CN112780714B - Protective device for regulating impact load impulse - Google Patents
Protective device for regulating impact load impulse Download PDFInfo
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- CN112780714B CN112780714B CN202011567040.6A CN202011567040A CN112780714B CN 112780714 B CN112780714 B CN 112780714B CN 202011567040 A CN202011567040 A CN 202011567040A CN 112780714 B CN112780714 B CN 112780714B
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 296
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000036540 impulse transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/022—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using dampers and springs in combination
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
- F16F15/06—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with metal springs
- F16F15/067—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with metal springs using only wound springs
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- Vibration Dampers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a protective device for regulating and controlling impact load impulse, which relates to the field of mechanics, and comprises: the device comprises a baffle system, a supporting system and a regulating system; the baffle system includes: the supporting system is used for supporting the baffle system; the regulating system is used for regulating and controlling impact load impulse; the regulation and control system comprises: each sliding track rod is nested with a load transfer block, the load transfer blocks are in a vertical state, the material of each load transfer block is the same as that of the front baffle, and the sum of the masses of all the load transfer blocks is equal to that of the front baffle; each ramp bar has a different inclination. The invention ensures that the pressure of the impact load acting on the protected target is smaller than the threshold value of the pressure which can be borne by the protected object, realizes the purpose of regulating and controlling the impulse and the pressure transmitted to the rear baffle, effectively protects the impulse of the impact load, ensures the safety of the protected target and has extremely high practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mechanics, in particular to a protective device for regulating and controlling impact load impulse.
Background
Many problems arise from impacts in life, industry and many environments, which pose significant threats to the safety of people's lives and property and to the structural integrity of goods, such as: shock waves generated by explosion in air, automobile collision and the like, the shock load is often high in impulse, and the impulse is acted on people or objects to threaten and damage the people or the objects, so that the protection on the shock load is particularly important.
At present, from the analysis of mechanics, the design of a protective structure to attenuate the impact load impulse magnitude and further protect a protected target is a design which is difficult to realize. The main reason is that for the protective structure, the impulse is a physical quantity determined by an external force, and the change of the acting force in the protective structure system cannot effectively attenuate the impulse. In designing a protective structure to attenuate the impact load impulse, it is generally necessary to analyze the protective structure as a whole, and therefore the impact load impulse acting on the protective structure is ultimately also acting on the object to be protected. However, the protected target has a respective damage pressure threshold, and when the pressure applied to the protected target is lower than the threshold, the protected target can be effectively protected. Although it is difficult to design the protective structure to attenuate the impact load impulse, the impact load impulse acting on the protected target can be regulated, so that the pressure acting on the protected target is obviously reduced, and the damage of the impact load impulse to the protected target is reduced. Therefore, how to design a protection structure and effectively regulate and control the impact load impulse is a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a protection device for controlling impact load impulse, which solves the above problems.
The embodiment of the invention provides a protective device for regulating and controlling impact load impulse, which comprises: the device comprises a baffle system, a supporting system and a regulating system;
the baffle system includes: the protective device comprises a front baffle and a rear baffle, wherein one surface of the front baffle faces to the action direction of the impact load, the other surface of the front baffle faces to the rear baffle and is used for receiving impact load impulse, one surface of the rear baffle faces to the front baffle, and the other surface of the rear baffle is in contact with a protected object and is used for receiving the regulated impact load impulse and providing support for the protective device;
the support system is connected with the baffle system and is used for supporting the baffle system;
the regulating system is connected with the baffle system and is used for regulating and controlling the impulse of the impact load;
wherein the regulatory system comprises: each impulse transfer unit comprises a slideway rod and a transfer block, a transfer block is nested on each slideway rod and is in a vertical state, each transfer block can freely slide on the nested slideway rod, the material of each transfer block is the same as that of the front baffle, the thickness of each transfer block is the same, and the sum of the masses of all the transfer blocks is equal to that of the front baffle;
the initial state of each transfer block is in close fit with the front baffle, after the impact load of the explosive wave acts on the front baffle, the front baffle transmits all the impulse to all the transfer blocks, and each transfer block transmits the impulse to the rear baffle on the chute rod nested in the transfer block respectively in different motion states, so that the impulse of the impact load is regulated and controlled;
one end of each slideway rod is fixed on one surface of the rear baffle plate facing the front baffle plate, the other end of each slideway rod extends to the direction of the front baffle plate, the distance between the slideway rod and one side of the front baffle plate facing the rear baffle plate is a first preset distance, and the first preset distance is less than half of the thickness of the load transfer block;
each of the ramp bars has a different inclination and the same span in the direction of transfer of the impact load is slightly less than the horizontal spacing between the front and rear fenders.
Optionally, the support system comprises: a support rail and a buffer spring;
one end of the supporting track is fixed on the rear baffle, and the other end of the supporting track penetrates through the front baffle;
the buffer spring is nested on the supporting track, one end of the buffer spring is fixed on the rear baffle, the other end of the buffer spring extends to the direction of the front baffle and is in a free state, the distance between the buffer spring and one side of the front baffle, which faces the rear baffle, is a second preset distance, and the second preset distance is smaller than the first preset distance;
and in a free state, the other end of the buffer spring is at the second preset distance from the front baffle plate, so that the situation that the front baffle plate moves to impact the rear baffle plate when the front baffle plate cannot completely transmit the impulse of the impact load to each load transfer block is avoided.
