CN112776348B - Fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material and metal laser pressure welding method - Google Patents

Fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material and metal laser pressure welding method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112776348B
CN112776348B CN202110132926.6A CN202110132926A CN112776348B CN 112776348 B CN112776348 B CN 112776348B CN 202110132926 A CN202110132926 A CN 202110132926A CN 112776348 B CN112776348 B CN 112776348B
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laser
metal
thermoplastic composite
pressure
composite material
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CN112776348A (en
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徐洁洁
黄婷
肖荣诗
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/44—Joining a heated non plastics element to a plastics element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1242—Tongue and groove joints comprising interlocking undercuts
    • B29C66/12421—Teardrop-like, waterdrop-like or mushroom-like interlocking undercuts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
    • B29C66/12461—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being rounded, i.e. U-shaped or C-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
    • B29C66/12463—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being tapered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/342—Preventing air-inclusions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material and a metal laser pressure welding method, which relate to the technical field of connection of thermoplastic composite materials and metals and comprise the following steps: prefabricating a convex structure on the surface of a joint of metal to be welded; presetting working parameters of a laser welding-following compaction working head; under the action of the pressure of the front roller, the metal of the welding area and the thermoplastic composite material form close fit; heating the surface of the metal material by laser to melt the thermoplastic resin matrix of the thermoplastic composite material; under the action of the pressure device and the ultrasonic vibration device of the rear roller, the convex structure is embedded into the thermoplastic composite material, and the molten resin matrix flows, diffuses and fills the metal surface, so that the laser connection between the thermoplastic composite material and the metal is realized. The invention can realize the connection of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material and the large-scale three-dimensional metal structural member in the fields of aerospace, automobiles and the like, effectively inhibit the generation of welding defects, ensure the welding quality and improve the mechanical property of a welding joint.

Description

Fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material and metal laser pressure welding method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of connection of thermoplastic composite materials and metals, in particular to a fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material and a metal laser pressure welding method.
Background
The fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composite material has the characteristics of high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, excellent fatigue resistance and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, new energy equipment and the like. The traditional metal material is still an indispensable important structural material of modern equipment due to unique advantages of maintainability, recoverability, low cost, mature forming and processing technology and the like. In modern equipment manufacturing, heterogeneous hybrid structures of composite materials and metal materials are increasingly used to achieve low cost and lightweight manufacturing, and therefore the problem of connection of the two is inevitably involved. The common connection method for the thermoplastic composite material and the metal heterostructure comprises the following steps: glue joint, mechanical and glue joint mixture, etc. In the cementing process, the cementing agent has long curing time, low efficiency and great influence on the performance by the environment. The composite material has high hole making difficulty during mechanical connection, high processing cost and low efficiency. The mechanical glue joint mixed connection process is complex and has high cost. The above problems make it difficult for existing joining processes to meet the ever-increasing engineering application requirements of heterogeneous structures. The laser welding has the characteristics of controllable energy, good accessibility, convenience in shaping and the like, is suitable for connection in various joint forms, and has great potential in the connection aspect of thermoplastic composite materials and metal heterogeneous structures.
The laser connection of the thermoplastic composite material and the metal means that the metal is heated by laser irradiation, the thermoplastic resin matrix of the composite material is melted by heat conduction to a connection interface, the molten resin is fully contacted with the metal interface under the action of external pressure, and a connection joint is formed after cooling.
The connection between thermoplastic composite material and metal is mostly a lap joint connection. Most of the existing laser connection methods apply pressure to the heterojunction through fixed clamping equipment (dot matrix type clamping or linear type clamping), so that the shape and the size of a sample piece are limited by the clamping equipment. In practical engineering application, most of heterogeneous structural parts are large-scale three-dimensional structures, so a novel laser welding method is urgently needed, high-quality and reliable connection of the large-scale heterogeneous structural parts with free-form surfaces is realized, and the requirement of engineering application is met.
