CN112787010B - Metal-air battery and pile system thereof - Google Patents
Metal-air battery and pile system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112787010B CN112787010B CN201911003860.XA CN201911003860A CN112787010B CN 112787010 B CN112787010 B CN 112787010B CN 201911003860 A CN201911003860 A CN 201911003860A CN 112787010 B CN112787010 B CN 112787010B
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 198
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003075 superhydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 mobile phone screens Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
- H01M12/065—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode with plate-like electrodes or stacks of plate-like electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0276—Sealing means characterised by their form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a metal air battery and a pile system thereof, wherein the pile is formed by stacking a plurality of battery monomers in a cascade mode, and each battery monomer comprises a monomer frame, an anode and a cathode: the monomer frame is provided with a reaction cavity and a reaction window on the side surface of the reaction cavity, the anode is pressed on the monomer frame on the outer side of the reaction window through a ventilation plate, the reaction window is covered and shielded, and the inner side surface of the anode is contacted with electrolyte of the reaction cavity; the negative electrode cartridge is fixed in the reaction cavity, is parallel to the inner side surface of the positive electrode, is provided with an electrolyte and air circulation structure on the single frame, is simple and compact in structure, improves the volume energy density of the air battery, enables the arrangement of a plurality of stacked single-battery electrolyte circulation pipelines to be simplified and efficient, enables an air inlet channel to actively provide flowing circulation air through the pipelines, can be connected with an oxygen cylinder for operation under specific application scenes, is simple and reliable in pile assembly mode, high in assembly efficiency and good in consistency, and is more suitable for mass production of industrial production lines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a metal-air battery, and particularly relates to a metal-air battery and a pile system thereof.
Background
The metal-air battery monomer is a chemical power supply which takes oxygen in air as an anode active material, takes metal as a cathode active material, takes conductive solution as electrolyte, and generates electric energy through chemical reaction under the catalysis of an anode catalyst.
The single body of the metal air battery has a plurality of unique advantages, and the fuel is metal materials such as aluminum, magnesium, zinc, lithium, sodium and other metals; because fuel aluminum, magnesium and zinc reserves are rich, metal-air battery resources can be supplied in sufficient quantity. The positive electrode active material is oxygen in air, the battery does not need to be carried, and the energy carried by the battery is determined by the amount of negative electrode metal, so that the actual specific energy of the battery can reach more than 865Wh/kg (the current lithium ion battery is below 300 Wh/kg), and the battery has great performance advantages. The product after the reaction can be changed into raw materials with wide use of oxides such as alumina, magnesia and the like after being continuously processed, and can be applied to a plurality of industries such as sapphire, mobile phone screens, ceramics, cosmetics and the like. It is also possible to re-electrolyze alumina (or magnesia) to metal by using clean energy such as wind energy, solar energy, water energy, etc. or electric energy in an electric energy rich region, and then re-install it into a metal air battery to discharge. Therefore, concentrated large-scale production can be realized, pollution and emission can be reduced, concentrated power supply and dispersed use can be realized, green electric energy with lower cost is transferred to places with high electric energy cost for use, and electric energy is transferred from places where energy sources are easy to obtain to places where energy sources are difficult to obtain for use. The novel energy automobile power battery without pollution and zero carbon emission can be truly realized, the green energy recycling without pollution and zero carbon emission is realized in the process, and the metal air battery is increasingly valued worldwide.
At present, because electrolyte and air are required to be continuously provided, the electrolyte and air channels inside the assembled electric pile are complex, the whole structure of the electric pile is redundant, the nano-scale reaction product is easy to block the circulation channel of the electrolyte, the maintenance difficulty is extremely high, the system operation cost is greatly occupied, and the working efficiency of the battery is reduced.
Meanwhile, the negative electrode in the metal air battery is a consumption electrode, most of the current metal negative electrodes of the metal air battery are of a single-piece structure, and the metal negative electrodes are thinner and thinner in the use process, so that a certain thickness or a longitudinal and transverse framework structure is required to be reserved to prevent the metal negative electrodes from falling into a reaction cavity of a battery cell, and the use of a negative electrode metal plate of the battery is incomplete, so that the waste of negative electrode materials is caused. The area of the electrode leading-out connecting piece is small, the connecting mode is complex, the assembly is complex, the connecting resistance is large, the line loss is serious, and the discharging efficiency is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: aiming at the problem of low battery working efficiency caused by complex structure of the existing metal-air battery, the novel metal-air battery and a pile system thereof are provided.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
The metal air battery comprises a single frame, anodes symmetrically arranged on two side surfaces of the single frame and cathodes arranged in the middle of the single frame;
the monomer frame is provided with a reaction cavity and a reaction window on the side surface of the reaction cavity; the positive electrode is tightly pressed on the monomer frame outside the reaction window through the ventilation plate, the reaction window is covered and shielded, and the inner side surface of the positive electrode is contacted with electrolyte in the reaction cavity; the negative electrode is inserted and fixed in the reaction cavity and is arranged in parallel with the inner side surface of the positive electrode;
the single frame is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet which are communicated with the inside of the reaction cavity, and overflow ports are arranged on two sides of the top of the reaction cavity and are communicated with the reflux cavity through the overflow ports; the water inlet is positioned in the middle of the bottom of the reaction cavity; the water outlet is positioned at the bottom of the backflow cavity; electrolyte in the reaction cavity flows between the anode and the cathode after entering the reaction cavity from the water inlet, and flows out from the water outlet through the overflow port and the backflow cavity;
and the ventilation plate is provided with a ventilation window exposing the outer side face of the positive electrode.
Further, a circle of positive electrode sealing groove is formed in the single frame at the periphery of the reaction window, a circle of positive electrode sealing ring is embedded in the positive electrode sealing groove, a circle of hot melting columns are arranged along the positive electrode sealing groove, positioning holes corresponding to the hot melting columns one by one are formed in the positive electrode sealing ring, the positive electrode and the ventilation plate respectively, the hot melting columns penetrate through the ends of the positioning holes in the positive electrode sealing ring, the positive electrode and the ventilation plate to form a hot melting head through hot melting expansion, and the positive electrode sealing ring, the positive electrode and the ventilation plate are fixed on the single frame in a sealing mode.
Further, the reaction window of the unit frame is provided with an insulating strip for separating the positive electrode from the negative electrode in the battery.
Further, the side edge of the positive electrode is provided with a leading-out folded edge which extends to the front end face and the rear end face of the single frame, the positive electrode leading-out copper sheet and the leading-out folded edge are tightly fixed on the end face of the single frame, and the wiring end of the positive electrode leading-out copper sheet is led out to the top of the single frame for battery winding displacement.