Optionally, the front baffle plate slides freely on the support rail in a friction manner, when the impact load acts on the front baffle plate, the front baffle plate obtains the impulse of the impact load, the front baffle plate and all the load transfer blocks have equal mass and the same material, and the front baffle plate has no external force action in the impulse transmission direction, so that the front baffle plate completely transmits the impulse to all the load transfer blocks.
Optionally, each impulse transfer unit is adjustable, and the number of the impulse transfer units is selected according to the size of the impulse of the impact load and the impulse degree to be adjusted;
the adjustable mode of each impulse transfer unit comprises the following steps: the mass and the thickness of the load transfer blocks and the inclination of the slideway rods are not negative, that is, each load transfer block is ensured to do uniform motion or deceleration motion on the matched slideway rod.
Optionally, one surface of each loadbearing block, which faces the tailgate, and one surface of the tailgate, which faces the tailgate, are both bonded with an energy-absorbing material, so that the reverse speed of each loadbearing block after impact with the tailgate approaches zero;
wherein, under ideal conditions, the existence of the bonding energy-absorbing material enables the reverse speed of each load transfer block after the impact of each load transfer block and the rear baffle plate to be zero.
Optionally, the principle that the protection device regulates the impact load impulse is as follows:
when the impulse of the impact load acts on the front baffle, the sum of the impulses of each transfer block tightly attached to the front baffle is equal to the impulse of the impact load, and if the mass of each transfer block is the same, all the transfer blocks equally divide the impulse of the impact load;
each transfer block generates the same horizontal initial speed according to the impulse obtained by the transfer block, and performs uniform deceleration motion on a slideway rod matched with the transfer block, and because the inclination of each slideway rod is different, the acceleration of each transfer block during uniform deceleration motion is different, and the corresponding speed is different, so that the motion time required for reaching the rear baffle is also different;
when each transfer block moves, a horizontal acting force is generated on the matched slide way rod, and the horizontal acting force acts on the rear baffle plate, so that the rear baffle plate obtains impulse;
if the inclination of each slideway rod is different, the load transfer block on the slideway rod with small inclination firstly moves to the rear baffle plate and impacts with the rear baffle plate to transfer the impulse of the load transfer block to the rear baffle plate;
according to the inclination from small to large, each transfer block sequentially moves to the rear baffle and impacts the rear baffle, and the impulse of each transfer block is sequentially transferred to the rear baffle until all the impulse of the impact load is transferred to the rear baffle; the impulse of each load transfer block occupies a part of the impulse of the impact load and is sequentially transmitted to the rear baffle plate, so that the impulse of the impact load is regulated and controlled, and the impulse received by the rear baffle plate every time is smaller than the threshold value of the impulse which can be borne by the protected object.
Optionally, each impulse transfer unit transfers the impulse of the impact load to the tailgate by two impulse transfer modes:
the first impulse transfer mode is as follows: in the motion process of the load transfer block, the horizontal acting force of the matched slide way rod on the load transfer block makes the load transfer block perform uniform deceleration motion in the horizontal direction, correspondingly, the load transfer block can generate reverse acting force on the matched slide way rod, and the reverse acting force can be transmitted to the rear baffle plate through the matched slide way rod, namely, the impulse transmission unit transmits part of impulse to the rear baffle plate;
the second impulse transfer mode is as follows: when the load transfer block reaches the rear baffle, the load transfer block and the rear baffle are impacted, and the load transfer block transfers the residual impulse to the rear baffle in the impacting process;
each impulse transmission unit transmits the impulse of the impact load to the rear baffle plate through the first impulse transmission mode and the second impulse transmission mode so as to realize the regulation and control of the impulse of the impact load.
Optionally, the guard regulates the impulse of the impact load by:
adjusting the mass ratio of any one of all the carrier blocks;
the mass ratio of each transfer block determines the proportion of the total impact load impulse which is shared by each transfer block, namely the impact load impulse which needs to be regulated and controlled by each impulse transfer unit, and each transfer block transfers the respective impulse to the rear baffle in different motion states;
or, adjusting the horizontal distance between the front baffle and the rear baffle;
the larger the horizontal distance between the front baffle and the rear baffle is, and the larger the span of each slide rod in the transmission direction of the impact load is, the longer the movement time of each transfer block on the slide rod matched with the transfer block is, and the larger the impulse received by the rear baffle in each first impulse transmission mode is, the smaller the impulse received by the second impulse transmission mode is;
or, adjusting the inclination of each of the ramp bars;
the greater the inclination of each of the ramp bars, the greater the momentum the tailgate receives per pass through the first momentum transfer mode, and the lesser the momentum it receives per pass through the second momentum transfer mode.
Optionally, the mass ratio of each carrier block determines a ratio of the total impulse load shared by each carrier block, and the ratio of the impulse load shared by each carrier block is obtained as follows:
impulse P obtained by ith carrier blockiComprises the following steps:
wherein n is the number of the transfer blocks, miIs the quality of the ith transport block, P0Is the impulse of the impact load.
