CN112782423A - Capacitive wind direction measuring device - Google Patents
Capacitive wind direction measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112782423A CN112782423A CN202011459639.8A CN202011459639A CN112782423A CN 112782423 A CN112782423 A CN 112782423A CN 202011459639 A CN202011459639 A CN 202011459639A CN 112782423 A CN112782423 A CN 112782423A
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- wind direction
- electrode plate
- measuring device
- capacitive
- cylindrical capacitor
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
- G01P13/02—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane
Abstract
The invention discloses a capacitance type wind direction measuring device, which comprises: the wind direction detection device comprises a box body, a wind direction detection unit, a cylindrical capacitor and a capacitance measurement module; the cylindrical capacitor and the capacitance measuring module are arranged in the box body; the wind direction detection unit is arranged at the top end of the cylindrical capacitor; the wind direction detection unit is used for driving the rotating cylindrical electrode plate in the cylindrical capacitor to rotate so as to adjust the relative area between the rotating cylindrical electrode plate and the fixed cylindrical electrode plate; the cylindrical capacitor is used for outputting a capacitance signal according to the relative area; the cylindrical capacitor is electrically connected with the capacitance measuring module; the capacitance measuring module is used for detecting the cylindrical capacitor to obtain a capacitance signal, and the wind direction deflection angle is obtained after calculation. The invention solves the problems of great environmental influence and inaccurate positioning when detecting the wind direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wind direction measurement, in particular to a capacitance type wind direction measuring device.
Background
Wind, as a natural phenomenon, has many effects on human daily activities. The wind direction is an important parameter of wind, and real-time measurement of the wind direction is necessary. The wind direction sensor can be divided into a photoelectric type, a compass type and the like according to the working principle; the core of the photoelectric wind direction sensor adopts Gray disk coding, and utilizes the photoelectric signal conversion principle to accurately output corresponding wind direction information, but the photoelectric wind direction sensor has the defects of high requirement on environment, large influence on measured data due to temperature and humidity changes and inapplicability to field operation; the electronic compass is used for positioning the absolute direction at the core of the electronic compass wind direction sensor, and the defect is that the positioning of the electronic compass fails if the electronic compass cannot shield the magnetic field outside the earth.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-reliability capacitive wind direction measuring device structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a capacitive wind direction measuring device, characterized in that, capacitive wind direction measuring device includes: the wind direction detection device comprises a box body, a wind direction detection unit, a cylindrical capacitor and a capacitance measurement module; the cylindrical capacitor and the capacitance measuring module are arranged in the box body;
the wind direction detection unit is arranged at the top end of the cylindrical capacitor; the wind direction detection unit is used for driving the rotating cylindrical electrode plate in the cylindrical capacitor so as to adjust the relative area between the rotating cylindrical electrode plate and the fixed cylindrical electrode plate; the cylindrical capacitor is used for outputting an electric signal according to the change of the relative area between the rotating cylindrical electrode plate and the fixed cylindrical electrode plate;
the cylindrical capacitor is electrically connected with the capacitance measuring module; the capacitance measuring module is used for collecting and processing the electric signals output by the cylindrical capacitor and outputting a wind direction deflection angle.
Preferably, the wind direction detecting unit specifically includes: a wind vane and a wind pole;
the wind vane is connected with the upper end of the wind direction rod, and the lower end of the wind direction rod is connected with the inner cylinder of the cylindrical capacitor; the rotation of the wind vane drives the wind direction rod to rotate so as to drive the inner cylinder to rotate.
Preferably, the cylindrical capacitor specifically includes: the inner cylinder, outer cylinder, and dielectric between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder;
the side surface of the inner cylinder is provided with the rotating cylindrical electrode plate, and the side surface of the outer cylinder is provided with the fixed cylindrical electrode plate.
Preferably, the dielectric between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is glycerol.
Preferably, in the cylindrical capacitor, at an initial time, a relative area between the rotating cylindrical electrode plate and the fixed cylindrical electrode plate is 0.
Preferably, the capacitance measuring module specifically includes: the device comprises an integrating circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion ADC acquisition circuit and a core control panel;
the integration circuit is electrically connected with the cylindrical capacitor; the integrating circuit is used for amplifying the electric signal and converting the amplified electric signal into a voltage signal;
the analog-to-digital conversion ADC acquisition circuit is electrically connected with the integrating circuit; the analog-to-digital conversion ADC acquisition circuit is used for converting the voltage signal into a digital signal;
the core control board is electrically connected with the analog-to-digital conversion ADC acquisition circuit; and the core control board processes the digital signal and determines the wind direction deflection angle.
