CN112781978B - In-situ tester for micromechanics property of variable-angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material - Google Patents
In-situ tester for micromechanics property of variable-angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material Download PDFInfo
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- CN112781978B CN112781978B CN202110122768.6A CN202110122768A CN112781978B CN 112781978 B CN112781978 B CN 112781978B CN 202110122768 A CN202110122768 A CN 202110122768A CN 112781978 B CN112781978 B CN 112781978B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/005—Electromagnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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Abstract
The invention relates to an in-situ tester for microscopic mechanical properties of a variable-angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material, which comprises a base, and an angle adjusting mechanism, a stretching mechanism, a clamp fixing mechanism, an acting force detecting mechanism, a displacement detecting mechanism, a microscopic observation mechanism and a thermocouple occasion heating mechanism which are arranged on the base; the stretching mechanism comprises a fixed stretching part and a movable stretching part, and the angle adjusting mechanism adjusts the rotation angle of the movable stretching part on a fixed base of the fixed stretching part; the clamp fixing mechanism clamps the test piece; the acting force detection mechanism is positioned on the clamp fixing mechanism; the displacement detection mechanism is fixedly connected with the stretching mechanism and is used for detecting the stretching displacement of the test piece; the microscopic observation mechanism is positioned above the test piece; the thermocouple occasion heating mechanism heats the test piece environment. The invention can effectively solve the problems that the traditional tensile testing device has large volume, is difficult to carry out in-situ real-time dynamic monitoring and can not fully reflect the service condition of the material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precise instruments, in particular to an in-situ tester for microscopic mechanical properties of a variable-angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material.
Background
Along with the progress of science and technology, the requirements of people on products are higher and higher, and the use conditions of product parts are also more and more complex. Various materials and parts thereof are commonly subjected to the combined action of various loads in the actual service process, and the complex stress state can aggravate the failure and damage of the materials. However, before the new material is put into the engineering field, the mechanical property of the new material must be detected by a material testing instrument, so that the performance parameters and the structural characteristics of the material are obtained, the reliability and the safety of the product are ensured, and the serious economic loss and personal hazard are avoided. The test simulation material service condition is the stress state of the material in the service process, and can provide the most valuable reference for the preparation and engineering design and application of the material. According to the test simulation result, the mechanical property of the material can be reflected objectively, and various factors influencing the failure of the material can be analyzed, so that the evolution of the damage of the material and the failure mechanism under the service working condition can be deduced.
Tensile test instruments are the material test instruments which are more commonly used at present and are more basic for testing mechanical property parameters of materials. During experiments, the movable cross beam is adjusted to a proper position, the standard test piece is clamped when being in a plumb position and in a middle position, and then the standard test piece is loaded and stretched. However, the conventional tensile testing device has the problem of large volume, and the test under the conventional device belongs to an ex-situ tensile test, namely in the dynamic process of the test, the in-situ real-time dynamic monitoring of the tested piece can not be carried out under the tensile loading working condition by means of microscopic imaging components such as a scanning electron microscope, a Raman spectrometer, a laser confocal microscope or a super-depth-of-field microscope.
In addition, some instruments are integrated with imaging devices such as a scanning metallographic microscope and the like in order to acquire microscopic images of microscopic deformation and failure behaviors of materials, so that the instruments adopt a miniaturized design, and the size of a test piece is far smaller than that of a traditional force performance test piece. In addition, test piece experimental data of the traditional biaxial stretching instrument are limited to the orthogonal direction, and service conditions of materials cannot be fully reflected. Therefore, a new technical scheme is needed to comprehensively solve the problems existing in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an in-situ tester for microscopic mechanical properties of a variable-angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material, which can effectively solve the problems that a traditional stretching testing device is large in size, in-situ real-time dynamic monitoring is difficult to carry out, and the service condition of the material cannot be fully reflected.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the in-situ tester for the microscopic mechanical properties of the variable-angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material comprises a base, and an angle adjusting mechanism, a stretching mechanism, a fixture fixing mechanism, an acting force detecting mechanism, a displacement detecting mechanism, a microscopic observation mechanism and a thermocouple occasion heating mechanism, wherein the angle adjusting mechanism is arranged on the base and used for adjusting the biaxial stretching angle; the stretching mechanism comprises a fixed stretching part and a movable stretching part which are arranged in a crossed manner, the fixed stretching part is fixed on a base, the movable stretching part is arranged on the angle adjusting mechanism, the angle adjusting mechanism adjusts the rotation angle of the movable stretching part, and a variable-angle biaxial stretching test of the test piece is carried out; the clamp fixing mechanism clamps the test specimen and fixes the test specimen on the stretching mechanism; the acting force detection mechanism is positioned on the clamp fixing mechanism and used for detecting the load born by the test piece; the displacement detection mechanism is fixedly connected with the stretching mechanism and is used for detecting the stretching displacement of the test piece; the microcosmic observation mechanism is positioned above the test piece and is used for observing the test piece in the test; the thermocouple occasion heating mechanism heats the test piece environment.