Horizontal initial velocity V of each transfer block0Comprises the following steps:
optionally, the time t required for the carrier block to move to reach the rear baffle is:
the impulse P transmitted to the rear baffle plate by the load transmission block in the first impulse transmission mode1Comprises the following steps:
the impulse P transmitted to the rear baffle plate by the load transmission block in the second impulse transmission mode2Comprises the following steps:
wherein: m is the mass of the load transfer block, g is the gravity acceleration, theta is the inclination angle of the slideway rod, x is the distance between the front baffle and the rear baffle, and d is the thickness of the load transfer block.
The protective device for regulating and controlling the impulse of the impact load provided by the invention receives the action of the impact load by the front baffle plate, and completely transmits the impulse of the impact load to the plurality of load transmission blocks, wherein each load transmission block bears a part of the impulse, each load transmission block is nested on the slide way rods with different inclinations, so that each load transmission block successively reaches the rear baffle plate at different time points, each load transmission block sequentially transmits the own impulse to the rear baffle plate through the slide way rods in the process of moving to reach the rear baffle plate, and the impulse transmitted to the rear baffle plate by the load transmission blocks in the process of impacting the rear baffle plate is also different due to different speeds when the load transmission blocks reach the rear baffle plate, and the protective device regulates and controls the impulse of the impact load acting on a protected target in such a way.
The protective device for regulating and controlling the impulse of the impact load firstly distributes the impulse of the impact load to a plurality of load transfer blocks through the front baffle, and regulates and controls the impulse carried by each load transfer block by regulating the inclination of the slideway rod in the process of transmitting the impulse to the rear baffle, and the impulse of each load transfer block occupies a part of the impulse of the impact load, so that the impulse of the impact load is transmitted to the rear baffle in stages and in turn, the time of the rear baffle receiving the impulse of the impact load is greatly prolonged, the amplitude of the impulse of the received impact load is greatly reduced, the pressure of the impact load acting on a protected object is smaller than the threshold value of the pressure which can be borne by the protected object, the aim of regulating and controlling the impulse and the pressure transmitted to the rear baffle is realized, the impulse of the impact load is effectively protected, and the safety of the protected object is ensured, has high practicability.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a protective device for regulating impact load impulse in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a face of a front fender facing an impact load in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates two modes of transfer of impact load impulse from the impulse transfer unit to the tailgate in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the process of subjecting the shielding device to impact loading in an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 5 is a graphical representation of the results of a particular containment structure regulating the impulse of a shock wave load in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention, but do not limit the invention to only some, but not all embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, there is shown a schematic view of a protection device for regulating impulse of impact load according to an embodiment of the present invention, the device including: baffle system, braced system, regulation and control system, wherein, baffle system includes: the device comprises a front baffle plate and a rear baffle plate, wherein one surface of the front baffle plate faces to the action direction of an impact load, the other surface of the front baffle plate faces to the rear baffle plate and is used for receiving impact load impulse, one surface of the rear baffle plate faces to the front baffle plate, and the other surface of the rear baffle plate is in contact with a protected object and is used for receiving the regulated impact load impulse and providing support for a protection device; the supporting system is connected with the baffle system and used for supporting the baffle system; the regulating system is connected with the baffle system and is used for regulating and controlling the impulse of the impact load.
The regulation and control system comprises: a plurality of impulse transfer units, wherein each impulse transfer unit comprises a slideway rod and a load transfer block, 5 slideway rods and five load transfer blocks are shown in fig. 1, the number of the impulse transfer units can be adjusted according to the requirement in practical use, each slideway rod is nested with one load transfer block, the load transfer blocks are in a vertical state, each load transfer block can freely slide on the nested slideway rod, the material of each load transfer block is the same as that of the front baffle, the thickness of each load transfer block is the same, and the sum of the masses of all the load transfer blocks is equal to that of the front baffle, so that the impulse of the impact load can be completely transferred to all the load transfer blocks; the initial state of each transfer block is in close fit with the front baffle, after the impact load of the explosive wave acts on the front baffle, the front baffle transmits all the impulse to all the transfer blocks, and each transfer block transmits the impulse to the rear baffle on the slide way rod nested in the transfer block respectively in different motion states, so that the impulse of the impact load is regulated and controlled.
One end of each slideway rod is fixed on one surface of the rear baffle plate facing the front baffle plate, the other end of each slideway rod extends towards the front baffle plate and is in a free state, the distance between one end of each slideway rod in the free state and one side of the front baffle plate facing the rear baffle plate is a first preset distance, and the first preset distance is less than half of the thickness of the load transfer block; each slide rod has a different inclination and the same span in the direction of transfer of the impact load, which is slightly smaller than the horizontal distance between the front and rear fenders, i.e. a certain distance is left between the top of the free-state end of each slide rod and the front fender.
The support system includes: a support rail and a buffer spring; one end of the supporting track is fixed on the rear baffle, and the other end of the supporting track penetrates through the front baffle. Buffer spring nests on the support track, and one end is fixed in the backplate, and the other end stretches to the backplate direction and is in free state, and is the second with preceding baffle towards the distance of backplate one side and predetermines the distance, and this second is predetermine the distance and is less than first predetermined distance, promptly, buffer spring is under free state, has the interval of predetermineeing between its other end and the preceding baffle, and this predetermined interval can avoid preceding baffle to take place following condition:
preceding baffle can appear can not giving each the circumstances of passing a year piece with the impulse transmission of impact load completely, if when this condition appears, preceding baffle directly produces great impact to the backplate, can so lead to the fact the threat to being protected personnel, if there is not the existence of spring, preceding baffle can remove to the direction of backplate, if do not have the interval between runway pole and the preceding baffle, then preceding baffle direct action is in runway pole, probably causes the runway pole to damage, whole protector can not use. And the buffer spring exists, and the buffer spring and the slide way rod are spaced from the front baffle, so that the occurrence of the above conditions can be avoided.
