CN112796102A - Vacuum sputtering fiber silver plating, product and application thereof - Google Patents
Vacuum sputtering fiber silver plating, product and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112796102A CN112796102A CN202011606623.5A CN202011606623A CN112796102A CN 112796102 A CN112796102 A CN 112796102A CN 202011606623 A CN202011606623 A CN 202011606623A CN 112796102 A CN112796102 A CN 112796102A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/20—Metallic material, boron or silicon on organic substrates
- C23C14/205—Metallic material, boron or silicon on organic substrates by cathodic sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
- D02G3/441—Yarns or threads with antistatic, conductive or radiation-shielding properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/84—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising combined with mechanical treatment
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/26—Polymers or copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
- D06M2101/28—Acrylonitrile; Methacrylonitrile
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/32—Polyesters
Abstract
The invention discloses a vacuum sputtering coating fiber, wherein the prepared conductive fiber is pretreated before vacuum sputtering, a porous structure is formed on the surface of the fiber, and the porous structure can ensure that a coating is firmly adsorbed on the fiber; meanwhile, the sputtering process is combined with the twisting process, the sputtering time of the AB section fiber is equal to the time for obtaining one twist, so that the sputtering of the fiber or the yarn for one circle can be completed in the process of twisting for one circle, the operation is accurate, the materials are saved, and the working procedures are saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a silver plating method for fibers, in particular to a vacuum sputtering silver plating method.
Background
As is well known, a conductive fabric made of conductive fibers has excellent functions of electrical conduction, thermal conduction, shielding and absorbing electromagnetic waves, and the like, and is widely applied to conductive nets and conductive work clothes in the electronic and electric power industries; electric heating clothes, electric heating surfaces and electric heating bandages in the medical industry; electromagnetic shielding cases in the aviation, aerospace and precision electronic industries, and the like. The conductive fiber can be used in the fields of antistatic textiles, electromagnetic radiation prevention textiles, intelligent textiles, military textiles and the like, and is especially essential for sensor fabrics or intelligent fabrics and other science and technology leading-edge products.
Common methods for preparing conductive fibers are divided into the following methods:
1. metal fibers: in order to eliminate static electricity from fibers and fabrics thereof and prevent the occurrence of hazards, human beings have started the work of developing conductive fibers since the 60's of the 20 th century. Conductive fibers generally refer to electrical resistivity<108Omega cm (20 ℃, 65% RH). The earliest conductive fibers were stainless steel fibers sold under the name Brunsmet by brunswick, usa, and were first used in textile processing throughout the world. The metal fiber prepared by utilizing the conductivity of metals such as stainless steel, copper, aluminum and the like has excellent conductivity, heat resistance and chemical corrosion resistance, but the manufacturing cost of the superfine monofilament is very high, the cohesion between the superfine monofilament and common fibers is poor, the blending processing is difficult, the distortion and the hand feeling are poor, and the service performance of the product is poor.
2. Carbon fiber: the subsequent carbon fiber with acrylic fiber and viscose as precursor has excellent conductivity, heat resistance, excellent chemical corrosion resistance and high initial modulus, but its mechanical performance, such as radial strength, is not ideal, and it is used as engineering composite material and has limited its conducting application.
3. Metal plating layer fiber: therefore, new organic conductive fibers have been continuously explored and developed over the 60 s. The practice shows that carbon black or metal compound (sulfide or iodide of copper, silver, nickel and cadmium) is coated or blended with fiber-forming polymer, and composite spinning is the most reasonable way to prepare the fiber with excellent conductivity.
4. Complexing the metal to the conductive fiber: it is prepared by coating conductive component containing metal, carbon black or metal compound (such as copper sulfide, cuprous iodide, etc.) on the surface of fiber to obtain conductive fiber, or adsorbing conductive high polymer such as polyaniline on the surface of fiber to obtain conductive fiber.
5. Organic composite conductive fiber: conductive particles (mainly carbon black or metal compounds) and a matrix polymer (such as polyethylene) are mixed to be used as a conductive component, and the conductive component and a non-conductive main polymer are spun and formed (melt spinning or wet spinning) through a composite spinning plate to prepare the composite conductive fiber with the structures of sheath-core type, three-layer concentric type, three-layer side-by-side type, sea-island type or multi-core type, mosaic type and the like.
