CN112798239A - Load applying and testing method for piston heat engine fatigue strength test - Google Patents
Load applying and testing method for piston heat engine fatigue strength test Download PDFInfo
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- CN112798239A CN112798239A CN202011521426.3A CN202011521426A CN112798239A CN 112798239 A CN112798239 A CN 112798239A CN 202011521426 A CN202011521426 A CN 202011521426A CN 112798239 A CN112798239 A CN 112798239A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/60—Investigating resistance of materials, e.g. refractory materials, to rapid heat changes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for applying and testing a fatigue strength test load of a piston heat engine, which comprises a piston sample piece and a test device arranged below the piston sample piece, and comprises the following specific test steps: s1, arranging thermocouples near the throat of the piston combustion chamber and at the center of the piston, wherein the thermocouple signals are connected to a test control system; s2, performing non-contact heating on the head of the piston sample piece in a gas heating mode, and applying a pre-pressure load F to the head area of the piston sample piece 6 to generate a certain pre-stress on the throat of the combustion chamber; and S3, forcibly cooling the piston sample piece by adopting high-pressure air to realize the temperature field simulation and high-low temperature conversion. The load applying and testing method for the fatigue strength test of the piston heat engine has the advantages of flexible mechanical load applying and adjusting, accurate temperature monitoring of the examined part, application of heat engine coupling stress of the throat of the piston combustion chamber and the like, and can effectively improve the reliability of the fatigue strength test result of the piston heat engine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engine pistons, and particularly relates to a load application and test method for a fatigue strength test of a piston heat engine.
Background
The component thermal load test is an effective method for evaluating the thermal fatigue strength and the reliability of the engine piston and is essential in the research and development process of piston products. The thermal fatigue test of the piston part usually adopts an electromagnetic induction heating or gas heating mode to ensure that the surface of a piston combustion chamber meets the preset temperature requirement, and then the piston combustion chamber is forcibly cooled by utilizing high-pressure air, so that a piston sample piece bears the action of alternating thermal load, and the thermal fatigue resistance of the piston is tested. Its advantages are high heat load simulation, and basically same temp field at top of piston as that of whole machine. The defects are that the piston sample piece in the thermal fatigue test is in a free state, the thermal deformation of the piston is not restrained, the mechanical load born by the top of the piston and a pin hole is lost, the difference of a stress field of the piston is large compared with that of a real machine, particularly the throat of a combustion chamber at the high-temperature part of the piston is obvious, and the test result cannot fully reflect the thermal fatigue resistance of the piston.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a method for applying and testing a fatigue strength test load of a piston heat engine, so as to solve the above technical problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for applying and testing fatigue strength test load of a piston heat engine comprises a piston sample piece and a test device arranged below the piston sample piece, and comprises the following specific test steps: s1, arranging thermocouples near the throat of the piston combustion chamber and at the center of the piston, wherein the thermocouple signals are connected to a test control system;
s2, performing non-contact heating on the head of the piston sample piece in a gas heating mode, and applying a pre-pressure load F to the head area of the piston sample piece 6 to generate a certain pre-stress on the throat of the combustion chamber;
and S3, forcibly cooling the piston sample piece by adopting high-pressure air to realize the temperature field simulation and high-low temperature conversion.
Further, in step S2, the application positions of the piston sample head preload F are: the circumferential directions of two sides of the piston pin hole are within 120 degrees.
Further, the specific positions of the thermocouple in step S1 are: a pair of thermocouples is symmetrically arranged on a throat fillet of a combustion chamber of the piston sample piece, and the thermocouple is arranged in the center of the piston sample piece.
Furthermore, the thermocouple is bonded with the piston sample piece into a whole by adopting a professional welding process and is connected with a test control system by a data acquisition line through a line channel.
Furthermore, the circuit channel is opened to the lower part of the piston sample piece by a deep hole machining method according to the internal structure of the piston sample piece.
Further, the testing device comprises a piston support, a piston pin, a loading ring and a heat insulation pad, the bottom of the piston support is used for installing a heat load testing table, a pin hole used for placing the piston pin is formed in the upper portion of the piston support, two sides of the piston pin are sleeved in the piston pin hole, a piston clamp spring is installed between the piston pin and a piston sample piece, the loading ring is installed on the upper portion of the piston sample piece, and the heat insulation pad is arranged between the loading ring and the piston sample piece.
