CN112768886B - Omnidirectional dual polarized antenna and wireless device - Google Patents
Omnidirectional dual polarized antenna and wireless device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112768886B CN112768886B CN202011505354.3A CN202011505354A CN112768886B CN 112768886 B CN112768886 B CN 112768886B CN 202011505354 A CN202011505354 A CN 202011505354A CN 112768886 B CN112768886 B CN 112768886B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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Abstract
The invention provides an omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna which is characterized by comprising a first substrate, wherein a vertical polarized antenna part is arranged at the center part of the first substrate, a plurality of horizontal polarized antenna parts are uniformly arranged on the first substrate around the vertical polarized antenna part, the vertical polarized antenna parts are fed through a substrate integrated waveguide to be converted into a coaxial line converter, and the plurality of horizontal polarized antenna parts are fed from the outer side of the first substrate to the center part side through the substrate integrated waveguide to be converted into a differential microstrip line converter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular to the field of antennas.
Background
With further development of wireless communication technology, the low-frequency band is not capable of meeting the increasing bandwidth demand, the china industry and communication department has allocated 24.75 to 27.5GHz frequency band to the future 5G millimeter wave communication system, and the frequency of the communication system is moving to higher frequency, so that the communication industry has a necessary trend. As a standard of a 2G and 3G, LTE indoor distribution system, an omni-directional dual-polarized antenna has been widely studied, but in most cases, a directional antenna, a leaky-wave antenna and an end-fire antenna are adopted in the millimeter wave antenna field, and an omni-directional antenna, particularly a dual-polarized millimeter wave antenna, is rarely adopted. For this reason, the horizontal polarization feed network of the conventional omni-directional antenna is located inside the horizontal polarization antenna, but because the millimeter wave antenna structure is too tiny, and meanwhile, the millimeter wave feed network is commonly used as a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) with a larger size, the horizontal polarization inside of the omni-directional millimeter wave antenna is not contained in the substrate integrated waveguide feed network.
It is known to use a substrate integrated waveguide cavity as an equipartition network to feed an omnidirectional horizontally polarized millimeter wave antenna, but because of the large waveguide cavity structure, a vertically polarized antenna is difficult to add, and only a single polarized (horizontally polarized) omnidirectional millimeter wave antenna is available.
An omni-directional millimeter wave antenna is known to be horizontally single polarized. The basic structure of the antenna is similar to that of a low-frequency omnidirectional horizontally polarized antenna, dipole units are arranged in a surrounding mode, and an energy-sharing network is arranged in the middle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems
However, the inventors have found that the horizontal single polarized omnidirectional millimeter wave antenna described above uses a substrate integrated waveguide cavity to divide the energy equally due to the large size of the substrate integrated waveguide structure. But this structure no longer incorporates a vertically polarized antenna section because the feed of the vertically polarized antenna cannot pass through the middle of the waveguide cavity. The conical radiation pattern is realized by adopting the reflector with the shape of a truncated cone, and the gain is only 4-6dBi although the bandwidth is wider.
The inventor also found that in practical use, the omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna is mounted on an indoor ceiling, and the radiation direction is actually inclined downwards, so that the conical radiation mode can meet the coverage range. Meanwhile, compared with the conventional doughnut-shaped omnidirectional radiation, the conical omnidirectional radiation has the advantages that the beam is contracted, so that the gain is higher, and the conical omnidirectional radiation is more suitable for the field of millimeter wave antennas.
In view of the above-described technical problems, it is an object of some embodiments of the present invention to provide an omni-directional dual polarized antenna that can be used in the millimeter wave band.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, it is an object to provide an omni-directional dual polarized antenna capable of being used in a millimeter wave band, which is capable of achieving at least one of a low cross polarization level, a high port isolation, a low out-of-roundness, and a high gain characteristic.
According to other embodiments of the present invention, it is an object to provide a wireless device having the above-mentioned omni-directional dual polarized antenna.
Technical scheme for solving technical problems
According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an omni-directional dual polarized antenna characterized by comprising a first substrate, a vertical polarized antenna part being provided at a central part of the first substrate, a plurality of horizontal polarized antenna parts being uniformly provided around the vertical polarized antenna part on the first substrate, the vertical polarized antenna parts being fed via a substrate integrated waveguide to coaxial line converter, the plurality of horizontal polarized antenna parts being fed from an outer side of the first substrate to a central part side via a substrate integrated waveguide to differential microstrip line converter.
