CN112766721B - Method for planning and site selection and scale estimation of check dam - Google Patents
Method for planning and site selection and scale estimation of check dam Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for planning and site selection and scale estimation of a check dam, which comprises the following steps: carrying out three-dimensional model virtual survey on the planned area, primarily selecting planned points of a check dam according to a planning target, constructing road network information of the three-dimensional model of the planned area, and automatically making a survey plan; screening out the check dam engineering points to be compared and selected according to the topographic and geological conditions of the planned area; tracking the boundary trend of a basin where the engineering points are located according to the three-dimensional model, delineating the range of the area where the corresponding engineering is located, and acquiring elevation data of the delineated area; and (3) acquiring a topographic map of the area corresponding to the project by using a contour line function, calculating the watershed characteristics and the reservoir capacity curve of the dam project point according to the new topographic map, further estimating the dam project scale, and outputting and displaying. The method can quickly and conveniently complete the initial planning site selection and scale estimation of the check dam, can effectively solve the problem that a small watershed where the check dam is located lacks of topographic data, and greatly reduces the economic cost and the time cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering planning, in particular to a method for planning and site selection and scale estimation of a check dam.
Background
Long-term practice proves that the silty dam is an effective engineering measure for preventing and treating water and soil loss in the loess plateau area, can effectively intercept silt, maintain water and soil, can silt the land to make the field and increase the yield of grains, and plays an extremely important historical role in reducing the amount of the silt entering and promoting the local economic development of the loess plateau area. In a new period, with the ecological protection of the yellow river basin and the promotion and implementation of the national strategy of high-quality development, the silt dam is used as an important water and soil conservation engineering measure in the loess plateau area and is endowed with stronger vitality.
In order to ensure scientific and reasonable layout of the silt dam project, planning point selection and project scale estimation need to be carried out in advance, however, the silt dam is basically located at the tail end of a branch trench of a remote loess tableland and a loess hilly gully and generally lacks of terrain data and the like, in this case, the terrain data on which the silt dam project planning point selection and project scale estimation are based needs to be obtained, and the traditional method is to carry out terrain mapping on a planning area and obtain a terrain map of the planning area. However, the land siltation dam engineering is used as a small-sized water and soil conservation engineering, the planning design and construction fund is insufficient for a long time, the area of the area involved by the wide and large planning and point selection work is wider, and a large amount of fund is difficult to be invested in the previous work to support the work to carry out surveying and mapping work, so that great inconvenience is brought to the planning and site selection and scale estimation of the land siltation dam engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for planning and site selection and scale estimation of a check dam, which is used for constructing a three-dimensional model, acquiring elevation data and simultaneously performing coordinate conversion, can quickly and conveniently finish initial planning and site selection and scale estimation of the check dam, can effectively solve the problem that a small watershed of the check dam is lack of topographic data, and greatly reduces economic cost and time cost.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for planning and site selection and scale estimation of a check dam, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, carrying out three-dimensional model virtual survey on a planned area, primarily selecting planned points of a check dam according to a planned target, constructing road network information of a three-dimensional model of the planned area, and automatically making a survey plan;
step 2, screening out the project points of the check dam to be compared and selected according to the topographic and geological conditions of the planning area based on the survey plan;
step 3, tracking the boundary trend of the basin where the engineering points are located according to the three-dimensional model of the planning area, delineating the area range of the corresponding engineering, and acquiring elevation data of the delineated area;
step 4, obtaining a topographic map of the area corresponding to the project by using a contour line function according to the elevation data;
step 5, converting the longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points into coordinates matched with a topographic map to obtain a new topographic map;
and 6, calculating watershed characteristics and a reservoir capacity curve of the engineering points of the silt dam according to the new topographic map, determining flood and silt of the watershed where the silt dam is located according to the calculated watershed characteristics and a regional hydrological manual, estimating the engineering scale of the silt dam according to the reservoir capacity curve, and outputting and displaying.
