CN112761724B - Monitoring method based on tunnel automatic monitoring system - Google Patents
Monitoring method based on tunnel automatic monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention provides a monitoring method based on an automatic tunnel monitoring system, wherein the monitoring system comprises a tunnel ballastless track structure settlement monitoring system, a tunnel structure horizontal displacement monitoring system, a monitoring base station and a control center, and the monitoring method comprises the following steps: s1, setting a monitoring period and a monitoring frequency of settlement monitoring, settlement monitoring and horizontal displacement monitoring of a tunnel structure of a tunnel ballastless track structure through a control center; s2, setting time at each interval in a set monitoring period; transmitting the monitoring data to a control center through a monitoring base station by a first total station and a second total station; and S3, when the control center monitors the abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind related departments to perform related processing. The invention has comprehensive monitoring data and reasonable arrangement of monitoring points, and provides full guarantee for tunnel safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel monitoring, in particular to a monitoring method based on an automatic tunnel monitoring system.
Background
Blasting (blasting) is a technique that utilizes the compression, loosening, destruction, throwing and killing effects of explosives in air, water, earth and stone media or objects to achieve the intended purpose. When explosive package or charge explodes in soil and stone medium or structure, the soil and stone medium or structure is compressed, deformed, destroyed, loosened and thrown, and the explosive package or charge is mainly used for soil and stone engineering, and the demolition of metal buildings and structures, etc.
In tunnel construction, blasting is often performed, and the blasting may adversely affect the lining structure of the existing operation tunnel, so that it is necessary to monitor the tunnel. In the existing tunnel monitoring system, the monitoring data are imperfect and single, and potential safety hazards or accidents can not be analyzed and judged.
Based on the above, a monitoring method based on an automatic tunnel monitoring system capable of effectively and comprehensively monitoring various parameters of a tunnel and performing early warning analysis is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a monitoring method based on an automatic tunnel monitoring system, which is used for analyzing and judging potential safety hazards or accidents possibly happening by reasonably monitoring various parameters of a tunnel, so that the accidents are avoided, and the construction safety is ensured.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a monitoring method based on automatic monitoring system of tunnel, including monitoring system and monitoring method;
the monitoring system comprises tunnel ballastless track structure settlement monitoring, tunnel structure horizontal displacement monitoring, a monitoring base station and a control center, wherein the tunnel ballastless track structure settlement monitoring is that a pair of first total stations are arranged at two ends of a tunnel ballastless track at each set distance L1, the tunnel structure settlement monitoring and the tunnel structure horizontal displacement monitoring are that a pair of second total stations are arranged at two sides in a tunnel at each set distance L2, the second total stations are used for simultaneously monitoring track structure settlement and tunnel structure horizontal displacement, the control center is connected with the monitoring base station, and the monitoring base station is connected with the first total stations and the second total stations for communication transmission;
the monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a monitoring period and a monitoring frequency of settlement monitoring, settlement monitoring and horizontal displacement monitoring of a tunnel structure of a tunnel ballastless track structure through a control center;
s2, setting time at each interval in a set monitoring period; transmitting the monitoring data to a control center through a monitoring base station by a first total station and a second total station;
and S3, when the control center monitors the abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind related departments to perform related processing.
Further, the monitoring system further comprises tunnel blasting vibration speed monitoring, wherein a vibration monitor is arranged at one side in the tunnel for each interval set distance L3 in the tunnel blasting vibration speed monitoring, and the vibration monitor is connected with a monitoring base station; the monitoring method comprises the following steps: setting a monitoring period and a monitoring frequency of tunnel blasting vibration speed monitoring through a control center, and setting time at intervals in the set monitoring period; transmitting the monitoring data to a control center through a monitoring base station by a vibration monitor; when the control center monitors abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind related departments to perform related processing.
