CN112775654A

CN112775654A - Counter-die and method for joining metal parts

Info

Publication number: CN112775654A
Application number: CN202011231043.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 汉斯-于尔根·瓦尔; 丹尼尔·弗里奇; 迈克尔·普赖宁格
Original assignee: Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Current assignee: Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Priority date: 2019-11-06
Filing date: 2020-11-06
Publication date: 2021-05-11
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-06
Also published as: DE102019129864B4; CN112775654B; DE102019129864A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a counter die (1) for joining metal parts (3, 4, 26, 29, 34), comprising: a shell (5) consisting of a shell bottom (6), a shell sleeve (7) and an annular shell cover (8); a sliding sleeve (18) movable in the housing along a central axis (M) thereof; a central slide (19) which is arranged concentrically in the sliding sleeve and can be moved relative to the sliding sleeve and the housing, wherein in a first setting one of the two elements, namely the housing cover and the central slide, is designed as a centering element relative to the workpiece and provides a bearing surface (A1) for the workpiece (3, 4) by means of the sliding sleeve, wherein the sliding sleeve (18) projects from the housing (5) and the central slide (19) projects from the sliding sleeve (18), and in a second setting the sliding sleeve (18) and the central slide (19) are lowered in the housing (5), wherein the workpiece bearing surface (A2) is provided by means of the housing cover (8).

Description

Counter-die and method for joining metal parts

Technical Field

The invention relates to a counter-die suitable for engaging metal parts, in particular elements of a transmission of an electrically driven motor vehicle. The invention further relates to a method for joining machine parts by means of a counter-die.

Background

DE 102016215011 a1 discloses a drive device for an electrically driven motor vehicle. The drive arrangement comprises a transmission device having an input stage, a load stage and a differential stage. The input stage and the load stage each comprise a planetary gear set. Assembly information about the planetary gear set is not known from DE 102016215011 a 1.

A further transmission device for use in electric vehicles is described in DE 102012024752 a1, which has a plurality of planetary gear stages coupled to one another.

Various counter dies for joining metal parts are discussed, for example, in document DE 2155922 a relating to rolling bearing cages and their manufacture and document EP 1705448A 1 relating to condensers for motor vehicles.

Disclosure of Invention

The aim of the invention is to join metal parts by means of a counter-die in a particularly rational and process-reliable manner.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a base mold having the features of the invention. The object is likewise achieved by a method for joining machine parts by means of a counter die.

The design and advantages of the invention described below in connection with the joining method are also meaningfully applicable to the device, i.e. the mould, and vice versa.

The bottom die comprises:

a housing with a cylindrical basic shape, which is formed by a housing base, a housing sleeve and an annular housing cover,

a sliding sleeve movable in the housing along its central axis,

a central slide concentrically arranged in the sliding sleeve, movable relative to the sliding sleeve and the housing.

In a first configuration, one of the two elements, namely the housing cover and the central slide, is designed as a centering element relative to the workpiece and provides a bearing surface for the workpiece via the sliding sleeve, wherein the sliding sleeve projects from the housing and the central slide projects from the sliding sleeve again, so that the central slide projects for the most part beyond the housing cover. In contrast, in a second setting, in which the workpiece support surface is provided by the housing cover, the sliding sleeve and the central slide are lowered in the housing.

Overall, in a typical embodiment, the counter mold has a pot-like basic shape, wherein the components of the housing, namely the housing bottom, the housing sleeve and the housing cover, can be firmly connected to one another in any manner. It is also possible to combine the individual parts of the component into a single, integral component. For example, the functions of the housing base and the housing sleeve can be assumed by a single component, for example a rotary component. The functional combination of the housing cover and the housing sleeve is likewise possible in a one-piece component. Overall, the housing is composed of two, three or more housing parts, in particular screwed together.

The central axis of the entire bottom mold, which is identical to the axis of symmetry of the housing, corresponds to the direction of movement of the central slide and of the sliding sleeve. When running the bottom mold in a manufacturing facility, the axial forces required for engaging the metal parts, i.e. the forces in the direction of movement, are absorbed by the housing and the sliding sleeve. In contrast, in a preferred embodiment, the central slide is not designed to absorb the forces occurring during the joining process each time the metal parts are pressed or pressed in.