In a possible implementation manner, the process of constructing road network information of a three-dimensional model of the planned area and automatically making an exploration plan includes:
determining the access condition of the planning area and each road condition based on the road network information;
acquiring an optimal route scheme reaching each dam site to be surveyed based on the channel condition and the road condition;
and automatically making a survey plan according to the optimal scheme route.
In one possible implementation, screening out the land dam engineering points to be compared according to the topographic and geological conditions of the planned area based on the survey plan comprises:
acquiring the coordinates of the planning point position of the primarily selected check dam;
determining the site position of the corresponding engineering point according to the planning point location coordinate;
and surveying and predicting whether the site topographic and geological conditions of the engineering points are suitable for building the dam or not, and screening out the siltation dam engineering points to be compared and selected.
In one possible implementation, the elevation data is in a grid format.
In one possible implementation, the watershed characteristics mainly include catchment area, river length, and specific fall parameters.
In a possible implementation manner, the method for planning and site selection and scale estimation of a check dam tracks the boundary trend of a basin where the engineering point is located, and defines the range of an area where the corresponding engineering is located, and includes:
determining the contour of the boundary of the watershed, and acquiring sampling points in the contour and sampling coordinates;
calculating an area parameter, an arc length parameter and an altitude parameter in the terrain corresponding to the sampling point based on the coordinates of the sampling point, wherein the area parameter, the arc length parameter and the altitude parameter are used as characteristic parameters of the sampling point;
three-dimensional point cloud data of sampling points in the contour of the drainage basin boundary are obtained through three-dimensional laser scanning;
matching the three-dimensional point cloud data of the sampling points with the coordinate data of the silt dam to be constructed to obtain matched three-dimensional point cloud data;
calculating the boundary trend of the drainage basin according to the characteristic parameters of the sampling points and the matched three-dimensional point cloud data through a preset algorithm;
and simultaneously, after the boundary trend of the drainage basin is obtained, the area range of the corresponding project is defined, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring the engineering model layout, wherein the engineering model layout comprises a building area and a non-building area;
mapping the engineering model layout map to a preset three-dimensional terrain grid body model so as to determine a building projection area corresponding to the building area on the surface of the three-dimensional terrain grid body model;
determining the building distribution points in the building projection area, and configuring a three-dimensional building model for the building distribution points;
meanwhile, determining the area of the boundary data where the building is located, and extracting the boundary data of the building;
comparing the extracted boundary data of the building with the boundary data of the watershed;
if the boundary data of the building is in the boundary data range of the drainage basin, judging that the building is in an allowable range;
otherwise, judging that the building is beyond the allowable range;
and defining the area range of the project based on the three-dimensional building model and the boundary data of the building.
In a possible implementation manner, the method for planning and site selection and scale estimation of a check dam converts longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering point into coordinates matched with a topographic map, and includes:
acquiring topographic map coordinates of the engineering points, pixel coordinates corresponding to the topographic map coordinates of the engineering points and longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points;
training a topographic map coordinate change model according to the topographic map coordinate and the pixel coordinate corresponding to the topographic map coordinate to obtain a topographic map coordinate change model;
inputting the longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points into the topographic map transformation model for transformation, and the concrete steps comprise:
converting the longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points into coordinate values of the topographic map coordinates by calculating, and calculating deviation values of converting the longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points into the topographic map coordinates according to the obtained coordinate values, wherein the steps are as follows:
and calculating the coordinate value of the longitude and latitude coordinate of the engineering point converted into the coordinate value of the topographic map coordinate according to the following formula:
setting longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points as (E, N), and setting topographic map coordinates of the engineering points as (X, Y);
X＝α*cos E*cos N；
Y＝[α*(1-e2)]*cos E*sin N；