Further, the monitoring system further comprises tunnel stress monitoring, wherein a pair of pressure sensors are arranged at two sides in the tunnel for each set distance L4, and the pressure sensors are connected with a monitoring base station; the monitoring method comprises the following steps: setting a monitoring period and a monitoring frequency of tunnel stress monitoring through a control center, and setting time at intervals in the set monitoring period; transmitting the monitoring data to a control center through a monitoring base station by a pressure sensor; when the control center monitors abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind related departments to perform related processing.
Further, the monitoring system further comprises a tunnel three-dimensional laser scanning system, the tunnel three-dimensional laser scanning system comprises a FARO three-dimensional laser scanner, a movable scanning trolley and a tablet personal computer, the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner is arranged on the movable scanning trolley, the tablet personal computer is connected with the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner and used for receiving data, and the movable scanning trolley is used for moving in a test track and realizing full-automatic structure scanning and tunnel disease detection of a tunnel in an operation period through the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner.
Further, the scanning method of the mobile scanning trolley comprises the following steps: the scanning speeds V1 and V2 of the mobile scanning trolley for full-automatic structure scanning and tunnel defect detection are respectively set through the tablet personal computer; when full-automatic structure scanning is performed, the trolley moves in the test track at a set speed V1, scanning is performed through the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner, and scanning data are transmitted to the tablet personal computer in a wireless mode and recorded; when tunnel defect detection is carried out, the trolley moves in the test track according to the set speed V2, the scanning is carried out through the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner, and scanning data are transmitted to the tablet personal computer in a wireless mode and recorded.
Furthermore, TSD tunnel three-dimensional scanning software is installed on the tablet personal computer, and the tablet personal computer is connected with the control center.
Further, the monitoring system further comprises a monitoring datum point, wherein the monitoring datum point is located far away from the blasting-effect deformation range and used for verifying the positions of the first total station and the second total station.
Furthermore, the monitoring datum point takes a prism as an observation mark, the prism is fixed on the track plate by drilling 2 phi 10 chemical anchors on the track plate, the embedded depth of the bolts is 5-10 cm, the drilling diameter is 12mm, and double nuts are used.
Further, the settlement monitoring data of the first total station and the second total station adopt a precise photoelectric ranging triangular elevation measuring method; the method comprises the following steps: observing by arranging an instrument at the point O, observing an included angle between the distance OA from the point O to the point A and the horizontal plane, and observing an included angle between the OA' and the horizontal plane after the altitude difference of A changes; the elevation change of the point A is as follows:
ΔH＝H′-H＝OA′sina′-OAsina；
precision photoelectric ranging triangle elevation measurement precision analysis
In electro-optical ranging triangular elevation measurement, adopting the line of sight less than or equal to 100m, the overlook angle less than or equal to 10 degrees and 2 returns, and calculating Gao Chengzhong errors for H=oasina according to an error propagation law:
assuming oa=d, then h=dsina, yields:
since a total station with a ranging accuracy of 0.6mm+1ppm and an angular accuracy of 0.5 "is used, 2 returns are employed, then:
then an in-elevation error may be obtained:
then the error in elevation change:
the above formula can be used for meeting the requirement of secondary leveling measurement, and the above elevation measurement method can meet the precision requirement.