Preferably, the model of the core control board is STM32F 103.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: a display unit;
the display unit is electrically connected with the core control board and arranged on the outer surface of the box body; the display unit is a liquid crystal display screen and is used for displaying the current wind direction deflection angle.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: a power supply unit;
the power supply unit is electrically connected with the core control board; and the power supply unit supplies power to the capacitance type wind direction measuring device through a USB interface.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the wind direction deflection device, the cylindrical capacitor and the capacitance measurement module are arranged in the box body, so that the influence of the external environment is avoided, the relative area between the rotating cylindrical electrode plate and the fixed cylindrical electrode plate in the cylindrical capacitor is adjusted through the rotation of the wind direction detection unit, the cylindrical capacitor outputs corresponding voltage signals according to the relative area between the rotating cylindrical electrode plate and the fixed cylindrical electrode plate, the capacitance measurement module processes and analyzes the output electric signals, the wind direction deflection angle is finally obtained, and the stability and the measurement accuracy of the wind direction deflection angle are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the capacitance measuring circuit of the present invention.
Description of the symbols: 1-a wind vane; 2-a wind direction rod; 3-a dielectric; 4-a fixed cylindrical electrode plate; 5-a rotating cylindrical electrode plate; 6-a display unit; 7-an integrating circuit; 8-ADC acquisition circuit; 9-core control board STM32F 103; 10-power supply unit.
VR-a standard voltage; cF-an integrating capacitor; k1-S1A switch command end; k2-S2A switch command end; k3-S3A switch command end; s1-an integrating switch; s2-a discharge switch; s3-a sampling switch; AJ1-an integrator integrated op-amp; AJ2-a sample-and-hold sample-and-integrate op-amp; AJ3-the sample holder holds an integrated op amp; rF-an integrating resistance; rP-an integral ground resistance; rg-integrating capacitor discharge resistance.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a system structure of a capacitance type wind direction measuring device. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The capacitive wind direction measuring device provided by the embodiment comprises a box body, a wind direction detecting unit, a cylindrical capacitor, a capacitance measuring module, a display unit and a power supply unit.
As shown in fig. 1, the wind direction detecting unit is disposed at the top end of the cylindrical capacitor; the wind direction detection unit is used for driving the rotating cylindrical electrode plate 5 to rotate so as to adjust the relative area between the rotating electrode plate 5 and the fixed cylindrical electrode plate 4; the wind direction detection unit specifically includes: a wind vane 1 and a wind direction rod 2; the wind vane 1 is connected with the upper end of the wind direction rod 2, and the lower end of the wind direction rod 2 is connected with the rotating cylindrical electrode plate 5; the rotation of the wind vane 2 drives the wind direction rod 2 to rotate so as to drive the rotating cylindrical electrode plate 5 to rotate.
The cylindrical capacitor specifically includes: the rotating cylindrical electrode plate 5, the fixed cylindrical electrode plate 4 and the dielectric 3 between the rotating cylindrical electrode plate 5 and the fixed cylindrical electrode plate 4; the dielectric 3 between the rotating cylindrical electrode plate and the fixed cylindrical electrode plate is glycerol.
The cylindrical capacitor outputs corresponding electric signals according to the change of the relative area between the rotating cylindrical electrode plate 5 and the fixed cylindrical electrode plate 4; the capacitance value of the cylindrical capacitor and the output electric signal present a direct proportion relation; the cylindrical capacitor is electrically connected with the capacitance measuring module; the capacitance measuring module is used for collecting and processing the electric signals output by the cylindrical capacitor, and outputting the wind direction deflection angle after calculation and analysis.
The side surface of the inner cylinder is provided with the rotating cylindrical electrode plate, and the side surface of the outer cylinder is provided with the fixed cylindrical electrode plate.
In the cylindrical capacitor, at the initial time or in the north-north fixed direction, the rotating cylindrical electrode plate 5 is half of the side area of the inner cylinder, the fixed cylindrical electrode plate 4 is the other half of the side area of the outer cylinder, and the initial relative area between the two is 0.
The capacitance measuring module specifically comprises: an integrating circuit 7, an analog-to-digital conversion ADC acquisition circuit 8 and a core control board 9.
