CN112772665B - 一种除草组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种除草组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112772665B CN112772665B CN202110009147.7A CN202110009147A CN112772665B CN 112772665 B CN112772665 B CN 112772665B CN 202110009147 A CN202110009147 A CN 202110009147A CN 112772665 B CN112772665 B CN 112772665B
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- herbicidal composition
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- oxadiazon
- diflufenican
- weeds
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种除草组合物,该除草组合物中活性成分砜吡草唑、吡氟酰草胺、噁草酮的重量比为(1‑20):(1‑20):(5‑50)。所述的活性成分在除草剂组合物中的百分含量为10%‑60%。本发明除草剂组合物具有协同增效作用,与各单剂单独使用或二元使用相比明显提高了除草效果,扩大了杀草谱,同时降低了农药使用量,减轻了对环境的污染,延缓了杂草抗性的产生。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药化学领域,具体涉及一种含有砜吡草唑、吡氟酰草胺和噁草酮的除草组合物及其应用。
背景技术
小麦是我国主要农作物之一,随着麦田草害日益加重,严重影响了小麦的的生产工作。目前国内麦田除草剂主要以茎叶喷雾的方式处理杂草,但这类除草剂由于长期使用,杂草抗性逐年加重,很多区域常规茎叶处理剂已经无法有效防治杂草。目前,市场上已逐步出现以土壤处理剂代替茎叶处理剂的现象,但土壤处理剂质量参差不齐,药害现象经常发生。面对这个现状,如何能够寻找一种高效、安全的麦田土壤处理除草组合物迫在眉睫。
砜吡草唑(Pyroxasulfone),其他名称:派罗克杀草砜、吡噁杀草砜,化学名称:3-[5-(二氟甲氧基)-1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)吡唑-4-基甲基磺酰基]-4,5-二氢-5,5-二甲基-1,2-异噁唑,化学结构式如下:
砜吡草唑属超长链脂肪酸延长合成酶抑制剂类除草剂,通过抑制超长链脂肪酸延长合成酶(VLCFAE)而发挥药效。众所周知,超长链脂肪酸延长合成酶主要将植物叶绿体中碳链C16或C18的脂肪酸或不饱和长链脂肪酸合成植物生长中不可或缺的神经酸和豆蔻酸(C30)等。砜吡草唑对雀麦、多花黑麦草、看麦娘等防效好,但是对多数阔叶杂草及部分禾本科杂草如节节麦、野燕麦防效偏差,单独使用砜吡草唑无法满足小麦田的除草需求。
吡氟酰草胺:(diflufenican),化学名称:2,4-二氟-2-(α,α,α-三氟间甲苯氧基)-3-烟酰苯胺,化学结构式如下:
吡氟酰草胺属于类胡萝卜素生物合成抑制剂。被处理的植物植株中类胡萝卜素含量下降,进而导致叶绿素被破坏,细胞膜破裂,杂草表现为幼芽脱色或变白。在杂草发芽前施用可在上表形成抗淋溶的药土层,在作物整个生长期保持活性。当杂草萌发时,通过幼芽或根系吸收药剂最后死亡。死亡速度与光的强度有关,光强则快,光弱则慢。适用于大麦、小麦田防除猪殃殃、婆婆纳、繁缕等阔叶杂草,也可防除少部分禾本科杂草,对野燕麦、节节麦、苍耳等防效差。
噁草酮(Oxadiazon),化学名称:5-叔丁基-3-(2,4-二氯-5-异丙氧苯基)-1,3,4-恶二唑啉-2-酮,化学结构式如下:
噁草酮通过植物幼芽、根和茎叶吸收,使其停止生长,进而腐烂死亡。噁草酮需在光的作用下发挥除草活性,其杀草效果与光照度成正比。杂草从萌芽期至2叶期对本剂均敏感,幼芽期更敏感。噁草酮施于土壤中可迅速被土壤吸附固定,由于水溶性小,不易移动和淋洗。噁草酮对马唐、千金、节节麦、雀麦、野燕麦等多数一年生禾本科及阔叶杂草有较好的防治作用,但由于长期使用,部分杂草对其已有一定的抗性,单独使用无法满足小麦田除草的要求。
综上所述,单一的化学药剂对一种或一类杂草表现出较好的防治效果。但是由于农作物复杂处多样的生长特性和栽培模式,套种、间作等农事操作导致小麦田杂草发生情况更加复杂,不同种类的杂草出苗期不同,使用单一的除草剂不能有效防除小麦整个生长期的杂草。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了寻求一种新型的麦田除草组合物,以弥补麦田常用除草剂的不足,为麦田提供一种切实可用的土壤封闭处理除草剂,该组合物既具有活性高、用量少、成本低的优点,又具有杀草谱广、安全性好、增效作用明显的特点。
本发明的目的可以通过以下措施达到:一种除草组合物,该组合物包含A、B和C三种活性成分,其中活性成分A为砜吡草唑,活性成分B为吡氟酰草胺,活性成分C为噁草酮,所述活性成分A、B和C的重量比为(1-20):(1-20):(5-50);
进一步地,所述活性成分A、B、C的重量比为(1-6):(1-6):(5-15);
进一步地,所述活性成分A、B、C的重量比为(2-5):(2-5):(5-12);
进一步地,所述活性成分A、B、C的重量比为2:2:5;
进一步地,所述的活性成分重量之和占总除草组合物的1%-80%;
进一步地,所述的活性成分重量之和占总除草组合物的10%-60%;
进一步地,所述除草组合物还包括辅助剂,所述辅助剂选自润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂、增稠剂、崩解剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、溶剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、增效剂、分散介质和载体中的一种或多种;
本发明提供了含砜吡草唑、吡氟酰草胺和噁草酮的除草组合物,所述除草组合物有效成分砜吡草唑、吡氟酰草胺、噁草酮和辅助剂可以制成各种剂型;
进一步地,所述剂型包括可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、水乳剂、乳油、悬浮剂、可分散油悬浮剂;
进一步地,可湿性粉剂可使用辅助剂有分散剂、润湿剂、填料等;
进一步地,水分散粒剂可使用辅助剂有分散剂、崩解剂、粘结剂、填料等;
进一步地,乳油可使用辅助剂有乳化剂、溶剂等;
进一步地,可分散油悬浮剂可使用辅助剂有分散剂、润湿剂、增稠剂、防冻剂、分散介质等;
进一步地,悬浮剂可使用辅助剂有分散剂、乳化剂、润湿剂、增稠剂、防冻剂、载体等;
进一步地,所述制剂的剂型为悬浮剂;
本发明所述的除草组合物及其制剂在防除小麦田杂草上的应用,所述小麦田杂草为一年生禾本科及阔叶杂草;
进一步地,所述一年生禾本科杂草为节节麦、雀麦、野燕麦、多花黑麦草、硬草、菵草、看麦娘、日本看麦娘、早熟禾等中的一种或多种;阔叶杂草为播娘蒿、荠菜、泽漆、繁缕、牛繁缕等中的一种或多种。
本发明提供的除草剂组合物于现有技术相比,本发明具备以下增益效果:
1、除草活性高,三种活性成分协同增效,提高了除草剂的杀草活性,且三个除草剂作用机理不同,能够减缓杂草抗药性的产生;
2、杀草谱广,药效持久,作为土壤处理剂,能够有效防除多种小麦田杂草;
3、安全性高,用药量低,高效除草,对环境友好。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的技术方案、目的以及优点更加清楚明白,本发明用以下具体实施例进行说明,但本发明可以以各种形式实现而不应被这里阐述的实施方式所限制。