Preferably, the angle adjusting mechanism comprises a driving motor arranged on a base, a traction gear and a driven gear ring, wherein the traction gear and the driven gear ring are connected in a meshed mode, a circular ring-shaped sliding rail is arranged on the base, a sliding block matched with the circular ring-shaped sliding rail for use is arranged below the driven gear ring at intervals, the driving motor drives the traction gear to move, the driven gear ring and the sliding block are driven to rotate in the circular ring-shaped sliding rail by taking the center of the driven gear ring as the center, a rotating plate is fixedly arranged above the driven gear ring, the rotating plate is radially arranged along the driven gear ring, and the movable stretching part is fixed on the rotating plate.
Preferably, the angle adjusting mechanism further comprises a plurality of photoelectric sensors electrically connected with the driving motor, the photoelectric sensors are distributed on the base, the driving motor drives the rotating plate to rotate, the photoelectric sensors are started when passing through the photoelectric sensors, the driving motor stops running, and the position of the rotating plate is positioned.
Preferably, the four photoelectric sensors are arranged at positions 60 degrees and 45 degrees from the straight line where the fixed stretching part is located.
Preferably, the fixed stretching part and the movable stretching part comprise a bidirectional screw rod, a screw rod seat, a gear set and a servo motor, and the gear set comprises a first gear and a second gear which are meshed with each other; the two screw bases are arranged and sleeved on the bidirectional screw, the test piece is arranged between the two screw bases through the fixture fixing device, and a linear guide rail with the length direction consistent with the axial direction of the bidirectional screw is arranged below the two screw bases;
the linear guide rail of the fixed stretching part is fixed on the base, the two screw rod seats are in sliding connection with the corresponding linear guide rail, one end of the two screw rod is fixed on the base through the supporting seat, the two screw rod is rotationally arranged on the supporting seat along the circumferential direction of the two screw rod, the other end of the two screw rod is provided with a first gear, a second gear is connected with the servo motor through the supporting seat, the servo motor drives the second gear to rotate, drives the two screw rod seats to axially synchronously move along the two screw rod, and stretches or extrudes the test piece;
The linear guide rail of movable stretching part is fixed on the rotor plate, and two lead screw seats are all with its linear guide rail sliding connection who corresponds, and one end of bi-directional lead screw passes through the supporting seat to be fixed on the rotor plate, and bi-directional lead screw rotates along its own circumference and establish on the supporting seat, and the other end of bi-directional lead screw is equipped with first gear, and the second gear passes through the supporting seat and links to each other with servo motor, and servo motor drive second gear rotates, drives bi-directional lead screw and rotates, drives two lead screw seats along bi-directional lead screw circumference synchronous motion, tensile or extrusion test piece.
Preferably, the fixture fixing mechanism comprises a fixture upper plate and a fixture lower plate which are connected through threaded holes and screws, a dovetail groove is formed in one side, which is contacted with the test piece, of the fixture lower plate, a screw hole for fixing the test piece is formed in the dovetail groove, a boss matched with the dovetail groove is arranged on one side, which is contacted with the test piece, of the fixture upper plate, the test piece is arranged in the dovetail groove and is fixed between the fixture upper plate and the fixture lower plate through screws, and the fixture lower plate is fixed on the screw rod seat.
Preferably, the acting force detection mechanism comprises a force sensor, the force sensor is arranged on the screw seat through a clamp supporting plate, the clamp supporting plate comprises a supporting flat plate parallel to the clamp lower plate and a supporting vertical plate perpendicular to the clamp lower plate, the supporting vertical plate is arranged at one end of the supporting flat plate close to the screw seat, and the force sensor is arranged between the supporting vertical plate and the screw seat.
Preferably, the displacement detection mechanism comprises spring clamps and displacement sensors, the number of the spring clamps is consistent with that of the screw bases, the spring clamps are fixedly connected with the corresponding screw bases respectively, two ends of each displacement sensor are respectively arranged on the spring clamps on the same bidirectional screw, and the displacement sensors detect axial displacement of the screw bases on the same bidirectional screw.