Further, the specific method for the displacement monitoring data of the second total station comprises the following steps: the monitoring and the sedimentation monitoring are synchronously carried out;
the coordinates of each measuring point on the track are measured by a second total station,
calculation principle of horizontal displacement:
assuming that the measurement points at the two ends are numbered DM1 and DM2, the DM1-DM2 cross-section can be expressed by the following linear equation:
a (XA, YA) is the point on the section DM1-DM2, then A is the distance from A to the line:
the distance from the measuring point to the initial straight line is obtained through geometric relation conversion, the current variation is obtained through subtracting the previous calculated value from each calculated value, and the accumulated variation is obtained through subtracting the initial calculated value from each calculated value.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention has comprehensive monitoring data and reasonable arrangement of monitoring points, and provides full guarantee for tunnel safety; the invention realizes automatic data acquisition and calculation, monitors do not need to enter the range of the line tunnel to operate, do not generate any interference and influence on the travelling crane, and eliminate the potential safety hazards of the travelling crane and personnel. Meanwhile, the automatic monitoring system and the method can adjust the monitoring frequency at any time according to actual needs, realize the real-time monitoring of the tunnel for 24 hours according to the frequency, and greatly improve the monitoring efficiency.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a monitoring method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of distribution of a first total station for monitoring settlement of a ballastless track structure of a tunnel in a section of the tunnel according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of distribution of a second total station in a tunnel section for monitoring settlement of a tunnel structure and monitoring horizontal displacement of the tunnel structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of distribution of vibration monitors of tunnel blasting vibration speed monitoring in a tunnel section according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a distribution of pressure sensors in a tunnel section for tunnel stress monitoring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram I of the monitoring system of the present invention in a specific application;
FIG. 8 is a second schematic diagram of the monitoring system of the present invention in a specific application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram III of the monitoring system of the present invention in a particular application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring system of the present invention in a particular application;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring system of the present invention in a particular application;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a precise electro-optical ranging triangulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the calculation principle of the horizontal displacement according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a mobile scanning cart in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an expanded linking bracket assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the linking bracket assembly of the embodiment of the present invention prior to deployment;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the partial overall structure of a lift assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the internal partial structure of a connection bracket assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 19 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a triangle driven wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The components in the drawings are marked as follows: 1. a lifting assembly; 101. a mounting shell; 102. a mounting port; 103. a linear motor; 104. a shock pad; 105. a lifting shaft; 2. a FARO three-dimensional laser scanner; 3. a carrying plate; 4. a connecting bracket assembly; 401. connecting an outer tube; 402. a buffer protection layer; 403. a lubricating sleeve; 404. a telescopic column; 5. a limit component; 501. limiting the mother block; 502. a groove; 503. a wheel mounting groove; 504. a limit sub-block; 505. a protruding block; 506. a through hole; 507. a locking bolt; 6. a pulley assembly; 601. a driving wheel; 602. a connecting rod; 603. triangle driven wheel; 604. an industrial wheel; 605. triangle wheel disc frame; 606. rubber air gasket.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
Example 1
See fig. 1-19: a monitoring method based on automatic monitoring system of tunnel, including monitoring system and monitoring method;
the monitoring system comprises tunnel ballastless track structure settlement monitoring, tunnel structure horizontal displacement monitoring, a monitoring base station and a control center, wherein the tunnel ballastless track structure settlement monitoring is that a pair of first total stations are arranged at two ends of a tunnel ballastless track at each set distance L1, the tunnel structure settlement monitoring and the tunnel structure horizontal displacement monitoring are that a pair of second total stations are arranged at two sides in a tunnel at each set distance L2, the second total stations are used for simultaneously monitoring track structure settlement and tunnel structure horizontal displacement, the control center is connected with the monitoring base station, and the monitoring base station is connected with the first total stations and the second total stations for communication transmission;
the monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a monitoring period and a monitoring frequency of settlement monitoring, settlement monitoring and horizontal displacement monitoring of a tunnel structure of a tunnel ballastless track structure through a control center;
s2, setting time at each interval in a set monitoring period; transmitting the monitoring data to a control center through a monitoring base station by a first total station and a second total station;
and S3, when the control center monitors the abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind related departments to perform related processing.
It should be noted that, the control center of the embodiment can realize 24 hours monitoring through the first total station and the second total station distributed at the corresponding positions in the tunnel, and once the mutation or overrun condition occurs, the control center can send out early warning through various forms of short messages, sounds and a spring frame. In addition, the monitoring base stations which are independently arranged are used as signal transmission base stations, so that the railway operation signal base stations are not occupied, and the influence on the railway operation is reduced; in addition, the monitoring period and the monitoring frequency of the embodiment can be set to 300 days, the frequency of monitoring for 4 times per day is monitored in real time, and the frequency of monitoring can be regulated according to real time requirements.