制备例
为了更好地说明本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明内容作进一步说明。所有实施例中的份数均为重量份数。
制备例1:45%砜吡草唑·吡氟酰草胺·噁草酮悬浮剂(10:10:25)
配方:10%砜吡草唑、10%吡氟酰草胺、25%噁草酮、2%烷基硫酸钠、3%烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚、0.5%苯甲酸钠、5%丙二醇、0.2%有机硅消泡剂、去离子水补足余量;
制备方法:按配方比例,砜吡草唑、吡氟酰草胺、噁草酮、表面活性剂和其他功能性助剂依次置于反应釜中,加水混合均匀,经高速剪切,湿法砂磨,最后匀质过滤即得悬浮剂产品。
制备例2:25%砜吡草唑·吡氟酰草胺·噁草酮悬浮剂(5:5:15)
配方:5%砜吡草唑、5%吡氟酰草胺、15%噁草酮、4%聚羧酸钠、2%烷基硫酸钠、2%聚丙烯酸钠、0.5%乙二醇、0.5%苯甲酸钠、0.1%有机硅消泡剂,去离子水补足余量;
制备方法:同制备例1。
制备例3:35%砜吡草唑·吡氟酰草胺·噁草酮悬浮剂(5:5:25)
配方:5%砜吡草唑、5%吡氟酰草胺、25%噁草酮、5%烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、3%萘磺酸钠、2%羧甲基纤维素、0.5%山梨酸、0.1%有机硅消泡剂,去离子水补足余量;
制备方法:同制备例1。
制备例4:35%砜吡草唑·吡氟酰草胺·噁草酮悬浮剂(10:10:15)
配方:10%砜吡草唑、10%吡氟酰草胺、15%噁草酮、5%烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、3%萘磺酸钠、2%羧甲基纤维素、1%尿素、0.1%有机硅消泡剂,去离子水补足余量;
制备方法:同制备例1。
制备例5:45%砜吡草唑·吡氟酰草胺·噁草酮悬浮剂(15:15:15)
配方:15%砜吡草唑、15%吡氟酰草胺、15%噁草酮、4%聚羧酸钠、2%烷基硫酸钠、2%聚丙烯酸钠、0.5%乙二醇、0.5%苯甲酸钠,去离子水补足余量;
制备方法:同制备例1。
制备例6:55%砜吡草唑·吡氟酰草胺·噁草酮悬浮剂(15:15:25)
配方:15%砜吡草唑、15%吡氟酰草胺、25%噁草酮、4%聚羧酸钠、2%烷基硫酸钠、2%聚丙烯酸钠、0.5%乙二醇、0.5%苯甲酸钠、0.1%有机硅消泡剂,去离子水补足余量;
制备方法:同制备例1。
制备例7:45%砜吡草唑·吡氟酰草胺·噁草酮可分散油悬浮剂(10:10:25)
配方:10%砜吡草唑、10%吡氟酰草胺、25%噁草酮、6%木质素磺酸钠、5%农乳1601#、3%吐温-60#、4%农乳2201、4%萘磺酸钠、1%硅酸镁铝、4%甘油、菜籽油补足余量;
制备方法:按配方比例,将砜吡草唑、吡氟酰草胺、噁草酮、表面活性剂和其他功能性助剂依次置于反应釜中,加油混合均匀,经高速剪切,湿法砂磨,最后匀质过滤即得产品。
制备例8:45%砜吡草唑·吡氟酰草胺·噁草酮可湿性粉剂(10:10:25)
配方:10%砜吡草唑、10%吡氟酰草胺、25%噁草酮、5%烷基萘甲醛缩合物磺酸钙、6%烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚磺酸钠、3%烷基萘磺酸钠、5%滑石粉、硅藻土补足余量;
制备方法:按实施例配方比例,将砜吡草唑、吡氟酰草胺、噁草酮加入载体中,并在其中加入表面活性剂和其他功能性助剂,混合,经气流粉碎后再混合即可制得可湿性粉剂。
制备例9:45%砜吡草唑·吡氟酰草胺·噁草酮水分散粒剂(10:10:25)
配方:10%砜吡草唑、10%吡氟酰草胺、25%噁草酮、3%聚羧酸盐GY-D06、4%十二烷基硫酸钠、1%烷基磺酸钠、2%蔗糖、陶土补足余量;
制备方法:按实施例配方比例,将砜吡草唑、吡氟酰草胺、噁草酮加入载体中,并在其中加入表面活性剂和其他功能性助剂,混合,经气流粉碎后加10%~25%的水,然后经捏合、造粒、干燥、筛分制得水分散粒剂产品。