Furthermore, the loading ring is of an annular through hole structure and is connected with the piston support through a loading bolt.
Furthermore, a counter bore is formed in the middle of the loading ring, the counter bore is sleeved and pressed at the head of the piston sample piece, a heat insulation pad is arranged at the bottom of the counter bore in a cushioning mode, and the bottom of the counter bore is of a local protruding structure.
Further, the heat insulation pad is of an annular structure.
Compared with the prior art, the method for applying and testing the fatigue strength test load of the piston heat engine has the following advantages:
(1) the load applying and testing method for the fatigue strength test of the piston heat engine has the advantages of flexible mechanical load applying and adjusting, accurate temperature monitoring of the examined part, application of heat engine coupling stress of the throat of the piston combustion chamber and the like, and can effectively improve the reliability of the fatigue strength test result of the piston heat engine.
(2) According to the method for applying and testing the fatigue strength test load of the piston heat engine, the piston sample piece utilizes the piston pin as a support and is combined with the loading ring to locally load the head of the piston sample piece, the bearing and deformation of the piston head and the compression structure of the piston head are high in similarity with the actual bearing and deformation, the mechanical load is carried out by utilizing the loading bolt, the size is adjustable, and the application is flexible.
(3) According to the load applying and testing method for the fatigue strength test of the piston heat engine, the thermocouples are arranged near the throat of the piston combustion chamber and at the center of the piston, temperature data are monitored and collected in real time, the distribution of the temperature field of the piston is ensured to meet the preset requirement, the test boundary is accurately applied, and the test process is controllable.
(4) According to the load application and test method for the fatigue strength test of the piston heat engine, mechanical stress and thermal stress are naturally coupled at the throat of the piston, and the level conversion of the mechanical stress at the throat of the piston combustion chamber is realized through the periodic change of temperature, so that the piston heat engine can be subjected to uninterrupted fatigue check, and the stress state simulation of a sample piece is closer to the working condition state of the piston in use.
(5) The method for applying and testing the fatigue strength test load of the piston heat engine provided by the invention can be used for carrying out targeted assessment on the throat of the piston combustion chamber, the stress distribution state of the sample heat engine is basically consistent with the actual use condition of the part, and the reliability evaluation on the structure, the process and other properties of the part can be effectively carried out.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a first cross-sectional view of a piston sample and test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second cross-sectional view of a piston sample and test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a basic schematic diagram of a load application and test method for a piston heat engine fatigue strength test according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a piston support; 2-a piston pin; 3-a loading ring; 4-loading the bolt; 5-a heat insulation pad; 6-piston sample.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
A method for applying and testing a fatigue strength test load of a piston heat engine is shown in figures 1 to 3, and comprises a piston sample piece 6 and a testing device arranged below the piston sample piece, wherein the specific testing steps are as follows: s1, arranging thermocouples near the throat of the piston combustion chamber and at the center of the piston, and connecting the acquired data signals to a test control system by the thermocouples;
s2, heating the head of the piston sample piece 6 in a non-contact manner by adopting a gas heating manner, and applying a pre-pressure load F to the head area of the piston sample piece 6 to generate a certain pre-stress on the throat of the combustion chamber;
and S3, forcibly cooling the piston sample piece 6 by adopting high-pressure air, and realizing the temperature field simulation and high-low temperature conversion.
The mechanical load is increased by the piston heat engine fatigue strength test load application and test method, so that a certain degree of mechanical prestress is generated at the throat part of the combustion chamber, the application effect of heat engine coupling stress is formed under the action of the thermal load, and the heat engine fatigue strength resistance of the throat part of the combustion chamber is effectively tested. The testing method has the advantages of flexible mechanical load application and adjustment, accurate temperature monitoring of the examined part, application of the heat engine coupling stress of the throat of the piston combustion chamber and the like, and can effectively improve the reliability of the fatigue strength test result of the piston engine. The method performs targeted assessment on the throat of the piston combustion chamber, the distribution state of the thermal stress of the sample piece is basically consistent with the actual use condition of the part, and the reliability evaluation on the structure, the process and other properties of the part can be effectively performed.