6. Direct spinning of the conductive polymer: since polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and other conductive polymers are difficult to melt, direct wet spinning is generally adopted to produce conductive fibers.
The metal fiber has poor hand feeling, the carbon fiber has high cost, the organic composite fiber has poor compatibility during blending, the conductive polymer fiber has insufficient performance, the metal coating fiber has simple preparation method, different fibers can be selected according to different requirements, and the conductive performance is excellent, but the bonding force between the metal coating and the fiber is not strong, and the improvement of the bonding fastness of the metal coating is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently based on the consideration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fiber silver plating method which can effectively improve the binding force and simultaneously meet the requirements of good conductivity and simple operation, aiming at the technical problem of weak binding force of the existing metal coating fiber.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the fiber containing the metal coating is characterized in that a main body of the fiber is a fiber, the main body of the fiber is of a porous structure, a layer of metal is plated on the surface of the fiber through vacuum sputtering, and the metal layer is tightly combined with the porous structure to improve the binding force.
According to the invention, the fiber surface layer is prepared into a porous structure, so that the roughness of the fiber surface layer is increased, and in the vacuum sputtering process, sputtered metal atoms are adsorbed to fibers and form a film, the metal atoms can be embedded into porous holes of the fibers to form a structure similar to a plug, so that the metal layer and the fiber main body have higher fastness.
More specifically, the invention further envisages the preparation of a porous structured fibrous body which is capable of having suitable pores which are capable of favouring the insertion of metal atoms and of improving the fastness of the metal layer to the fibrous body.
The thickness of the metal layer is 0.01-0.1 mm.
Further, the metal can be selected from gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, lead and tin;
further, the metal is preferably silver.
The fibers may be polyacrylonitrile, polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, aramid, nylon, or the like.
The preparation method of the metal coating fiber is characterized in that the fiber is pretreated and then is subjected to vacuum sputtering to enable metal to be coated on the fiber.
Further, the key point of the present invention is to prepare a fibrous body having a porous structure.
Furthermore, the invention also provides a preparation method of the porous fiber.
The fiber main body obtained by pretreating the fiber is of a porous structure.
For preparing the porous fiber, the purpose is to make the fiber surface rougher, after the traditional synthetic fiber is subjected to spinning and stretching, the fiber surface presents a smooth structure, and the fiber structure is compact, so that a load is difficult to load on the fiber surface in the subsequent treatment process, and the load fastness is poor. Therefore, the key point of the concept of the invention is how to make the fiber surface rougher, so that the fiber surface layer has more anchor points, and the metal plating layer can plate the loaded fiber surface layer more stably.
The pretreatment of the invention has two schemes, the first is to improve the surface roughness of the fiber through a load, and the method is equivalent to adding a bridge between the metal coating and the fiber body, thereby ensuring that the fiber body and the metal coating have better adhesive property.
The other method is to carry out etching treatment on the fiber matrix to strip off partial substances in the fiber body, so that the fiber surface is rough, and the fiber body is provided with more anchor points for loading the metal coating.
One of the pretreatment methods comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing the polymer into the required fiber by adopting a melt spinning or solution spinning method; the polymer may be polyacrylonitrile, polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, aramid, nylon, or the like.
(2) Dissolving polylactic acid by using an organic solvent which is incompatible with water or difficult to dissolve to form a uniform and stable solution, wherein the concentration of the polylactic acid is 5-100 mg/mL;
the organic solvent is chloralkane, tetrahydrofuran and the like;
(3) soaking the fiber obtained in the step 1 in the solution obtained in the step 2 for 10-60 min;
(4) and (3) taking out the fiber obtained in the step (3), directly placing the fiber in a humid environment, controlling the air humidity to be 10-100%, and drying to obtain the pretreated fiber.
The pretreatment method is that polylactic acid is used as a finishing agent and loaded on a fiber matrix, and the finishing agent is difficult to be uniformly adsorbed on the fiber surface, and the polylactic acid can also migrate to a certain extent in the solvent volatilization process, so that a rough and uneven structure is formed on the surface of the fiber matrix.