wherein α represents a conversion coefficient for converting the longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering point into the coordinates of the topographic map; a represents the probability of conversion error, and the value range is (0, 1); e represents the latitude value of the engineering point in the latitude and longitude coordinates; n represents the longitude value of the engineering point in the longitude and latitude coordinates; x represents the abscissa value of the engineering point in the topographic map; y represents the ordinate value of the engineering point in the topographic map;
acquiring the horizontal and vertical coordinate values of the intersection point of the initial geodetic meridian plane and the equator;
calculating a deviation value of converting longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering point into topographic map coordinates based on the horizontal and vertical coordinate values of the intersection point of the initial geodetic meridian plane and the equator:
delta represents a deviation value of converting longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points into topographic map coordinates;
representing a deviation coefficient; epsilon represents the eccentricity of the latitude value of the engineering point in the longitude and latitude coordinates; mu represents the eccentricity of the longitude and latitude coordinate value of the engineering point; x represents an abscissa value of an intersection point of the initial geodetic meridian plane and the equator; y represents the ordinate value of the intersection point of the initial geodetic meridian plane and the equator;
comparing the calculated deviation value with a preset deviation value;
if the calculated deviation value is smaller than or equal to the preset deviation value, the conversion from the longitude and latitude coordinate to the topographic map coordinate is completed;
and if not, recalculating the coordinate value of the topographic map coordinate converted from the longitude and latitude coordinate of the engineering point, and recalculating the conversion deviation value until the calculated deviation value is less than or equal to the preset deviation value.
In a possible implementation manner, in step 6, the method includes the steps of calculating basin characteristics and reservoir capacity curves of the engineering points of the check dam according to the new topographic map, determining flood and silt of the basin where the check dam is located according to the calculated basin characteristics and by combining a regional hydrology manual, estimating the engineering scale of the check dam by combining the reservoir capacity curves, and outputting and displaying:
calculating the watershed characteristics of the engineering points of the check dam according to the new topographic map, comprising the following steps: area, river length, specific fall; and a reservoir capacity curve comprising: the method comprises the following steps of (1) determining flood and silt of a basin where the silt dam is located according to basin characteristics of quantity calculation and a regional hydrological manual, and estimating the engineering scale of the silt dam according to a reservoir capacity curve:
in the formula, h0，...，hnExpressing the river bottom elevation of each point along the way from the downstream to the upstream, and the unit is m; l1，...， lnRepresents the distance between two adjacent points, and the unit is m; l represents the full length of the river reach and has the unit of m; j represents the average river channel drop;
and outputting and displaying the estimated engineering scale of the silt dam.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for planning and site selection and scale estimation of a check dam according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a typical dam site area to be selected for a small mouth and a big belly in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a 3D view of a contour generated by GM software according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for planning and site selection and scale estimation of a dam, including:
step 1, carrying out three-dimensional model virtual survey on a planned area, primarily selecting planned points of a check dam according to a planned target, constructing road network information of a three-dimensional model of the planned area, and automatically making a survey plan;
step 2, screening out the project points of the check dam to be compared and selected according to the topographic and geological conditions of the planning area based on the survey plan;
step 3, tracking the boundary trend of the basin where the engineering points are located according to the three-dimensional model of the planning area, delineating the area range of the corresponding engineering, and acquiring elevation data of the delineated area;
step 4, obtaining a topographic map of the area corresponding to the project by using a contour line function according to the elevation data;
step 5, converting the longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points into coordinates matched with a topographic map to obtain a new topographic map;
and 6, calculating watershed characteristics and a reservoir capacity curve of the engineering points of the silt dam according to the new topographic map, determining flood and silt of the watershed where the silt dam is located according to the calculated watershed characteristics and a regional hydrological manual, estimating the engineering scale of the silt dam according to the reservoir capacity curve, and outputting and displaying.
