CN112748570A - Orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair and near-to-eye light field display module based on same - Google Patents
Orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair and near-to-eye light field display module based on same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair, which introduces an orthogonal generator and an orthogonal detector on the basis that the grating-pixel array pair guides emergent light beams of different pixels of a pixel array to different corresponding visual areas by utilizing the light splitting function of a grating, allows mutual incompatibility between the orthogonal characteristics of light through adjacent grating units, and prevents the pseudo visual areas formed by the transmission of the emergent light beams of each pixel through the adjacent grating units of the corresponding grating units. And further, introducing a projection device to form an image of the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair and the generated visual area thereof, and constructing a near-to-eye light field display module by designing the distance between the images of the adjacent visual areas to be smaller than or equal to the diameter of the pupil of an observer. The pseudovisual area is kept off, the problem of crosstalk when the pupils of an observer and the areas except the visual area images are overlapped is solved, and the near-eye light field display module is allowed to display a low-noise light field by a small number of visual areas, even two visual areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional image display, in particular to an orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair and a near-to-eye light field display module based on the same.
Background
On the basis of the traditional two-dimensional display, people are always dedicated to the development of three-dimensional image display technology to generate a display scene consistent with the dimension of a real three-dimensional world. In the traditional three-dimensional display technology based on stereoscopic vision, corresponding views are respectively projected to two eyes of an observer, and the two eyes are crossed with corresponding depths in the respective visual directions to form three-dimensional feeling. In this process, each eye of the viewer needs to focus on the display surface to see clearly the respective corresponding view, thereby resulting in an inconsistency between the depth of focus and the binocular convergence depth, i.e., a focus-convergence conflict problem. This problem may cause visual discomfort to the observer, and especially when near-eye display is performed, it is a bottleneck problem that prevents popularization and application of three-dimensional display. Currently, starting from a variety of technical routes, researchers are working on various approaches that can alleviate or ultimately overcome this bottleneck problem. In a plurality of visual areas generated by optical devices in the existing near-eye light field display equipment, the problem of crosstalk exists between corresponding views of adjacent visual areas, and a solution is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair and a near-eye light field display module based on the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair through a visual area with a grating projection distance not larger than the diameter of a pupil of an observer, and solves the problem that noise formed when emergent light of each pixel is emitted through a non-corresponding grating unit in the traditional grating three-dimensional display affects the three-dimensional display quality. The orthogonal generator and the orthogonal detector allow the transmission of emergent light of each pixel to the non-corresponding grating adjacent to the corresponding grating of the pixel through the incompatible characteristics between the optical characteristics of light by designing the adjacent grating units, so that the low-noise near-eye light field display is realized.
An object of the present invention is to provide an orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair, including:
the grating-pixel array pair comprises a pixel array for displaying optical information and a grating, wherein the pixel array is formed by pixel arrangement, the grating is formed by grating unit arrangement, pixels corresponding to each grating unit form a pixel group corresponding to the grating unit, emergent light of each pixel of the pixel group is respectively guided to a corresponding visual area through the grating unit, so that each pixel of the pixel group is respectively visible in the corresponding visual area, and a pixel set corresponding to the visual area is constructed by the pixel corresponding to each visual area;
the orthogonal detector is formed by arranging orthogonal detection units, each orthogonal detection unit is arranged at each grating unit of the grating in a one-to-one correspondence mode and corresponds to the pixel group corresponding to the corresponding grating unit, and each orthogonal detection unit allows light beams with corresponding orthogonal characteristics to pass through and simultaneously blocks light beams with other non-corresponding orthogonal characteristics;
and the orthogonal generator is arranged at the pixel array and consists of orthogonal generating units which are arranged, the orthogonal generating units correspond to the orthogonal detecting units of the orthogonal detector and the grating units and the pixel groups corresponding to the orthogonal detecting units one by one, and the emergent light beams of the pixels of the corresponding pixel groups are constrained to have corresponding orthogonal characteristics after passing through the orthogonal generating units.