The method for applying and testing the load in the thermal engine fatigue strength test of the piston well solves the problem of mechanical load loss in the thermal fatigue strength examination test of the piston. The method has the basic principle that pre-pressing load F is applied to the head area of a piston sample piece 6, a throat of a combustion chamber generates certain pre-stress, and the top of the piston sample piece 6 can generate a coupling effect of thermal stress and mechanical stress under the impact of gas flame; the temperature of the piston sample 6 changes periodically under the action of gas flame heating and high-pressure air forced cooling at the top of the piston sample 6, so that the top of the piston sample 6, especially the throat of a combustion chamber, bears the alternating action of heat engine coupling stress, and the purpose of heat engine fatigue strength examination is achieved. The mechanical stress and the thermal stress are naturally coupled at the throat of the piston, and the level conversion of the mechanical stress at the throat of the piston combustion chamber is realized through the periodic change of the temperature, so that the continuous thermal engine fatigue examination is realized, and the stress state simulation of the sample piece is closer to the working condition state of the piston in use.
The gas impact heating and temperature measuring device is provided by a gas heat load laboratory. The application position of the preload F on the head portion of the piston sample 6 is within 120 degrees in the circumferential direction on both sides of the piston pin hole.
A pair of thermocouples is symmetrically arranged on the circular bead of the throat opening of the combustion chamber of the piston sample piece 6, and the thermocouple is arranged in the center of the piston, so that the temperature and the change condition of the piston sample piece can be conveniently monitored. The temperature field distribution of the piston sample piece 6 is 300-320 ℃ at the center and 340-360 ℃ at the symmetrical round angle. The temperature of the piston sample 6 during cooling is 120-140 ℃.
As shown in fig. 2, in one or more embodiments, the locations A, B, C are thermocouple arrangement points and line channels, wherein the locations A, C are two locations each and are symmetrically arranged, and the location B is a piston center point; the distribution of the piston temperature field is 300-320 ℃ at the middle B point and 340-360 ℃ at A, C points at the circumference. The temperature of the piston sample piece 6 is 120-140 ℃ during cooling.
The thermocouple is bonded with the piston sample piece 6 into a whole by adopting a professional welding process and is connected with a test control system by a data acquisition line through a line channel; the temperature data is monitored and collected in real time, the distribution of the temperature field of the piston is ensured to meet the preset requirement, the test boundary is applied accurately, and the test process is controllable. The circuit channel is opened below the piston sample piece 6 according to the internal structure of the piston sample piece by using a deep hole machining method.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the testing device comprises a piston support 1, a piston pin 2, a loading ring 3, a loading bolt 4 and a heat insulation pad 5, wherein connecting bolt holes are arranged on the bottom plane of the piston support 1 and used for connecting and fastening a heat load test table, pin holes used for placing the piston pin 2 are formed in the upper portion of the piston support 1, two sides of the piston pin 2 are sleeved below a piston sample piece 6, a piston clamp spring is installed between the piston pin 2 and the piston sample piece 6, the piston clamp spring is used for positioning the piston sample piece 6 and the piston pin, axial movement of the piston sample piece 6 is limited, the loading ring 3 is installed above the piston sample piece 6, and the heat insulation pad 5 is arranged between the loading ring 3 and the piston sample piece 6.
The piston sample piece 6 utilizes the piston pin 2 as a support, and is combined with the loading ring 3 to locally load the head of the piston sample piece, the bearing and deformation of the piston head and a compression structure of the piston head are high in similarity with the actual bearing, the mechanical load is carried out by utilizing a loading bolt, the size is adjustable, and the application is flexible.