Referring to fig. 2, which shows a schematic view of a side of the front baffle facing the impact load in the embodiment of the present invention, after the support rail passes through the front baffle, the support rail may be fixed by using bolts, the spring and the slide rod are not in direct contact with the front baffle, the transfer block is tightly attached to a side of the front baffle facing the rear baffle in an initial state, and there are 9 slide rods and 9 transfer blocks in total in fig. 2.
In the embodiment of the invention, the initial state of each load transfer block is in close fit with the front baffle, the front baffle slides freely in a friction manner on the support track, when impact load acts on the front baffle, the front baffle obtains the impulse of the impact load, the front baffle and all the load transfer blocks have the same mass and are made of the same material, and the front baffle has no external force action in the impulse transfer direction, so that the impulse is completely transferred to all the load transfer blocks by the front baffle. In addition, energy-absorbing materials can be bonded on one surface, facing the rear baffle, of each load transfer block and one surface, facing the front baffle, of the rear baffle, so that the reverse speed of each load transfer block after impact with the rear baffle is close to zero; under ideal conditions, the existence of the bonding energy-absorbing material enables the reverse speed of each load transfer block after the impact of each load transfer block and the rear baffle plate to be zero.
In the embodiment of the invention, each impulse transfer unit can be adjusted, and the number of the impulse transfer units can be selected according to the impulse of the impact load and the impulse degree to be adjusted; when actually arranging the specific positions of the impulse transfer units, an optimal way is to arrange the impulse transfer units following the principle of symmetrical distribution. The adjustable mode of each impulse transfer unit comprises the following steps: the mass and the thickness of the load transfer blocks and the inclination of the slide way rods are not negative, so that each load transfer block can move at a constant speed or move at a reduced speed on the matched slide way rod.
The working principle of the protective device for regulating and controlling the impulse of the impact load in the embodiment of the invention is analyzed as follows:
in an initial state, the load transfer blocks are tightly attached to the front baffle, the two blocks are made of the same material, and the sum of the mass of all the load transfer blocks in the protection device is the same as that of the front baffle. When impact load acts on the front baffle, the front baffle obtains impact load impulse, and the front baffle and all the load transfer blocks are equal in mass and same in material, and the support track does not have friction force effect on the front baffle in the impulse transfer direction, so that the impulse of the front baffle can be completely transferred to all the load transfer blocks. Assuming that the impulse of the impact load is P0I.e. the transfer block obtains the full impulse P of the impact load0The impulse P obtained by the ith carrier blockiComprises the following steps:
wherein n is the number of the transfer blocks, miIs the quality of the ith transport block.
Horizontal initial velocity V obtained by transfer block0Comprises the following steps:
the principle of one of the impulse transfer units transferring the impulse of the impact load is analyzed below, and the remaining impulse transfer units are the same as this principle. Suppose the mass of the impulse transfer unit carrying block is m, and the inclination angle of the slide way rod where the impulse transfer unit carrying block is located is theta. After the impulse of the impact load is obtained, when the initial speed of the load transfer block in the load transfer direction is obtained, the initial speed perpendicular to the load transfer direction is also obtained, the load transfer block performs uniform deceleration motion on a slide rail rod with an inclination angle theta, and the initial speed in the horizontal direction is V0. The analysis of the motion state of the transfer block shows that the acceleration component a in the horizontal direction when the transfer block performs uniform deceleration motion is as follows:
a＝g sinθcosθ (3)
wherein g is the acceleration of gravity.
Assuming that the distance between the front baffle and the rear baffle is x, and the thickness of the carrier block is d, the movement distance of the carrier block in the horizontal direction is (x-d), and the kinematic analysis shows that the time t required for the carrier block to move to reach the rear baffle is:
when the rear baffle plate is reached, the corresponding horizontal direction movement speed V1Comprises the following steps:
in the motion process of the transfer block, the horizontal acting force of the slide way rod on the transfer block makes the transfer block perform uniform deceleration motion in the horizontal direction. Accordingly, the carrier block may generate a counter force on the chute rod, which may be transferred to the tailgate through the chute rod. In this form, the impulse transfer unit transfers a portion of the impulse to the tailgate, which may be referred to as a first impulse transfer mode. When the load transfer block reaches the rear baffle, the two impact, and in the impact process, the load transfer block transfers the residual impulse to the rear baffle, which can be called as a second impulse transfer mode. The impulse transfer unit transfers all received impulses to the rear baffle plate through the two transfer modes, and the regulation and control of the impulse of the impact load are realized in the above mode. As shown in fig. 3, for the same inclination angle θ, when the transfer block moves along the slide bar in the first impulse transfer system, the horizontal acting force direction is as shown by the horizontal arrow above the transfer block in fig. 3, and the transfer block performs uniform deceleration movement in the horizontal direction. The direction of the counter force exerted by the carrier block on the slide bar is shown by the arrow along the slide bar in fig. 3. In the second impulse transfer mode, when the transfer block reaches the tailgate, the two impact, and during the impact, the transfer block transfers the remaining impulse to the tailgate, and the direction of the force generated by the remaining impulse is shown by the arrow in the tailgate in fig. 3.
