CN112768259A - Preparation method and application of MXene derivative/metal nano composite material - Google Patents

Preparation method and application of MXene derivative/metal nano composite material Download PDF

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CN112768259A
CN112768259A CN202011607918.4A CN202011607918A CN112768259A CN 112768259 A CN112768259 A CN 112768259A CN 202011607918 A CN202011607918 A CN 202011607918A CN 112768259 A CN112768259 A CN 112768259A
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mxene
derivative
metal
composite material
amx
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CN112768259B (en
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李子炯
尚翠
张腊梅
谢罗刚
郭东方
代海洋
朱祥
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Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • H01G11/86Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/24Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • H01G11/30Electrodes characterised by their material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13Energy storage using capacitors

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of MXene derivative/metal nano composite material, wherein MXene Ti is prepared3C2、H2O2Dispersing in KOH solution, magnetically stirring, and transferring to an autoclave for hydrothermal reaction at 140 ℃ for 12 h. Washing with deionized water, and vacuum drying to obtain MXene derivative (AMX). Mixing and dispersing AMX powder, metal salt M and polyvinylpyrrolidone k-30 in ethylene glycol, magnetically stirring, transferring into an autoclave, and performing hydrothermal treatment at 160 ℃ for 3 hours. And washing the product with deionized water, and drying in vacuum to obtain the MXene derivative/metal nano composite material. The MXene derivative/metal composite material synthesized by one step by a hydrothermal method is used as an electrode material of a supercapacitor, has good electrochemical energy storage characteristics, and the preparation method has a simple processLow cost, environmental protection, strong repeatability, capability of being prepared in large scale and the like.