The loading ring 3 is in an annular through hole structure and is connected with the piston support 1 through a loading bolt 4. The loading ring 3 is sleeved and pressed at the head of the piston sample piece 6 by using a counter bore of the loading ring, and a heat insulation pad 5 is arranged at the bottom of the counter bore in a cushioning mode. The bottom of a counter bore of the loading ring 3 is of a local convex structure, so that the load application to the specified position of the head of the piston sample piece 6 is facilitated; and the loading bolts 4 are arranged in through holes at two sides of the pin hole of the piston support 1, and the holes are 3 respectively. The load born by the head of the piston sample piece 6 is applied by connecting the piston support 1 and the loading ring 3 through the loading bolt 4, the load is set according to the requirement, and the effect of the explosion pressure on the piston in practice is simulated.
The heat insulation pad 5 adopts a heat insulation material as an annular structure, preferably, the heat insulation material is heat insulation glass fiber; the direct contact between the piston sample piece 6 and the loading ring 3 can be avoided, and the heat loss of the piston is reduced; the loading bolt 4 is of an inner hexagonal fine tooth structure, so that moment application and load control are facilitated.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. The method for applying and testing the fatigue strength test load of the piston heat engine is characterized by comprising the following steps: the test device comprises a piston sample piece and a test device arranged below the piston sample piece, and comprises the following specific test steps:
s1, arranging thermocouples near the throat of the piston combustion chamber and at the center of the piston, wherein the thermocouple signals are connected to a test control system;
s2, performing non-contact heating on the head of the piston sample piece in a gas heating mode, and applying a pre-pressure load F to the head area of the piston sample piece 6 to generate a certain pre-stress on the throat of the combustion chamber;
and S3, forcibly cooling the piston sample piece by adopting high-pressure air to realize the temperature field simulation and high-low temperature conversion.
2. A method of applying and testing a piston heat engine fatigue strength test load according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the application positions of the piston sample head preload F are: the circumferential directions of two sides of the piston pin hole are within 120 degrees.
3. A method of applying and testing a piston heat engine fatigue strength test load according to claim 1, wherein: the specific positions of the thermocouples in step S1 are: a pair of thermocouples is symmetrically arranged on a throat fillet of a combustion chamber of the piston sample piece, and the thermocouple is arranged in the center of the piston sample piece.
4. A method of applying and testing a piston heat engine fatigue strength test load according to claim 1, wherein: the thermocouple is bonded with the piston sample piece into a whole by adopting a special welding process and is connected with a test control system by a data acquisition line through a line channel.
5. A piston heat engine fatigue strength test load application and test method as claimed in claim 4, wherein: and the line channel is opened to the lower part of the piston sample piece by a deep hole processing method according to the internal structure of the piston sample piece.
6. A method of applying and testing a piston heat engine fatigue strength test load according to claim 1, wherein: the testing device comprises a piston support, a piston pin, a loading ring and a heat insulation pad, wherein the bottom of the piston support is used for installing a heat load testing table, a pin hole used for placing the piston pin is formed in the upper portion of the piston support, two sides of the piston pin are sleeved in the pin hole, a piston clamp spring is installed between the piston pin and a piston sample piece, the loading ring is installed on the upper portion of the piston sample piece, and the heat insulation pad is arranged between the loading ring and the piston sample piece.
7. A method of applying and testing a piston heat engine fatigue strength test load according to claim 6, wherein: the loading ring is in an annular through hole structure and is connected with the piston support through a loading bolt.
8. A method of applying and testing a piston heat engine fatigue strength test load according to claim 6, wherein: the middle part of the loading ring is provided with a counter bore which is sleeved and pressed at the head part of the piston sample piece, the bottom of the counter bore is padded with a heat insulation pad, and the bottom of the counter bore is of a local convex structure.
9. A method of applying and testing a piston heat engine fatigue strength test load according to claim 6, wherein: the heat insulation pad is of an annular structure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011521426.3A CN112798239A (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Load applying and testing method for piston heat engine fatigue strength test |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011521426.3A CN112798239A (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Load applying and testing method for piston heat engine fatigue strength test |
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| CN112798239A true CN112798239A (en) | 2021-05-14 |
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| CN202011521426.3A Pending CN112798239A (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Load applying and testing method for piston heat engine fatigue strength test |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113758726A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-07 | 同济大学 | Automobile disc brake performance test system and method based on multi-source load loading |
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| CN113758726A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-07 | 同济大学 | Automobile disc brake performance test system and method based on multi-source load loading |
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