The invention also provides a near-to-eye light field display module based on the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair, which comprises the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair, an
The projection device is arranged behind the grating-pixel array pair along the transmission direction of the emergent light beam of the pixel array, projects a pixel virtual image of each pixel of the pixel array to a corresponding projection surface, constructs a pixel array virtual image, projects a grating unit virtual image of each grating unit of the grating to the corresponding projection surface, constructs a grating virtual image, and projects an image of each generated visual area to the vicinity of an effective visual area surface, wherein the image of each visual area is named as an effective visual area, and the adjacent distance of the effective visual areas is smaller than or equal to the pupil diameter Dp of an observer;
and the control device is used for controlling each pixel to load corresponding light information, and the corresponding light information of each pixel is projection information of the effective visual area corresponding to the pixel of the scene to be displayed on the pixel virtual image.
Further, the orthogonal characteristic is a polarization characteristic in which polarization directions are perpendicular to each other, or a polarization characteristic in which polarization directions are left-handed and right-handed, respectively, or a time-series characteristic in which light is not simultaneously passed.
Further, the projection device is an optical device having an imaging function.
Further, the projection device is a lens, a lens group, a phase picture device, a grating device or a liquid crystal device with an imaging function.
Further, the projection device is an optical device with time-series variable focusing capacity;
the near-to-eye light field display module of the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair is set to be capable of forming a plurality of projection surfaces and corresponding effective visual areas in different depths in a time sequence mode, when the projection surfaces are projected to the different depths, the control device synchronously loads corresponding information to each pixel, the corresponding information is projection information of a scene to be displayed, corresponding effective visual areas of the pixels are projected on corresponding pixel virtual images on the projection surfaces, and the depth of field of the displayed scene is improved based on visual retention;
or the binocular convergence depth of an observer is tracked in real time, the projection plane closest to the binocular convergence depth is driven by the control device to display information synchronously, information is loaded on the corresponding pixels of each pixel virtual image on the projection plane, and the projection information of the corresponding effective visual area on the pixel virtual image of a scene to be displayed is provided, so that the display depth of field is improved.
Furthermore, the projection device is a liquid crystal lens with controllable focal length and time sequence or a composite liquid crystal lens formed by overlapping a plurality of liquid crystal sheets, different combinations of the liquid crystal sheets in the composite liquid crystal lens can generate different focusing capacities, and different time sequence focal lengths are realized by driving different combinations of the liquid crystal sheets through time sequences.
Further, the near-eye light field display module based on the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair further comprises a relay device, wherein the relay device is placed adjacent to the projection device and guides the light beams from the pixel array to transmit to the pupils of the observer.
Further, the relay device is a beam deflector that changes the propagation direction of the light beam.
Further, the relay device is a reflector or a half-mirror.
Further, the relay device is an optical path folding structure capable of shortening the space distance between the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair and the projection device.
Further, the optical path folding structure includes: a selective reflection-transmission mirror, an optical characteristic adjustment sheet, and a reflection sheet, wherein the selective reflection-transmission mirror reflects and transmits light beams having different optical characteristics, respectively, and defines a transmission-corresponding optical characteristic as a transmission characteristic and a reflection-corresponding optical characteristic as a reflection characteristic;
wherein the positional relationship between the selective reflection-transmission mirror, the optical characteristic adjustment sheet, and the reflection sheet is set so as to satisfy the following condition: the light beams with the reflection characteristics are reflected after being incident on the selective reflection-transmission mirror for the first time, then are reflected by the reflection sheet again after passing through the optical characteristic modulation sheet for the first time, and are incident on the optical characteristic modulation sheet again, the light beams which pass through the optical characteristic modulation sheet for the second time are converted into the transmission characteristics from the reflection characteristics, and then are transmitted to the region where the pupil of the observer is located after being transmitted through the selective reflection-transmission mirror.
Furthermore, the reflector is a reflector or a half-mirror, and the reflection characteristic and the transmission characteristic are two linear polarization states with mutually perpendicular polarization directions.
Further, the optical path folding structure further comprises a polarization state pre-modulation sheet, and the polarization state pre-modulation sheet is used for modulating the light beams from the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array to enable the light beams to be incident on the selective reflection-transmission mirror for the first time with the reflection characteristic.