Wherein, another pretreatment comprises the following specific steps:
(1) melting or dissolving a polymer to obtain a spinning solution, adding nano silicon dioxide into the spinning solution, and uniformly stirring, wherein the particle size of the nano silicon dioxide is 10-200 nm;
the polymer can be polyacrylonitrile, polyester, polypropylene, aramid fiber, nylon and the like;
(2) spinning the uniformly stirred spinning solution through a spinneret plate to obtain the required fiber;
(3) and (3) carrying out alkali washing on the fiber obtained by spinning, wherein the alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the like, the concentration of alkali liquor is 2-20%, the alkali washing time is 10-60min, and washing and drying are carried out to obtain the required pretreated fiber.
The pretreatment mode mainly comprises the steps of treating the fibers by using alkali liquor with higher concentration, combining the nano titanium dioxide existing in the fibers, enabling the nano titanium dioxide to be self-generated and to have salient points on the surfaces of the fibers, and enabling the surfaces of the fibers to be rough by using the alkali liquor with high concentration.
Furthermore, the invention provides a method for plating metal on the pretreated fiber.
Further, the specific metallization treatment is to carry out the fiber twisting step and the metallization process simultaneously.
The fiber prepared by the method can obtain a coating more uniformly and improve the effect of the fiber coating.
Furthermore, the vacuum sputtering device is provided with a structure for twisting the fiber.
Furthermore, the vacuum sputtering is carried out along with the fiber twisting process, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) the pretreated fiber is led out from a static bobbin, and the fiber penetrates through the top end of a spindle into radial wire guide holes of a hollow spindle rod and a wire storage disc. The yarn to be twisted is twisted with one twist per revolution of the spindle. The twisted silk threads are led out from the radial silk guide holes of the silk storage disc.
(2) And the vacuum sputtering device is arranged immediately before the spindle blade, the fiber is positioned on a vacuum sputtering sample table during the twisting process, the vacuum and sputtering current are adjusted, the vacuum sputtering time of the fiber is equal to the time for obtaining a twist, the sputtering is continuously carried out, and the fiber is taken out and dried after the sputtering is finished, so that the fiber is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the conductive fiber prepared by the invention is pretreated before vacuum sputtering, the pretreatment enables the surface of the fiber to form a porous structure, the surface of the fiber is rough, more anchor points are added, and the porous structure enables a plating layer to be firmly adsorbed on the fiber;
(2) the sputtering process is combined with the twisting process, the sputtering time of the fiber is equal to the time for obtaining one twist, so that the sputtering of the fiber or the yarn for one circle can be completed exactly in the process of twisting for one circle, the operation is accurate, the materials are saved, and the working procedures are saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1: scanning electron micrographs of fibers prepared in example 1 without pretreatment;
FIG. 2: scanning electron micrographs of fibers prepared in example 1 after pretreatment;
FIG. 3: scanning electron micrographs of silver-plated fibers prepared in example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the practice of the invention.
Example 1: method for producing fibers
(1) Spinning and forming; a. preparing required raw materials: weighing 89-94 parts of acrylonitrile and 0.3-0.5 part of sodium methallyl sulfonate for later use; b. mixing acrylonitrile and sodium methallyl sulfonate, adjusting the concentration of the mixture to 30-40 wt%, and continuously carrying out aqueous phase suspension polymerization reaction at the temperature of 58-62 ℃ and under the environment of pH 2.5-3.5; stopping the reacted polymer through a chelation reaction, removing unreacted monomers by using a stripping tower, removing salt and water by using a washing filter, granulating, forming, drying to obtain a powdery polymer, mixing and dissolving the powdery polymer with dimethylacetamide, and filtering to obtain a spinning solution; c. heating the spinning stock solution to 82-90 ℃ by a heater, extruding the heated stock solution from a rectangular hole of a spinneret plate, wherein the extrusion pressure is 0.7-0.9MPa, and forming nascent fiber by double diffusion in a coagulating bath; (2) the nascent fiber enters a secondary coagulating bath for forming, and then cold drafting, water washing and hot drafting are carried out, wherein the total drafting multiplying power is less than or equal to 12, and the speed is 30-60 m/min; the temperature of the water tank is 80-90 ℃ during washing, and the washing flow is 3000L/h; (3) carrying out thermal drying densification treatment on the fiber, wherein the wet-bulb temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the dry-bulb temperature is 120-150 ℃; (4) carrying out heat setting on the fibers, wherein the heat setting temperature is 102-120 ℃; (5) passing the shaped tow through a steam box at a draw ratio of 1.4-1.8: and (1) stretching the tows under the condition of 1 to obtain the acrylic fibers.