The integrating circuit 7 is electrically connected with the cylindrical capacitor; the integrating circuit 7 is used for amplifying the electric signal and converting the amplified electric signal into a voltage signal in proportion to the capacitance; the analog-to-digital conversion ADC acquisition circuit 8 is electrically connected with the integrating circuit 7; the analog-to-digital conversion ADC acquisition circuit 8 is used for converting the voltage signal into a digital signal; the core control board 9 is electrically connected with the analog-to-digital conversion ADC acquisition circuit 8; the core control board 9 processes the digital signal to determine the wind direction deflection angle.
The model of the core control board 9 is STM32F 103.
The display unit 6 is electrically connected with the core control board 9 and is arranged on the outer surface of the box body; the display unit 6 is a liquid crystal display screen, and the display unit 6 is used for displaying the current wind direction deflection angle.
The power supply unit 10 is electrically connected with the core control board 9; the power supply unit 10 supplies power to the capacitive wind direction measuring device through a USB interface.
The signal system processing block diagram shown in fig. 2, the direction of the atmospheric wind direction of the external environment is changed through the wind vane 1 in the wind direction detection unit, the wind direction rod 2 rotates along with the rotation of the wind vane 1, and then the cylindrical capacitor is driven to rotate through the cylindrical electrode plate 5, so that a certain capacitance is generated between the inner and outer electrode plates, the capacitance of the cylindrical capacitor is amplified and converted into analog and digital by the capacitance measurement module, an electric signal is output to the core control panel 9 and is processed, and the obtained data is transmitted to the display unit 6 through a wire.
The calculation formula of the bipolar plate cylindrical capacitor is as follows:
wherein ε is a relative dielectric constant, RARadius of a circular spindle to a rotating cylindrical electrode plate, RBThe radius from a circular mandrel to a fixed cylindrical electrode plate, L is the height of the cylinder, K is the proportion of the current common included angle between the two electrode plates in the whole circumference, and C is the capacitance between the two electrode plates.
Because the device is half of the whole capacitor when the capacitance value is the opposite of the inner and outer electrode plates when the capacitance value is the maximum, namely 0.5C, the relative area between the rotating cylindrical electrode plate and the fixed cylindrical electrode plate is split into 180 parts, and the relative area between the rotating cylindrical electrode plate and the fixed cylindrical electrode plate is increased or reduced by one part of area when the wind direction rod rotates once, the direct proportion relation between the wind direction angle and the numerical value of the capacitor at the moment can be obviously known. The larger the angle of deflection, the larger the relative area between the electrode plates and hence the larger the capacitance.
The circuit for measuring the capacity of the cylindrical capacitor is an integrating circuit JFQ, and as shown in fig. 3, the integrating relation of the integrating circuit 7 is:
capacitance C between two electrode plates to be measuredFSlave integrated operational amplifier AJ as integrating capacitor1Is inverted input terminal EaAnd an output terminal EbTwo parts are connected into an integrating circuit, the waveform output by the integrating circuit is a sine wave, and the inverting input end in the integrating circuit formula is enabled to input a standard voltage VRAnd fixed. When a measurement capacitance starting instruction is issued, the measurement steps are as follows:
(1) timer JSQ directional discharge switch S2Switch command terminal K2And sending a power-on command, and switching on the current of the two electrode plates of the capacitor, wherein the switching-on time is 3-8 times of a time constant.
(2) Timer JSQ directional integral switch S1Switch command terminal K1Sending out an on integral switch S1The instructions cause the integrator to start integrating.
(3) The timer JSQ starts timing by counting the number of pulses, the integration time is fixed by fixing the number of pulses, and the integration capacitor C is obtained after the integration time is from 0 to TFIntegral voltage value V of both sidesFf。
(4) Timer JSQ directional integral switch S1Switch command terminal K1Emitting a cut-off integral switch S1Command, simultaneously issue sampling switch S3Instruction of (1), integrating capacitor CFIntegral voltage value V of both sidesFfIs collected by a sampling capacitor.
(5) Sample holder BCQ maintains sampling capacitance C2Makes the keeper BCQ voltage equal to the integration voltage.
(6) The keeper BCQ voltage is input to an analog-to-digital converter and converted to a digital quantity.
The integral time T is fixed as T, and the integral relation is simplified into VFfAnd RFCFThe inverse relationship is:
integrating capacitor CFIntegral voltage V on both sidesFfThe value and the capacitance C of the capacitor to be measuredFThe magnitudes are inversely proportional, which in turn depends on the voltage VFfThe magnitude of the value is known as the integrating capacitor CFThe size of the capacity of (c).