More precisely, the central slide preferably has the function of centering the workpiece relative to the counter die on the one hand and of moving the sliding sleeve into the housing when required on the other hand, wherein the central slide itself is also lowered into the housing during this process. As the term "lower down" indicates, it is assumed here that the center axis of the bottom mold is oriented vertically, wherein the central slide is displaceable from the top side of the housing in the direction of the housing bottom. In principle, any other installation position of the bottom mold within the manufacturing facility is feasible.

In general, the method for joining machine parts by means of a counter-die comprises the following features:

providing an at least three-part counter-die, which is initially in a first setting in which a first counter-die part of the three counter-die parts that are limitedly movable relative to one another has a centering function and a second counter-die part of the at least three counter-die parts in total has a supporting function,

centering the first workpiece relative to the first die block part and performing a first joining process on the first workpiece while supporting a first face of the first workpiece by a bearing surface of the second die block part,

turning the first workpiece by 180 ° so that a first side of the first workpiece resting on the counter-die faces away from the counter-die in a preceding assembly step, wherein the setting of the counter-die corresponds to the setting in the first assembly step,

centering the first workpiece relative to the third die block part and performing a second joining process on the first workpiece while supporting the second side of the first workpiece by the bearing surface of the second die block part,

placing the second workpiece on a third die block part, wherein the bearing surface of the second die block part and the end face of the first die block part remain free through an opening in the second workpiece,

moving the punch into the die block, so that the first and second die block parts are lowered in the third die block part while the joining process is performed on the second workpiece.

In a preferred embodiment, the first bottom die part is a central slide, the second bottom die part is a sliding sleeve and the third bottom die part is a housing. The central slide is preferably guided in the housing in a rotationally fixed manner, while the sliding sleeve can be rotated within the housing about its own axis to a limited extent. In order to achieve the guidance of the sliding sleeve, the central slider has, for example, a pin or a plurality of pins, wherein the or each pin engages in a guide groove in the sliding sleeve. The pin here projects in the radial direction from a central slide which is substantially cylindrical in accordance with the shape of the sliding sleeve, wherein the function of the pin can also be assumed by the overall contour of the central slide.

The guide groove, in which the pin engages, preferably has a first section running in the longitudinal direction of the counter die and a second section bent away therefrom. When the central slide is forced from the outside toward the housing bottom, the sliding sleeve is initially held in a constant position as long as the pin moves within the section of the guide groove oriented parallel to the central axis of the housing. Only when the obliquely extending section of the guide groove is reached is the sliding sleeve forced into a rotational movement about its central axis by the further lowering of the central slide.

At the beginning of this rotational movement, the sliding sleeve initially remains supported on the housing in the axial direction, wherein for this purpose at least one key is provided, for example, on the outer circumferential surface of the sliding sleeve. The key can be screwed to the sliding sleeve. Alternatively, the function of the key is assumed by the overall profile of the sliding sleeve. In any case, the key interacts with a slide groove formed on the inner circumferential surface of the housing. The key and the sliding groove are designed in such a way that in a first setting of the sliding sleeve, an axial force acting between the sliding sleeve and the housing never leads to a torque between the sliding sleeve and the housing.

Rather, the sliding sleeve is forced to twist only by the central slider, if necessary. By twisting, the key slides onto a shoulder which is the contour of the sliding groove and which, in a first setting of the sliding sleeve, acts as a stop face relative to the sliding sleeve. As long as the key moves beyond the entire shoulder, the entire sliding sleeve, including one or more keys, together with the central slider, is pushed into the housing. In the fully pushed-in state, preferably neither the sliding sleeve nor the central slider projects from the housing. Thus, a space is released in the housing, which space can be used in particular for moving the punch into the counter die.

The counter die is suitable, for example, for connecting a relatively thin-walled sleeve with a comparatively solid workpiece which is supported by the counter die during joining. The sleeve can be pressed onto the workpiece or pressed into the workpiece.

A preferred field of application of the counter die is the assembly of transmissions, in particular for electric vehicles. The first workpiece is a planet carrier and the second workpiece is a cover, which can be connected to the planet carrier in a subsequent production step. The bottom mold enables the execution of three assembly steps, namely two assembly steps on the planet carrier and one assembly step on the cover, without the need to replace the mold and to remove the bottom mold from the assembly device.