In a specific implementation, the first total station and the second total station in this embodiment may be a fully automatic motor-driven total station with high precision and excellent stability.
In a specific implementation, the monitoring system further comprises tunnel blasting vibration speed monitoring, wherein a vibration monitor is arranged at one side in the tunnel for each interval set distance L3, and the vibration monitor is connected with a monitoring base station; the monitoring method comprises the following steps: setting a monitoring period and a monitoring frequency of tunnel blasting vibration speed monitoring through a control center, and setting time at intervals in the set monitoring period; transmitting the monitoring data to a control center through a monitoring base station by a vibration monitor; when the control center monitors abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind related departments to perform related processing.
It should be noted that, the monitoring period and the monitoring frequency of the embodiment can be set to 50-300 days, the frequency of 1 time of daily monitoring is monitored in real time, and the monitoring frequency can be adjusted according to real time requirements; in addition, the distribution of the vibration monitor can be closer to the blasting point, the more densely installed, and the more densely and sparsely installed the farther from the blasting point.
In a specific implementation, the monitoring system further comprises tunnel stress monitoring, wherein a pair of pressure sensors are arranged at two sides in a tunnel for each set distance L4, and the pressure sensors are connected with a monitoring base station; the monitoring method comprises the following steps: setting a monitoring period and a monitoring frequency of tunnel stress monitoring through a control center, and setting time at intervals in the set monitoring period; transmitting the monitoring data to a control center through a monitoring base station by a pressure sensor; when the control center monitors abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind related departments to perform related processing.
The monitoring period and the monitoring frequency of the embodiment can be set to 300 days, the frequency of monitoring for 4 times per day is monitored in real time, and the frequency of monitoring can be regulated according to real time requirements.
In a specific implementation, the monitoring system further comprises a tunnel three-dimensional laser scanning system, the tunnel three-dimensional laser scanning system comprises a FARO three-dimensional laser scanner, a mobile scanning trolley and a tablet personal computer, the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner is installed on the mobile scanning trolley, the tablet personal computer is connected with the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner and used for receiving data, and the mobile scanning trolley is used for moving in a test track and realizing full-automatic structure scanning and tunnel defect detection of a tunnel in an operation period through the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner; the scanning method of the mobile scanning trolley comprises the following steps: the scanning speeds V1 and V2 of the mobile scanning trolley for full-automatic structure scanning and tunnel defect detection are respectively set through the tablet personal computer; when full-automatic structure scanning is performed, the trolley moves in the test track at a set speed V1, scanning is performed through the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner, and scanning data are transmitted to the tablet personal computer in a wireless mode and recorded; when tunnel defect detection is carried out, the trolley moves in the test track according to a set speed V2, scanning data are transmitted to the tablet personal computer in a wireless mode through the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner, and the scanning data are recorded; the tablet personal computer is provided with TSD tunnel three-dimensional scanning software and is connected with the control center.
The embodiment can provide various visual analysis means for tunnel construction measurement, completion acceptance, detection, maintenance and management. The method can accurately measure the geometric dimension and the limit of the tunnel space, can detect the defects such as tunnel lining cracks, dislocation, falling blocks and the like and the space parts, provides high-precision defect images and clearance convergence information, and obtains the flatness and the section clearance of the tunnel surface.
It should be noted that, the tunnel three-dimensional laser scanning system of this embodiment has two field data scanning modes, respectively: disease scanning mode: in the disease scan mode, the acquisition of data is continuous. The detection personnel uses TSD software to set parameters such as acquired resolution, quality, trolley speed and the like, the scanning trolley moves along the track to scan along the track in a moving mode with the set parameters, continuous space data in scanning mileage are obtained, and finally data such as tunnel section convergence, central axis, dislocation, three-dimensional real model, infringement, feathering, segment breakage and rib leakage, coating, crack, water seepage and the like are obtained. The speed can be freely selected from 80-1000m/h according to the fineness degree of the achievements. Section scanning mode: under the section scanning mode, a detector sets 3.6km/h scanning speed by using TSD software, sets interval scanning length and section acquisition interval, scans a scanning trolley scanner along a set mileage section to acquire three-dimensional section data of a specified mileage section, and finally obtains radial convergence data of any mileage section of a tunnel, wherein the radial convergence data comprise data such as ellipticity, a long axis, a short axis, a deflection angle, a horizontal clearance line of any height of the section, a circle center height clearance line length, a vertex height, circle center coordinates and the like.