Description

Preparation method and application of MXene derivative/metal nano composite material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of nano materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of an MXene derivative/metal nano composite material.
Background
With the rapid development and application of modern electronic devices, especially portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, there is an increasing demand for low-cost, high-performance and environmentally-friendly energy storage devices. The super capacitor has attracted people's attention in the last decade because of its high power density, fast charge and discharge rate, high cycle stability and other characteristics. An emerging two-dimensional MXene material has been receiving attention since the advent. However, the interlayer structure of the MXene sheets is difficult to support by weak van der Waals force, and the MXene sheets are easy to stack in the preparation process of the electrode material, so that the performance of the electrode is greatly influenced. In addition, MXene materials have limited applications in many areas due to their generally low mass to capacitance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of an MXene derivative/metal nano composite material (AMX-M) and energy storage application thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of MXene derivative/metal nano composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing MXene Ti3C2Dispersing in KOH solution, adding H2O2Magnetically stirring for 1 h to obtain a mixed solution A;
(2) transferring the mixed solution A in the step (1) into an autoclave, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 12 h at 140 ℃;
(3) washing the product subjected to the hydrothermal reaction in the step (2) by using deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant becomes neutral;
(4) drying the sample washed in the step (3) in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain an MXene derivative with a three-dimensional structure, namely, a spheroidically Alkalized MXene (AMX);
(5) dispersing powdered MXene derivatives, metal salt M and polyvinylpyrrolidone k-30 in ethylene glycol, and magnetically stirring for 2h under simulated sunlight to obtain a mixed solution B;
(6) transferring the mixed solution B in the step (5) into an autoclave, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 160 ℃ for 3 hours;
(7) and (4) respectively cleaning the product obtained after the hydrothermal reaction in the step (6) by using deionized water and ethanol, and performing vacuum drying for 12 h at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the MXene derivative/metal nano composite material.
Further, the concentration of the KOH solution in the step (1) is 1M, H2O2Is 30 percent of industrial grade hydrogen peroxide.
Further, in the step (1), 200 mg of MXene Ti is added3C2On a basis, 60 mL of KOH solution and H are required2O21.36 mL。
Further, the metal salt M in the step (5) is at least one of zinc chloride, copper nitrate or silver nitrate.
Further, in the step (5), 0.3 mmol of the metal salt M and 60mg of polyvinylpyrrolidone k-30 based on 200 mg of the MXene derivative were required.
The MXene derivative/metal nano composite material prepared by the preparation method of the MXene derivative/metal nano composite material is applied to a super capacitor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: a Xene-derived material having a three-dimensional structure can be synthesized by alkalizing Xene, but the conductivity is decreased. The invention improves the conductivity of the Xene derivative material and improves the capacitance performance of the electrode material through metal ion intercalation treatment. The storage capacity and the number of redox centers of the product can be further increased through a series of treatments, thereby improving the capacitance performance and the ion/charge transport kinetics in electrochemical energy storage. The excellent performances of the MXene material are organically combined, which has important significance for the deep design of the electrochemical performance of the MXene material. The three-dimensional alkalized MXene/metal composite material (AMX-M) is synthesized in one step by a hydrothermal method and used as an electrode material of a super capacitor, and the three-dimensional alkalized MXene/metal composite material has good electrochemical energy storage characteristics. The preparation method has the advantages of simple process, low cost, environmental friendliness, strong repeatability, capability of large-scale preparation and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation process of the MXene derivative/metal composite material (AMX-M) of the invention.
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of AMX-M in an example of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an SEM image of an MXene material in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an SEM image of an AMX material in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is an SEM picture of AMX-Zn material in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an SEM image of AMX-Ag material in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an SEM image of an AMX-Cu material in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an SEM image of an AMX-AC material in example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a constant current charge and discharge spectrum of MXene electrode in 6M KOH.
FIG. 10 is a constant current charge and discharge spectrum of AMX electrode in 6M KOH in the example of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a constant current charge and discharge spectrum of three electrodes of AMX-Zn electrode in 6M KOH in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a constant current charge and discharge spectrum of three electrodes of AMX-Ag electrode in 6M KOH according to the present invention in example 2.
FIG. 13 is a constant current charge and discharge spectrum of three electrodes of AMX-Cu electrode in 6M KOH in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a constant current charge and discharge spectrum of three electrodes of AMX-AC electrode in 6M KOH in example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a plot of the AC impedance of three electrodes in 6M KOH for an assembled supercapacitor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a long cycle cycling stability test of three electrodes in 6M KOH for AMX-AC electrodes in example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a graph of the specific capacitance and coulombic efficiency of AMX-AC versus the number of constant current charge and discharge cycles.
Detailed Description
The following examples will further illustrate the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. The experimental procedures, in which specific conditions are not noted in the following examples, are generally carried out under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturers.
Example 1
The MXene derivative/metal composite (AMX-Zn) of this example was prepared as follows:
(1) firstly 200 mg MXene Ti3C2Dispersed in 60 mL of 1M KOH solution, and 1.36 mL of H was added2O2(30%, AR) magnetically stirred for 1 h.
(2) Transferring the mixed solution in the step (1) to an autoclave, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 140 ℃ for 12 h.
(3) Washing the product in step (2) with deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant becomes neutral,
(4) finally, the sample is placed in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for drying for 12 hours, and the MXene derivative with a three-dimensional structure, namely, the spherical Alkalized MXene (AMX), is obtained.
(5) 200 mg of AMX powder, 0.3 mmol of ZnCl2And 60mg polyvinylpyrrolidone k-30 dispersed in 40 mL of ethylene glycol and magnetically stirred under simulated sunlight for 2 h.
(6) The mixed solution in step (5) was transferred to an autoclave and hydrothermally heated at 160 ℃ for 3 hours.
(7) And (4) respectively cleaning the product obtained in the step (6) by using deionized water and ethanol, and drying for 12 h in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the AMX-Zn composite material.
Example 2
The MXene derivative/metal composite (AMX-Ag) of this example was prepared as follows:
(1) firstly 200 mg MXene Ti3C2Dispersed in 60 mL of 1M KOH solution, and 1.36 mL of H was added2O2(30%, AR) magnetically stirred for 1 h.
(2) Transferring the mixed solution in the step (1) to an autoclave, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 140 ℃ for 12 h.
(3) Washing the product in step (2) with deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant becomes neutral,
(4) finally, the sample was dried in a vacuum oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a globuliform Alkalized MXene (AMX) having a three-dimensional structure.
(5) 200 mg of AMX powder, 0.3 mmol of AgNO3And 60mg polyvinylpyrrolidone k-30 dispersed in 40 mL of ethylene glycol and magnetically stirred under simulated sunlight for 2 h.
(6) The mixed solution in step (5) was transferred to an autoclave and hydrothermally heated at 160 ℃ for 3 hours.
(7) And (4) respectively cleaning the product obtained in the step (6) by using deionized water and ethanol, and drying for 12 h in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the AMX-Ag composite material.
Example 3
The MXene derivative/metal composite (AMX-Cu) of this example was prepared as follows:
(1) firstly 200 mg MXene Ti3C2Dispersed in 60 mL of 1M KOH solution, and 1.36 mL of H was added2O2(30%, AR) magnetically stirred for 1 h.
(2) Transferring the mixed solution in the step (1) to an autoclave, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 140 ℃ for 12 h.
(3) Washing the product in step (2) with deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant becomes neutral,
(4) finally, the sample was dried in a vacuum oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a globuliform Alkalized MXene (AMX) having a three-dimensional structure.
(5) 200 mg of AMX powder, 0.3 mmol of Cu (NO)3)2And 60mg polyvinylpyrrolidone k-30 dispersed in 40 mL of ethylene glycol and magnetically stirred under simulated sunlight for 2 h.
(6) The mixed solution in step (5) was transferred to an autoclave and hydrothermally heated at 160 ℃ for 3 hours.
(7) And (4) respectively cleaning the product obtained in the step (6) by using deionized water and ethanol, and drying for 12 h in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the AMX-Cu composite material.
Example 4
The MXene derivative/metal composite (AMX-AC) of this example was prepared as follows:
(1) firstly 200 mg MXene Ti3C2Dispersed in 60 mL of 1M KOH solution, and 1.36 mL of H was added2O2(30%, AR) magnetically stirred for 1 h.
(2) Transferring the mixed solution in the step (1) to an autoclave, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 140 ℃ for 12 h.
(3) Washing the product in step (2) with deionized water until the pH of the supernatant becomes neutral.
(4) Finally, the sample was dried in a vacuum oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a globuliform Alkalized MXene (AMX) having a three-dimensional structure.
(5) 200 mg of AMX powder, 0.15 mmol of Cu (NO)3)2、0.15 mmol AgNO3And 60mg polyvinylpyrrolidone k-30 dispersed in 40 mL of ethylene glycol and magnetically stirred under simulated sunlight for 2 h.
(6) The mixed solution in step (5) was transferred to an autoclave and hydrothermally heated at 160 ℃ for 3 hours.
(7) And (4) respectively cleaning the product obtained in the step (6) by using deionized water and ethanol, and drying for 12 h in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the AMX-Ag/Cu (AMX-AC) composite material.
MXene Ti of the invention3C2Adopts a hair ball type Ti disclosed in CN20191101781073C2(MXene) nanomaterial.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and features of the present invention, together with the advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (6)