制备例10:45%砜吡草唑·吡氟酰草胺·噁草酮乳油(10:10:25)
配方:10%砜吡草唑、10%吡氟酰草胺、25%噁草酮、20%二甲基亚砜、5%脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、9%烷基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚、1%十二烷基苯磺酸钙、油酸甲酯补足余量;
制备方法:按实施例配方比例将甲基二磺隆、5-氨基乙酰丙酸加入载体中,并在其中加入表面活性剂和其他功能性助剂,在搅拌混合釜中搅拌混合均匀即可得到乳油。
实施例1
砜吡草唑、吡氟酰草胺和噁草酮复配联合作用测定及除草活性测定试验
实施例参照NY/T 1155.3-2006《农药室内生物测定试验准则除草剂第3部分:活性测定试验土壤喷雾法》、NY/T1155.7-2006《农药室内生物测定试验准则除草剂第7部分:混配的联合作用测定》。
供试药剂:93%砜吡草唑原药、97%吡氟酰草胺原药、95%噁草酮原药,均由集团研发中心提供。
供试杂草:野燕麦、雀麦、猪殃殃。
供试杂草的培养采用盆栽培养法,将预处理的供试杂草种子定量播撒于11×12cm塑料盆中,在光照培养箱中培养,采用盆体底部渗灌方式补水,保持土壤充分湿润,播种24小时后进行土壤喷雾处理,喷雾采用喷雾塔施药(ASS-4型农药喷洒***,DG8003喷头,喷雾压力2.75MPa,)。施药后自然风干,置于温室(温度20±1℃、湿度60%~65%)内继续培养,定期观察各处理对杂草的防除效果。
试验处理:每处理设置4次重复,设清水对照。
计算公式如下:
杂草鲜重防效E=(对照区鲜重-处理区鲜重)/对照区鲜重×100
杂草理论防效E0=100-(100-X)×(100-Y)×(100-Z)/10000
X——用量为P时除草剂A的杂草防效;
Y——用量为Q时除草剂B的杂草防效;
Z——用量为W时除草剂C的杂草防效;
E0——用量为(P+Q+W)时除草剂(A+B+C)的理论杂草防效;
E-E0>10%为增效作用;E-E0<-10%为拮抗作用;E-E0介于±10%为相加作用。
试验结果如表1-3所示:
表1各处理对对野燕麦的鲜重防效
表2各处理对及对雀麦的鲜重防效
表3各处理对对猪殃殃的鲜重防效
砜吡草唑、吡氟酰草胺和噁草酮复配联合作用测定及除草活性测定试验结果(表1-3)表明:砜吡草唑、吡氟酰草胺和噁草酮的复配能够明显扩大杀草谱,对冬小麦田有代表性的禾本科杂草野燕麦、雀麦及阔叶杂草猪殃殃均有优秀的防除作用,对且在90+90+300、180+180+450等多个复配比例下其实际防效较理论防效均高10%以上,证明砜吡草唑、吡氟酰草胺和噁草酮三者复配对杂草的防除具有明显的增效作用。
实施例2
2018年山东地区冬小麦田的对雀麦、播娘蒿、荠菜、猪殃殃的药效试验
试验地点:山东省聊城市阳谷县阿城镇真武庙村,试验地为小麦-玉米轮作田,一年两熟,地块平整,田间雀麦等杂草发生严重。
施药方法:使用3WBD-20型背负式喷雾器,扇形喷头喷雾处理,喷雾压力为0.15MPa,流速为800mL/min。
调查方法:
药后30d,每小区四点取样,每点测定0.25m2,记录杂草种类和株数,计算杂草株防效;计算公式:杂草株防效E=(对照区杂草株数-处理区杂草株数)/对照区杂草株数×100
试验结果如表4所示:
表4各处理对野燕麦、播娘蒿、荠菜、猪殃殃的防效
通过本试验结果分析得知:砜吡草唑·吡氟酰草胺·噁草酮混配对常见冬小麦田杂草的防除效果非常优秀,对雀麦的防除效果均在80%以上,对猪殃殃的防除效果处于87.5%-91.12%,对播娘蒿和荠菜的防除效果均达到90%以上。以上数据说明,砜吡草唑、吡氟酰草胺、噁草酮混配可有效防除冬小麦田的雀麦、播娘蒿、荠菜、猪殃殃。。
实施例3
2019年河南地区冬小麦田野燕麦、多花黑麦草、婆婆纳、繁缕的药效试验
试验地点:河南省许昌市长葛市试验基地,试验地为小麦-玉米轮作田,土壤肥沃,地势平整,小麦长势良好。