Further, the leading-out folded edge is a metal net or a metal plate of the positive current collector.
Further, the reaction cavity or the reflux cavity is provided with a breathing port on the monomer frame higher than the overflow port
In the metal-air battery, the negative electrode comprises a substrate and a negative electrode plate attached to the surface of the substrate, the negative electrode plate is in contact with a negative electrode lead copper sheet, and the negative electrode lead copper sheet is exposed out of an end part of an insulating handle arranged on the top of the substrate.
Further, the outward flange of base plate surpasses the outward flange of negative plate and forms the location protruding muscle, set up the negative pole slot of same width with the negative pole on the top monomer frame of reaction chamber, inside be equipped with the negative pole positioning baffle that is used for negative pole cartridge to fix a position, the inboard of negative pole positioning baffle sets up the spacing negative pole constant head tank of location protruding muscle direction on with the negative pole.
Further, the negative electrode positioning baffle plates on two sides of the negative electrode separate the reaction cavity from the backflow cavities on two sides, two overflow ports which are communicated with the reaction cavity and the backflow cavities on two sides are arranged at the top of the negative electrode positioning baffle plates, and overflow platforms of a table tongue structure which stretches out of the backflow cavities are arranged on the two overflow ports.
Further, a negative electrode sealing ring is arranged on the surface of the substrate between the insulating handle and the negative electrode plate.
The invention also discloses a galvanic pile system which is formed by cascading, overlapping and assembling the metal-air battery monomers;
a plurality of ventilation grooves are formed in the outer side surface of the ventilation plate, and at least one end of each ventilation groove is communicated with the ventilation window; the single frames are provided with air inlets and air outlets which are communicated with the ventilation grooves, the air inlets, the air outlets, the water inlets and the water outlets of the single frames of adjacent batteries are in butt joint one by one after the single batteries are overlapped and spliced, a continuous water inlet channel, a continuous water outlet channel, a continuous air inlet channel and a continuous air outlet channel are formed in the whole pile, and a plurality of air flow channels which are communicated with the air inlet channel and the air outlet channel are formed between the anodes of the adjacent batteries through ventilation windows and ventilation grooves on the ventilation plates;
The bottom of the reaction cavity is a funnel-shaped slope, the water inlet is in butt joint with the lowest position of the slope, and a spoiler for disturbing the flow balance of flowing liquid is arranged in the water inlet;
wherein, the water inlet of the outermost is connected to electrolyte conveying equipment, the delivery port of the outermost is connected to electrolyte recovery equipment, the air inlet of the outermost is connected to gas conveying equipment with gas purification function, and the air outlet of the outermost is connected to gas recovery equipment.
Further, the air inlet is positioned below the ventilation plate of the battery inner single frame, and the air outlet is positioned on two sides and above the ventilation plate of the battery inner single frame.
According to the metal air battery, the water inlet is arranged at the bottom of the reaction cavity, electrolyte enters from the bottom of the reaction cavity and then gradually fills the reaction cavity, overflows to the reflux cavity through the top of the reaction cavity, and finally flows out from the water outlet, so that the circulation of the electrolyte is realized. The electrolyte fully impregnates the cathode and the anode of the battery, so that the discharge reaction of the electrode material is more balanced, and the electrode material can be more effectively utilized to participate in the discharge reaction.
The single frame is also provided with a breathing port which is communicated with the reaction cavity, so that the pressure in the reaction cavity is consistent with the external atmospheric pressure, the positive electrode is not stretched and damaged by positive pressure or negative pressure generated by electrolyte in and out, and the gas generated during the operation of the battery can be exhausted or collected.
The stacks of the plurality of single battery cells are directly connected in a butt joint way through the water inlet and the water outlet, and only the two ends of the outermost side of the stacks are connected with electrolyte conveying equipment and electrolyte recycling (purifying treatment) equipment through pipelines, so that the electrolyte pipelines of the whole stacks are simpler.
Electrolyte can be regarded as long pipeline transportation in the circulation passageway of pile, and electrolyte can produce "fish-bellied distribution" effect in perpendicular to direction of delivery when long pipeline flows to lead to the inside range of liquid level rising of each battery monomer reaction chamber in the pile inconsistent, the concrete expression is: (1) The one-way liquid supply is that the height of one end of the water inlet is gradually increased from one end to the other end, and (2) the two-way liquid supply is that the lower middle part of the water inlet ends at two ends is high, even the liquid level of the electrolyte in part of the single cell reaction cavity cannot reach the overflow height, so that the electrolyte circulation cannot be formed. In order to avoid the phenomenon, the invention is provided with the spoiler in the water inlet of the monomer frame, and the spoiler is used for disturbing the electrolyte flowing in the butt joint channel of the water inlet, so that the rising amplitude and the flow velocity of the electrolyte liquid level of the reaction cavity in the cascade and overlapped battery monomer are consistent.
Electrolyte reaches an upper outlet through the reaction cavity, and flows downwards from the reflux cavities at two sides into the water outlet, so that the rising flow speed of the electrolyte liquid level in the cascade stacked battery monomers tends to be consistent, the discharge reaction among the battery monomers is consistent, and the discharge efficiency is consistent.
The monomer frame is generally made of high-temperature-resistant and alkali-resistant plastic materials, the super-hydrophobic materials with alkali resistance are sprayed on the plastic surfaces, which are in contact with the electrolyte, of the monomer frame, the water drops cannot slide and spread on the surfaces of the super-hydrophobic materials to keep a spherical rolling shape by utilizing the rejection of the super-hydrophobic materials to water, so that the rolling self-cleaning effect is achieved, the cavity walls inside the monomer frame can be kept clean, and the electrolyte can be prevented from corroding the inner walls of the monomer frame.
The reaction cavity is internally coated with the high-temperature and strong-alkali resistant super-hydrophobic materials on the plastic surface in contact with the electrolyte, on the overflow platform at the top and in the reflux cavity, and the nano-scale reaction organisms are not adhered to the surface of the reaction cavity to form plaque blockage, and the electrolyte falls down to the reflux cavity through the overflow platform to form intermittent cut-off and unidirectional conduction, so that the resistance of a water outlet of a single battery is increased, and the electric energy loss caused by the short circuit of the liquid flow at the output end when a plurality of single batteries are cascaded is greatly reduced.