See fig. 14-19: the mobile scanning trolley of the embodiment specifically comprises: the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner comprises a connecting bracket assembly 4 and a limiting assembly 5, wherein the two connecting bracket assemblies 4 are transversely and symmetrically distributed, the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner 2 is arranged between the two connecting bracket assemblies 4, the limiting assemblies 5 are respectively arranged at two ends of the connecting bracket assemblies 4, and a pulley assembly 6 is arranged at the bottom of the limiting assembly 5;
the connecting bracket assembly 4 comprises a connecting outer tube 401 and two telescopic columns 404 which are respectively arranged at two ends of the connecting outer tube 401 in a sliding penetrating mode, the limiting assembly 5 comprises a limiting main block 501 and a limiting sub block 504, the limiting sub block 504 is fixed at the end portion of the connecting outer tube 401, the limiting main block 501 is fixed on the telescopic columns 404, a groove 502 is formed in the middle of the limiting main block 501, a protruding block 505 is arranged at the bottom of the limiting sub block 504, and the groove 502 can be clamped outside the protruding block 505 along with the sliding of the telescopic columns 404.
When the device is put into use on different rails, the length of the telescopic column is adjusted according to the difference of the width of the rails, and the telescopic column is tightly fixed through the limiting component, so that a limiting sub-block at one end of the limiting component is fixed at a pipe orifice connected with an outer pipe, a limiting main block at the other end of the limiting component is fixed on the rails, the stability of the structure of the device is improved, the application range of the trolley is wider, and when the device is not used, the telescopic column is contracted, and the limiting sub-block and the limiting main block are assembled into a whole through the clamping fit of the protruding block and the groove; the driving wheel is placed on the track, the triangular driven wheels on two sides of the driving wheel are placed on the ground, the driving wheel and the triangular driven wheels are mutually matched, the running stability of the device is improved, the scanning monitoring effect is improved, meanwhile, the triangular driven wheels can realize climbing and other functions, the running requirements of complex terrains are met, and the practicability is high.
In an embodiment, a lifting assembly 1 is connected to the bottom of the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner 2, a bearing plate 3 is fixedly connected between two connecting bracket assemblies 4 in the middle in the longitudinal direction, and the lifting assembly 1 is installed in the middle of the bearing plate 3. By the design, the device is portable and flexible in size and complete and stable in structure.
In an embodiment, the lifting assembly 1 includes a mounting shell 101, a linear motor 103 and a lifting shaft 105, the linear motor 103 is mounted in the mounting shell 101, a shock pad 104 is laid on the bottom surface of the mounting shell 101, a mounting opening 102 is formed in the middle of the upper end surface of the mounting shell 101, the bottom of the lifting shaft 105 passes through the mounting opening 102 and is fixedly mounted with the linear motor 103, and the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the lifting shaft 105. Through the design like this, through the installation shell 101 effectively protects linear electric motor 103 not impaired, linear electric motor 103 drives lift axle 105 realizes automatic rising from top to bottom for the three-dimensional laser scanner 2 of FARO realizes 360 degrees all-round comprehensive scanning monitoring from top to bottom, reinforcing scanning field of vision, shock pad 104 is right linear electric motor 103 plays shock attenuation guard action, improves the stationarity that the three-dimensional laser scanner 2 of FARO of lifting unit 1 top installation removed prevents that the shake in the scanning process from influencing the quality of gained data.