Further, the optical path folding structure includes: a selective reflection-transmission mirror, a first optical characteristic modulation sheet and a second optical characteristic modulation sheet, a first reflection sheet and a second reflection sheet, wherein the selective reflection-transmission mirror reflects and transmits light beams having different optical characteristics, respectively, and defines a transmission corresponding optical characteristic as a transmission characteristic and a reflection corresponding optical characteristic as a reflection characteristic;
wherein the selective reflection-transmission mirror, the first optical characteristic adjustment sheet, and the second optical characteristic adjustment sheet, a positional relationship between the first reflection sheet and the second reflection sheet is set to satisfy the following condition: the light beam with the reflection characteristic is obliquely incident to the selective reflection-transmission mirror for the first time and then reflected, then passes through the second optical characteristic modulation sheet once and then is reflected by the second reflection sheet again, and is incident to the second optical characteristic modulation sheet again, the light beam which passes through the second optical characteristic modulation sheet twice converts the reflection characteristic into the transmission characteristic corresponding to the optical characteristic, and then is transmitted to the region where the pupil of the observer is located after being transmitted through the selective reflection-transmission mirror; the light beam with the transmission characteristic is obliquely incident to the selective reflection-transmission mirror for the first time and then is transmitted, then is reflected by the first reflection sheet again after passing through the first optical characteristic modulation sheet once and then is incident to the optical characteristic modulation sheet again, the light beam which passes through the second optical characteristic modulation sheet twice is converted into the reflection characteristic from the transmission characteristic corresponding to the optical characteristic, and then is reflected by the selective reflection-transmission mirror and continuously transmitted to the area where the pupil of an observer is located.
Further, the optical path folding structure is a medium with a refractive index larger than air and arranged between the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair and the projection device.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the grating light splitting to project effective visual areas with the distance smaller than the diameter of the pupil to the pupil of an observer, and designs the incompatible characteristics between the optical characteristics of the light allowed to pass through by the adjacent grating units so as to overcome the crosstalk between the view information corresponding to each visual area and enable the near-to-eye light field display with low noise to be realized by a small number of visual areas.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the multi-view projection principle of a conventional grating-pixel array pair.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an orthogonal property grating-pixel array versus optical structure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of blocking out the pseudovisual area in the generation visual area by the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the optical structure of a monocular near-eye light field display module based on an orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of pseudoscopic region blocking of a monocular near-eye light field display module based on an orthogonal characteristic grid-pixel array pair.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a monocular near-eye light field display module using a mirror as a relay device.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a monocular near-eye optical field display module with a relay device as an optical path folding structure.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a second example of a monocular near-eye optical field display module with a relay device as an optical path folding structure.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a monocular near-eye optical field display module with a relay device as an optical path folding structure.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a monocular near-eye light field display module with a relay device and a projection device integrated.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a monocular near-eye light field display module incorporating a relay device assembly and a projection device.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. According to the invention, through designing the adjacent grating units, the cross talk between the views corresponding to the adjacent visual areas when the grating splits light to generate a plurality of visual areas is inhibited, and through controlling the distance between the adjacent visual areas, the low-noise near-eye light field display module capable of realizing monocular multi-view is provided, so that the problem of cross talk when the pupils of an observer enter the area outside the visual area image is solved, and especially, the low-noise light field display is realized under the condition that a small number of visual areas are allowed to be transmitted to the pupils of the observer, even two visual areas are allowed. The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Examples
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The optical structure of a conventional grating-pixel array pair is shown in fig. 1, and includes a grating 20 and a pixel array 10. The pixel array 10 is formed by arranging pixels to display optical information and emit light beams. According to the grating beam splitting geometrical relation shown in figure 1
(De-Db)/De＝g/pe (1)。
Emergent light of each pixel of M pixel sets on the pixel array 10 is guided to M corresponding visual regions through the grating 20. Wherein D iseIs the distance between the display screen 10 and the viewing area, DbIs the distance between the display screen 10 and the light-splitting device 20, peThe distance between adjacent pixels of the display screen 10 in the arrangement direction of the grating units of the grating 20 is g, which is equal to the distance between the centers of two adjacent grating units and also equal to the distance between side points on the same side of the adjacent grating, and M is the number of the generated viewing areas, where M is ≧ 2. In fig. 1, taking M as an example 2, pixels p1, p3, p5, p7 and … constitute a pixel set 1, and pixel emergent light of the pixel is guided to a visual region vz1 by a grating 20, that is, all pixels of the pixel set 1 are visible in the visual region vz 1; p2, p4, p6, p8, … constitute pixelet 2 whose pixel exit light is directed by grating 20 to viewing zone vz2, i.e., all pixels of pixelet 2 are visible within viewing zone zv 2. The grating units forming the grating 20 respectively correspond to a pixel group including M pixels on the pixel array 10, and M pixel emergent light of the pixel group is guided to M viewing zones respectively through the grating units. For example, in fig. 1, the grating unit g2 corresponds to a pixel group consisting of a pixel p2 and a pixel p3, outgoing light from the pixel p2 and the pixel p3 is respectively guided to the viewing zones vz2 and vz1, the grating unit g3 corresponds to a pixel group consisting of a pixel p4 and a pixel p5, outgoing light from the pixel p4 and the pixel p5 is respectively guided to the viewing zones vz2 and vz1, and so on. And each pixel loads projection information of the target scene to be displayed, which is related to the visual area corresponding to the pixel, on the pixel, so that the views corresponding to the two visual areas can be received in the visual area zv1 and the visual area zv2, and multi-view presentation based on the grating is realized.