The super-hydrophobic material is other materials with the same functions such as PTFE coating with high temperature resistance and strong alkali resistance. The invention also solves the problem of active positive pressure air circulation supply among all the battery cells in the electric pile, the air flow channel is combined with the positive electrode fixing structure, the positive electrodes on the battery cells are fixed by adopting the ventilation plate, the ventilation plate is used as a part contacted with the positive electrodes, and the ventilation plate is overlapped with the adjacent battery cells to form a ventilation part for supplying air to the positive electrodes. The ventilation plate is provided with the ventilation window and the ventilation groove, the air inlet and the air outlet on the battery cells are combined to form an air inlet channel and an air outlet channel after superposition to form an air flow channel communicated between the electric stacks, air enters two sides of the battery cells from the inner pipeline of the single frame through air delivery equipment such as a fan and the like with the air purification function, oxygen required by reaction is provided for the anode of the battery through the air flow channel formed after superposition of the ventilation plates of adjacent battery cells, air is discharged from the two sides of the ventilation groove of the ventilation plate or the air outlet on the two sides of the upper part, air circulation among a plurality of battery cells is realized, and air flowing actively and positively provides enough oxygen required by discharge reaction for the anode, and takes away heat on the surface of the anode, so that the cooling and heat dissipation problems of the anode are improved, the service life of the anode is prolonged, and the electric stacks can be used under a closed environment.
The metal-air battery also solves the problems of complicated installation operation and unsmooth sealing of the positive electrode, a plurality of protruding hot-melt columns are arranged on the periphery of a reaction window of a single frame, the hot-melt columns and the single frame are integrally formed, a positive electrode sealing groove is arranged at the edge of the reaction window, a positive electrode sealing ring is arranged in the positive electrode sealing groove, a positive electrode is arranged at the outer side of the positive electrode sealing ring, and a ventilation plate is arranged at the outer side of the positive electrode. The positive electrode and the ventilation plate are respectively provided with a positioning hole site corresponding to the hot-melt column on the single frame, after the positioning hole sites on all the positive electrode and the ventilation plate are aligned with the hot-melt column one by one, the ventilation plate and the positive electrode are tightly pressed, then all the hot-melt column ends are hot-melted to form a reversely buckled hot-melt head through hot-melt equipment, the size of the hot-melt head after expansion exceeds the diameter of the positioning hole site on the ventilation plate, the ventilation plate is limited, the positive electrode is tightly pressed and fastened in such a way, and a reaction window on the single frame is sealed.
The metal-air battery adopts the composite negative electrode structure of the substrate and the negative electrode plate, the negative electrode plate participating in the discharge reaction is fixed in the single frame through the substrate in an inserting way, only the negative electrode plate reacts with the positive electrode in the discharge reaction process, all the negative electrode plates can be directly and completely reacted, and the use efficiency of the negative electrode metal material is improved; the substrate adopts a stainless steel plate or a non-metal plate which does not participate in discharge reaction, so that loss can not occur in the use process, and the single negative electrode is installed through the substrate slots at the two sides in the reaction cavity, so that the situation that the negative electrode falls into the battery due to fracture can not occur; the composite negative electrode is placed in a mode of being placed in the slot and the positioning slot, so that the metal fuel is replaced more simply and quickly; the negative electrode sealing ring is arranged between the negative electrode and the single frame, so that the electrolyte in the single frame can be effectively sealed.
In summary, the structural design of the battery is carried out by starting from the materials used, the lead-out electrode connection mode, the air circulation mode and the electrolyte circulation mode, the problems of sealing of the single battery anode, balanced oxygen supply of the anode, ventilation and cooling of the anode and the like are solved, the problems of sealing and use efficiency of the cathode are solved, the problems of efficient circulation of the electrolyte are solved, the stacked and assembled galvanic pile is simple and compact in structure, the volume of the stacked and assembled galvanic pile is reduced, the utilization rate of electrode materials is improved, the arrangement of a galvanic pile electrolyte circulation pipeline in the process of stacking and assembling a plurality of groups of single batteries is simplified, the flowing circulating air is provided by the air inlet channel through the pipeline in an active positive pressure mode, the cooling and heat dissipation problems of the anode are improved, the service life of the anode is prolonged, the oxygen cylinder can be connected to operate in an anoxic state, the output capacity and the use efficiency of the metal-air battery are greatly improved, and the application range of the metal-air battery is improved. The electric pile assembly mode is simple and reliable, high in assembly efficiency and good in consistency, is more suitable for batch production, and can be recycled in an environment-friendly classification mode during retirement. The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal-air battery cell according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is an exploded schematic view of a metal-air battery cell in an embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single frame structure in an embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a single frame structure in the second embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the locations of the reaction chamber and the reflow chamber within the monomer frame in an embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a part of a reaction chamber between a positive electrode and a negative electrode inside a single frame in an embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a negative electrode structure in the embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a positive electrode structure in an embodiment.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a vent plate structure in an embodiment.
Fig. 10 is a side view of a aeration panel in an embodiment.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the flow path of the electrolyte inside the battery in the embodiment.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the flow path of the battery surface air in the embodiment.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a pile structure in the embodiment.
Reference numerals in the drawings:
1-a single frame, 100-a reaction window, 101-an insulating strip, 102-a reaction cavity, 103-a negative electrode slot, 104-a negative electrode positioning slot, 105-a negative electrode leading-out fixing hole, 106-a hot melt column, 107-a positive electrode sealing slot, 111-a water inlet, 112-a water outlet, 113-a spoiler, 114-a breathing port, 115-an overflow port, 116-a backflow cavity, 121-an air inlet, 122-an exhaust hole, 123-a diversion trench and 131-a fixing through hole;
2-positive electrode, 200-positive electrode lead-out copper sheet, 201-lead-out folded edge, 202-seal positioning hole, 203-lead-out fixing hole, 21-positive electrode sealing ring, 22-ventilation plate, 221-ventilation window, 222-ventilation groove, 223-ventilation plate positioning hole, 23-side cover and 24-nut baffle;
3-cathode, 300-cathode lead-out copper sheet, 301-substrate, 302-negative plate, 303-positioning convex rib, 304-insulating handle and 305-cathode sealing ring.
Detailed Description
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the metal-air battery in the drawings is a specific embodiment of the present invention, and specifically includes a single frame 1, a positive electrode 2 and a negative electrode 3, wherein the negative electrode 3 is a metal electrode capable of participating in a discharge reaction of the metal-air battery, the metal participating in the discharge reaction is an aluminum plate, a magnesium plate or a zinc plate, the metal participating in the discharge reaction is fixedly inserted into an internal reaction cavity of the single frame 1, the positive electrode 2 is fixedly installed on a reaction window 100 of the single frame 1, the reaction window 100 communicated with the reaction cavity is covered and shielded, the positive electrode 2 can realize sealing of an electrolyte, and oxygen is provided for the discharge reaction inside the reaction cavity.