In an embodiment, a buffer protection layer 402 is fixed on the inner circumferential surface of the connecting outer tube 401, a lubrication sleeve 403 is fixed on the inner circumferential surface of the buffer protection layer 402, the telescopic column 404 is slidably mounted in the lubrication sleeve 403, and the inside of the buffer protection layer 402 is filled with a sponge material, and the lubrication sleeve 403 is made of an electroplated metal material. By the design, the telescopic column 404 can freely extend and retract in the inner cavity of the connecting outer tube 401 and move smoothly, stability of the trolley in the running process can be improved, and the phenomenon that the scanning result of the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner 2 at the top end is influenced due to shaking of the connecting outer tube 401 is prevented.
In an embodiment, the limiting sub-block 504 is provided with a through hole 506, the telescopic column 404 slides through the through hole 506, and a locking bolt 507 which can be screwed into the through hole 506 to abut against the telescopic column 404 is mounted at the upper end of the limiting sub-block 504 in a threaded manner. By means of the design, after the length of the telescopic column 404 is adjusted according to the width of the current track, workers can limit and fasten the telescopic column 404 through the locking bolt 507, and accidental loosening is prevented.
In an embodiment, the bottom of the limit nut 501 is provided with a wheel mounting groove 503, the pulley assembly 6 includes a connecting rod 602, a driving wheel 601 mounted in the middle of the connecting rod 602, and two triangular driven wheels 603 mounted at two ends of the connecting rod 602 respectively, the connecting rod 602 is rotatably mounted on the limit nut 501, and the driving wheel 601 is located in the wheel mounting groove 503. By means of the design, the driving wheel 601 is placed on the track, the triangular driven wheels 603 on two sides of the driving wheel 601 are placed on the ground, and the driving wheel 601 and the triangular driven wheels 603 are matched with each other, so that the running stability of the device is improved, and the scanning monitoring effect is improved.
In one embodiment, the triangle driven wheel 603 includes a triangle wheel 605 and three industrial wheels 604 rotatably mounted on the triangle wheel 605 and distributed in an equilateral triangle. By means of the design, the triangular driven wheel 603 can achieve functions of climbing and the like, running requirements of complex terrains are met, and practicality is high.
In one embodiment, the industrial wheel 604 is of a double bearing design and is peripherally mounted with a rubber air washer 606. The design is beneficial to improving the running stability and the scanning accuracy of the trolley.
In an embodiment, a driving motor for driving the driving wheel 601 to rotate is mounted on the limit nut 501. By the design, a worker can control the trolley through remote intelligent equipment, such as a mobile phone or a computer, so that control over a driving motor is further realized, and the trolley is driven to automatically run or stop along a track.
In a specific example, the device further comprises a monitoring datum point, wherein the monitoring datum point is located far away from the blasting influence deformation range and used for verifying the positions of the first total station and the second total station, the monitoring datum point takes a prism as an observation mark, the prism is fixed on the track plate by drilling 2 phi 10 chemical anchors on the track plate, the bolt burial depth is 5-1 Ocm, the drilling diameter is 12mm, and double nuts are used.
In a specific example, the sedimentation monitoring data of the first total station and the second total station adopt a precise photoelectric ranging triangular elevation measurement method; the method comprises the following steps: observing by arranging an instrument at the point O, observing an included angle between the distance OA from the point O to the point A and the horizontal plane, and observing an included angle between the OA' and the horizontal plane after the altitude difference of A changes; according to fig. 12, the elevation change at point a is:
AH＝H′-H＝OA′sina′-OAsina；
precision photoelectric ranging triangle elevation measurement precision analysis
In electro-optical ranging triangular elevation measurement, adopting the line of sight less than or equal to 100m, the overlook angle less than or equal to 10 degrees and 2 returns, and calculating Gao Chengzhong errors for H=oasina according to an error propagation law:
assuming oa=d, then h=dsina, yields:
since a total station with a ranging accuracy of 0.6mm+1ppm and an angular accuracy of 0.5 "is used, 2 returns are employed, then:
then an in-elevation error may be obtained:
then the error in elevation change:
the above formula can be used for meeting the requirement of secondary leveling measurement, and the above elevation measurement method can meet the precision requirement.