(2) Pretreatment: and (2) dissolving polylactic acid by using trichloromethane, wherein the concentration of the polylactic acid solution is 20mg/mL, soaking the fiber prepared in the step (1) in the polylactic acid solution for 20min, taking out the fiber, directly placing the fiber in air with certain humidity, controlling the air humidity to be 50%, and drying to obtain the porous fiber.
Example 2: method for producing fibers
(1) Spinning and forming: producing polyester chips by solid phase polymerization of polyester low molecular weight chips comprising silica, the polyester chips having an intrinsic viscosity of 1.10 and a moisture content of 30ppm or less; melt spinning a polyester chip through a spinneret in a spinneret assembly, wherein the polyester chip is melted at a temperature of 290 ℃ and extruded into flow channels of a polymer dispersion plate, each flow channel having a static mixer consisting of at least three units; oiling a monofilament extruded from a spinneret with a 15% aqueous emulsion finish prepared from a stock solution containing a dialkylthio-diester and 50% by weight or more of a fatty acid monoester or an alkyl alkylate, with the dialkylthio-diester being at least 30% by weight, at a unit oiling rate of 0.5%, the finish serving as a lubricant; winding the multifilament yarn at a speed of 3000m/min to obtain an undrawn yarn; and continuously stretching the undrawn yarn.
(2) And (3) carrying out alkali washing on the obtained fiber, wherein the alkali is sodium hydroxide, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 5 wt%, the alkali washing time is 30min, and the porous fiber is obtained after water washing and drying.
Example 3: sputtering of metal fibers
The pretreated fibers obtained in examples 1 and 2 were sputtered to obtain silver-plated fibers. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the fibers are drawn from a stationary bobbin and are threaded through the top of the spindle into the hollow spindle shaft and the radial guide holes of the yarn storage disk. The yarn to be twisted obtains a twist degree along with each rotation of the spindle blade, and the twisted yarn is led out from the radial yarn guide hole of the yarn storage disc and then passes through the yarn guide hook fixed above.
(2) And a vacuum sputtering device is arranged immediately before the spindle blade, the fiber is positioned on a vacuum sputtering sample table during the twisting process, the vacuum and sputtering current are adjusted, the sputtering time of the fiber is equal to the time for obtaining a twist, the sputtering is continuously carried out, and the fiber is taken out and dried after the sputtering is finished, so that the preparation of the sputtered metal fiber is obtained.
Comparative example 1: method for producing fibers
The preparation method was the same as that of example 1 except that no pretreatment was performed.
Comparative example 2: method for producing fibers
The preparation method is the same as that of example 2, except that no silica is added and no pretreatment is performed.
Comparative example 3: sputtering of metal fibers
The difference from example 3 is that the fibers used were the fibers prepared in comparative examples 1 and 2.
And (3) resistivity testing: the fibers were tested for resistance using a fiber specific resistance tester.
And (3) durability test: the silver-plated fiber with a certain length is rubbed at a constant speed by using a multifunctional yarn wear-resistant tester, the rubbing length is 100mm, the rubbing frequency is 80 times/min, the tension weight is 200cN, and the rubbing frequency is 200 times, so that the conductivity of the fiber is tested.
The method for preparing silver-plated metal fiber of example 3 was carried out using the fiber obtained in example 1 as a starting material, and the conductivity resistivity was 7X 10-4Omega cm, resistivity after 200 rubs 1X 10-4Ω·cm；
The method for preparing silver-plated metal fiber of example 3 was carried out using the fiber obtained in example 2 as a starting material, and the conductivity resistivity was 3X 10-4Omega cm, resistivity after 200 rubs 9X 10-3Ω·cm；
Comparative example 3 according to the method for preparing silver-plated metal fiber of example 3, the fiber obtained in comparative example 1 was used as a raw material and had a conductivity resistivity of 9X 10-4Omega cm, resistivity after 200 rubs 3X 10-1Ω·cm；
Comparative example 3 according to the method for preparing silver-plated metal fiber of example 3, the fiber obtained in comparative example 2 was used as a raw material and had a conductivity resistivity of 8 x 10-4Omega cm, resistivity after 200 rubs 4X 10-1Ω·cm；
It can be seen that the prepared metal-plated fiber has better conductivity, but the resistivity of the fiber is obviously increased after the friction, and the resistivity of the fiber is obviously increased without pretreatment, which shows that the pretreatment matching of the invention can obviously improve the durability of the fiber, so that the fiber still has better end point performance after a long service time.