Therefore, by arranging the vertical polarization antenna part and the horizontal polarization antenna part on the same substrate, the dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna is realized, the special design of horizontal polarization is realized, the installation of vertical polarization is possible, and the dual-polarized performance is realized. Specifically, the horizontally polarized antenna section is disposed around the vertically polarized antenna section, and the feed direction of the horizontally polarized antenna section is from the outside of the first substrate to the center portion side, i.e., from outside to inside, unlike the conventional inside-out form, which can leave a place for installation of the vertically polarized antenna section. And, with the substrate integrated waveguide-to-differential microstrip line converter, the horizontally polarized antenna section is fed (for example, the horizontally polarized dipole unit of the horizontally polarized antenna section is fed), and the influence on the vertical polarization is small. In addition, by the horizontally polarized antenna section (for example, including six horizontally polarized dipole units disposed around) disposed around the vertically polarized antenna section, a loop current path is realized, thereby realizing conical omnidirectional radiation with low out-of-roundness. In addition, a vertical polarized antenna part is arranged at the center part of the first substrate, and the substrate integrated waveguide is used for converting the feed of the coaxial line converter to the feed of the coaxial line converter, so that an installation position is reserved for the horizontal polarized antenna part.
According to some embodiments, a director is mounted at the upper end of the vertically polarized antenna section.
The vertical polarized antenna part is installed at the center part of the first substrate, and the coaxial line converter is converted to feed through the substrate integrated waveguide, so that an installation position is reserved for the horizontal polarized antenna part, the ground plane of the vertical polarized antenna part is relatively large, the vertical polarized radiation direction pattern can be split, and the maximum gain is reduced.
The bottom of perpendicular polarization antenna portion is equipped with perpendicular polarization radiation paster, be equipped with the support between director and the perpendicular polarization radiation paster, the director is by the support.
Thus, supporting the directors via the brackets may result in suppressed split of the vertically polarized antenna parts, the antenna being restored to conical radiation and gain being higher, because of the better directivity of a large ground plane compared to a small ground plane.
In some embodiments, the omni-directional dual polarized antenna further comprises a second substrate provided with a feed network of vertically polarized antenna sections and a third substrate provided with a power division feed network of said horizontally polarized antenna sections.
Thereby, feeding of the omni-directional vertically polarized antenna part and feeding of each unit of the horizontally polarized antenna part are realized.
In some embodiments, the feeding network of the vertically polarized antenna part on the second substrate is provided with a rectangular waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter, a substrate integrated waveguide and a substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line converter, and the rectangular waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter feeds the vertically polarized antenna part of the first substrate through the substrate integrated waveguide and then through the substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line converter. Therefore, energy is transferred into the substrate integrated waveguide through the rectangular waveguide-substrate integrated waveguide converter, and transferred into the vertical polarized antenna part from the substrate integrated waveguide through the substrate integrated waveguide-coaxial line converter, so that the feeding of the vertical polarized antenna part is realized.
In some embodiments, a rectangular waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter, a power diversity waveguide, and a substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line conversion vertical interconnection structure are disposed on the power division feed network of the horizontally polarized antenna portion on the third substrate, the substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line conversion vertical interconnection structure is disposed across the first substrate, the second substrate, and the third substrate, and the rectangular waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter feeds the horizontally polarized antenna portion of the first substrate via the power diversity waveguide, the substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line conversion vertical interconnection structure, the substrate integrated waveguide-to-differential microstrip line converter. The power is transferred into the substrate integrated waveguide through the rectangular waveguide to substrate integrated waveguide converter and is divided into waveguides, the power is transferred into each substrate integrated waveguide to the coaxial line to convert the vertical interconnection structure through the power dividing and dividing waveguide converter, and then the power is fed to each horizontal polarized antenna part of the first layer through the substrate integrated waveguide to the differential microstrip line converter, so that the power feeding to the horizontal polarized antenna part is realized. The substrate integrated waveguide is converted into the coaxial line conversion vertical interconnection structure, so that the output and input directions can be rotated randomly, and the substrate integrated waveguide has the characteristics of wide bandwidth, low loss and rotatability.