Aiming at the step 1: the three-dimensional model is constructed based on BM software, the BM software integrates full-coverage high-definition non-offset satellite images in the global range, the pixel precision is 0.1m at most, the image updating frequency is 3-6 months, and the terrain and ground objects in each area can be clearly displayed. Therefore, according to a planning target, the treatment conditions of various channels can be conveniently seen through the conditions of all branch hair ditch channels displayed in the BM software three-dimensional model, and the channels which need to be developed are screened out. The screened channel to be treated is subjected to three-dimensional model virtual survey through BM software, the topographic and topographic conditions in a planned area are surveyed, the dam site of the silt dam is generally selected at the position where the channel is narrow and the upstream is wide as far as possible on the basis of controlling the water and soil loss area of the branch capillary, so that the favorable dam reservoir condition with small mouth and big belly is formed, and the possible planned point position of the silt dam is initially selected according to the planning principle.
Aiming at the step 3: the BM software can clearly distinguish the ridge line, so that the boundary trend of the watershed where the engineering point is located can be tracked along the ridge line from the engineering point position through the three-dimensional model display of the BM software, the range of the area where the engineering watershed is located can be defined, and then the elevation Data (DEM) of the defined area is downloaded through the elevation data downloading function of the BM software and is in a grid format.
Aiming at the step 4: the contour line function and the like are obtained based on GM software, the GM software is mapping software with various geographic information data format processing functions, and efficient and rapid geographic information support can be provided for works such as hydraulic engineering planning design and basin planning by using the powerful map processing function of GlobalMapper. The downloaded elevation data is opened in GM software, relevant parameters such as equal altitude distance and generating range are set, a topographic map (DLG) in a contour line form of a project area can be generated by using a contour line generating function of the GM software, the DLG is in a vector format, and contours in different file types can be generated according to the software type for processing the topographic map, such as a DWG format file processed by CAD software, an SHP format file processed by GIS software, a KML/KMZ file processed by Google Earth software, and the like.
Aiming at the step 5: because the elevation data downloaded in the BM software is a WGS84 coordinate system, when contour lines are used in work, a coordinate system of Western 80 or a coordinate system of Beijing 54 is commonly used, and a coordinate conversion function of GM software can be selected to convert the generated contour line coordinate system as required.
Aiming at the step 6: generally, the type of software can be analyzed and calculated according to a topographic map which is used by an individual with great proficiency, CAD software or GIS software and the like are selected, and watershed characteristics and reservoir capacity curves of the engineering point positions of the check dam are calculated according to the generated contour topographic map. The watershed characteristics mainly comprise water collection area, river length and specific fall parameters, and the trend of the watershed can be visually checked by combining the 3D view function of GM software, so that the watershed characteristics are quickly calculated; the quantity calculation of the storage capacity curve mainly adopts an area-elevation method; and calculating flood and silt of the basin where the silt dam is located according to the measured basin characteristics by combining with regional hydrological manuals and the like, determining the sediment storage capacity and the flood retaining storage capacity on the basis, and further estimating the engineering scale of the silt dam by combining with a storage capacity curve.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the method is used for constructing a three-dimensional model and acquiring elevation data, and simultaneously, coordinate conversion is carried out, so that initial planning site selection and scale estimation of the check dam can be completed quickly and conveniently, the difficulty that a small flow area of the check dam is lack of topographic data can be effectively solved, and the economic cost and the time cost are greatly reduced.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for planning and site selection and scale estimation of a check dam, which comprises the following steps of constructing road network information of a three-dimensional model of a planning area and automatically making a survey plan:
determining the access condition of the planning area and each road condition based on the road network information;
acquiring an optimal route scheme reaching each dam site to be surveyed based on the channel condition and the road condition;
and automatically making a survey plan according to the optimal scheme route.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: by determining the access condition and the road condition and formulating the optimal route scheme, the effective planning and site selection are facilitated.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for planning and site selection and scale estimation of a check dam, which comprises the following steps of screening out check dam engineering points to be compared and selected according to topographic and geological conditions of a planned area based on an exploration plan:
acquiring the coordinates of the planning point position of the primarily selected check dam;
determining the site position of the corresponding engineering point according to the planning point location coordinate;