In a specific example, the specific method for the displacement monitoring data of the second total station is as follows: the monitoring and the sedimentation monitoring are synchronously carried out;
see fig. 13: the coordinates of each measuring point on the track are measured by a second total station,
calculation principle of horizontal displacement:
assuming that the measurement points at the two ends are numbered DM1 and DM2, the DM1-DM2 cross-section can be expressed by the following linear equation:
a (XA, YA) is the point on the section DM1-DM2, then A is the distance from A to the line:
the distance from the measuring point to the initial straight line is obtained through geometric relation conversion, the current variation is obtained through subtracting the previous calculated value from each calculated value, and the accumulated variation is obtained through subtracting the initial calculated value from each calculated value.
The monitoring points (the distribution of the first total station, the second total station, the vibration monitor, and the pressure sensor) may be determined in number and the distance between the monitoring points according to the construction and the actual monitoring conditions.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The monitoring method based on the tunnel automatic monitoring system is characterized by comprising a monitoring system and a monitoring method;
the monitoring system comprises tunnel ballastless track structure settlement monitoring, tunnel structure horizontal displacement monitoring, a monitoring base station and a control center, wherein the tunnel ballastless track structure settlement monitoring is that a pair of first total stations are arranged at two ends of a tunnel ballastless track at each set distance L1, the tunnel structure settlement monitoring and the tunnel structure horizontal displacement monitoring are that a pair of second total stations are arranged at two sides in a tunnel at each set distance L2, the second total stations are used for simultaneously monitoring track structure settlement and tunnel structure horizontal displacement, the control center is connected with the monitoring base station, and the monitoring base station is connected with the first total stations and the second total stations for communication transmission;
the monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a monitoring period and a monitoring frequency of settlement monitoring, settlement monitoring and horizontal displacement monitoring of a tunnel structure of a tunnel ballastless track structure through a control center;
s2, in a set monitoring period, transmitting monitoring data to a control center through a monitoring base station by a first total station and a second total station at each set time interval; the specific method for the displacement monitoring data of the second total station comprises the following steps: the monitoring and the sedimentation monitoring are synchronously carried out;
the coordinates of each measuring point on the track are measured by a second total station,
calculation principle of horizontal displacement:
assuming that the measurement points at the two ends are numbered DM1 and DM2, the DM1-DM2 cross-section can be expressed by the following linear equation:
a (XA, YA) is the point on the section DM1-DM2, then A is the distance from A to the line:
obtaining the distance from the measuring point to the initial straight line through geometric relation conversion, obtaining the current variation by subtracting the previous calculated value from each calculated value, and obtaining the accumulated variation by subtracting the initial calculated value from each calculated value;
s3, when the control center monitors abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind related departments to perform related processing;
the monitoring system further comprises a tunnel three-dimensional laser scanning system, the tunnel three-dimensional laser scanning system comprises a FARO three-dimensional laser scanner, a mobile scanning trolley and a tablet personal computer, the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner is arranged on the mobile scanning trolley, the tablet personal computer is connected with the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner and used for receiving data, and the mobile scanning trolley is used for moving in a test track and realizing full-automatic structure scanning and tunnel disease detection of a tunnel in an operation period through the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner;
the mobile scanning trolley comprises the following components: the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner comprises a connecting bracket assembly (4) and a limiting assembly (5), wherein the two connecting bracket assemblies (4) are transversely and symmetrically distributed, the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner (2) is arranged between the two connecting bracket assemblies (4), the limiting assemblies (5) are respectively arranged at two ends of the connecting bracket assemblies (4), and a pulley assembly (6) is arranged at the bottom of each limiting assembly (5);
the connecting bracket assembly (4) comprises a connecting outer tube (401) and two telescopic columns (404) which are respectively arranged at two ends of the connecting outer tube (401) in a sliding penetrating mode, the limiting assembly (5) comprises a limiting main block (501) and a limiting sub-block (504), the limiting sub-block (504) is fixed at the end part of the connecting outer tube (401), the limiting main block (501) is fixed on the telescopic columns (404), a groove (502) is formed in the middle of the limiting main block (501), a protruding block (505) is arranged at the bottom of the limiting sub-block (504), and the groove (502) can be clamped outside the protruding block (505) along with the sliding of the telescopic columns (404).