In some embodiments, the integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line conversion vertical interconnect structure includes an integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line/coaxial line-to-integrated waveguide converter disposed at a position on the first substrate and a third substrate that correspond to each other and an integrated coaxial line on the second substrate. In some embodiments, the coaxial lines may also be integrated with metallized vias instead of the substrate.
In some embodiments, the substrate integrated waveguide differential microstrip line converter is disposed on the first substrate, and the substrate integrated waveguide differential microstrip line converter guides the substrate integrated waveguide current on the lower surface of the first substrate to the upper surface of the first substrate through the metallized via hole, and forms a differential microstrip line with the substrate integrated waveguide on the upper surface of the first substrate.
Thereby enabling feeding of each horizontally polarized antenna.
In some embodiments, the omni-directional dual polarized antenna further comprises a metal rail disposed over the first substrate. The gain of the vertical polarized antenna part and the gain of the horizontal polarized antenna part are further increased, the out-of-roundness is reduced, and conical radiation is realized.
According to some embodiments of the present invention there is also provided a wireless device comprising an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to any of the preceding embodiments.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
According to some embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to provide an omni-directional dual polarized antenna capable of being used in a millimeter wave band,
according to some embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided an omni-directional dual polarized antenna capable of being used in a millimeter wave band, which is capable of achieving at least one of a low cross polarization level, a high port isolation, a low out-of-roundness, and a high gain characteristic.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a wireless device provided with the above-described omni-directional dual polarized antenna.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing the structure of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are a top view and a bottom view, respectively, of a first substrate of an omni-directional dual-polarized antenna representing one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b) are top and bottom views, respectively, of a second substrate of the omni-directional dual-polarized antenna, which represents one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b) are top and bottom views, respectively, of a third substrate of an omni-directional dual-polarized antenna, which represents one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a metal fence of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing dual polarization of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing a substrate integrated waveguide-to-differential microstrip line structure and an end dipole structure of an omni-directional dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an exploded perspective view showing the structure of a vertically polarized antenna unit of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 (a) is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a vertically polarized antenna unit of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 (b) is a block diagram showing a substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line converter for feeding a vertically polarized antenna section of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 (a) is an exploded perspective view showing a substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line conversion vertical interconnection structure of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 (b) is a diagram showing a substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line converter of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 (c) is a diagram showing a structure of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is composed of metallized vias, for integrating coaxial lines instead of a substrate.
Fig. 11 is a graph showing port isolation S21 of the omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a graph showing the horizontal polarization S11 and the maximum gain of the omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 13 shows the vertical polarization S22 and the maximum gain of the omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a horizontal polarization pattern at 25GHz, 26GHz, and 27GHz showing an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a vertical polarization pattern at 25GHz, 26GHz, and 27GHz showing an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Some embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers may be used in different drawings to identify the same or similar elements. In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as particular structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of various aspects of the claimed invention. However, it will be apparent to one having ordinary skill in the art having had the benefit of the present disclosure, that the various aspects of the invention claimed may be practiced in other examples that depart from these specific details. In some instances, descriptions of well-known devices, apparatuses, structures, methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure with unnecessary detail.
In the following description, various aspects of the exemplary embodiments will be described using terms commonly employed by those skilled in the art to convey the substance of the invention to those skilled in the art. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that alternative embodiments may be implemented using only some of the various aspects illustrated.
In addition, for purposes of explanation, specific numbers, materials and/or configurations are disclosed in order to provide a thorough understanding of the example embodiments. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that alternative embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, descriptions of well-known features are omitted or simplified in order not to obscure the illustrative embodiments.
In this document, terms such as "some embodiments," "one embodiment," and the like will be used repeatedly. The term may refer to either the same embodiment or different embodiments. The terms "comprising," "having," and "including" are synonymous, unless the context indicates otherwise, and mean that one or more elements are included therein, but not excluding the addition of other elements. The phrase "a or B" means (a), (B) or (a and B). "either A or B" means that only one of A and B is selected.