In the existing laser connection method, a microstructure is prefabricated on the metal surface, and in the connection process, a molten resin matrix in a composite material is filled in the microstructure on the metal surface, so that the microstructure and the microstructure form a mechanical anchoring effect, and the mechanical property of a connection joint is improved. The method is mainly characterized in that a microstructure (the microstructure scale is usually hundreds of microns) of the metal surface and a resin matrix of the composite material are mutually anchored, and for the condition that the composite material contains long fibers or woven fibers, filling filler is required to be added to avoid the defect of unfilled holes caused by insufficient amount of molten resin. According to the laser pressure welding method, the nail-shaped protruding structure is prefabricated in the metal area, the size of the protruding structure is optimized, the nail-shaped protruding structure prefabricated in the metal area and the composite material generate a connecting structure similar to pinning and anchoring during laser connection, the protruding structure not only generates an anchoring effect with a molten resin matrix, but also can pin a fiber reinforcing phase in the composite material, and therefore the mechanical property of a connecting joint is improved.
Most of the existing laser connection methods apply pressure to the heterojunction through fixed clamping equipment (dot matrix type clamping or linear type clamping), and the shape and the size of a sample piece are limited by the clamping equipment, so that only small-size and flat-plate heterogeneous components can be connected by laser. And the heterogeneous structural part is mostly a large-scale free-form surface structure in the practical engineering application.
Therefore, it is desirable to develop a fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite and a laser welding method for metal to solve the above problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material and a metal laser pressure welding method, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, can realize the connection of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material and a large three-dimensional metal structural member in the fields of aerospace, automobiles and the like, effectively inhibit the generation of welding defects, ensure the welding quality and improve the mechanical property of a welding joint.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material and a metal laser pressure welding method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, prefabricating a convex structure on the surface of a joint of metal to be welded;
step 2, presetting working parameters of a laser welding-following compaction working head;
step 3, under the pressure action of a front roller of a laser welding-following compaction working head, metal of a welding area and a thermoplastic composite material form close fit;
step 4, laser heating the surface of the metal material, and melting the thermoplastic resin matrix of the thermoplastic composite material by conducting heat to the joint interface of the metal and the thermoplastic composite material;
and 5, embedding the convex structure on the metal surface into the thermoplastic composite material under the action of a pressure device and an ultrasonic vibration device of a rear roller of the laser welding-following compaction working head, and enabling the molten resin matrix to flow, diffuse and fill the metal surface to realize laser connection of the thermoplastic composite material and the metal.
Preferably, the laser welding-following compaction working head comprises a mounting frame, a laser working head, a control center, a feedback system, a pressure device and an ultrasonic vibration device; the laser working head is installed in the middle of the installation frame, the front of the installation frame is connected with a front roller through a front connecting frame, the rear of the installation frame is connected with a rear roller through a rear connecting frame, the front connecting frame and the rear connecting frame are both provided with the pressure device, and the rear connecting frame is also provided with the ultrasonic vibration device; the laser working head, the pressure device and the ultrasonic vibration device are all connected with the control center.
Preferably, the pressure means comprise an electric motor, movement means and spring means; the moving device comprises a rack, a lead screw and a sliding block, the rack is mounted on the front connecting frame or the rear connecting frame, and the lead screw is mounted on the rack; the screw rod is connected with an output shaft of the motor through a coupler, the sliding block is arranged on the screw rod, and the sliding block is connected with the spring device through a bolt; the motor is mounted on the front connecting frame or the rear connecting frame.
Preferably, the feedback system comprises a pressure sensor, the pressure sensors are embedded in the front roller and the rear roller, and the pressure sensors are connected with the control center.
Preferably, the pressure value of the front roller is 0-0.5MPa, and the width of the front roller is 4-8 mm;
the pressure value of the rear roller is 0-1.2MPa, and the width of the rear roller is 6-10 mm;
the vibration amplitude range of the ultrasonic vibration device is 1-6 um.