Drawings

Embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to the drawings. In which are shown:

fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a mounting device in a first setting, comprising: bottom die; a first workpiece; namely a planet carrier; and a first sleeve to be fitted on the first workpiece,

figure 2 shows a perspective view of the sleeve during assembly in the arrangement according to figure 1,

fig. 3 shows the assembly apparatus in a second setting, in which a second sleeve is fitted on the planet carrier,

figure 4 shows a perspective view of the sleeve during assembly in the arrangement according to figure 3,

fig. 5 shows a diagrammatic representation of an assembly device similar to fig. 1, comprising: a second piece, i.e. a cover for the planet carrier according to fig. 1 and 3; and in this case a third sleeve to be fitted on the cap,

fig. 6 shows the assembly plant according to fig. 5, comprising a cover for the planet carrier together with a punch that moves into the counter-form,

figure 7 shows a third bush to be fitted on the cover by means of the device according to figures 5 and 6,

figures 8 and 9 show exploded views of the mounting device without the workpiece,

figure 10 shows a cross-sectional view of the bottom die,

figure 11 shows a side view of the bottom mold,

figure 12 shows a top view of the bottom mold,

figure 13 shows a perspective view of the bottom mold,

figure 14 shows a cross-section of the central slide of the bottom die,

fig. 15 shows a perspective view of the central slider.

Figure 16 shows a side view of the sliding sleeve of the bottom die,

figure 17 shows a top view of the sliding sleeve,

fig. 18 shows a perspective view of the sliding sleeve.

Fig. 19 shows a key that can be assigned to the sliding sleeve and interacts with the housing of the bottom mold.

Detailed Description

The assembly plant, indicated as a whole by 10, comprises a die block 1 and a punch 2 interacting with the die block 1 and with the workpieces 3, 4. The common central axis of the die 1 and the punch 2 is denoted by M. The workpieces 3, 4 rest on the support plane AE on the base mold 1. In this exemplary embodiment, the first workpiece 3 is a planet carrier, which is generally referred to as a base body and is designed for use in the load and differential stages of an electrically driven motor vehicle. The second workpiece 4 is a cover which is connected to the planet carrier 3 in a subsequent assembly step, not shown. The carrier 3 has a first end side S1 and a second end side S2.

The counter die 1 has a housing 5 with a cylindrical basic shape. The housing 5 comprises a housing base 6, a housing sleeve 7 and a housing cover 8 designed as a ring. An outer housing neck 9 and an inner housing neck 11 project from the housing bottom 6. The

housing necks

9, 11 are penetrated by a single hole 12 in which guide

grooves

13, 14 are present. The

guide grooves

13, 14 extend over the entire opening 12 and thus over the two

housing necks

9, 11.

The housing sleeve 7 is connected to the housing base 6 and to the annular housing cover 8 by

screws

15, 16. A total of four sliding grooves 17, to which a further detailed discussion is directed, are formed on the inner circumferential surface of the housing sleeve 7.

A sliding sleeve 18 which is movable along the central axis M is arranged in the housing 5. A sliding sleeve 18 annularly surrounds the central slide, generally indicated at 19. The components of the central slide 19 are a pot-shaped central element 20 and a central pin 21 concentric with the central axis M, said central pin 21 being fixed to the central element 20 by a single screw 22 and projecting into the inner cavity of the housing 5. At the lower end of the center pin 21 in the interior of the housing 5, a key 23 is inserted into the center pin, which key together with the

guide grooves

13, 14 functions as an anti-rotation device 24. The central slider 19 is therefore longitudinally displaceably loaded by the spring 47 (fig. 10) and at the same time is guided in the housing 5 in a rotationally fixed manner.

In the arrangement according to fig. 1, the first face F1 of the workpiece 3 on its first end side S1 rests on the ring-disk-shaped bearing face a1 provided by the sliding sleeve 18. The centering of the first workpiece 3 relative to the counter die 1 takes place by means of a first centering profile Z1 on the outer circumferential surface of the central element 20, which projects beyond the sliding sleeve 18.

The punch 2 interacts with the die block 1 as a further component of the assembly device 10. In the assembly step according to fig. 1, the first bushing 26 is pressed onto the planet carrier 3 from the second end side S2 by means of the punch 2. The first bushing 26 has a well-defined pot shape with a cylindrical section 27 and a radially inwardly directed rim 28 connected thereto, i.e. an incomplete bottom.