Preferably, the microscopic observation mechanism is arranged on the base through a bracket, the bracket is arranged at the corner position of the base, the microscopic observation mechanism is rotatably arranged on the bracket and is used for microscopic observation of the test specimen, and the microscopic observation mechanism is a Raman spectrometer, an X-ray diffractometer, an ultra-depth-of-field microscope or an optical microscope.
Preferably, the thermocouple occasion heating mechanism comprises a mounting seat, a halogen lamp and an adjusting frame for adjusting the heating height and angle of the halogen lamp, wherein the halogen lamp is fixedly arranged at one end of the adjusting frame, the other end of the adjusting frame is detachably arranged on the mounting seat, and the mounting seat is fixedly arranged with the base.
According to the angle-variable biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material micromechanics performance in-situ tester provided in the technical scheme, an angle adjusting mechanism, a stretching mechanism, a clamp fixing mechanism, an acting force detecting mechanism, a displacement detecting mechanism, a microcosmic observing mechanism and a thermocouple occasion heating mechanism are arranged on a base; the biaxial stretching of a preset included angle is realized through the angle adjusting mechanism, and then the test is carried out, so that the influence of any-angle biaxial load on the deformation and damage of the material under the actual service condition of the material can be better simulated, the failure mechanism of the material under any-angle bidirectional stress can be further revealed, and a favorable reference is provided for the safety design of the service material under unidirectional and complex plane stress; meanwhile, the heating mechanism in the thermocouple occasion can provide guarantee for researching mechanical properties of various materials under different loads and thermal field coupling, is suitable for in-situ biaxial stretching and variable-angle biaxial stretching tests of microscopic mechanical properties of metal materials and non-metal materials, provides data reference for researching microscopic damage evolution rules and failure mechanisms of the metal materials and the non-metal materials, and effectively promotes preparation and utilization of the materials.
According to the invention, the angle adjustment is realized by adopting the traction gear and the driven gear ring which are meshed with each other, and the traction gear is driven by the driving motor, so that the driven gear ring rotates, and the movable stretching part arranged on the rotary plate of the driven gear ring is driven to rotate, so that the adjustment of the angles of the fixed stretching part and the movable stretching part is realized; in addition, in order to improve the accuracy of angle adjustment, can set up photoelectric sensor in the route region of rotor plate, utilize photoelectric sensor and driving motor's electricity to connect the effect, make the rotor plate remove the operation of closing driving motor behind the preset angle, realize the regulation and the fixed of movable stretching portion angle.
The stretching mechanism adopts the bidirectional screw rod to be matched with the screw rod seat for use, realizes synchronous axial movement of the screw rod seat on the bidirectional screw rod by utilizing the bidirectional screw thread of the bidirectional screw rod so as to realize stretching or extrusion of a test piece, and simultaneously adopts the displacement sensor to measure the test piece so as to detect the displacement change of the test piece in real time; and similarly, a force sensor is arranged between the screw rod seat and the clamp fixing mechanism, and the load of the test piece is measured through the force sensor.
In order to ensure the clamping stability of the test piece, the clamp fixing mechanism is arranged to be of a structure comprising an upper clamp plate and a lower clamp plate, a dovetail groove is formed in the lower clamp plate, a boss is arranged in the dovetail groove, the test piece is clamped and fixed by utilizing the matching effect of the boss and the dovetail groove, and meanwhile, the test piece is connected through threads, so that the test piece is convenient to replace and adjust.
Finally, a microscopic observation mechanism is rotatably arranged on the base, the microscopic observation mechanism is utilized to conduct microscopic observation on the test specimen, and the rotatable support is arranged at different switchable angles so as to be convenient for fully observing the test specimen, thereby effectively solving the problem that the traditional equipment is difficult to accurately collect the tensile stress-strain curve of the material; through setting up thermocouple occasion heating mechanism, utilize the environment of halogen lamp test piece to heat, the halogen lamp can reach required temperature to small-size test piece in the short time, and angle and height-adjustable can make it test the test piece of different temperature requirement materials, greatly increased the range of application of test instrument.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an in-situ tester for microscopic mechanical properties of a variable angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fixture attachment apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an assembly view of the movable tension section axial force loading unit;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the deformation of the movable tensile section axial loading unit under force;
FIG. 6 is a theoretical model of a test piece;
FIG. 7 is a process error correction chart;
Fig. 8 is a front view of the test piece at various rotation angles.