小麦种植规格:等间距种植,行距20cm。
施药方法:使用3WBD-20型背负式喷雾器,扇形喷头喷雾处理,喷雾压力为0.15MPa,流速为800mL/min。
调查方法:
调查方法:
药后30d,每小区四点取样,每点测定0.25m2,记录杂草种类和株数,计算杂草株防效;
计算公式:杂草株防效E=(对照区杂草株数-处理区杂草株数)/对照区杂草株数×100
试验结果如表5所示:
表5各处理对野燕麦、多花黑麦草、婆婆纳、繁缕的株防效
通过本次试验可以发现:砜吡草唑、吡氟酰草胺、噁草酮混配对冬小麦田多花黑麦草、婆婆纳、繁缕的防除效果非常优秀,对这三种靶标杂草的防效均在85%以上;组合物对野燕麦的防除效果略有不足,其防效在72.31%—83.59%之间,其主要原因为野燕麦属大粒杂草种子,常见药剂对其封闭效果均较差,砜吡草唑、吡氟酰草胺、噁草酮的组合物能达到此防效,已超过市场常规药剂。综上,砜吡草唑、吡氟酰草胺、噁草酮混配对于常见冬小麦田杂草的防除效果突出,是非常优异的冬小麦田除草组合物。
结果与分析:
通过室内复配联合作用测定及除草活性测定试验及山东、河南的田间试验可以发现,本发明所述砜吡草唑、吡氟酰草胺、噁草酮的组合物对冬小麦田杂草均有优秀的防除效果,扩大了杂草防治谱,延缓了杂草抗药性的产生。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的,因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种除草组合物,其特征在于,该组合物由A、B和C三种活性成分组成,其中活性成分A为砜吡草唑,活性成分B为吡氟酰草胺,活性成分C为噁草酮,所述活性成分A、B和C的重量比为(2-5):(2-5):(5-12)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述活性成分A、B、C的重量比为2:2:5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述的活性成分重量之和占总除草组合物的1%-80%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述的活性成分重量之和占总除草组合物的10%-60%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述除草组合物还包括辅助剂;所述辅助剂选自润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂、增稠剂、崩解剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、溶剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、增效剂、分散介质和载体中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述除草组合物有效成分砜吡草唑、吡氟酰草胺、噁草酮和辅助剂可以制成各种剂型。
7.根据权利6所述除草组合物,其特征在于,所述剂型包括可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、水乳剂、乳油、悬浮剂、可分散油悬浮剂。
8.根据权利7所述除草组合物,其特征在于,所述剂型为悬浮剂。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的除草组合物在防除小麦田杂草上的应用,所述的小麦田杂草为一年生禾本科杂草及阔叶杂草。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述一年生禾本科杂草为雀麦、野燕麦;所述的阔叶杂草为猪殃殃。
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