Herein, "millimeter wave band" includes a millimeter wave band of an electromagnetic wave band having a wavelength of 1 to 10 mm and a sub-millimeter wave band of a band close to millimeter waves. For example, for fifth generation communications (5G), the millimeter wave band may vary from country to country or region to region, which is approximately in the range of 25-39 GHz. For example, the 5G millimeter wave band published by the China government may be a 24.75-27.5GHz band. However, the filter antenna of the present invention is not limited to the communication of the millimeter wave band described above, but may be applied to various kinds of communication utilizing the millimeter wave band.
In some implementations, the wireless device hosting the omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna of the present invention may be one or more of a smart phone, a tablet computing device, a laptop computer, an internet of things (IoT) device, an in-vehicle communication device, a base station device, and/or other type of computing device configured to provide wireless communication. In addition, the base station device may have other names, such as a base station device for fifth generation communication, may also be referred to as a gNB device, or the like. In one embodiment, the omni-directional dual polarized antenna of the present invention is, for example, an indoor distributed antenna.
Hereinafter, an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to some embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing the structure of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are a top view and a bottom view, respectively, of a first substrate of an omni-directional dual-polarized antenna representing one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b) are top and bottom views, respectively, of a second substrate of the omni-directional dual-polarized antenna, which represents one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b) are top and bottom views, respectively, of a third substrate of an omni-directional dual-polarized antenna, which represents one embodiment of the present invention.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2 (a), the omni-directional dual polarized antenna 100 includes a first substrate 101, a vertical polarized antenna part 1012 is provided at a center part of the first substrate 101, and a plurality of horizontal polarized antenna parts 1011 are uniformly provided on the first substrate 101 around the vertical polarized antenna part 1012, wherein the vertical polarized antenna part 1012 is fed via a substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line converter 1016 (see fig. 3 (a)), and the plurality of horizontal polarized antenna parts 1011 are fed from an outside to a center part side of the first substrate 101 via the substrate integrated waveguide-to-differential microstrip line converter 1018. The number of horizontally polarized antenna sections 1011 is arbitrary, and for example, in one embodiment, six.
In this embodiment mode, the horizontally polarized antenna section 1011 is disposed around the vertically polarized antenna section 1012, and the feeding direction of the horizontally polarized antenna section 1012 is from the outside of the first substrate 101 to the center side, that is, from the outside to the inside, unlike the conventional form of from the inside to the outside, it is possible to set aside the mounting of the vertically polarized antenna section 1012, and the horizontally polarized antenna section 1012 (for example, the horizontally polarized dipole element of the horizontally polarized antenna section 1012) is fed by the substrate-integrated waveguide-rotating differential microstrip line converter 1018, with less influence on the vertical polarization. In addition, by the plurality of horizontally polarized antenna sections 1011 (for example, including six horizontally polarized dipole units arranged around) arranged around the vertically polarized antenna section 1012, a circular current path is realized, thereby realizing conical omnidirectional radiation with low out-of-roundness. In addition, a vertical polarized antenna portion 1012 is mounted in the center portion of the first substrate 101, and fed via a substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line converter 1016, leaving a mounting position for the horizontal polarized antenna portion 1011. Thus, by providing the vertical polarized antenna portion 1012 and the horizontal polarized antenna portion 1011 on the same first substrate 101, an omni-directional antenna of dual polarization is realized, and a special design of horizontal polarization makes mounting of vertical polarization possible, realizing dual polarization performance.
In one embodiment, fig. 2 (a) is an upper surface of the first substrate 101, and fig. 2 (b) is a lower surface of the first substrate 101. The first substrate 101 is centered on a vertically polarized input 1013 and energy is obtained from a substrate integrated waveguide to coaxial transducer 1016 of the second substrate 102, described below. The dashed box has an internal structure of a horizontally polarized antenna section 1011 including a substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line converter/coaxial line-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter 10171 and a substrate integrated waveguide-to-differential microstrip line converter 1018, so that energy is converted from a coaxial line to a substrate integrated waveguide through the substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line converter/coaxial line-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter 10171, and then converted from the substrate integrated waveguide to a differential microstrip line through the substrate integrated waveguide-to-differential microstrip line converter 1018, to feed the terminal dipole.
In fig. 2 (b), 1018 shows the structure of a substrate integrated waveguide-to-differential microstrip line converter 1018 (six dark rectangular sections, e.g., coated with a conductive material such as copper).