and surveying and predicting whether the site topographic and geological conditions of the engineering points are suitable for building the dam or not, and screening out the siltation dam engineering points to be compared and selected.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: by carrying out primary selection and determining the corresponding site position, and meanwhile, by judging whether the dam is suitable for building, the engineering point can be conveniently and effectively screened.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for planning and site selection and scale estimation of a check dam, which is used for tracking the boundary trend of a basin where an engineering point is located and defining the range of an area where a corresponding engineering is located, and comprises the following steps:
determining the contour of the boundary of the watershed, and acquiring sampling points in the contour and sampling coordinates;
calculating an area parameter, an arc length parameter and an altitude parameter in the terrain corresponding to the sampling point based on the coordinates of the sampling point, wherein the area parameter, the arc length parameter and the altitude parameter are used as characteristic parameters of the sampling point;
three-dimensional point cloud data of sampling points in the contour of the drainage basin boundary are obtained through three-dimensional laser scanning;
matching the three-dimensional point cloud data of the sampling points with the coordinate data of the silt dam to be constructed to obtain matched three-dimensional point cloud data;
calculating the boundary trend of the drainage basin according to the characteristic parameters of the sampling points and the matched three-dimensional point cloud data through a preset algorithm;
and simultaneously, after the boundary trend of the drainage basin is obtained, the area range of the corresponding project is defined, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring the engineering model layout, wherein the engineering model layout comprises a building area and a non-building area;
mapping the engineering model layout map to a preset three-dimensional terrain grid body model so as to determine a building projection area corresponding to the building area on the surface of the three-dimensional terrain grid body model;
determining the building distribution points in the building projection area, and configuring a three-dimensional building model for the building distribution points;
meanwhile, determining the area of the boundary data where the building is located, and extracting the boundary data of the building;
comparing the extracted boundary data of the building with the boundary data of the watershed;
if the boundary data of the building is in the boundary data range of the drainage basin, judging that the building is in an allowable range;
otherwise, judging that the building is beyond the allowable range;
and defining the area range of the project based on the three-dimensional building model and the boundary data of the building.
In this embodiment, the area parameter refers to the area in the topography of the sampling point that can be calculated by this parameter, for example, the area parameter may be the length, width, etc. of the topography of the sampling point.
In this embodiment, the arc length parameter refers to the curve length of the terrain in which the sampling point is located.
In this embodiment, the characteristic parameter refers to a parameter value capable of representing the area, arc length, and altitude of the sampling point.
In this embodiment, the preset algorithm is preset, and the calculation of the topography is realized by a certain method or means.
In this embodiment, the predetermined three-dimensional terrain mesh model is predetermined for analyzing the three-dimensional structure of the building.
In this embodiment, the building distribution point refers to a position point of a building in a predetermined area, and the position point of each building in the predetermined area is referred to as a building distribution point.
In this embodiment, the boundary data of the building refers to a maximum boundary width value of a distance-specified area allowed by the building.
The beneficial effects of the above technical act are: by determining the boundary trend of the basin where the engineering points are located and delineating the range of the corresponding engineering area, the trend of the land where the engineering points are located is ensured to be obtained in time, so that planners can conveniently do terrain analysis work in advance, and meanwhile, the building range of the engineering points is delineated, so that the initial planning site selection and scale estimation of the siltation dam are quickly and conveniently completed, and the economic cost and the time cost are greatly reduced.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for planning, site selection and scale estimation of a check dam, which converts longitude and latitude coordinates of an engineering point into coordinates matched with a topographic map and comprises the following steps:
acquiring topographic map coordinates of the engineering points, pixel coordinates corresponding to the topographic map coordinates of the engineering points and longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points;
training a topographic map coordinate change model according to the topographic map coordinate and the pixel coordinate corresponding to the topographic map coordinate to obtain a topographic map coordinate change model;
inputting the longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points into the topographic map transformation model for transformation, and the concrete steps comprise:
converting the longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points into coordinate values of the topographic map coordinates by calculating, and calculating deviation values of converting the longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points into the topographic map coordinates according to the obtained coordinate values, wherein the steps are as follows:
and calculating the coordinate value of the longitude and latitude coordinate of the engineering point converted into the coordinate value of the topographic map coordinate according to the following formula:
setting longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points as (E, N), and setting topographic map coordinates of the engineering points as (X, Y);
X＝α*cos E*cos N；
Y＝[α*(1-e2)]*cos E*sin N；
wherein α represents a conversion coefficient for converting the longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering point into the coordinates of the topographic map; a represents the probability of conversion error, and the value range is (0, 1); e represents the latitude value of the engineering point in the latitude and longitude coordinates; n represents the longitude value of the engineering point in the longitude and latitude coordinates; x represents the abscissa value of the engineering point in the topographic map; y represents the ordinate value of the engineering point in the topographic map;
acquiring the horizontal and vertical coordinate values of the intersection point of the initial geodetic meridian plane and the equator;
calculating a deviation value of converting longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering point into topographic map coordinates based on the horizontal and vertical coordinate values of the intersection point of the initial geodetic meridian plane and the equator:
delta represents a deviation value of converting longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points into topographic map coordinates;
representing a deviation coefficient; epsilon represents the eccentricity of the latitude value of the engineering point in the longitude and latitude coordinates; mu represents the eccentricity of the longitude and latitude coordinate value of the engineering point; x represents an abscissa value of an intersection point of the initial geodetic meridian plane and the equator; y represents the ordinate value of the intersection point of the initial geodetic meridian plane and the equator;
comparing the calculated deviation value with a preset deviation value;
if the calculated deviation value is smaller than or equal to the preset deviation value, the conversion from the longitude and latitude coordinate to the topographic map coordinate is completed;
and if not, recalculating the coordinate value of the topographic map coordinate converted from the longitude and latitude coordinate of the engineering point, and recalculating the conversion deviation value until the calculated deviation value is less than or equal to the preset deviation value.
In this embodiment, the topographic map coordinates refer to the specific location of a point in the map that can be determined using a two-dimensional coordinate system.
In this embodiment, the longitude and latitude coordinates are also referred to as geographical coordinates, and usually the latitude is written first, and then the longitude is written.
In this embodiment, the pixel coordinates refer to those composed of pixels, which are the positions of the pixels in the image.
In this embodiment, the abscissa and ordinate values of the intersection of the initial geodetic meridian plane and the equator are predetermined as the measurement criteria.
In this embodiment, the eccentricity refers to a probability value that a latitude value and a longitude value are relatively deviated from the center of the earth in latitude and longitude coordinates.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the method comprises the steps of converting longitude and latitude coordinates of engineering points into coordinate values of topographic map coordinates by calculating the longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points, calculating deviation values converted from the longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points into the topographic map coordinates according to the obtained coordinate values, designing a conversion coefficient and converting error probability when the coordinate values are converted, enabling results during coordinate conversion to be more accurate, and enabling the converted coordinate values and reference coordinate values to be operated when the deviation values are calculated, so that the calculated deviation values to be accurate and reliable.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for planning and site selection and scale estimation of a check dam, in step 6, the basin characteristics and the reservoir capacity curve of the check dam engineering points are measured according to a new topographic map, meanwhile, the flood and the silt of the basin where the check dam is located are determined according to the measured basin characteristics and by combining with a regional hydrology manual, the scale of the check dam engineering is estimated by combining with the reservoir capacity curve, and the method comprises the following steps:
calculating the watershed characteristics of the engineering points of the check dam according to the new topographic map, comprising the following steps: area, river length, specific fall; and a reservoir capacity curve comprising: the method comprises the following steps of (1) determining flood and silt of a basin where the silt dam is located according to basin characteristics of quantity calculation and a regional hydrological manual, and estimating the engineering scale of the silt dam according to a reservoir capacity curve:
in the formula, h0，...，hnIndicating the river bottom height of each point along the way from the downstream to the upstreamThe unit is m; l1，...， LnRepresents the distance between two adjacent points, and the unit is m; l represents the full length of the river reach and has the unit of m; j represents the average river channel drop;