In the figure: 1. a base; 2. an angle adjusting mechanism; 21. a traction gear; 22. a driven gear ring; 23. a slide block; 24. a circular slide rail; 25. a rotating plate; 26. a photoelectric sensor; 3. a stretching mechanism; 31. a bidirectional screw rod; 32. a support base; 33. a first gear; 34. a servo motor; 35. a second gear; 36. a screw rod seat; 37. a linear guide rail; 4. a clamp fixing mechanism; 41. a clamp lower plate; 42. a clamp upper plate; 43. a dovetail groove; 44. a boss; 45. a clamp support plate; 5. a force sensor; 6. a spring clamp; 7. a displacement sensor; 8. a microscopic observation mechanism; 81. a bracket; 9. a thermocouple occasion heating mechanism; 91. a halogen lamp; 92. an adjusting frame; 93. a mounting base; 10. and testing the test piece.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples below in order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the following text is intended to describe only one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not limit the scope of the invention strictly as claimed.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as shown in figures 1-4, and the microscopic mechanical property in-situ tester of the variable-angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material comprises a base 1, an angle adjusting mechanism 2, a stretching mechanism 3, a clamp fixing mechanism 4, an acting force detecting mechanism, a displacement detecting mechanism, a microscopic observing mechanism 8 and a thermocouple occasion heating mechanism 9, wherein the angle adjusting mechanism 2, the stretching mechanism 3, the clamp fixing mechanism 4, the acting force detecting mechanism, the displacement detecting mechanism, the microscopic observing mechanism 8 and the thermocouple occasion heating mechanism are arranged on the base 1; the angle adjusting mechanism 2 is arranged on the base 1 and comprises a circular slide rail 24, a traction gear 21 and a driven gear ring 22, the traction gear 21 is arranged at the center of the base 1, a rotary servo motor drives the traction gear 21 to rotate so as to drive the driven gear ring 22 to rotate, the degree of freedom in the horizontal direction is generated, the upper end of the driven gear ring 22 is fixedly connected with a rotary plate 25, a movable stretching part of the stretching mechanism 3 is fixed on the rotary plate, the lower end of the stretching mechanism is fixedly connected with a sliding block 23 and rotates on the circular slide rail 24 around the center of the sliding block 23, the rotary servo motor is started to drive the traction gear 21 to rotate, and the rotary plate 25 is driven to rotate so as to realize the change of an included angle between the movable stretching part and the fixed stretching part; meanwhile, if a specified rotation angle is to be measured accurately, four photoelectric sensors 26 mounted on the base plate and electrically connected with the rotation servo motor are utilized, in this embodiment, the four photoelectric sensors 26 are respectively mounted at positions 60 ° and 45 ° away from the straight line where the fixed stretching portion is located, so that when the rotation plate 25 rotates from a state perpendicular to the fixed stretching portion to a state where the angle is 60 ° or 45 ° with respect to the fixed stretching portion, the rotation servo motor is turned off, the rotation of the traction gear 21 and the driven gear ring 22 is stopped, that is, accurate positioning of the rotation angle of the rotation plate 25 is realized, and the amount of stretching deformation at the specified rotation angle is measured.
The stretching mechanism 3 comprises the movable stretching part and the fixed stretching part which are arranged in a crossing way, wherein the fixed stretching part and the movable stretching part comprise a bidirectional screw rod 31, a screw rod seat 36, a gear set and a servo motor, and the gear set comprises a first gear 33 and a second gear 35 which are meshed with each other; the two screw bases 36 are arranged and sleeved on the bidirectional screw 31, the test piece 10 is arranged between the two screw bases 36 through a fixture fixing device, and a linear guide rail 37 with the length direction consistent with the axial direction of the bidirectional screw 31 is arranged below the two screw bases 36; the linear guide rail 37 of the fixed stretching part is fixed on the base 1, the two screw rod seats 36 are in sliding connection with the corresponding linear guide rail 37, one end of the two screw rod 31 is fixed on the base 1 through the supporting seat 32, the two screw rod 31 is rotationally arranged on the supporting seat 32 along the circumferential direction of the two screw rod 31, the other end of the two screw rod 31 is provided with a first gear 33, the second gear 35 is connected with a servo motor through the supporting seat 32, the servo motor 34 drives the second gear 35 to rotate, the two screw rod 31 is driven to rotate, and the two screw rod seats 36 are driven to axially synchronously move along the two screw rod 31 to stretch or squeeze the test piece 10; the linear guide rail 37 of the movable stretching part is fixed on the rotating plate 25, the two screw rod seats 36 are both in sliding connection with the corresponding linear guide rail 37, one end of the bidirectional screw rod 31 is fixed on the rotating plate 25 through the supporting seat 32, the bidirectional screw rod 31 is rotationally arranged on the supporting seat 32 along the circumferential direction of the bidirectional screw rod 31, the other end of the bidirectional screw rod 31 is provided with a first gear 33, the second gear 35 is connected with the servo motor 34 through the supporting seat 32, the servo motor 34 drives the second gear 35 to rotate, drives the bidirectional screw rod 31 to rotate, drives the two screw rod seats 36 to synchronously move along the circumferential direction of the bidirectional screw rod 31, and stretches or extrudes the test piece 10; in order to improve the flexibility of the screw rod seat and reduce the manufacturing difficulty, the lower ends of the screw rod seat of the fixed stretching part and the movable stretching part are also provided with guide blocks which are in sliding fit with the linear guide rail.