Preferably, the laser working head adopts a continuous or pulse laser, and is a carbon dioxide laser, a semiconductor laser or a fiber laser; the average laser power is 500-3000W, the welding speed is 0.5-15mm/s, and the heating area of the selective laser area is less than 400mm2。
Preferably, in the step 1, the processing method of the protruding structure adopts laser additive manufacturing, metal powder injection molding, cold metal transition welding, electron beam melting processing or mechanical precision processing.
Preferably, in step 1, the protrusion structure is a conical, cylindrical, spherical or wedge-shaped protrusion structure.
Preferably, the diameter of the convex structure is 0.8-1.5mm, and the height of the convex structure is 40% -60% of the height of the thermoplastic composite material; the angle between the convex structure and the metal surface is 60-90 degrees, and the density of the convex structure is 4/cm2-20/cm2。
Preferably, in the step 2, the pressure of the front roller and the pressure of the rear roller, and the amplitude and the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration device are preset and input into a control center; and determining the laser power, the welding speed and the spot size of the laser working head according to the size and the thickness of the metal and thermoplastic composite material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the laser welding-following compaction working head can realize high-quality and reliable connection of large-size free-form surface heterogeneous components;
2. the pressure of the front roller and the rear roller is adjustable, the pressure is kept constant in the welding process, and the roller pressure can directly act on the area of the molten composite material matrix to ensure the flow diffusion of the molten composite material matrix;
3. under the synergistic effect of the downward pressure of the rear roller and the additional high-frequency vibration pressure, the generation of bubble defects in the composite material matrix can be effectively inhibited, and under the comprehensive effect of the forces, the molten composite material matrix can be ensured to be fully filled in a metal microstructure area, so that the defect of unfilled holes caused by the fact that molten resin cannot be effectively filled is avoided;
the problem that in the prior art, the lattice-shaped fixture is solidified without completely filling gaps of metal microstructures with molten resin due to the fact that the pressure applying mode is constant is solved; the invention relates to a roller and the pressure of ultrasonic vibration, wherein one roller is downward pressure and has forward pushing force, and the roller comprises the function of ultrasonic vibration and can promote the rapid spreading of molten resin.
4. The nail-shaped protruding structure on the metal surface can form a mechanical action of pinning and anchoring with the composite material in the connection process, and the mechanical property of the connection joint is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cylindrical protrusion structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a bulbous protrusion structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a wedge-shaped projection configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a pyramidal protrusion configuration according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a laser welding-following pressing working head of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of laser bonding according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a laser bonding process of the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1. metal, 2, thermoplastic composite material, 3, a convex structure, 4, a laser working head, 41, a laser beam, 5, a mounting frame, 6, a pressure device, 7, an ultrasonic vibration device, 8, a front roller, 9 and a rear roller.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, this embodiment provides a fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite and a metal laser pressure welding method, which mainly includes the following steps:
step 1, a nail-shaped convex structure 3 is prefabricated on the joint surface of the metal 1 to be welded in a selective area.
Step 2, presetting the pressure of the laser pressing the front roller 8 and the rear roller 9 of the working head along with welding, the parameters of the ultrasonic vibration device 7 such as amplitude and frequency, and inputting the parameters into a control center; and determining parameters such as laser power, welding speed, spot size and the like according to the size and the thickness of the workpiece.
And 3, under the pressure action of the front roller 8, the metal 1 to be welded is tightly attached to the thermoplastic composite material 2. The laser heats the material surface of the metal 1 and melts the thermoplastic resin matrix of the thermoplastic composite 2 by heat conduction to the joint interface of the metal 1 and the thermoplastic composite 2. Under the action of the pressure of the rear roller 9 and the high-frequency vibration pressure of the ultrasonic vibration device 7, the nail-shaped convex structures 3 on the surface of the metal 1 are embedded into the thermoplastic composite material 2 to play a pinning effect, and the molten resin matrix flows, diffuses and fills the surface of the metal 1, so that the laser connection between the thermoplastic composite material 2 and the metal 1 is realized.
