with a container through a drainage hose (77), the container is placed on a balance and is electrically connected with a computer, and the water-permeable opening (78) is located on the upper side of.
5. The transient permeability coefficient measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the water tank (4) comprises a water tank body (41), a water tank air inlet (44) and a water tank pressure relief valve (45) are fixedly communicated with the upper end surface of the water tank body (41), the water tank air inlet (44) is fixedly communicated with the air pressure proportional valve (9) through a hose, the water tank pressure relief valve (45) is fixedly communicated with an external space, a water tank water outlet (43) and a water tank water inlet (42) are arranged on the lower edge of the water tank body (41), the water tank water outlet (43) is connected with a lower water inlet (73) through a pipe valve, and the water tank water inlet (42) is connected with an external water source.
6. A device measurement method for permeability coefficient transient measurement is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) firstly, a layer of Vaseline is uniformly coated on the inner wall of a sample cylinder body (71) to reduce the influence of the side wall effect, then, the weighed coarse-grained soil sample is uniformly loaded in the sample cylinder body (71) in a layering mode, and coordinate paper is arranged on the outer wall of the sample cylinder body (71) to mark the height position of the sample. A sample upper cover plate (711) is placed above a sample, a sample tube upper cover (710) is mounted, and the sample tube upper cover is fastened by bolts and gaskets. The loading rod is lowered to be just contacted with the upper end of the sample upper cover plate (711);
(2) completing communication between software and a balance, opening a water outlet (43) of a water tank, a lower water inlet (73) and a water seepage port (78), adjusting the output air pressure of an air pressure proportional valve (9) through the software, setting an initial air pressure value to enable the height of a water head to reach the bottom position of a sample, and then increasing the air pressure value by 0.1kPa every 10min to enable the water head to be slowly increased to enable the sample to be saturated;
(3) setting an axial force target value, an axial force loading rate, an air pressure target value and an air pressure loading rate, zero-setting a balance, starting a test, observing various phenomena in a test process in an attention mode, and stopping the test after 3-5min of damage is obtained;
(4) and importing a test result file output by the software into a post-processing program, performing one-key processing to generate an Excel document, recording parameters such as pressure-measuring tube readings, balance readings, permeability coefficients, permeability slope drops, axial displacements and the like every second in the whole test process, and intensively generating and displaying parameter images in the post-processing software.
7. The device measurement method for transient permeability coefficient measurement according to claim 6, wherein the output air pressure is controlled by an air pressure proportional valve (9) and the water head height is controlled by air pressure during the test.
8. The device measurement method for transient measurement of permeability coefficient of claim 6, wherein upper computer software for the measurement method is developed, parameters of the whole test process can be automatically collected and correspondingly calculated and plotted, and test parameters and corresponding curve images at each instant can be displayed in real time.
9. The device measurement method for permeability coefficient transient measurement according to claim 6, wherein the head value of each measurement point is measured by a high-precision water pressure sensor, and each test data is automatically acquired, calculated and processed in real time by a lower computer and presented in software.
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