According to the foregoing analysis, the impulse transfer unit transfers the impulse P to the tailgate through the first impulse transfer manner1Comprises the following steps:
under the action of the energy-absorbing material layer, after the load transfer block and the rear baffle are impacted, the reverse speed of the load transfer block is zero, and the impulse P transmitted to the rear baffle by the impulse transmission unit in a second impulse transmission mode2Comprises the following steps:
it can be known that the sum of the two impulse components is the impulse obtained by the carrier block in the impulse transfer unit at the initial position. The impulse transmission unit regulates and controls the impulse of the impact load acting on the front baffle plate through the two impulse transmission modes, so that the impulse of the impact load acting on the rear baffle plate is smaller than the damage threshold of the protected target, and the purpose of protecting the protected target is achieved. From the above analysis, it can be known that the adjustment of three key physical quantities can significantly affect the impulse transfer mode of the impulse transfer unit and the performance of the protection device for adjusting the impulse of the impact load: the mass ratio of each transfer block, the horizontal distance between the front baffle and the rear baffle and the inclination of the slideway pole.
From the above analysis, it can be known that the mass ratio of each transfer block determines the proportion of the total impact load impulse which is respectively shared, that is, the impact load impulse which is required to be regulated and controlled by each impulse transfer unit, and each transfer block transfers the respective impulse to the tailgate in different motion states. For an impulse transfer unit with a specific impulse load impulse, the main factors influencing the magnitude and time-varying trend of the impulse transferred by the first and second impulse transfer modes are physical quantities such as the horizontal distance between the front and rear fenders and the inclination of the chute rod.
If the whole size of the structure of the protection device is kept unchanged, the physical quantity of the inclination of the slideway rod can be mainly used for regulation and control. When the gradient of the slide way rod is different, the acceleration of the transfer block in the motion process is different when the horizontal direction uniformly decelerates, so that the acting force of the slide way rod on the rear baffle is different, and the speed of transferring impulse to the rear baffle is different. The time for the carrier block to move from the front baffle plate to the rear baffle plate is different, so that the adjustable range of the first impulse transfer mode can be increased. In addition, the speed is also different when slide bar gradient is different to pass carrier block and backplate impact, consequently also can change through the impulse of second impulse transmission mode transmission to the backplate to this can realize adjusting and control the impulse that transmits the backplate. Of course, it can be understood that the same effect can be achieved by changing the horizontal distance between the front baffle and the rear baffle, and in general, the larger the horizontal distance between the front baffle and the rear baffle is, and the larger the span of each slide rod in the transmission direction of the impact load is, the longer the movement time of the transfer block on the slide rod matched with the transfer block is, and the larger the impulse received by the rear baffle in each first transmission mode is, the smaller the impulse received by the second transmission mode is. The inventor designs the protection device with the optimal value structure of each physical quantity through a large amount of simulation, calculation and actual measurement.
From the whole angle analysis of protector, impact load uses preceding baffle for pass the carrier block and obtain initial impulse, pass the carrier block and have the same horizontal initial velocity, pass the carrier block and do even deceleration motion on the slide bar that the gradient is different, have different accelerations, produce different even effort to the slide bar in the motion process, this effort then uses the backplate, makes it obtain the impulse. After different time, when the carrier block moves to contact with the rear baffle, the rear baffle obtains impulse transmitted by the residual moving speed of the carrier block. When the inclination angle of the slide way rod is increased, the acting force of the slide way rod on the rear baffle plate is larger in the motion process of the transfer block, the acting time is longer, the impulse transferred through the process is more, and when the transfer block moves to be in contact with the rear baffle plate, the residual motion is smaller, so the impulse transferred through the process is less. When the inclination of the slideway rod in the protective device is changed, the load impulse obtained by the rear baffle can be regulated, and the impulse acting on a protected target can be regulated. In addition, the selection and the mutual cooperation of the plurality of impulse transfer units play a role, and the impulse acting on the protected target can be regulated and controlled in a wider range, so that the protected target is effectively protected.