As shown in fig. 2, the anode 2 of the present embodiment is pressed and mounted on the single frame outside the reaction window 100 by the ventilation plate 22, so as to cover and shield the reaction window 100 on the side surface of the reaction cavity inside the single frame. In this embodiment, two sides of the single frame 1 are provided with reaction windows 100 directly connected to the reaction cavity, so that two groups of anodes 2 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the single frame 1 respectively, and two groups of discharge reactions are formed by two groups of anodes and two negative plates fixedly inserted in the single frame 1 respectively. The side edge of the positive electrode 2 extends to the front end face and the rear end face of the single frame 1, the front end face and the rear end face of the single frame 1 are closed through side covers 23, the side edge of the positive electrode 2 and a positive electrode lead-out copper sheet 200 are tightly fixed on the side covers 23 of the single frame 1 together through nut baffle plates 24, and the positive electrode lead-out copper sheet 200 is used for positive electrode lead-out wiring.
Referring to fig. 4, a circle of positive electrode sealing groove 107 is formed in the single body frame 1 positioned at the periphery of the reaction window 100, a circle of positive electrode sealing ring 21 is embedded in the sealing groove 107, the positive electrode 2 is pressed in the single body frame through the ventilation plate 22, and meanwhile, the positive electrode sealing ring 21 is pressed in the positive electrode sealing groove 107, so that the seal between the positive electrode 2 and the reaction window 100 of the single body frame 1 is formed, and electrolyte in the reaction cavity is prevented from leaking. Meanwhile, a circle of a plurality of hot-melt columns 106 are also arranged along the periphery of the anode sealing groove 107 or the reaction window 100, and the hot-melt columns 106 are of an equal-cross-section column-shaped structure which is integrally injection molded with the single frame 1. Referring to fig. 8 and 9, a circle of sealing positioning holes 202 corresponding to the hot-melt columns 106 one by one is arranged on the positive electrode 2, a circle of ventilation plate positioning holes 223 corresponding to the hot-melt columns 106 one by one is arranged on the ventilation plate 22, the sealing positioning holes 202 and the ventilation plate positioning holes 223 are the same with the hot-melt columns 106 in section and keep clearance fit, when the positive electrode 2 and the ventilation plate 22 are installed, all the hot-melt columns 106 respectively pass through the sealing positioning holes 202 on the positive electrode 2 and the ventilation plate positioning holes 223 on the ventilation plate 22, the ventilation plate 22 is kept to press the positive electrode 2, the end parts of the hot-melt columns 106 extend out of the ventilation plate positioning holes 223, then the end parts of the hot-melt columns 106 are hot-melt to form a hot-melt head through hot-melt equipment, the diameter of the hot-melt head after hot melt exceeds the aperture of the ventilation plate positioning holes 223 on the ventilation plate 22, the ventilation plate 22 is limited and locked from the outside, and the positive electrode 2 is pressed and sealed on the single frame 1 through the ventilation plate 22.
In this embodiment, the hot-melt column 106 is directly arranged inside the positive electrode sealing groove 107, and meanwhile, a circle of positioning holes corresponding to the hot-melt columns 106 one by one are formed in the positive electrode sealing ring 21, the positive electrode sealing ring 21 is integrally formed by adopting a corrosion-resistant soft plastic mold, and has a certain elastic deformation capacity, and the aperture of the positioning hole in the positive electrode sealing ring 21 can be set smaller than the outer diameter of the hot-melt column, so that a certain extrusion deformation can be kept between the sealing ring and the hot-melt column, and the positioning and sealing effects of the sealing ring are improved.
Referring to fig. 4 again, a plurality of parallel insulating strips 101 are further arranged in the reaction window 100 of the single frame 1, the insulating strips separate the positive electrode from the negative electrode in the battery, the insulating strips 101 divide the reaction window 100, support the positive electrode 2, and prevent the positive electrode 2 from being in contact with the negative electrode and short-circuited after being deformed due to the overlarge area of the reaction window 100.
Referring to fig. 8 again, one side of the positive electrode 2 is provided with a lead-out folded edge 201 extending to the front end surface and the rear end surface of the single frame 1, a row of lead-out folded edge fixing holes 203 are formed in the lead-out folded edge 201, the lead-out folded edge 201 extends to the end surface fixed on the single frame 1, the lead-out folded edge 201 and the positive electrode lead-out copper sheet 200 are pressed and contacted through screws and nuts penetrating through the lead-out folded edge fixing holes 203, and a wiring end of the positive electrode lead-out copper sheet 200 is led out to the top of the single frame to conduct battery winding displacement, so that the electric energy output of the positive electrode is realized. The leading-out folded edge 201 adopts a metal net or a metal plate of the positive current collector, the metal net or the metal plate is used as the leading-out folded edge 201 to connect the positive electrode 2 with the positive electrode leading-out copper sheet 200, the contact area between the metal net on the two sides of the positive electrode and the positive electrode leading-out copper sheet 200 is large, and the metal net or the metal plate is tightly connected to the end face of the single frame 1 by a plurality of screws, so that the resistance is small, the current-carrying capacity is large, the micro-ohm connecting resistance is achieved, and the problem of heating loss of the connecting part when the discharge current exceeds 100A is solved. The anode lead-out copper sheet 200 can be extended to the top two side planes of the next battery cell arranged in a superposition manner after being bent to be connected with the cathode lead-out copper sheet 300, so that a pile flat cable with a plurality of battery cells combined is realized, and the structure is simple. The sealing assembly of the positive electrode 2 and the ventilation plate 22 is completed by one-time hot melting of the hot melting column through hot melting equipment, and the positive electrode 2 is sealed through a complete positive electrode sealing ring 21, so that the operation is easy, and the mass production can be realized through a die.
The ventilation plate 22 in the present embodiment serves not only as a pressing member for pressing and fixing the positive electrode 2 to the cell frame 1, but also as a ventilation member for ventilating the positive electrode 2. Referring to fig. 9 again, the ventilation plate 22 is the same as the positive plane except for the leading-out flange, so that the positive electrode 2 can be tightly pressed on the single frame 1, the inner side surface of the ventilation plate 22, which is tightly attached to the positive electrode 2, is a smooth plane, the surface of the positive electrode 2 is ensured to be flattened, a ventilation window 221 is arranged on the ventilation plate 22 in a region corresponding to the reaction window 100, in order to avoid the outward bulging deformation of the positive electrode caused by overlarge vacant area of the ventilation window 221, the ventilation window 221 is divided into a plurality of ribs, external oxygen or air contacts the positive electrode through the ventilation window 221 on the ventilation plate 22, and enters the reaction window 100 through the positive electrode to provide oxygen required by the discharge reaction. Since the discharge capacity is improved by cascade lamination between the battery cells, in this embodiment, a plurality of ventilation grooves 222 connected to the ventilation windows 221 are provided on the outer surface of the ventilation plate 22 far from the positive electrode, one end of the ventilation grooves 222 is finally connected to the ventilation windows 221, and the other end is connected to the outer edge of the ventilation plate 22 to be in butt joint with the air inlet or outlet channel of the battery system. The ventilation grooves 222 may be semicircular grooves disposed on the outer side surface of the ventilation plate 22 in a crisscross manner as shown in fig. 5, or may be disposed in other forms according to the arrangement of ventilation channels of the battery. The stack with a plurality of stacked battery cells can realize the flow supply of air or oxygen through the ventilation groove 222, thereby improving the cooling and heat dissipation problem of the anode.