2. The monitoring method based on the tunnel automatic monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring system further comprises tunnel blasting vibration speed monitoring, wherein a vibration monitor is installed on one side in a tunnel for each interval set distance L3, and the vibration monitor is connected with a monitoring base station; the monitoring method comprises the following steps: setting a monitoring period and a monitoring frequency of tunnel blasting vibration speed monitoring through a control center, and setting time at intervals in the set monitoring period; transmitting the monitoring data to a control center through a monitoring base station by a vibration monitor; when the control center monitors abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind related departments to perform related processing.
3. The monitoring method based on the automatic tunnel monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring system further comprises tunnel stress monitoring, wherein a pair of pressure sensors are installed on two sides in a tunnel for each set distance L4, and the pressure sensors are connected with a monitoring base station; the monitoring method comprises the following steps: setting a monitoring period and a monitoring frequency of tunnel stress monitoring through a control center, and setting time at intervals in the set monitoring period; transmitting the monitoring data to a control center through a monitoring base station by a pressure sensor; when the control center monitors abnormal data, the control center sends out early warning to remind related departments to perform related processing.
4. The monitoring method based on the tunnel automatic monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the scanning method of the mobile scanning trolley is as follows: the scanning speeds V1 and V2 of the mobile scanning trolley for full-automatic structure scanning and tunnel defect detection are respectively set through the tablet personal computer; when full-automatic structure scanning is performed, the trolley moves in the test track at a set speed V1, scanning is performed through the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner, and scanning data are transmitted to the tablet personal computer in a wireless mode and recorded; when tunnel defect detection is carried out, the trolley moves in the test track according to the set speed V2, the scanning is carried out through the FARO three-dimensional laser scanner, and scanning data are transmitted to the tablet personal computer in a wireless mode and recorded.
5. The method for monitoring the tunnel-based automatic monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the tablet computer is provided with TSD tunnel three-dimensional scanning software, and the tablet computer is connected with a control center.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising a monitoring reference point located away from the blast-affected deformation range for verifying the location of the first total station and the second total station.
7. The method for monitoring the tunnel-based automatic monitoring system according to claim 6, wherein the monitoring datum point uses a prism as an observation mark, the prism is fixed on the track plate by drilling 2 phi 10 chemical anchors on the track plate, the embedded depth of the bolts is 5-10 cm, the diameter of the drilled holes is 12mm, and double nuts are used.
8. The monitoring method based on the tunnel automatic monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the settlement monitoring data of the first total station and the second total station adopts a precise photoelectric ranging triangular elevation measurement method; the method comprises the following steps: arranging a total station at the point O for observation, observing an included angle between the distance OA from the point O to the point A and the horizontal plane, and observing an included angle between the OA' and the horizontal plane after the altitude difference of A changes; the elevation change of the point A is as follows:
ΔH＝H′-H＝OA′sina′-OAsina；
and (3) precision photoelectric ranging triangular elevation measurement precision analysis:
in electro-optical ranging triangular elevation measurement, adopting the line of sight less than or equal to 100m, the overlook angle less than or equal to 10 degrees and 2 returns, and calculating Gao Chengzhong errors for H=oasina according to an error propagation law:
assuming oa=d, then h=dsina, yields:
since a total station with a ranging accuracy of 0.6mm+1ppm and an angular accuracy of 0.5 "is used, 2 returns are employed, then:
then an in-elevation error may be obtained:
then the error in elevation change:
the above formula can be used for meeting the requirement of secondary leveling measurement, and the above elevation measurement method can meet the precision requirement.
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