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic diagram of a process of the protection device under impact load in the embodiment of the present invention is shown, for simplicity of illustration, the same shape and the same position in fig. 4 indicate the same structure, and the whole process of the protection device for regulating and controlling impact load impulse can be divided into five parts:
the first process is as follows: the impulse of the impact load acts on the front baffle plate to obtain the impulse, all the load transfer blocks are tightly attached to the front baffle plate in an initial state, the two blocks are same in material and quality, so that the impulse obtained by the front baffle plate is completely transferred to each load transfer block, if the quality of each load transfer block is the same, all the load transfer blocks equally divide the impulse of the impact load (for example, if five load transfer blocks exist, one fifth of the impulse of the impact load of each load transfer block is divided), and each load transfer block obtains the same horizontal initial speed;
and a second process: the load transfer blocks which obtain the same horizontal initial speed start to move on the slide way rods where the load transfer blocks are located, the movement speeds of the load transfer blocks are different due to different gradients of the slide way rods, the load transfer blocks generate different horizontal acting forces on the slide way rods where the load transfer blocks are located when moving, and the acting forces act on the rear baffle plate to enable the rear baffle plate to obtain impulse;
the third process: if the gradient of each slideway rod is different, the load transfer block corresponding to the slideway rod with smaller gradient firstly moves to one surface of the back baffle facing to the front baffle and impacts with the front baffle to transfer the impulse of the load transfer block to the back baffle, and then the load transfer block reversely moves along the corresponding slideway rod;
the process four is as follows: along with the duration of time, the transfer block corresponding to the slide way rod with a slightly larger inclination moves to reach the rear baffle, impacts the rear baffle and transfers the impulse to the rear baffle. The load transfer block corresponding to the slideway rod with larger inclination continuously impacts with the rear baffle at the subsequent time to transfer the impulse to the rear baffle;
and a fifth process: and (5) transferring the impulse to the rear baffle plate along with the transfer block corresponding to the slide way rod with the maximum inclination, and finishing the whole process. Each load transfer block sequentially transfers the respective impulse to the rear baffle plate, and at the moment, the impulse of the impact load applied to the front baffle plate is completely transferred to the rear baffle plate.
In the third process, in order to ensure that the impulse transmitted to the rear baffle is equal to the initial impulse of the rear baffle as much as possible when the transfer block impacts the rear baffle, energy-absorbing materials can be bonded on one surface, facing the rear baffle, of the transfer block and one surface, facing the front baffle, of the rear baffle, so that after the transfer block contacts the rear baffle, the reverse speed of the transfer block is zero, the reverse motion of the transfer block is automatically influenced by the gravity and the inclination of a chute rod where the transfer block is located, and the reverse motion is not generated due to the reaction force generated by the residual impulse after the transfer block contacts the baffle. When the transfer block moves reversely on the slideway rod, reverse acting force can be generated on the rear baffle plate through the slideway rod, and the impulse obtained by the rear baffle plate can be further reduced.
In the embodiment of the invention, different load transmission blocks of the protection device need to ensure that the material is consistent with that of the front baffle and the thickness is the same, but the impulse transmission process of the impact load can be further regulated and controlled by changing the mass of each load transmission block, but the sum of the masses of all the load transmission blocks still needs to be equal to that of the front baffle.
If the impulse received by the protection device is small and the inclination of each slide way rod is large, the transfer block may not move to the rear baffle plate until contacting with the rear baffle plate, and the impulse of the transfer block is transmitted to the rear baffle plate through the slide way rods in the moving process.
Referring to fig. 5, a diagram of the results of a particular containment structure regulating the impulse of the shock wave load is shown. The protective structure comprises three impulse regulating units, wherein the mass of three load transfer blocks in the three impulse regulating units is equal and is one third of that of a front baffle, and the inclination angles of the slideway rods nested in the three load transfer blocks are respectively 0 degree, 15 degrees and 45 degrees. In the figure, the abscissa and the ordinate represent relative amounts of time and impulse, and do not represent absolute numerical values, and are mainly used for explaining the principle and the regulation effect of the protection device for regulating and controlling the impulse of the impact load. The input impulse is shown by the solid black line and the total impulse delivered to the tailgate is shown by the thick dashed black line.
Each transfer block transfers one third of the total impact load impulse. The load transfer block on the slide way rod with the inclination of 0 degree does uniform motion, no impulse is transferred in a first transfer mode, and when the load transfer block impacts the rear baffle, the load transfer block transfers all the impulse to the rear baffle in a second transfer mode. Accordingly, the required delivery time is minimal. As shown by the dashed line in fig. 5, which consists of a short horizontal line, there is no impulse transmitted by the first transmission mode.
The load transfer block on the slide way rod with the inclination of 15 degrees performs uniform deceleration movement, part of impulse is transferred to the rear baffle plate in the movement process through a first transfer mode, and when the load transfer block impacts the rear baffle plate, the residual impulse of the load transfer block is transferred to the rear counter baffle plate through a second transfer mode. As shown by the dotted line in fig. 5, the impulse is transferred by combining a part of the first transfer mode and a part of the second transfer mode, and the difference between the impulse transfer rates of the two transfer modes is not too large.
Similarly, the transfer mass on a ramp bar with a 45 ° inclination transfers the impact load impulse to the tailgate in the same manner, except that the impulse transferred by the first transfer mode is greater and the transfer time required is the longest. As shown by the dashed line consisting of the short horizontal line and the dot in fig. 5, the impulse is transmitted by the combination of a part of the first transmission mode and a part of the second transmission mode, and the impulse transmitted by the first transmission mode is obviously larger than that transmitted by the second transmission mode.
The impulse transmitted by the three impulse regulating units is added to obtain the total impulse of the impact load transmitted to the rear baffle. It can be seen that through the regulation and control of the guard, the impact load impulse is transmitted to the tailgate in stages and steps, and the action time is greatly prolonged. After the regulation and control of the protective device, the slope of the total impulse ascending section transmitted to the rear baffle is greatly reduced, and the impulse is considered as the integral of the pressure on the action time, so that the pressure acting on the rear baffle is also greatly reduced. Correspondingly, the pressure acting on the protected target is greatly reduced, so that the pressure is lower than the damage threshold of the protected target, and the aim of effectively protecting the protected target is fulfilled.