1. A preparation method of MXene derivative/metal nano composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing MXene Ti3C2Dispersing in KOH solution, adding H2O2Magnetically stirring for 1 h to obtain a mixed solution A;
(2) transferring the mixed solution A in the step (1) into an autoclave, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 12 h at 140 ℃;
(3) washing the product subjected to the hydrothermal reaction in the step (2) by using deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant becomes neutral;
(4) drying the sample washed in the step (3) in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the MXene derivative with a three-dimensional structure;
(5) dispersing MXene derivatives, metal salt M and polyvinylpyrrolidone k-30 in ethylene glycol, and magnetically stirring for 2h under simulated sunlight to obtain a mixed solution B;
(6) transferring the mixed solution B in the step (5) into an autoclave, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 160 ℃ for 3 hours;
(7) and (4) respectively cleaning the product obtained after the hydrothermal reaction in the step (6) by using deionized water and ethanol, and performing vacuum drying for 12 h at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the MXene derivative/metal nano composite material.
2. The method for preparing MXene derivative/metal nanocomposite according to claim 1, characterized by: the concentration of the KOH solution in the step (1) is 1M, H2O2Is 30 percent of industrial grade hydrogen peroxide.
3. The method of preparing an MXene derivative/metal nanocomposite according to claim 2, characterized by: in the step (1), 200 mg of MXene Ti is added3C2On a basis, 60 mL of KOH solution and H are required2O21.36 mL。
4. The method for preparing MXene derivative/metal nanocomposite according to claim 1, characterized by: the metal salt M in the step (5) is at least one of zinc chloride, copper nitrate or silver nitrate.
5. The method for preparing MXene derivative/metal nanocomposite according to claim 1, characterized by: in the step (5), 0.3 mmol of the metal salt M and 60mg of polyvinylpyrrolidone k-30 based on 200 mg of the MXene derivative were required.
6. The MXene derivative/metal nanocomposite obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is applied to a supercapacitor.
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