In this embodiment, in step 1, the processing method of the nail-shaped protruding structure 3 includes: laser additive manufacturing, metal powder injection molding, cold metal transition welding, electron beam melting processing, mechanical precision processing and the like;
size range of the nail-shaped projection structure 3: the diameter is 0.8-1.5mm, and the height is 40-60% of the height of the thermoplastic composite material 2;
density of the projection structures 3: 4 pieces/cm2-20/cm2；
Shape of the protruding structure 3: conical, cylindrical, bulb-shaped, wedge-shaped;
the angle range between the convex structure 3 and the surface of the metal 1 is as follows: 60-90 degrees.
In the embodiment, in the step 2, the laser welding-following compaction working head mainly comprises modules such as a laser working head 4, a control center, a feedback system, a pressure device and an ultrasonic vibration device 7; specifically, the laser working head 4 is mounted in the middle of the mounting frame 5, a front roller 8 is connected in front of the mounting frame 5 through a front connecting frame, a rear roller 9 is connected in rear of the mounting frame 5 through a rear connecting frame, pressure devices are mounted on the front connecting frame and the rear connecting frame, and an ultrasonic vibration device 7 is further arranged on the rear connecting frame; the laser working head 4, the pressure device and the ultrasonic vibration device 7 are all connected with a control center, wherein the control center can select the existing controller according to the working requirement.
In the present embodiment, the pressure means 6 comprise an electric motor, movement means and spring means; the moving device comprises a lead screw, a rack and a sliding block, the rack is arranged on the front connecting frame or the rear connecting frame, the lead screw is arranged on the rack and is connected with an output shaft of the motor through a coupler, and the sliding block is arranged on the lead screw and is connected with one side of the spring device through a bolt; in the embodiment, the motor drives the lead screw to rotate, so that the spring device is driven to reciprocate up and down through the sliding block, and the sufficient pressing force of the front roller 8 and the rear roller 9 on the surface of the metal 1 is ensured; wherein the spring device can select a corresponding spring from the prior art according to the requirement.
In the embodiment, the feedback system monitors the pressure on the surface of the metal 1 and transmits the pressure information to the control center; the pressure sensor is embedded into the front roller 8 and the rear roller 9, the pressure on the surface of the metal 1 can be measured in real time, pressure information is fed back to the control center, when the pressure does not reach or exceed a preset pressure value, the control center controls the motor in the pressure device 6, and the spring device is driven, so that the roller is adjusted to apply the pressure on the surface of the metal 1.
The front roller 8 realizes pre-compression fitting of the free curve plate, the pressure value of the front roller 8 is adjustable, the pressure range is 0-0.5MPa, and the width of the front roller 8 is 4-8 mm.
The pressure of the rear roller 9 acts on the area of the metal 1 irradiated by the laser, so that the effect that the composite material melting area is subjected to the pressure is effectively guaranteed; under the action of downward pressure of the rear roller 9, the nail-shaped convex structures 3 on the surface of the metal 1 can be embedded into the thermoplastic composite material 2, the flow diffusion of the molten resin matrix can be promoted, and the metal 1 and the thermoplastic composite material 2 form a pinning anchoring mechanical structure; the pressure value of the rear roller 9 is adjustable, and the pressure range is 0-1.2 MPa. The width of the rear roller 9 is 6-10 mm.
In the present embodiment, the ultrasonic vibration device 7 supplies vibrations of an ultrasonic frequency while applying the ultrasonic vibrations to the rear roller 9, and converts the ultrasonic vibrations of a high frequency into downward vibratory pressure to be applied to the region to be welded by the conversion system. The generation of bubble defects in the composite material matrix can be effectively inhibited under the synergistic action of the downward pressure of the rear roller 9 and the additional high-frequency vibration pressure. Wherein the ultrasonic vibration device 7 is selected from the prior art as required, and it mainly includes: vibration generators, control systems, conversion systems, etc.; vibration amplitude range: 1-6 um.