After the assembly of the first bushing 26, the punch 2 is removed from the workpiece 3 and the workpiece is removed from the assembly device 10. Then, the workpiece is turned over and placed again on the bottom mold 1, as shown in fig. 3. Therefore, in this state, the second end side S2 of the carrier 3 is directed downward. Here, the second surface F2 of the carrier 3 facing the second end side S2 rests on the bearing surface a1 of the sliding sleeve 18. The centering of the workpiece 3 relative to the counter die 1 takes place in this case by means of the second centering contour Z2 on the housing cover 8. The shoulder 25 of the sliding sleeve 18 ensures that it is supported in the housing 5 in a loss-proof manner, wherein the sliding sleeve 18 can be stopped by means of the shoulder 25 against the housing cover 8 projecting inward from the housing sleeve 7.

In the arrangement shown in fig. 3, the second bushing 29 is pressed into the planet carrier 3. The second bushing 29, as can also be seen from fig. 4, has a cap shape with a cylindrical section 30 and a radially outwardly directed flange 31 connected thereto.

Fig. 5 to 7 relate to the assembly steps on the cover 4 as the second workpiece. Lid 4 has a ring-shaped surface F3, which rests on the likewise ring-shaped housing cover 8 of bottom mold 1, i.e. on surface a 2. The face F3 defines the central opening 32 in the second workpiece 4. The short tubular section 33, in which the third bush 34 is pressed, is connected to the face F3 in the axial direction. The third bushing 34 is embodied like the second bushing 29 in the form of a flange having a cylindrical section 35 and a flange 36. In this case, the third centering profile Z3 is provided by the outer circumferential surface of the sliding sleeve 18. All

bushings

26, 29, 24 are steel plate pieces.

When the third bushing 34 is pressed into the cover 4, the punch 2 moves into the interior of the housing 5. In order to be able to carry out this process, the previously present locking of the sliding sleeve 18 relative to the housing 5 is released by means of the central slider 19, as explained below, which is dependent on the loading in the axial direction.

The sliding sleeve 18 interacts with the central slide 19 on its inner circumference and with the housing 5 on its outer circumference. Unlike the central slide 19, the sliding sleeve 18 is not only movable in the axial direction, but is also rotatable to a limited extent about its own axis, i.e. about the central axis M.

Two radially outwardly directed pins 37, 38 are inserted in the central element 20 of the central slide 21, said pins not being shown in fig. 14 and 15. The

pins

37, 38 engage in guide grooves 39, 40 of the sliding sleeve 18. Each guide groove 39, 40 comprises a straight section 41, i.e. a section oriented parallel to the central axis M, and a sloping section 42 connected thereto.

If the central element 20 is lowered by the punch 2, the

pins

37, 38 first move within the straight section 41. Only when the oblique section 42 is reached, the torsion of the sliding sleeve 18 begins to be induced. At the beginning of the twisting process, a total of four keys 43, which are distributed uniformly over the outer circumference of the sliding sleeve 18, rest on a shoulder 44 formed by the sliding groove 17. In this state, a stop surface is provided by the shoulder 44, which absorbs the axial forces introduced into the sliding sleeve 18 as required in the first two assembly steps.

In contrast, in the third assembly step, the sliding sleeve 18 does not have a function beyond its initial centering function. The twisting of the sliding sleeve 18 caused by the central slider 19 continues until the bearing surface, designated 45, of each key 43 is pushed out of the shoulder 44. Subsequently, the central slider 19 continues to descend in the housing 5 with the descent of the sliding sleeve 18 until the state shown in fig. 6 occurs. In order to reduce the load acting on the slotted link 17 and the keys 43 during the transition of the sliding sleeve 18 between the rotary movement and the longitudinal movement, a chamfer 46 is present on each key 43, which chamfer is visible in particular in fig. 19, which shows a single key 43.