The negative electrode 3 in the embodiment adopts a composite negative electrode, as shown in fig. 2 and 7, the negative electrode 3 is a composite plate structure, and comprises a negative electrode lead-out copper sheet 300, a substrate 301 and a negative plate 302, wherein the negative plate 302 adopts a negative electrode metal material which participates in the internal discharge reaction of the metal-air battery, generally an aluminum plate, a magnesium plate or a zinc plate, the substrate 301 is a fixed mounting structure of the whole negative electrode, and adopts a thin plate material which does not react with electrolyte and is high-temperature resistant and high-strength, and is vertically positioned at the middle part of a single frame; the negative plate 302 is fixed on the surface of the substrate 301, and is inserted into the single frame 1 through the substrate 301, and the parallel and equidistant between the positive and negative electrodes on both sides are maintained. The negative electrode lead-out copper sheet 300 is a lead-out negative electrode connecting component of the whole battery, one end of the negative electrode lead-out copper sheet is in electrical contact with the negative electrode plate 302, the other end of the negative electrode lead-out copper sheet is led out and fixed to the top of the substrate 301, and after the whole composite negative electrode is inserted into a battery cell, the top of the substrate 301 and the negative electrode lead-out copper sheet 300 are exposed outside a cell frame, so that a battery flat cable is facilitated.
Specifically, in this embodiment, negative plates 302 are attached to both sides of a substrate 301, one end of a negative lead-out copper sheet 300 corresponding to two negative plates 302 is sandwiched between the negative plates 302 and the substrate 301, the other end is respectively led out to two ends of the top of the substrate, and after a composite negative electrode is inserted into a reaction cavity of a monomer frame, the negative plates 302 on both sides can respectively generate two groups of parallel discharge reactions with the positive electrodes on both sides of the monomer frame, so as to improve the generated energy of a battery monomer. In practical applications, the negative electrode plate 302 may be disposed on one or both sides of the substrate 301 according to the internal structure of the battery cell and the rated power design of the battery. The negative plate 302 can be fixed and attached to the surface of the substrate in a high-temperature and strong-alkali resistant gluing, welding, cold rolling, hot rolling and explosion compounding mode.
Referring to fig. 3, a reaction cavity 102 is provided in the single frame 1, reaction windows 100 are provided on the single frames at two sides of the reaction cavity 102, a negative electrode slot 103 having the same width as the negative electrode 3 is provided at the top of the reaction cavity 102, and the negative electrode 3 is inserted into the reaction cavity 102 in the single frame 1 from the negative electrode slot 103. Two negative electrode positioning grooves 104 are arranged in the reaction cavity and are in butt joint with the negative electrode slot 103, the outer edge of the substrate 301 of the negative electrode 3 exceeds the outer edge of the negative electrode plate 302 to form a positioning convex rib 303, the positioning convex rib 303 is just embedded into the negative electrode positioning groove 104 in the process of inserting the negative electrode 3 into the reaction cavity 102 through the negative electrode slot 103, the whole negative electrode 3 is installed in place under the guiding action of the negative electrode positioning groove 104, and the negative electrode 3 is positioned by the negative electrode positioning groove 104 in the reaction cavity, as shown in fig. 5, and the phenomenon that the negative electrode plate is in direct contact with the positive electrode to generate a short circuit after being shifted is avoided.
The positive electrode 2 of the metal-air battery is fixed on the outer side surface of the single frame 1 to cover and seal the reaction window 100 of the reaction cavity 102, a channel for free circulation of electrolyte is formed between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode plate 302 of the negative electrode 3, the reaction window 100 is sealed by the positive electrode 2, the electrolyte in the reaction cavity 102 cannot flow out of the reaction window, external air is allowed to enter the positive electrode, meanwhile, oxygen in the air is subjected to discharge reaction with the negative electrode metal and the electrolyte through the reaction window 100 to generate electricity, a plurality of insulating strips 101 are further arranged on the reaction window 100 to divide the reaction window 100, the positive electrode 2 is supported, and the positive electrode 2 is prevented from being in contact short circuit with the negative electrode after the excessive area of the reaction window 100 is deformed. The positive electrode 2 extends to the top of the single frame through positive electrode lead-out copper sheets at two end surfaces of the single frame 1, and is used for carrying out battery wire arrangement together with negative electrode lead-out copper sheets. The positive electrode material of the metal-air battery is an existing material, and the embodiment only describes the composite negative electrode of the invention in detail, and the electrolysis principle and the positive electrode material of the metal-air battery are conventional technologies in the art, and the embodiment is not described herein.
After the negative electrode is inserted into the single frame 1, the top of the substrate 301 is exposed at the top of the single frame, so that the negative electrode lead-out copper sheet 300 is conveniently arranged, and the negative electrode is conveniently gripped and replaced. In this embodiment, the top of the substrate 301 is fixedly provided with the insulating handle 304, the insulating handle 304 is integrally formed by wrapping the top of the substrate with a hard plastic material, the whole insulating handle 304 is arranged transversely along the single frame, after the negative electrode 3 is inserted into the reaction cavity 102 inside the single frame, the negative electrode slot 103 is closed, two groups of negative electrode lead-out copper sheets 300 corresponding to two groups of negative electrode plates are fixedly arranged at the top of the insulating handle 304 and extend out from the end of the insulating handle, and are locked and fixed with the negative electrode lead-out fixing holes 105 at the top of the single frame 1.
After the negative electrode 3 is inserted into the single frame 1, in order to avoid leakage of electrolyte from an assembly gap between the negative electrode 3 and the single frame, a circle of negative electrode sealing ring 305 is arranged on a substrate which is directly contacted with the single frame between a substrate top insulating handle 304 of the negative electrode 3 and a negative electrode plate 302, the negative electrode sealing ring 305 seals the assembly gap between the substrate of the negative electrode 3 and the single frame, and the negative electrode sealing ring 305 can be directly and integrally injection molded on the substrate 301 by adopting a sealing material. The width of the substrate where the negative electrode sealing ring 305 is arranged is smaller than that of the substrate where the negative electrode plate is arranged, a neck is formed, and after the negative electrode is inserted into the single frame, the two side free areas form an overflow channel for circulating the electrolyte with the reaction cavity.