It should be understood that in light of the foregoing description, as will be evident to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the invention, and such changes and modifications are to be considered as within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The fiber containing the metal coating is characterized in that a main body of the fiber containing the metal coating is a fiber, the main body of the fiber is of a porous structure, a layer of metal is plated on the surface of the fiber through vacuum sputtering, and the metal layer is tightly combined with the porous structure to improve the binding force.
2. A fibre comprising a metal coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal layer has a thickness of 0.01 to 0.1mm and the metal is selected from one or more of gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminium, lead and tin.
3. A fibre comprising a metal coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fibre is one or more of polyacrylonitrile, polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, aramid, nylon.
4. The fiber comprising a metal coating of claim 1, wherein the fiber is pre-treated and then vacuum sputtered to deposit metal on the fiber;
the pretreatment is to improve the surface roughness of the fiber through a load;
or, the pretreatment is to carry out etching treatment on the fiber matrix, so that part of substances in the fiber body are peeled off, and the surface of the fiber is rough.
5. The fiber containing metal coating of claim 4, wherein the pretreatment is a treatment for increasing the surface roughness of the fiber by a load, and the specific steps of the pretreatment are as follows:
(1) preparing the polymer into the required fiber by adopting a melt spinning or solution spinning method; the polymer can be one or more of polyacrylonitrile, polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, aramid fiber and nylon;
(2) dissolving polylactic acid into a uniform and stable solution by using an organic solvent which is incompatible with water or difficult to dissolve, wherein the concentration of the polylactic acid is 5-100mg/mL, and the organic solvent is chloralkane, tetrahydrofuran and the like;
(3) soaking the fiber obtained in the step 1 in the solution obtained in the step 2 for 10-60 min;
(4) and (3) taking out the fiber obtained in the step (3), directly placing the fiber in a humid environment, controlling the air humidity to be 10-100%, and drying to obtain the pretreated fiber.
6. The fiber containing metal coating of claim 4, wherein the pre-treatment is performed by etching the fiber matrix to remove part of the substance from the fiber body and roughen the fiber surface, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) melting or dissolving a polymer to obtain a spinning solution, adding nano silicon dioxide into the spinning solution, and uniformly stirring, wherein the particle size of the nano silicon dioxide is 10-200nm, and the polymer can be one or more of polyacrylonitrile, polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, aramid fiber and nylon;
(2) spinning the uniformly stirred spinning solution through a spinneret plate to obtain the required fiber;
(3) and (3) carrying out alkali washing on the fiber obtained by spinning, wherein the alkali is one or two of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, the concentration of the alkali liquor is 2-20%, the alkali washing time is 10-60min, and washing and drying are carried out to obtain the required pretreated fiber.
7. A method for preparing a fiber comprising a metal coating according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the vacuum sputtering is carried out along with a fiber twisting process, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) leading out the pretreated fiber from a static bobbin, leading the fiber into radial thread guide holes of a hollow spindle rod and a thread storage disc through the top end of a spindle, and obtaining a twist degree by the yarn to be twisted along with each rotation of the spindle rod;
(2) and the vacuum sputtering device is arranged immediately before the spindle blade, the fiber is positioned on a vacuum sputtering sample table during the twisting process, the vacuum and sputtering current are adjusted, the sputtering time of the fiber is equal to the time for obtaining a twist, the sputtering is continued, and the fiber is taken out and dried after the sputtering is finished, so that the fiber is obtained.
8. Use of a fiber comprising a metal coating according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for antistatic, electromagnetic shielding, smart fabrics.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114717842A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-07-08 | 圣华盾防护科技股份有限公司 | Electromagnetic shielding fabric and preparation method thereof |
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