As shown in fig. 3, the fixture fixing mechanism 4 comprises a fixture upper plate 42 and a fixture lower plate 41, the fixture upper plate 42 and the fixture lower plate 41 are respectively provided with a plurality of threaded holes, the test specimen 10 is arranged between the fixture upper plate 42 and the fixture lower plate 41, a dovetail groove 43 is formed in one surface of the fixture lower plate 41, which is close to the test specimen 10, the surface of the fixture upper plate 42, which is close to the test specimen 10, is provided with a boss 44, the dovetail groove 43 is consistent in shape with the boss 44 and is matched with the boss 44, the test specimen 10 is fixed between the fixture upper plate 42 and the fixture lower plate 41, and the inner hexagon countersunk screws penetrate through the threaded holes to realize the fastening connection of the fixture upper plate 42 and the fixture lower plate 41; in addition, a threaded hole is formed in the dovetail groove 43 of the lower clamp plate 41, and holes are formed in corresponding positions on the test piece 10, so that the pre-tightening of the test piece 10 can be better ensured by using screws, and the test piece 10 is fastened in the dovetail groove 43 of the lower clamp plate 41; stripes for increasing friction are arranged in the dovetail groove 43 and on the table top of the boss 44; in addition, the fixture fixing mechanism 4 further includes a fixture supporting plate 45, the fixture lower plate 41 is fixed to the fixture supporting plate 45 by screw holes and screws, the fixture supporting plate 45 includes a supporting plate parallel to the fixture lower plate 41 and a supporting riser perpendicular to the fixture lower plate 41, the force detecting mechanism includes a force sensor 5, the supporting riser is disposed at one end of the supporting plate near the screw base 36, and the force sensor 5 is disposed between the supporting riser and the screw base 36.
Referring to fig. 4, the displacement detection mechanism includes a spring clamp 6 and a displacement sensor 7, the lower end of the spring clamp is locked by a fastening bolt, the number of the spring clamp 6 is consistent with the number of screw bases 36, the spring clamp 6 is respectively fixedly connected with the corresponding screw bases 36, two ends of the displacement sensor 7 are respectively installed on the spring clamp 6 on the same bidirectional screw 31, the displacement sensor 7 detects the axial displacement of the screw bases 36 on the same bidirectional screw 31, and is used for recording the displacement when the test specimen 10 is loaded, and indirectly measuring the axial displacement of the test specimen 10 on the bidirectional screw 31.
In this embodiment, the microscopic observation mechanism 8 is mounted on the base 1 through the bracket 81, the bracket 81 is disposed at a corner position of the base 1, the microscopic observation mechanism 8 is rotatably disposed on the bracket 81, and performs microscopic observation on the test piece 10, and the microscopic observation mechanism 8 is an optical microscope, and meanwhile, a Raman spectrometer, an X-ray diffractometer, an ultra-depth-of-field microscope, and the like can be selected.
The thermocouple occasion heating mechanism 9 comprises a mounting seat 93, a 1000W high-power halogen lamp 91 and an adjusting frame 92 for adjusting the heating height and angle of the halogen lamp 91, wherein the halogen lamp 91 is fixedly arranged at one end of the adjusting frame 92, the other end of the adjusting frame 92 is detachably arranged on the mounting seat 93, and the mounting seat 93 is fixedly arranged with the base 1; the high-power halogen lamp 91 of 1000W can make small-size test piece reach required temperature in the short time, and halogen lamp 91 is used for heating test piece 10, fixes on mount pad 93 through angle and high adjustable alignment jig 92 to realize the test of test piece 10 to different temperature requirement materials, greatly increased the range of application of test instrument.