In order to ensure continuous discharge reaction, the metal-air battery needs to continuously introduce electrolyte into the reaction cavity, and in combination with fig. 3 and 4, reaction windows 100 are respectively arranged at positions, corresponding to two sides of the single frame 1, of the reaction cavity 102 in the single frame 1, the positive electrode 2 is tightly assembled on the sides of the single frame 1 through a ventilation plate 22, the reaction windows 100 are covered and sealed, a circle of positive electrode sealing ring 21 is assembled between the positive electrode 2 and the single frame 1 at the periphery of the reaction window 100, the sealing of the electrolyte in the reaction cavity 102 at the reaction window 100 is realized, the sealing of the electrolyte can be realized by the positive electrode 2, and meanwhile, air can enter the positive electrode and the reaction window 100 to provide oxygen for the discharge reaction in the reaction cavity. Two vertical reflux cavities 116 are arranged on two sides of the reaction cavity 102, the top of the reaction cavity 102 is communicated with the top overflow of the reflux cavities 116, a water inlet 111 is formed in a single frame 1 corresponding to the middle of the bottom of the reaction cavity 102, two groups of water outlets 112 are respectively formed in the single frame 1 corresponding to the bottoms of the two reflux cavities 116, electrolyte in the reaction cavity 102 flows between the anode and the cathode after entering the reaction cavity 102 from the water inlet 111, and after the discharge reaction areas of the anode and the cathode are fully immersed by the electrolyte filled in the reaction cavity 102, the electrolyte overflows from the top of the reaction cavity 102 to the reflux cavities 116 and flows out from the water outlets 112.
Referring to fig. 5 again, an open-ended negative slot 103 is arranged at the top of the reaction cavity 102, the negative electrode 3 of the battery is inserted into the reaction cavity 102 through the negative slot 103, two groups of negative electrode positioning baffles corresponding to the sides of the negative electrode 3 are arranged inside the reaction cavity 102, after the negative electrode 3 is inserted into the reaction cavity 102, the two sides are embedded into the negative electrode positioning slots of the negative electrode positioning baffles, the negative electrode is fixed inside the reaction cavity 102, and the negative electrode lead-out copper sheet 300 is fixed at two ends of the top of the negative electrode 3, so that the electric energy output of the negative electrode is realized. The reaction cavity 102 and the reflux cavity 116 are separated by the anode positioning baffle, an overflow port 115 is arranged between the top of the anode positioning baffle and the inside of the monomer frame, electrolyte filled in the reaction cavity 102 enters the reflux cavity through the overflow port 115, the anode metal plate on the anode 3 is completely immersed by the electrolyte in the reaction cavity 102, meanwhile, the reaction window 100 is all positioned in the side surface of the reaction cavity 102, the anode 2 covered and sealed by the reaction window 100 is parallel and opposite to the anode 3 inserted into the reaction cavity 102 through the reaction window 100, and a parallel and equidistant space is separated from each other for supplying the electrolyte for circulation, as shown in fig. 6, the discharge reaction of the battery occurs in the reaction area where the anode and the anode are opposite.
In addition, as shown in fig. 4, a breathing port 114 is further provided on a monomer frame corresponding to the reaction cavity 102 or the reflow cavity 116, so as to maintain the pressure inside the reaction cavity 102 balanced with the external atmospheric pressure during the rising or falling process of the electrolyte liquid level inside the reaction cavity 102, avoid deformation and damage of the positive electrode 2 due to the pressure change inside the reaction cavity 102, and collect the gas generated during the operation of the battery through the breathing port 114. The breathing port 114 is disposed at a position higher than the overflow port to avoid leakage of electrolyte from the breathing port 114. The bottom of the reaction cavity 102 is provided with a funnel-shaped slope, the lowest position of the slope is connected to the water gap in a butt joint mode, so that large particle residues generated by reaction in the reaction cavity can be concentrated and deposited at the bottom of the reaction cavity, and uniform collection is facilitated after the reaction.
Referring to fig. 11, in the metal-air battery cell of this embodiment, electrolyte enters the reaction cavity 102 from the water inlet 111 at the bottom of the middle of the cell frame 1, along with continuous input of electrolyte, the electrolyte level in the reaction cavity 102 gradually rises until the liquid level reaches the top end of the negative positioning baffle at two sides of the reaction cavity 102, at this time, the electrolyte fills the space between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the overall reaction of electrode materials is ensured, along with continuous delivery of electrolyte, the electrolyte in the reaction cavity 102 overflows into the reflow cavities 116 at two sides through the overflow ports 115 at the top, and is recovered from the water outlet 112 through the reflow cavities 116, a tab structure extending out of the reflow cavities is arranged at the overflow ports 115 as an overflow platform, when the electrolyte falls down through the reflow cavities by the overflow platform, the liquid forms intermittent current interruption and unidirectional conduction, so that the resistance of the water outlet of the battery cell increases, and the electric energy loss caused by the output end liquid short circuit when a plurality of battery cells are cascaded is greatly reduced. In the whole process, the gas in the reaction cavity can enter and exit the reaction cavity through the breathing port 114, so that the stability of the pressure in the reaction cavity is ensured.
In the stack of fig. 13, two or more groups of metal-air battery cells in this embodiment are assembled by cascade lamination to form a large-capacity metal-air battery stack system, and electrolyte circulation channels on all the battery cells are in butt joint to form a stack electrolyte circulation system. Firstly, the water inlet 111, the water outlet 112 and the breathing port 114 in the present embodiment are all arranged to penetrate through the single frame along the overlapping and assembling direction of the single frame, and in addition, a fixing through hole 131 for overlapping and connecting the single cells in series is further arranged in the non-reaction cavity area on the single frame 1, the fixing through hole 131 is also arranged to penetrate through the single frame along the overlapping and assembling direction of the single frame, and the water inlet 111, the water outlet 112, the breathing port 114 and the fixing through hole 131 are all cylindrical holes, wherein the tops of the water inlet 111 and the water outlet 112 are respectively communicated with the reaction cavity 102 and the reflux cavity 116 in the respective single frames.
When all the battery monomer cascades are overlapped, the battery monomer cascades pass through the coaxially aligned fixing through holes 131 on the monomer frame 1 through connecting rods, all the battery monomers are overlapped and compressed by utilizing pressing plates from two ends, the water inlets 111, the water outlets 112 and the breathing ports 114 on adjacent monomer frames are respectively in one-to-one coaxial butt joint communication, the adjacent butt joint passages are assembled in a sealing way through sealing rings, the water inlets on the outermost battery monomer are connected to electrolyte conveying equipment through pipelines, generally conveying pumps, the outermost water outlets are connected to electrolyte recycling equipment through pipelines, generally recycling boxes, and the outermost breathing ports are connected to atmosphere or gas recycling equipment through pipelines.