Fig. 7 shows a substrate integrated waveguide-to-differential microstrip line structure and an end dipole structure of an omni-directional dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. Because the current directions of the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate integrated waveguide are opposite, namely the phases are 180 degrees different, the current of the lower surface of the substrate integrated waveguide can be led to the upper surface of the dielectric plate through the metallized via hole, and a differential microstrip line is formed with the upper surface of the substrate integrated waveguide. However, since the metallized via hole introduces a certain phase shift, the phase is compensated by bending the right microstrip line by a small portion, so that the phase difference is exactly 180 degrees. As shown in fig. 7, a dipole 10110, which is, for example, arc-shaped, is connected to the end of the horizontally polarized antenna section 1011 and the substrate integrated waveguide differential microstrip line structure, but is not limited thereto.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the omni-directional dual polarized antenna 100 further includes a second substrate 102, a third substrate 103. The second substrate 102 is provided with a feed network to the vertically polarized antenna section 1012. The third substrate 103 is provided with a power division feed network of the horizontally polarized antenna section 1011. Thereby, feeding to the omni-directional vertically polarized antenna portions 1012 and feeding to the respective horizontally polarized antenna portions 1011 are realized.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the feeding network of the vertically polarized antenna part 1012 on the second substrate 102 is provided with a rectangular waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter 1015, a substrate integrated waveguide 1019, and a substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line converter 1016, and the rectangular waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter 1015 feeds the vertically polarized antenna part 1012 of the first substrate 101 through the substrate integrated waveguide 1019 and then through the substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line converter 1016. Thus, energy is transferred into the substrate integrated waveguide 1019 through the rectangular waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter 1015, and is transferred through the substrate integrated waveguide 1019, and then transferred from the substrate integrated waveguide 1019 into the vertically polarized antenna portion 1012 through the substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line converter 1016, thereby realizing feeding to the vertically polarized antenna portion 1012.
In one embodiment, fig. 3 (a) is an upper surface of the second substrate 102 and fig. 3 (b) is a lower surface. The waveguide (not shown) inputs energy to the integrated waveguide 1019 through the rectangular waveguide-to-integrated waveguide converter 1015, which is then converted to a coaxial output by the integrated waveguide-to-coaxial converter 1016, which is coupled to the vertically polarized input 1013 of fig. 2 (a). The six dark rectangles in fig. 3 (a) correspond to the dark rectangles in fig. 2 (b), with overlapping positions. Six horizontally polarized antenna sections 1011 are connected to six horizontally polarized inputs 1014. The dark rectangle in fig. 3 (b) is the location of the waveguide energy input. Here, the waveguide is, for example, WR-34, but not limited thereto.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b), a rectangular waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter 1025, a power diversity waveguide 1026, and a substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line conversion vertical interconnection structure 1017 (see fig. 1 and 10 (a) -10 (c)) are provided on the power distribution feed network of the horizontally polarized antenna section 1011 on the third substrate 103, and the substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line conversion vertical interconnection structure 1017 is provided across the first, second, and third substrates 101, 102, 103. The rectangular waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter 1025 feeds the horizontally polarized antenna section 1011 of the first substrate 101 via the power diversity waveguide 1026, the substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line conversion vertical interconnection structure 1017, the substrate integrated waveguide-to-differential microstrip line converter 1018. Thus, the rectangular waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter 1025 converts energy into power and divides the power into waveguides 1026, the power and divides the power into waveguides 1026, and the power and divides the power into the substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line conversion vertical interconnection structure 1017, and the power is fed to each horizontal polarization antenna unit 1011 of the first substrate 101 via the substrate integrated waveguide-to-differential microstrip line converter 1018, thereby feeding the horizontal polarization antenna unit 1011. In one embodiment, the rectangular waveguide to substrate integrated waveguide converter 1025 feeds the power diversity waveguide 1026, the power diversity waveguide 1026 feeds one-way-three-way-subdivision six-substrate integrated waveguide, and then energy is transferred to the first substrate 101 through the substrate integrated waveguide to coaxial line conversion vertical interconnect 1017.