The digital quantity converted by the analog-to-digital converter is input to the STM32F103 single chip microcomputer to calculate given data to obtain wind direction data, and the wind direction data is transmitted to the LCD screen for display through electric connection.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A capacitive wind direction measuring device, characterized in that, capacitive wind direction measuring device includes: the wind direction detection device comprises a box body, a wind direction detection unit, a cylindrical capacitor and a capacitance measurement module; the cylindrical capacitor and the capacitance measuring module are arranged in the box body;
the wind direction detection unit is arranged at the top end of the cylindrical capacitor; the wind direction detection unit is used for driving the rotating cylindrical electrode plate in the cylindrical capacitor so as to adjust the relative area between the rotating cylindrical electrode plate and the fixed cylindrical electrode plate; the cylindrical capacitor is used for outputting an electric signal according to the change of the relative area between the rotating cylindrical electrode plate and the fixed cylindrical electrode plate;
the cylindrical capacitor is electrically connected with the capacitance measuring module; the capacitance measuring module is used for collecting and processing the electric signals output by the cylindrical capacitor and outputting a wind direction deflection angle.
2. The capacitive wind direction measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the wind direction detecting unit specifically comprises: a wind vane and a wind pole;
the wind vane is connected with the upper end of the wind direction rod, and the lower end of the wind direction rod is connected with the inner cylinder of the cylindrical capacitor; the rotation of the wind vane drives the wind direction rod to rotate so as to drive the inner cylinder to rotate.
3. Capacitive wind direction measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that said cylindrical capacitor comprises in particular: the inner cylinder, outer cylinder, and dielectric between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder;
the side surface of the inner cylinder is provided with the rotating cylindrical electrode plate, and the side surface of the outer cylinder is provided with the fixed cylindrical electrode plate.
4. A capacitive wind direction measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the dielectric between the inner and outer cylinders is glycerol.
5. The capacitive wind direction measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the cylindrical capacitor has a relative area between the rotating cylindrical electrode plate and the fixed cylindrical electrode plate of 0 at an initial time.
6. The capacitive wind direction measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the capacitance measuring module specifically comprises: the device comprises an integrating circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion ADC acquisition circuit and a core control panel;
the integration circuit is electrically connected with the cylindrical capacitor; the integrating circuit is used for amplifying the electric signal and converting the amplified electric signal into a voltage signal;
the analog-to-digital conversion ADC acquisition circuit is electrically connected with the integrating circuit; the analog-to-digital conversion ADC acquisition circuit is used for converting the voltage signal into a digital signal;
the core control board is electrically connected with the analog-to-digital conversion ADC acquisition circuit; and the core control board processes the digital signal and determines the wind direction deflection angle.
7. The capacitive wind direction measuring device of claim 6, wherein the core control board is model number STM32F 103.
8. The capacitive wind direction measuring device according to claim 6, further comprising: a display unit;
the display unit is electrically connected with the core control board and arranged on the outer surface of the box body; the display unit is a liquid crystal display screen and is used for displaying the current wind direction deflection angle.
9. The capacitive wind direction measuring device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, further comprising: a power supply unit;
the power supply unit is electrically connected with the core control board; and the power supply unit supplies power to the capacitance type wind direction measuring device through a USB interface.
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| CN202011459639.8A CN112782423A (en) | 2020-12-11 | 2020-12-11 | Capacitive wind direction measuring device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011459639.8A CN112782423A (en) | 2020-12-11 | 2020-12-11 | Capacitive wind direction measuring device |
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| CN112782423A true CN112782423A (en) | 2021-05-11 |
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2020
- 2020-12-11 CN CN202011459639.8A patent/CN112782423A/en active Pending
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| CN1465951A (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-07 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Area-changing capacitance analog modulation output type angular displacement sensor |
| CN101655569A (en) * | 2008-08-20 | 2010-02-24 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Micro-mechanical capacitance type anemometer |
| CN201697932U (en) * | 2009-11-05 | 2011-01-05 | 浙江运达风力发电工程有限公司 | Capacitance type anemoclinograph of wind turbine generator set |
| CN203069616U (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2013-07-17 | 马键 | Portable wind speed and wind direction measuring instrument |
| CN104316130A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-28 | 深圳市爱普特微电子有限公司 | Air volume measurement method and device based on capacitive sensor |
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