In summary, according to the protection device for regulating and controlling the impulse of the impact load provided by the invention, the front baffle plate receives the action of the impact load, and the impulse of the impact load is completely transmitted to the plurality of load transmission blocks, wherein each load transmission block bears a part of the impulse, each load transmission block is nested on the slide way rods with different inclinations, so that each load transmission block successively reaches the rear baffle plate at different time points, each load transmission block sequentially transmits the impulse of the load transmission block to the rear baffle plate through the slide way rods in the process of moving to reach the rear baffle plate, and the impulse transmitted to the rear baffle plate by the load transmission blocks in the process of impacting the rear baffle plate is also different due to different speeds when the load transmission blocks reach the rear baffle plate, and the protection device regulates and controls the impulse of the impact load acting on a protected target in this way.
The protective device for regulating and controlling the impulse of the impact load firstly distributes the impulse of the impact load to a plurality of load transfer blocks through the front baffle, and regulates and controls the impulse carried by each load transfer block by regulating the inclination of the slideway rod in the process of transmitting the impulse to the rear baffle, and the impulse of each load transfer block occupies a part of the impulse of the impact load, so that the impulse of the impact load is transmitted to the rear baffle in stages and in turn, the time of the rear baffle receiving the impulse of the impact load is greatly prolonged, the amplitude of the impulse of the received impact load is greatly reduced, the pressure of the impact load acting on a protected object is smaller than the threshold value of the pressure which can be borne by the protected object, the aim of regulating and controlling the impulse and the pressure transmitted to the rear baffle is realized, the impulse of the impact load is effectively protected, and the safety of the protected object is ensured, has high practicability.
It is further noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, or article that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, or article.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in connection with the accompanying drawings, and the principles and embodiments of the present invention are described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A protective device for regulating the impulse of an impact load, said device comprising: the device comprises a baffle system, a supporting system and a regulating system;
the baffle system includes: the protective device comprises a front baffle and a rear baffle, wherein one surface of the front baffle faces to the action direction of the impact load, the other surface of the front baffle faces to the rear baffle and is used for receiving impact load impulse, one surface of the rear baffle faces to the front baffle, and the other surface of the rear baffle is in contact with a protected object and is used for receiving the regulated impact load impulse and providing support for the protective device;
the support system is connected with the baffle system and is used for supporting the baffle system;
the regulating system is connected with the baffle system and is used for regulating and controlling the impulse of the impact load;
wherein the regulatory system comprises: each impulse transfer unit comprises a slideway rod and a transfer block, a transfer block is nested on each slideway rod and is in a vertical state, each transfer block can freely slide on the nested slideway rod, the material of each transfer block is the same as that of the front baffle, the thickness of each transfer block is the same, and the sum of the masses of all the transfer blocks is equal to that of the front baffle;
the initial state of each transfer block is in close fit with the front baffle, after the impact load of an explosive wave acts on the front baffle, the front baffle transmits all the impulse to all the transfer blocks, and each transfer block transmits the impulse to the rear baffle on the chute rod nested in the transfer block respectively in different motion states, so that the impulse of the impact load is regulated and controlled;
one end of each slideway rod is fixed on one surface of the rear baffle plate facing the front baffle plate, the other end of each slideway rod extends to the direction of the front baffle plate, the distance between the slideway rod and one side of the front baffle plate facing the rear baffle plate is a first preset distance, and the first preset distance is less than half of the thickness of the load transfer block;
each of the slide rods has a different inclination and the same span in the transfer direction of the impact load is slightly smaller than the horizontal spacing between the front fender and the rear fender;
the support system includes: a support rail and a buffer spring;
one end of the supporting track is fixed on the rear baffle, and the other end of the supporting track penetrates through the front baffle;
the buffer spring is nested on the supporting track, one end of the buffer spring is fixed on the rear baffle, the other end of the buffer spring extends to the direction of the front baffle and is in a free state, the distance between the buffer spring and one side of the front baffle, which faces the rear baffle, is a second preset distance, and the second preset distance is smaller than the first preset distance;
and in a free state, the other end of the buffer spring is at the second preset distance from the front baffle plate, so that the situation that the front baffle plate moves to impact the rear baffle plate when the front baffle plate cannot completely transmit the impulse of the impact load to each load transfer block is avoided.
2. The shielding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the front baffle slides freely in friction on the support rail, when the impact load is applied to the front baffle, the front baffle obtains the impact of the impact load, the front baffle and all the transfer blocks have equal mass and same material, and the front baffle has no external force in the impact transmission direction, so that the impact of the front baffle is completely transmitted to all the transfer blocks.
3. The shielding apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the impulse transfer units is adjustable, and the number of the impulse transfer units is selected according to the magnitude of the impulse of the impact load and the impulse degree to be adjusted;
the adjustable mode of each impulse transfer unit comprises the following steps: the mass and the thickness of the load transfer blocks and the inclination of the slideway rods are not negative, that is, each load transfer block is ensured to do uniform motion or deceleration motion on the matched slideway rod.
4. The fender of claim 1 wherein a side of each said carrier block facing said tailgate and a side of said tailgate facing said front gate are bonded with an energy absorbing material such that a reverse velocity of each said carrier block upon impact with said tailgate approaches zero;
wherein, under ideal conditions, the existence of the bonding energy-absorbing material enables the reverse speed of each load transfer block after the impact of each load transfer block and the rear baffle plate to be zero.