In one embodiment, fig. 4 (a) is an upper surface of the third substrate 103, and fig. 4 (b) is a lower surface. The third substrate 103 may be a circular plate with a portion of the plate structure cut away so that it can leave a place for rectangular waveguides (e.g., WR-34 waveguides) of the vertical polarization input 1013. In fig. 4 (a), what is known as a waveguide (e.g., WR-34 waveguide) transmits energy to the power diversity waveguide 1026 through a rectangular waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter 1025. The power dividing waveguide 1026 is a 1-division 3-division power divider in the middle as shown in fig. 4 (a) and fig. 4 (b), and 3 paths are divided into 6-substrate integrated waveguides, and each path has equal amplitude and equal phase. Finally, the horizontal polarization input 1014 in fig. 3 (a) is connected upward through the integrated waveguide-to-coaxial/coaxial-to-integrated waveguide converter 10171, wherein the integrated waveguide-to-coaxial/coaxial-to-integrated waveguide converter 10171 shown in fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the horizontal polarization input 1014 shown in fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b), and the integrated waveguide-to-coaxial/coaxial-to-integrated waveguide converter 10171 shown in fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b) together form an integrated waveguide-to-coaxial conversion vertical interconnection structure.
By adopting the substrate integrated waveguide to coaxial line conversion vertical interconnection structure 1017, the output and input directions can be rotated randomly, and the device has the characteristics of wide bandwidth, low loss and rotatability.
Fig. 10 (a) is an exploded perspective view showing a substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line conversion vertical interconnection structure of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 10 (b) shows a substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line converter of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 10 (c) shows a structure of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is composed of metallized vias, for replacing coaxial lines.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 10 (a) to 10 (c), the substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line conversion vertical interconnection structure 1017 includes a substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line/coaxial line-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter 10171 disposed at a position corresponding to each other on the first substrate 101 and the third substrate 103, and a substrate integrated coaxial line 1014 disposed on the second substrate 102. In some embodiments, the coaxial lines may also be replaced with metallized vias as shown in fig. 10 (c). In one embodiment, to ensure current conduction of the integrated waveguide to coaxial/coaxial to integrated waveguide converter 10171, integrated coaxial 1014, integrated waveguide to coaxial/integrated waveguide to integrated waveguide converter 10171 disposed on the first substrate 101, second substrate 102, third substrate 103 respectively, a conductive wire is inserted in the metallized via (at the dashed line in fig. 1 and 10 (a)). The material of the conductive wire is, for example, copper wire, but not limited thereto. In addition, as shown in fig. 10 (b), the input and output end structures of the substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line/coaxial line-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter 10171 provided at the positions corresponding to each other on the first substrate 101 and the third substrate 103 are equal in size.
In one embodiment, the third substrate 103, the second substrate 102, and the first substrate 101 are stacked in order with upper and lower plate centers and upper and lower plate electrical connection points aligned from bottom to top, wherein the rectangular waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter 1015 and the rectangular waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter 1025 are disposed away from each other, for example, at both ends in one direction (e.g., diameter direction) (as shown in fig. 3 (a) and 4 (b)), which also improves port isolation. In the present embodiment, the materials of the first substrate 101, the second substrate 102, and the third substrate 103 may be any materials as long as they can satisfy the antenna performance, and for example, an FR4 dielectric plate, preferably a Rogers 5880 dielectric plate, is used. The shape of the first substrate 101, the second substrate 102, and the third substrate 103 may be any shape as long as the antenna performance is satisfied, but in view of the antenna arrangement and the manufacturing process, a substantially circular plate (including a shape in which a part is cut out from a circular shape, a shape in which a tongue or a lug is added to a circular shape, and a shape in which both are combined) is preferable. The dimensions (e.g., radii) of the first substrate 101, the second substrate 102, and the third substrate 103 may be such that the dimensions of the vertical polarized antenna portion 1012 and the horizontal polarized antenna portion 1011 can be mounted and the antenna performance can be satisfied. The thicknesses of the first substrate 101, the second substrate 102, and the third substrate 103 may be, for example, 0.787m as long as they can satisfy the antenna performance.
Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing dual polarization of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment as shown above, the horizontal polarization feed is outside-in. The center position is the vertical polarization formed by the monopole patch antenna. The surrounding is horizontally polarized, and through differential feeding, current on the dipole can flow in the same direction, and six currents are combined into annular current, so that omnidirectional conical radiation is realized.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the omni-directional dual polarized antenna 100 further comprises a metal rail 104 disposed over the first substrate 101.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a metal fence of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. By providing the metal rail 104, the gains of the vertically polarized antenna part and the horizontally polarized antenna part are further increased, the out-of-roundness is reduced, and conical radiation is realized.
Fig. 8 is an exploded perspective view showing the structure of a vertically polarized antenna unit of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9 (a) is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a vertically polarized antenna unit of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9 (b) is a block diagram showing a substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line converter for feeding a vertically polarized antenna section of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 8, a director 10121 is mounted at the upper end of the vertically polarized antenna portion 1012. The vertical polarized antenna part 1012 is mounted at the center part of the first substrate 101 and fed through the substrate integrated waveguide to the coaxial line converter 1016, leaving the mounting position for the horizontal polarized antenna part 1011, resulting in a relatively large ground plane of the vertical polarized antenna part 1012, which may cause the vertical polarized radiation pattern to split, reducing the maximum gain, but in the present embodiment, by mounting the director 10121 at the upper end of the vertical polarized antenna part, the radiation pattern of the vertical polarized antenna part 1012 is optimized, the maximum gain is increased, and the cross polarization is reduced.
In one embodiment, the bottom of the vertically polarized antenna portion 1012 is provided with a vertically polarized radiation patch 10123, and a bracket 10122 is provided between the director 10121 and the vertically polarized radiation patch 10123, and the director 10121 is supported by the bracket 10122.
The vertically polarized radiating patch 10123 forms a basic monopole patch antenna with the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102, which produces better conical radiation when the ground plane is small, but leaves room for mounting horizontal polarization, and the antenna uses a larger ground plane, thus resulting in split radiation patterns and reduced maximum gain. The addition of the directors 10121 and brackets 10122 allows the antenna to resume conical radiation with higher gain due to better directivity for a large ground plane than for a small ground plane.
Fig. 9 (a) shows the structure of a vertically polarized antenna part 1012, wherein the upper left view shows a director 10121, the upper right view shows a vertically polarized radiation patch 10123, and the lower left and lower right views show a bracket, which can be engaged with each other. Fig. 9 (b) shows a substrate integrated waveguide to coaxial line converter 1016 for feeding a vertically polarized antenna.
According to the embodiments described above, it is possible to provide an omni-directional dual polarized antenna capable of being used in a millimeter wave band, which can achieve low cross polarization level, high port isolation, low out-of-roundness, high gain characteristics.
Fig. 11 is a graph showing port isolation S21 of the omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the vertical axis represents the port isolation S21, and the horizontal axis represents the frequency. As shown in fig. 11, the omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna of one embodiment of the present invention has an in-bandwidth isolation of less than-21 dB, with excellent port isolation.
Fig. 12 is a graph showing S11 and maximum gain of horizontal polarization of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the vertical axis represents the horizontal polarization S11 and the maximum gain, and the horizontal axis represents the frequency. As shown in fig. 12, the bandwidth of the omni-directional dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention is 24.4-27.2GHz (10.8%), the gain is 10.6-12.2dBi, and the horizontal polarization satisfies the millimeter wave bandwidth requirement, and has a high gain characteristic.
Fig. 13 is a diagram showing S22 and maximum gain of vertical polarization of an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the vertical axis represents S22 of vertical polarization and the maximum gain, and the horizontal axis represents frequency. As shown in fig. 13, the bandwidth of the omni-directional dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention is 24.5-28.1GHz (13.7%), the gain is 8.1-8.9dBi, and the vertical polarization satisfies the millimeter wave bandwidth requirement, and has a high gain characteristic.
Fig. 14 is a horizontal polarization pattern at 25GHz, 26GHz, and 27GHz showing an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. The left hand graph in the figure shows the pattern in the XOZ plane and the right hand graph shows the pattern at the maximum gain angle θ. As can be seen from fig. 14, the omni-directional dual-polarized antenna according to one embodiment of the present invention has a horizontal polarization maximum gain direction angle of θ=16° at 25GHz, 26GHz and 27GHz, and has low out-of-roundness of 0.3dB, 0.5dB and 0.7dB, respectively. The cross polarization was 21.1dB, 17.8dB and 16.9dB, respectively, with low cross polarization levels.