Electrolyte can be regarded as long pipeline transportation in the circulation passageway of pile, and electrolyte can produce "fish-bellied distribution" effect in perpendicular to direction of delivery when long pipeline flows to lead to the inside range of liquid level rising of each battery monomer reaction chamber in the pile inconsistent, the concrete expression is: (1) When the unidirectional liquid supply is performed, the height of one end of the water inlet is increased gradually from one end to the other end of the water inlet, and (2) when the bidirectional liquid supply is performed, the water inlets at two ends are low, the middle part is high, and even the liquid level of the electrolyte in part of the single cell reaction cavity cannot reach the overflow height, so that the electrolyte circulation cannot be formed. In order to avoid this phenomenon, referring to fig. 4 again, in this embodiment, a spoiler 113 is disposed inside the water inlet 111 of the monomer frame, and the spoiler 113 is used to disturb the electrolyte flowing in the docking channel of the water inlet, so that the rising amplitude and the flow velocity of the electrolyte level in the reaction cavity inside the cascade stacked battery monomer tend to be consistent.
In addition, in the pile in fig. 13, in the cascade lamination assembling process, a plurality of battery cells form an air inlet channel, an air outlet channel and an air flow channel between each battery cell of the pile air supply system between the single cell frames 1, and the outermost air inlet 121 is connected with an air conveying device to provide air for each metal air battery cell of the pile actively and positively, so that oxygen supply of the anode 2 is realized, exhaust ports 122 realize emission and collection of air flow, free circulation of air inside and outside the pile is realized, and the actively and positively circulated air not only provides enough oxygen required by discharge reaction for the anode, but also takes away heat of the surface of the anode, thereby improving the cooling and heat dissipation problems of the anode and prolonging the service life of the anode. Referring to fig. 4 again, reaction windows 100 are respectively arranged at positions, corresponding to two sides of the monomer frame 1, of a reaction cavity inside the monomer frame 1, ventilation plates 22 are attached to the outer sides of the positive electrodes 2, the positive electrodes 2 are tightly assembled on the sides of the monomer frame 1 through the ventilation plates 22, the reaction windows 100 are covered and sealed, a circle of positive electrode sealing rings 21 are assembled between the positive electrodes 2 and the monomer frame 1 on the periphery of the reaction window 100, positive electrode sealing grooves 107 for embedding the positive electrode sealing rings are formed in the periphery of the reaction window 100 by the monomer frame 1, sealing of electrolyte inside the reaction cavity 102 in the reaction window 100 is achieved, sealing of electrolyte can be achieved by the positive electrodes 2, and meanwhile, air can enter the positive electrodes and the reaction window 100 to provide oxygen for discharge reaction inside the reaction cavity.
Referring to fig. 9 and 10 in combination, after the positive electrode 2 and the ventilation plate 22 are assembled and fixed, the inner side surface of the positive electrode 2 contacts with the reaction area inside the single frame, the ventilation plate 22 is provided with ventilation windows 221 exposing the positive electrode 2, the outer side surface of the ventilation plate 22 is provided with a plurality of ventilation grooves 222, and at least one end of all ventilation grooves 222 is communicated with the ventilation windows. The outside of the ventilation plate 22 is provided with a circle of ventilation plate positioning holes 223, and the ventilation plate 22 is fixed with the single frame 1 through the ventilation plate positioning holes 223, so that the compression assembly of the anode 2 is realized.
As shown in fig. 10, the inner side surface of the ventilation plate 22, which is tightly attached to the positive electrode 2, is a smooth plane, so as to ensure that the surface of the positive electrode 2 is flattened, and the ventilation windows 221 on the ventilation plate 22 are positioned in the projection range of the internal reaction area of the battery on the positive electrode 2, so as to avoid the outward bulging deformation of the positive electrode caused by overlarge vacant area of the ventilation windows 221, the ventilation windows 221 are divided into a plurality of separation ribs, and ventilation grooves for communicating the ventilation windows 221 are also arranged on the separation ribs.
The ventilation grooves 222 arranged on the ventilation plate 22 are semicircular in section, the ventilation grooves 222 are arranged according to the length direction and the width direction of the ventilation plate 22, namely, the ventilation grooves 222 arranged along the width direction are arranged between the ventilation windows 221 and the length side edges of the ventilation plate 22, the ventilation grooves 222 arranged along the length direction are arranged between the ventilation windows 221 and the width side edges of the ventilation plate 22, and the ventilation grooves are all communicated with the side edges of the ventilation plate and the side edges of the ventilation windows, so that one ends of all the ventilation grooves 222 are communicated with the ventilation windows, the other ends of all the ventilation grooves extend to the end faces of the ventilation plate 22, in a stack formed by overlapping a plurality of battery monomers, the adjacent battery monomers are in compression contact through the ventilation plate 22, and the corresponding ventilation grooves 222 and ventilation windows 221 on the ventilation plate 22 form airflow channels communicated with the internal reaction area of the battery and the outside of the battery.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4 again, an air inlet 121 and an air outlet 122 are further provided on the single frame 1, the air inlet 121 is located below the ventilation plate of the single frame in the battery, the air outlet 122 is located at two sides and above the ventilation plate of the single frame in the battery, the air inlet 121 and the air outlet 122 are respectively communicated with the ventilation grooves 222 on the ventilation plate 22 assembled on the single frame 1, the air inlets 121 and the air outlets 122 of the main bodies 1 of adjacent single units in the electric pile are in butt joint one by one after the single units are overlapped and spliced in a cascading manner, so as to form continuous air inlet channels and air outlet channels in the electric pile, the air inlet channels and the air outlet channels are independently separated, and are respectively communicated with the ventilation windows between the ventilation plates 22 between the adjacent single units and the air flow channels formed by the ventilation grooves, so as to form an air supply channel network in the whole electric pile, the air inlet of the outermost single unit is communicated with the air conveying equipment with the air purifying function, such as an air pump, the air flow is conveyed to the air flow through the air flow channels between the single units through the air inlet channels, and then the air outlet channels are discharged and collected, so that the free flow of air in the electric pile is realized, and the utilization efficiency of oxygen needed in the reaction area in the electric pile is improved.