The invention adopts the laser welding-following compaction working head to realize compaction and compaction of the heterogeneous component with the free-form surface in the laser welding process; the generation of bubbles of the composite material matrix in the welding process is inhibited by adding a high-frequency ultrasonic vibration device 7 to the rear roller 9; the nail-shaped convex structure 3 is prefabricated in the metal 1 area, so that a connection structure for pinning and anchoring is generated between the metal 1 and the thermoplastic composite material 2 during laser connection; therefore, the high-quality and reliable connection of the large heterogeneous component with the free curved surface is realized, and the requirements of engineering application are met.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material and metal laser pressure welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, prefabricating a convex structure on the surface of a joint of metal to be welded;
step 2, presetting working parameters of a laser welding-following compaction working head;
step 3, under the pressure action of a front roller of a laser welding-following compaction working head, metal of a welding area and a thermoplastic composite material form close fit;
step 4, laser heating the surface of the metal material, and melting the thermoplastic resin matrix of the thermoplastic composite material by conducting heat to the joint interface of the metal and the thermoplastic composite material;
step 5, under the action of a pressure device and an ultrasonic vibration device of a rear roller of a laser welding pressing working head, a protruding structure on the metal surface is embedded into the thermoplastic composite material, and the molten resin matrix flows, diffuses and fills the metal surface to realize laser connection of the thermoplastic composite material and the metal;
the laser welding-following compaction working head comprises a mounting frame, a laser working head, a control center, a feedback system, a pressure device and an ultrasonic vibration device; the laser working head is installed in the middle of the installation frame, the front of the installation frame is connected with a front roller through a front connecting frame, the rear of the installation frame is connected with a rear roller through a rear connecting frame, the front connecting frame and the rear connecting frame are both provided with the pressure device, and the rear connecting frame is also provided with the ultrasonic vibration device; the laser working head, the pressure device and the ultrasonic vibration device are all connected with the control center;
the pressure device comprises a motor, a movement device and a spring device; the moving device comprises a rack, a lead screw and a sliding block, the rack is mounted on the front connecting frame or the rear connecting frame, and the lead screw is mounted on the rack; the screw rod is connected with an output shaft of the motor through a coupler, the sliding block is installed on the screw rod, and the sliding block is connected with the spring device through a bolt; the motor is arranged on the front connecting frame or the rear connecting frame;
the feedback system comprises pressure sensors, the front roller and the rear roller are embedded with the pressure sensors, and the pressure sensors are connected with the control center.
2. The fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite and metal laser pressure welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the pressure value of the front roller is 0-0.5MPa, and the width of the front roller is 4-8 mm;
the pressure value of the rear roller is 0-1.2MPa, and the width of the rear roller is 6-10 mm;
the vibration amplitude range of the ultrasonic vibration device is 1-6 um.
3. The fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite and metal laser pressure welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser working head adopts a continuous or pulse laser, and is a carbon dioxide laser, a semiconductor laser or a fiber laser; the average laser power is 500-3000W, the welding speed is 0.5-15mm/s, and the heating area of the selective laser area is less than 400mm2。
4. The fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite and metal laser pressure welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, the processing method of the convex structure adopts laser additive manufacturing, metal powder injection molding, cold metal transition welding, electron beam melting processing or mechanical precision processing.
5. The fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite and metal laser pressure welding method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step 1, the convex structure is a conical, cylindrical, ball-head or wedge-shaped convex structure.
6. The fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite and metal laser pressure welding method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the diameter of the convex structure is 0.8-1.5mm, and the height of the convex structure is 40% -60% of the height of the thermoplastic composite material; the angle between the convex structure and the metal surface is 60-90 degrees, and the density of the convex structure is 4/cm2-20/cm2。
7. The fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite and metal laser pressure welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2, the pressure of the front roller and the pressure of the rear roller and the amplitude and frequency of the ultrasonic vibration device are preset and input into a control center; and determining the laser power, the welding speed and the spot size of the laser working head according to the size and the thickness of the metal and thermoplastic composite material.
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