The algorithm analysis and the structure correction are performed on the variable-angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material micromechanics performance in-situ tester in the embodiment.
The test specimen that this embodiment adopted is the dull and stereotyped test specimen of symmetry form, according to the different functions in its experiments, divide into gauge length part, transition portion, clamping part, gauge length part is the minimum part of test specimen width, in the course of the experiment, this part is the area that deformation produced the fracture, and can carry out normal position observation through metallographic microscope, transition portion is in order to reduce stress concentration phenomenon, make the fracture of test specimen probably produce in gauge length part, clamping part is the biggest part of test specimen width, the area of contact that has guaranteed test specimen and anchor clamps is great, the frictional force has been increased, mainly play the effect of fixed test specimen.
The following algorithm for correcting the processing error and elastic modulus is firstly carried out
As shown in fig. 6 (b), it can be seen that before the test specimen is stretched, the horizontal planes of the screw bases on both sides are not at the same height due to the machining error of the device, so that a certain inclination is generated in the clamping process of the specimen, the center line of the screw base is not in the same plane, so that bending stress is generated in the test process of the specimen due to the machining error of the device, and whether the tensile deformation of the specimen in the horizontal plane is difficult to accurately measure is difficult to be measured, therefore, an algorithm compensation method is provided to obtain the actual stress condition of the specimen, namely, the actual stress of the specimen is calculated through force decomposition projection.
The specific parameters of the force sensor used in this embodiment are as follows:
The force sensor is fixed on the screw rod seat, when the X-axis (movable stretching part) starts to work, the force sensor measures the pulling force of one end of the test piece, and as the two-way screw rod rotates for one circle, the forces generated by the two screw rod nuts are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, the force sensor is used for measuring the pulling force as F, and a theoretical model is established as shown in figure 6.
When the center section and the vertical plane of the test piece are not in the same plane, as shown in the processing error correction chart of fig. 7, the distance from the tensile force to the center line of the test piece is L 1,L2, the thickness of the test piece is h, W a,Wb,Wc,Wd,We is the corresponding width, and L a,Lb,Lc,Ld,Le is the corresponding length, then the bending moment W to which the test piece is subjected is:
W＝Fα×L1+Fα×L2
When the test piece is still in the elastic stage, the stress sigma 1 generated by the bending moment of the test piece and the stress sigma 2 generated by the tensile force can be expressed as follows:
The further deduction is as follows:
When the test piece forms an included angle with the horizontal plane, the inclined angle between the test piece and the horizontal plane is set as alpha,
The test piece receives a horizontal actual tensile force F α in the projection direction and a tensile force F t in the vertical direction:
Ft＝F×cosa Fa×F×cosa
the actual tensile force F β of the test piece is:
According to a calculation error correction method for elastic modulus caused by clamping position proposed by Jilin university Ma Zhi et al, when a test piece is in an elastic stage, r is an arc radius for a transition region in the figure, and the relationship between W b and l b is as follows:
As shown in fig. 6, when the specimen is in the elastic phase, the amount of change Δl e,ΔLd,ΔLc of the gauge length portion, the transition portion, and the grip portion is our required amount, where E a is the actual elastic modulus.
Similarly, the amount of strain Δl a of the clamped portion is:
From the mathematical model established, Δl c can be obtained as:
the total strain amount al is:
Further deriving the modulus of elasticity E m:
since Wa,Wb,Wc,Wd,We,La,Lb,Lc,Ld,Le,h is known in the figure, E a＝12.01Em is obtained after correction.
Correction algorithm for frame deformation
The LVDT displacement sensor is fixed on the support body of the fixture, and the deformation of the whole loading unit element is accumulated into the measured total deformation amount during the test, so that the deformation of the whole machine is required to be analyzed, and the deformation amount of the whole machine is required to be removed during the later test analysis. Fig. 4 shows a structural assembly view of the X (i.e., movable tension section) axial force loading unit.
Assuming that the resulting deformation of the loading unit is Δl rack, the total deformation measured by the displacement sensor is Δl total, which can be expressed as:
Δltotal=Δl rack
In the loading process, the connecting pieces such as the fixture fixing mechanism, the force sensor supporting frame and the guide block are likely to deform to different degrees, and the deformation of each connecting piece is difficult and complicated to accurately measure. In this case, an indirect measuring method is used to determine the deformation of the machine frame, i.e. the deformation of the test piece between the two clamping bodies is measured by means of a displacement sensor, and then the deformation of this part is subtracted from the total deformation, so that the deformation of the entire machine frame can be determined.