As shown in fig. 4 and 12, in this embodiment, the air inlet 121 and the air outlet 122 are respectively located on two side single frames of the reaction area inside the battery, wherein the air inlet 121 is located on a single frame below the air plate 22, the air outlet 122 is located on two sides of a single frame above the air plate 22, and since the air plate 22 only covers the area where the positive electrode is located, the air inlet 121 and the bottom edge of the air plate 22 and the outer side surfaces of the single frames at the top edge of the air outlet 122 and the air plate 22 are provided with the diversion grooves 123, so that the air grooves on the air plate 22 are respectively conducted with the air inlet 121 and the air outlet 122. The air flow entering from the air inlet 121 enters the ventilation grooves 222 on the ventilation plate 22 through the diversion grooves 123 at the bottom as shown by the arrows in fig. 12, and enters the positive electrode 2 through the ventilation windows 221 along the ventilation grooves 222, so as to ensure continuous supply of oxygen required by the discharge reaction of the positive electrode 2, and the flowing air flow is partially discharged from the ventilation grooves 222 at both sides of the ventilation plate 22 directly to the galvanic pile, and the other part enters the exhaust port 122 through the upper diversion grooves 123 from the ventilation grooves 222 at the upper part of the ventilation plate 22 and is collected through the exhaust passage.
The electric pile is assembled by cascading and overlapping a plurality of battery cells, the battery cells are provided with fixing through holes 131 for cascading the battery cells along the overlapping direction, meanwhile, an air inlet 121 and an air outlet 122 on the battery cells are all arranged through the battery cells along the overlapping direction of the battery cells, after the electric pile is assembled by overlapping, the fixing through holes 131 and the air inlet 121 and the air outlet 122 are coaxially butted to form a complete channel, the electric pile is locked by the fixing through holes 131 through a guide rod and a connecting piece, and the air inlet 121 and the air outlet 122 form an air inlet channel and an air outlet channel for air supply.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention and not restrictive, and other modifications and equivalents thereof may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The galvanic pile system is characterized in that: the metal-air batteries are assembled in a cascading and overlapping way; the metal-air battery includes:
a monomer frame provided with a reaction cavity and a reaction window on the side surface of the reaction cavity;
the anode is symmetrically arranged on two side surfaces of the single frame, is tightly pressed on the single frame outside the reaction window through the ventilation plate, covers and shields the reaction window, and the inner side surface of the anode is contacted with electrolyte in the reaction cavity;
the negative electrode is arranged in the middle of the single frame and is inserted and fixed in the reaction cavity, and is arranged in parallel with the inner side surface of the positive electrode;
the single frame is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet which are communicated with the inside of the reaction cavity, and overflow ports are arranged on two sides of the top of the reaction cavity and are communicated with the reflux cavity through the overflow ports; the water inlet is positioned in the middle of the bottom of the reaction cavity; the water outlet is positioned at the bottom of the backflow cavity; electrolyte in the reaction cavity flows between the anode and the cathode after entering the reaction cavity from the water inlet, and flows out from the water outlet through the overflow port and the backflow cavity;
A ventilation window exposing the outer side surface of the positive electrode is arranged on the ventilation plate;
a circle of positive electrode sealing grooves are formed in the single frame at the periphery of the reaction window, a circle of positive electrode sealing rings are embedded in the positive electrode sealing grooves, a circle of hot melt columns are arranged along the positive electrode sealing grooves, positioning holes which correspond to the hot melt columns one by one are respectively formed in the positive electrode sealing rings, the positive electrodes and the ventilation plates, the hot melt columns penetrate through the ends of the positioning holes on the positive electrodes and the ventilation plates and are expanded into hot melt heads through hot melt, and the ventilation plates and the positive electrodes are fixed on the single frame in a sealing manner;
the reaction cavity or the reflux cavity is provided with a breathing port on a monomer frame higher than the overflow port;
a plurality of ventilation grooves are formed in the outer side surface of the ventilation plate, and at least one end of each ventilation groove is communicated with the ventilation window; the single frames are provided with air inlets and air outlets which are communicated with the ventilation grooves, the air inlets, the air outlets, the water inlets and the water outlets of the single frames of adjacent batteries are in butt joint one by one after the single batteries are overlapped and spliced, a continuous water inlet channel, a continuous water outlet channel, a continuous air inlet channel and a continuous air outlet channel are formed in the whole pile, and a plurality of air flow channels which are communicated with the air inlet channel and the air outlet channel are formed between the anodes of the adjacent batteries through ventilation windows and ventilation grooves on the ventilation plates;
The bottom of the reaction cavity is a funnel-shaped slope, the water inlet is in butt joint with the lowest position of the slope, and a spoiler for disturbing the flow balance of flowing liquid is arranged in the water inlet;
wherein, the water inlet of the outermost is connected to electrolyte conveying equipment, the delivery port of the outermost is connected to electrolyte recovery equipment, the air inlet of the outermost is connected to conveying equipment with gas purification function, and the air outlet of the outermost is connected to gas recovery equipment.
2. The galvanic pile system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air inlet is positioned below the ventilation plate of the battery inner single frame, and the air outlet is positioned on two sides and above the ventilation plate of the battery inner single frame.
3. A metal-air cell according to claim 2, wherein: the reaction window of the monomer frame is provided with an insulating strip for separating the positive electrode from the negative electrode in the battery.
4. A metal-air cell according to claim 3, wherein: the side of positive pole sets up draws the hem and extends to the front and back terminal surface of monomer frame, and with the positive pole draw out copper sheet and draw the hem to compress tightly the terminal surface of fixing at the monomer frame, draw out the hem and adopt the metal mesh that is in contact with the positive pole circular telegram, the wiring end of positive pole draw out the copper sheet draws to the top of monomer frame and carries out the battery winding displacement.
5. A metal-air cell according to any of claims 1-4, wherein: the negative electrode comprises a substrate and a negative plate attached to the surface of the substrate, the negative plate is contacted with a negative electrode lead-out copper sheet, and the negative electrode lead-out copper sheet is exposed and fixed at the end part of an insulation handle arranged at the top of the substrate.
6. A metal-air cell according to claim 5, wherein: the outer edge of base plate surpasses the outward flange of negative plate and forms the location protruding muscle, set up the negative pole slot with negative pole isopiestic on the top monomer frame of reaction chamber body, inside be equipped with the negative pole positioning baffle that is used for negative pole cartridge to fix a position, the inboard of negative pole positioning baffle sets up the spacing negative pole constant head tank of location protruding muscle direction on the negative pole.
7. A metal-air cell according to claim 6, wherein: the reaction cavity is separated from the backflow cavities on two sides by the negative electrode positioning baffles on two sides of the negative electrode, two overflow ports which are communicated with the reaction cavity and the backflow cavities on two sides are formed in the top of the negative electrode positioning baffles, and overflow platforms of a table tongue structure extending towards the backflow cavities are arranged on the two overflow ports.
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