and outputting and displaying the estimated engineering scale of the silt dam.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the method is convenient to effectively, quickly and conveniently complete the initial planning site selection and scale estimation of the check dam, and can effectively solve the problem that the small watershed of the check dam lacks of topographic data.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. A method for planning and site selection and scale estimation of a check dam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, carrying out three-dimensional model virtual survey on a planned area, primarily selecting planned points of a check dam according to a planned target, constructing road network information of a three-dimensional model of the planned area, and automatically making a survey plan;
step 2, screening out the check dam engineering points to be compared and selected according to the topographic and geological conditions of the planning area based on the survey plan;
step 3, tracking the boundary trend of the basin where the engineering points are located according to the three-dimensional model of the planning area, delineating the area range of the corresponding engineering, and acquiring elevation data of the delineated area;
step 4, obtaining a topographic map of the area corresponding to the project by using a contour line function according to the elevation data;
step 5, converting the longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points into coordinates matched with a topographic map to obtain a new topographic map;
and 6, calculating watershed characteristics and a reservoir capacity curve of the engineering points of the silt dam according to the new topographic map, determining flood and silt of the watershed where the silt dam is located according to the calculated watershed characteristics and a regional hydrological manual, estimating the engineering scale of the silt dam according to the reservoir capacity curve, and outputting and displaying.
2. The method of planning site selection and scale estimation for a silt dam of claim 1, wherein constructing road network information of a three-dimensional model of said planned area and automatically making a survey plan comprises:
determining the access condition of the planning area and each road condition based on the road network information;
acquiring an optimal route scheme for reaching each dam site to be surveyed based on the channel condition and the road condition;
and automatically making a survey plan according to the optimal route scheme.
3. The method of land dam planning site selection and scale estimation of claim 1 wherein screening land dam construction sites to be compared based on said reconnaissance plan and based on topographical geological conditions of the planned area comprises:
acquiring the coordinates of the planning point position of the primarily selected check dam;
determining the site position of the corresponding engineering point according to the planning point location coordinate;
and surveying and predicting whether the site topographic and geological conditions of the engineering points are suitable for building the dam or not, and screening out the siltation dam engineering points to be compared and selected.
4. A method for planning site selection and scale estimation of a land dam according to claim 1 wherein,
the elevation data is in a grid format.
5. A method for planning site selection and scale estimation of a land dam according to claim 1 wherein,
the watershed characteristics comprise water collection area, river length and specific fall parameters.
6. The method for planning and site selection and scale estimation of a check dam as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process of tracing the boundary trend of the basin where the engineering point is located and defining the range of the area where the corresponding engineering is located comprises:
determining the contour of the boundary of the watershed, and acquiring sampling points in the contour and sampling coordinates;
calculating an area parameter, an arc length parameter and an altitude parameter in the terrain corresponding to the sampling point based on the coordinates of the sampling point, wherein the area parameter, the arc length parameter and the altitude parameter are used as characteristic parameters of the sampling point;
three-dimensional point cloud data of sampling points in the contour of the drainage basin boundary are obtained through three-dimensional laser scanning;
matching the three-dimensional point cloud data of the sampling points with the coordinate data of the silt dam to be constructed to obtain matched three-dimensional point cloud data;
calculating the boundary trend of the drainage basin according to the characteristic parameters of the sampling points and the matched three-dimensional point cloud data through a preset algorithm;
and simultaneously, after the boundary trend of the drainage basin is obtained, the area range of the corresponding project is defined, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring an engineering model layout, wherein the engineering model layout comprises a building area and a non-building area;
mapping the engineering model layout map to a preset three-dimensional terrain grid body model so as to determine a building projection area corresponding to the building area on the surface of the three-dimensional terrain grid body model;
determining building distribution points in the building projection area, and configuring a three-dimensional building model for the building distribution points;
meanwhile, determining the area of the boundary data where the building is located, and extracting the boundary data of the building;
comparing the extracted boundary data of the building with the boundary data of the watershed;
if the boundary data of the building is in the boundary data range of the drainage basin, judging that the building is in an allowable range;
otherwise, judging that the building is beyond the allowable range;
and defining the area range of the project based on the three-dimensional building model and the boundary data of the building.