Fig. 15 is a vertical polarization pattern at 25GHz, 26GHz, and 27GHz showing an omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. The left hand graph in the figure shows the pattern in the XOZ plane and the right hand graph shows the pattern at the maximum gain angle θ. As can be seen from the figure, the omni-directional dual-polarized antenna according to one embodiment of the present invention has a vertical polarization maximum gain direction angle of θ=20° at 25GHz and 26GHz, and a vertical polarization maximum gain direction angle of θ=34° at 27GHz, and the out-of-roundness is 0.35B, 0.6dB, and 0.8dB, respectively, and the out-of-roundness is low. The cross polarization was 30.8dB, 25.0dB and 20.6dB, respectively, with low cross polarization levels.
It can be seen that according to some embodiments of the present invention, an omni-directional dual polarized antenna capable of being used in the millimeter wave band, which can achieve low cross polarization level, high port isolation, low out-of-roundness, high gain characteristics, can be provided.
In addition, according to some embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a wireless device provided with the above-mentioned omni-directional dual-polarized antenna. The wireless devices may be one or more of a smart phone, tablet computing device, laptop computer, internet of things (IoT) device, in-vehicle communication device, base station device, and/or other type of computing device configured to provide wireless communication.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other modes, and various omissions, substitutions, and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and spirit of the present invention, and are included in the scope and spirit of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna is characterized by comprising a first substrate, wherein a vertical polarized antenna part is arranged at the central part of the first substrate, a plurality of horizontal polarized antenna parts are uniformly arranged on the first substrate around the vertical polarized antenna part, the vertical polarized antenna parts are fed through a substrate integrated waveguide to coaxial line converter, and the plurality of horizontal polarized antenna parts are fed from the outer side of the first substrate to the central part side through the substrate integrated waveguide to differential microstrip line converter.
2. The omni-directional dual polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein a director is installed at an upper end of the vertical polarized antenna part.
3. The omni-directional dual polarized antenna of claim 2, wherein a bottom of the vertically polarized antenna section is provided with a vertically polarized radiation patch, a bracket is provided between the director and the vertically polarized radiation patch, and the director is supported by the bracket.
4. The omni-directional dual polarized antenna of claim 1, further comprising a second substrate provided with a feed network of the vertically polarized antenna section and a third substrate provided with a power division feed network of the horizontally polarized antenna section.
5. The omni-directional dual polarized antenna of claim 4, wherein the feed network of the vertically polarized antenna section on the second substrate is provided with a rectangular waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter, a substrate integrated waveguide, and the substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line converter, the rectangular waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter feeding the vertically polarized antenna section of the first substrate through the substrate integrated waveguide and then through the substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line converter.
6. The omni-directional dual-polarized antenna according to claim 4, wherein a rectangular waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter, a power diversity waveguide and a substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line conversion vertical interconnection structure are arranged on the power division feed network of the horizontal polarized antenna part on the third substrate, the substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line conversion vertical interconnection structure is arranged across the first substrate, the second substrate and the third substrate, and the rectangular waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide converter feeds the horizontal polarized antenna part of the first substrate through the power diversity waveguide, the substrate integrated waveguide-to-coaxial line conversion vertical interconnection structure and the substrate integrated waveguide-to-differential microstrip line converter.
7. The omni-directional dual polarized antenna of claim 6, wherein the substrate integrated waveguide to coaxial line conversion vertical interconnect structure comprises a first substrate integrated waveguide to coaxial line or a coaxial line to substrate integrated waveguide converter disposed at a position corresponding to each other on the first substrate and the third substrate and a substrate integrated coaxial line disposed on the second substrate.
8. The omni-directional dual-polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the substrate integrated waveguide to differential microstrip line converter is disposed on the first substrate, and wherein the substrate integrated waveguide to differential microstrip line converter directs a substrate integrated waveguide current of a lower surface of the first substrate to an upper surface of the first substrate through a metallized via, and forms a differential microstrip line with a substrate integrated waveguide of the upper surface of the first substrate.
9. The omni-directional dual polarized antenna of claim 1, further comprising: a metal rail disposed over the first substrate.
10. A wireless device comprising the omni-directional dual polarized antenna of any of claims 1-9.
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