The specific parameters using the displacement sensor are as follows:
The displacement sensor is fixed on the spring clamp through the fastening bolt, when the X axial loading unit works, the displacement sensor measures the displacement of the clamp body at one side, and as the two-way screw rod rotates for one circle, the displacement produced by the two screw rod nuts is equal in size and opposite in direction, the displacement sensor is used for measuring the displacement delta L 1, and the deformation of the frame can be expressed as follows:
2×Δl rack=Δl-2×Δl 1
In the experiment, the loading force value is selected as an independent variable, and as the measuring range of the displacement sensor is smaller, the test piece is plastically deformed, and the displacement sensor is overtravel, the force value change range of the elastic deformation stage of the test piece is selected, red copper is used as a limiting condition of the independent variable, and the extracted force values are respectively 25N, 500N, 125N, 150N, 175N, 200N, 225N, 250N and 275N. Three groups of tests are carried out, the average value of the force value and the deformation is taken, the linear relation between the deformation 2 xDeltaL machine frame=DeltaL-2 xDeltaL 1 quantity of the machine frame and the loading force is found, the flexibility coefficient of the machine frame is set as C, the loading force is set as F, and the method comprises the following steps:
Δlrack=f×c+a
The relation between the loading force and the deformation obtained by the test is as follows: y=6.34×10-4+0.00024, since the resolution of the displacement sensor is 0.1 μm, the coefficient 0.000024mm is negligible, and the frame compliance coefficient C x of the X-direction loading unit can be taken to be 6.34×10 -4.
Similarly, the frame compliance coefficient C y of the loading unit in the Y direction can be found to be 1.235×10 -3. When 6061 aluminum is used as a test material, the frame compliance coefficients in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are 6.31×10 -4 and 1.234×10 -3, respectively, and the errors are 0.2% and 0.8% respectively, which are smaller than 5% compared with the frame compliance obtained by taking red copper as a test piece, and it can be considered that the measured frame compliance should satisfy the tests of other materials, and the average value of the two sets of coefficients is taken, so that:
Ltotal=Fx6.34× -4 +ΔL (1)
Δltotal=fx1.235× -3 +Δl (2)
Since the deformation of the frame is linear with the loading force over the loading range of the device, equations (1) and (2) apply throughout the test phase, then the strains in the X-axis (active stretch) and Y-axis (fixed stretch) can be expressed as:
From formulas (1) and (2), it can be seen that when the force is 1000N, the deformation of the frame is large, the frame must be removed from the total deformation, the miniaturization of the components of the device reduces the rigidity of the whole machine, and the calculation method of the flexibility of the frame can be popularized to the design and calibration of the in-situ test device.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various equivalent changes and substitutions can be made therein without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such equivalent changes and substitutions should also be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a change angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material micromechanics performance normal position tester which characterized in that: the device comprises a base, an angle adjusting mechanism, a stretching mechanism, a clamp fixing mechanism, an acting force detecting mechanism, a displacement detecting mechanism, a microscopic observation mechanism and a thermocouple occasion heating mechanism which are arranged on the base;
The stretching mechanism comprises a fixed stretching part and a movable stretching part which are arranged in a crossed manner, the fixed stretching part is fixed on a base, the movable stretching part is arranged on the angle adjusting mechanism, the angle adjusting mechanism adjusts the rotation angle of the movable stretching part, and a test piece variable-angle biaxial stretching test is performed; the clamp fixing mechanism clamps the test specimen and fixes the test specimen on the stretching mechanism; the acting force detection mechanism is positioned on the clamp fixing mechanism and used for detecting the load born by the test piece; the displacement detection mechanism is fixedly connected with the stretching mechanism and is used for detecting the stretching displacement of the test piece; the microcosmic observation mechanism is positioned above the test piece and is used for observing the test piece in the test; the thermocouple occasion heating mechanism heats the test piece environment;
The angle adjusting mechanism comprises a driving motor, a traction gear and a driven gear ring, wherein the driving motor is arranged on a base, the traction gear and the driven gear ring are in meshed connection, a circular ring-shaped sliding rail is arranged on the base, a sliding block matched with the circular ring-shaped sliding rail is arranged below the driven gear ring at intervals, the driving motor drives the traction gear to move, the driven gear ring and the sliding block are driven to rotate in the circular ring-shaped sliding rail by taking the center of the driven gear ring as the center, a rotating plate is fixedly arranged above the driven gear ring, the rotating plate is arranged along the radial direction of the driven gear ring, and the movable stretching part is fixed on the rotating plate;