7. The method of land dam planning, siting and scale estimation according to claim 1, wherein converting longitude and latitude coordinates of said engineering points to coordinates matching a topographical map comprises:
acquiring topographic map coordinates of the engineering points, pixel coordinates corresponding to the topographic map coordinates of the engineering points and longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points;
training a topographic map coordinate change model according to the topographic map coordinate and the pixel coordinate corresponding to the topographic map coordinate to obtain a topographic map coordinate change model;
inputting the longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points into the topographic map coordinate change model for transformation, and the specific steps comprise:
converting the longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points into coordinate values of the topographic map coordinates by calculating, and calculating deviation values of converting the longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points into the topographic map coordinates according to the obtained coordinate values, wherein the steps are as follows:
and calculating the coordinate value of the longitude and latitude coordinate of the engineering point converted into the coordinate value of the topographic map coordinate according to the following formula:
setting longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points as (E, N), and setting topographic map coordinates of the engineering points as (X, Y);
X＝α*cosE*cosN；
Y＝[α*(1-e2)]*cosE*sinN；
wherein α represents a conversion coefficient for converting the longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering point into the coordinates of the topographic map; a represents the probability of conversion error, and the value range is (0, 1); e represents the latitude value of the engineering point in the latitude and longitude coordinates; n represents the longitude value of the engineering point in the longitude and latitude coordinates; x represents the abscissa value of the engineering point in the topographic map; y represents the ordinate value of the engineering point in the topographic map;
acquiring the horizontal and vertical coordinate values of the intersection point of the initial geodetic meridian plane and the equator;
calculating a deviation value of converting longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering point into topographic map coordinates based on the horizontal and vertical coordinate values of the intersection point of the initial geodetic meridian plane and the equator:
delta represents a deviation value of converting longitude and latitude coordinates of the engineering points into topographic map coordinates;
representing a deviation coefficient; epsilon represents the eccentricity of the latitude value of the engineering point in the longitude and latitude coordinates; mu represents the eccentricity of the longitude and latitude coordinate value of the engineering point; x1 represents the abscissa value of the intersection of the starting geodetic meridian plane with the equator; y represents the ordinate value of the intersection point of the initial geodetic meridian plane and the equator;
comparing the calculated deviation value with a preset deviation value;
if the calculated deviation value is smaller than or equal to the preset deviation value, the conversion from the longitude and latitude coordinate to the topographic map coordinate is completed;
and if not, recalculating the coordinate value of the topographic map coordinate converted from the longitude and latitude coordinate of the engineering point, and recalculating the conversion deviation value until the calculated deviation value is less than or equal to the preset deviation value.
8. The method of planning and site selection and scale estimation of a check dam as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 6, the basin characteristics and the reservoir capacity curve of the check dam construction points are measured according to the new topographic map, and simultaneously, flood and silt of the basin where the check dam is located are determined according to the measured basin characteristics and by combining with the regional hydrology manual, and the scale of the check dam construction is estimated by combining with the reservoir capacity curve, and the output display comprises:
calculating the watershed characteristics of the engineering points of the check dam according to the new topographic map, comprising the following steps: area, river length, specific fall; and a reservoir capacity curve comprising: the method comprises the following steps of (1) determining flood and silt of a basin where the silt dam is located according to basin characteristics of quantity calculation and a regional hydrological manual, and estimating the engineering scale of the silt dam according to a reservoir capacity curve:
in the formula, h0，...，hnExpressing the river bottom elevation of each point along the way from the downstream to the upstream, and the unit is m; l1，...，lnRepresents the distance between two adjacent points, and the unit is m; l represents the full length of the river reach and has the unit of m; j represents the average river channel drop;
and outputting and displaying the estimated engineering scale of the silt dam.
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