5. The protective device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the principle by which the protective device regulates the impulse of the impact load is:
when the impulse of the impact load acts on the front baffle, the sum of the impulses of each transfer block tightly attached to the front baffle is equal to the impulse of the impact load, and if the mass of each transfer block is the same, all the transfer blocks equally divide the impulse of the impact load;
each transfer block generates the same horizontal initial speed according to the impulse obtained by the transfer block, and performs uniform deceleration motion on a slideway rod matched with the transfer block, and because the inclination of each slideway rod is different, the acceleration of each transfer block during uniform deceleration motion is different, and the corresponding speed is different, so that the motion time required for reaching the rear baffle is also different;
when each transfer block moves, a horizontal acting force is generated on the matched slide way rod, and the horizontal acting force acts on the rear baffle plate, so that the rear baffle plate obtains impulse;
if the inclination of each slideway rod is different, the load transfer block on the slideway rod with small inclination firstly moves to the rear baffle plate and impacts with the rear baffle plate to transfer the impulse of the load transfer block to the rear baffle plate;
according to the inclination from small to large, each transfer block sequentially moves to the rear baffle and impacts the rear baffle, and the impulse of each transfer block is sequentially transferred to the rear baffle until all the impulse of the impact load is transferred to the rear baffle; the impulse of each load transfer block occupies a part of the impulse of the impact load and is sequentially transmitted to the rear baffle plate, so that the impulse of the impact load is regulated and controlled, and the impulse received by the rear baffle plate every time is smaller than the threshold value of the impulse which can be borne by the protected object.
6. The fender of claim 5, wherein each impulse transfer unit transfers the impulse of the impact load to the tailgate by two impulse transfer modes, the two impulse transfer modes comprising: a first impulse transfer mode and a second impulse transfer mode;
the first impulse transfer mode is as follows: in the motion process of the load transfer block, the horizontal acting force of the matched slide way rod on the load transfer block makes the load transfer block perform uniform deceleration motion in the horizontal direction, correspondingly, the load transfer block can generate reverse acting force on the matched slide way rod, and the reverse acting force can be transmitted to the rear baffle plate through the matched slide way rod, namely, the impulse transmission unit transmits part of impulse to the rear baffle plate;
the second impulse transfer mode is as follows: when the load transfer block reaches the rear baffle, the load transfer block and the rear baffle are impacted, and the load transfer block transfers the residual impulse to the rear baffle in the impacting process;
each impulse transmission unit transmits the impulse of the impact load to the rear baffle plate through the first impulse transmission mode and the second impulse transmission mode so as to realize the regulation and control of the impulse of the impact load.
7. The protective apparatus of claim 6, wherein the protective apparatus regulates the impulse of the impact load by:
adjusting the mass ratio of any one of all the carrier blocks;
the mass ratio of each transfer block determines the proportion of the total impact load impulse which is shared by each transfer block, namely the impact load impulse which needs to be regulated and controlled by each impulse transfer unit, and each transfer block transfers the respective impulse to the rear baffle in different motion states;
or, adjusting the horizontal distance between the front baffle and the rear baffle;
the larger the horizontal distance between the front baffle and the rear baffle is, and the larger the span of each slide rod in the transmission direction of the impact load is, the longer the movement time of each transfer block on the slide rod matched with the transfer block is, and the larger the impulse received by the rear baffle in each first impulse transmission mode is, the smaller the impulse received by the second impulse transmission mode is;
or, adjusting the inclination of each of the ramp bars;
the greater the inclination of each of the ramp bars, the greater the momentum the tailgate receives per pass through the first momentum transfer mode, and the lesser the momentum it receives per pass through the second momentum transfer mode.
8. The fender of claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of each of the mass transfer blocks determines the proportion of the total impulse load shared by each of the mass transfer blocks, and the proportion of the impulse load shared by each of the mass transfer blocks is obtained as follows:
impulse P obtained by ith carrier blockiComprises the following steps:
wherein n is the number of the transfer blocks, miThe quality of the ith carrier block;
horizontal initial velocity V of each transfer block0Comprises the following steps:
in the above formula, P0Is the impulse of the impact load.
9. The guard according to claim 8, wherein the time t required for the carrier block to move to reach the tailgate is:
the impulse P transmitted to the rear baffle plate by the load transmission block in the first impulse transmission mode1Comprises the following steps:
the impulse P transmitted to the rear baffle plate by the load transmission block in the second impulse transmission mode2Comprises the following steps:
wherein: m is the mass of the load transfer block, g is the gravity acceleration, theta is the inclination angle of the slideway rod, x is the distance between the front baffle and the rear baffle, and d is the thickness of the load transfer block.
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| JP2018145981A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2018-09-20 | センクシア株式会社 | Vibration attenuation device and vibration attenuation structure |
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| JP2001227582A (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2001-08-24 | Tokai Rubber Ind Ltd | Vibration control device for automobile |
| CN101029668A (en) * | 2006-06-05 | 2007-09-05 | 王飞 | Non-linear wedged buffering shock absorber |
| CN103453063A (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-12-18 | 上海理工大学 | Nested collision damper |
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