The angle adjusting mechanism further comprises a plurality of photoelectric sensors electrically connected with the driving motor, the photoelectric sensors are distributed on the base, the driving motor drives the rotating plate to rotate, the photoelectric sensors are started when the photoelectric sensors pass through, the driving motor stops running, and the position of the rotating plate is positioned;
The fixed stretching part and the movable stretching part comprise a bidirectional screw rod, a screw rod seat, a gear set and a servo motor, and the gear set comprises a first gear and a second gear which are meshed with each other; the two screw bases are arranged and sleeved on the bidirectional screw, the test piece is arranged between the two screw bases through the fixture fixing device, and a linear guide rail with the length direction consistent with the axial direction of the bidirectional screw is arranged below the two screw bases;
the linear guide rail of the fixed stretching part is fixed on the base, the two screw rod seats are in sliding connection with the corresponding linear guide rail, one end of the two screw rod is fixed on the base through the supporting seat, the two screw rod is rotationally arranged on the supporting seat along the circumferential direction of the two screw rod, the other end of the two screw rod is provided with a first gear, a second gear is connected with the servo motor through the supporting seat, the servo motor drives the second gear to rotate, drives the two screw rod seats to axially synchronously move along the two screw rod, and stretches or extrudes the test piece;
The linear guide rail of the movable stretching part is fixed on the rotating plate, the two screw rod seats are both in sliding connection with the corresponding linear guide rail, one end of the two screw rod is fixed on the rotating plate through the supporting seat, the two screw rod is rotationally arranged on the supporting seat along the circumferential direction of the two screw rod, the other end of the two screw rod is provided with a first gear, the second gear is connected with the servo motor through the supporting seat, the servo motor drives the second gear to rotate, the two screw rod seats are driven to synchronously move along the circumferential direction of the two screw rod, and the test piece is stretched or extruded;
The thermocouple occasion heating mechanism comprises a mounting seat, a halogen lamp and an adjusting frame for adjusting the heating height and angle of the halogen lamp, wherein the halogen lamp is fixedly arranged at one end of the adjusting frame, the other end of the adjusting frame is detachably arranged on the mounting seat, and the mounting seat is fixedly arranged on the base.
2. The variable angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material micromechanics property in-situ tester according to claim 1, wherein: the four photoelectric sensors are arranged at the positions 60 degrees and 45 degrees away from the straight line where the fixed stretching part is located.
3. The variable angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material micromechanics property in-situ tester according to claim 1, wherein: the fixture fixing mechanism comprises a fixture upper plate and a fixture lower plate which are connected through threaded holes and screws, a dovetail groove is formed in one side, which is contacted with the test piece, of the fixture lower plate, a screw hole for fixing the test piece is formed in the dovetail groove, a boss matched with the dovetail groove is arranged on one side, which is contacted with the test piece, of the fixture upper plate, the test piece is arranged in the dovetail groove and is fixed between the fixture upper plate and the fixture lower plate through screws, and the fixture lower plate is fixed on the screw seat.
4. The variable angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material micromechanics property in-situ tester according to claim 3, wherein: the acting force detection mechanism comprises a force sensor, the force sensor is arranged on the screw seat through a clamp supporting plate, the clamp supporting plate comprises a supporting flat plate parallel to the clamp lower plate and a supporting vertical plate perpendicular to the clamp lower plate, the supporting vertical plate is arranged at one end of the supporting flat plate, close to the screw seat, and the force sensor is arranged between the supporting vertical plate and the screw seat.
5. The variable angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material micromechanics property in-situ tester according to claim 4, wherein: the displacement detection mechanism comprises spring clamps and displacement sensors, the number of the spring clamps is consistent with that of the screw bases, the spring clamps are fixedly connected with the corresponding screw bases respectively, two ends of each displacement sensor are respectively arranged on the spring clamps on the same bidirectional screw, and the displacement sensors detect axial displacement of the screw bases on the same bidirectional screw.
6. The variable angle biaxial stretching and thermal field coupling material micromechanics property in-situ tester according to claim 1, wherein: the microscopic observation mechanism is arranged on the base through a bracket, the bracket is arranged at the corner position of the base, the microscopic observation mechanism is rotatably arranged on the bracket and is used for microscopic observation of a test piece, and the microscopic observation mechanism is a Raman spectrometer, an X-ray diffractometer, an ultra-depth-of-field microscope or an optical microscope.
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