List of reference numerals

1 bottom die

2 punch

3 first workpiece, planet carrier, base body

4 second piece, cover for planetary carrier

5 casing

6 bottom of the shell

7 casing cover

8 casing cover

9 outer casing neck

10 assembling device

11 inner shell neck

12 holes

13 guide groove

14 guide groove

15 screw

16 screw

17 chute

18 sliding sleeve

19 center slide

20 center element

21 center pin

22 screw

23 bond

24 anti-twist device

25 convex shoulder

26 first bushing

27 cylindrical section

28 edge

29 second bushing

30 cylindrical section

31 Flange

32 opening

33 tubular segment

34 third liner

35 cylindrical section

36 flange

37 pin

38 pin

39 guide groove

40 guide groove

41 straight section of guide groove

42 oblique section of guide groove

43 Key

44 shoulder

45 bearing surface

46 chamfer

47 spring

AE support plane

Bearing surface of A1 sliding sleeve

Bearing surface of A2 casing

F1 first face of first workpiece on first end side

F2 second face of first workpiece toward second end side

Ring disk-shaped face of F3 cover

M axle wire

S1 first end side of first workpiece

S2 second end side of first workpiece

Centering profile on Z1 center slide

Centering profile on Z2 shell

Centering profile on Z3 sliding sleeve

Claims

1. A counter die (1) for engaging metal parts (3, 4, 26, 29, 34), said counter die comprising:

a housing (5) having a central axis (M), said housing being formed by a housing base (6), a housing sleeve (7) and an annular housing cover (8) concentric to the central axis (M),

-a sliding sleeve (18) movable along the central axis (M) in the housing (5),

-a central slide (19) concentrically arranged in the sliding sleeve (18), which central slide is movable relative to the sliding sleeve (18) and the housing (5),

wherein

-in a first setting one of the two elements, namely the housing cover (8) and the central slide (19), is designed as a centering element relative to the workpieces (3, 4) and provides a bearing surface (A1) for the workpieces (3, 4) by means of the sliding sleeve (18), wherein the sliding sleeve (18) projects from the housing (5) and the central slide (19) projects from the sliding sleeve (18),

-in a second setting, the sliding sleeve (18) and the central slide (19) are lowered in the housing (5), wherein a workpiece support surface (a2) is provided by the housing cover (8).

2. Counter (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the central slide (19) is guided in the housing (5) in a rotationally fixed manner, while the sliding sleeve (18) can be rotated to a limited extent relative to the housing (5).

3. Bottom die (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the central slide (19) has at least one pin (37, 38) oriented orthogonally to the central axis (M), which engages into a guide slot (39, 40) in the sliding sleeve (18).

4. The bottom mold (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the guide groove (39, 40) has a first section (41) oriented parallel to the central axis (M) and a second section (42) connected thereto extending obliquely relative to the first section (41).

5. Bottom mold (1) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the sliding sleeve (18) has at least one key (43) on its outer circumference, which interacts with a sliding groove (17) on the inner circumference of the housing sleeve (7).

6. Counter (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the slide groove (17) is stepped, wherein a shoulder (44) of the slide groove (17) is designed as a stop face against the key (43) in the first setting of the sliding sleeve (18).

7. Method for joining machine parts (3, 4, 26, 29, 34) by means of a counter-die (1), having the following features:

-providing an at least three-piece counter die (1) in a first setting, wherein in the setting a first counter die part (19) of three counter die parts (19, 18, 5) that are limitedly movable relative to each other has a centering function and a second counter die part (18) has a supporting function,

-centering a first workpiece (3) with respect to the first die block part (19) and performing a first joining process on the first workpiece (3) while supporting a first face (F1) of the first workpiece (3) by a bearing face (A1) of the second die block part (18),

-turning the first workpiece (3) through 180 ° so that a first side (F1) of the first workpiece (3) resting on the counter-die (1) faces away from the counter-die (1) in a preceding assembly step, wherein the setting of the counter-die (1) remains unchanged,

-centering the first workpiece (3) relative to the third die block part (5) and performing a second joining process on the first workpiece (3) while supporting a second face (F2) of the first workpiece (3) by a bearing face (A1) of the second die block part (18),

-placing a second workpiece (4) on the third die part (5), wherein the bearing surface (A1) of the second die part (18) and the end face of the first die part (19) are kept free by an opening (32) in the second workpiece (4),

-moving a punch (2) into the die (1) such that the first die part (19) and the second die part (18) are lowered in the third die part (5) while performing a joining process on the second workpiece (4).

8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that a thin-walled sleeve (26, 29, 24) compared to the two workpieces (3, 4) is pressed onto the workpieces (3, 4) or into the workpieces by means of the counter die (1).

9. Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the joining process is performed on a base body as the first workpiece (3) and on a cover to be connected with the base body (3) as the second workpiece (4).

10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the joining process is performed on a planet carrier (3) as a first piece and on a cover (4) to be connected with the planet carrier as a second piece.