In fact, each grating unit corresponds to a pixel in the pixel group, and the outgoing light may also exit through the grating unit adjacent to the grating unit, for example, pixels p2, p4, p6, … are respectively guided to the pseudo-viewing region pz1 through the non-corresponding grating units g1, g2, g3, …. While pixels p2, p4, p6, … load information, which is the view of the target scene relative to view vz2, and not relative to pz 1. The information received in pseudo-view region pz1 is then erroneous information that is not needed by the viewer, i.e. noise. Similarly, the information that the pixels p1, p3, p5 and … are guided to the pseudo-vision region pz2 through the non-corresponding grating units g2, g4, g6 and … exists as noise.
In order to suppress the above noise, the present patent introduces the orthogonal detector 40 and the orthogonal generator 30 in the conventional grating-pixel array pair shown in fig. 1, and constructs an orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair. The orthogonal detector 40 is formed by arranging orthogonal detection units, each of which is disposed corresponding to each of the grating units of the grating 20 and corresponds to a corresponding pixel group of the corresponding grating unit, as shown in fig. 2. The quadrature detection units 40a, 40b, 40c, … of the quadrature detector 40 correspond to the grating units g1, g2, g3, … of the grating 20, respectively. Each orthogonal detection unit allows the light beam with the corresponding orthogonal characteristic to pass through and enter the corresponding grating unit of the orthogonal detection unit, and simultaneously blocks other orthogonal characteristic light beams from passing through. Fig. 2 exemplifies horizontal polarization and vertical polarization as orthogonal characteristics, where the xz in-plane direction is the horizontal direction and y is the vertical direction. The orthogonal detecting units 40a, 40c, 40e, … are all horizontal polarizers, and the orthogonal detecting units 40b, 40d, … are all vertical polarizers, wherein the horizontal polarizers allow only light beams having a polarization direction in the horizontal direction to pass therethrough, and do not allow light beams having a polarization direction in the vertical direction to pass therethrough, and the vertical polarizers allow only light beams having a polarization direction in the vertical direction to pass therethrough, and do not allow light beams having a polarization direction in the horizontal direction to pass therethrough.
An orthogonal generator 30 is introduced at the pixel array 10 corresponding to the orthogonal detection device 40 introduced at the grating array 20. The orthogonal generator 30 is composed of an orthogonal generating unit, each orthogonal generating unit corresponds to each orthogonal detecting unit of the orthogonal detector 40 and the grating unit and the pixel group corresponding to the orthogonal detecting unit one by one, and is arranged at the corresponding pixel group, and the emergent light beams of the pixels of the corresponding pixel group are constrained to have corresponding orthogonal characteristics after passing through the orthogonal generating unit. Specifically, in fig. 2, the orthogonal generation units 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e, … and the detection units 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d, 40e, … are sequentially in one-to-one correspondence, and the grating units g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, … corresponding to the detection units 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d, 40e, … are sequentially in one-to-one correspondence. Each orthogonal generation unit and the corresponding raster unit also correspond to the same pixel group, i.e., the orthogonal generation unit 30b corresponds to the pixel group consisting of the pixel p2 and the pixel p3, the orthogonal generation unit 30c corresponds to the pixel group consisting of the pixel p4 and the pixel p5, and so on. Each of the orthogonal detection units modulates the optical characteristics of the light beam from each pixel of the corresponding pixel group, and after passing through the orthogonal generation unit, the light beam from each pixel of the corresponding pixel group is emitted with the orthogonal characteristics corresponding to the orthogonal detection unit. Specifically, under the action of each orthogonal generating unit, the emergent light of the pixels p1, p4, p5, p8 and … of the corresponding pixel groups of the orthogonal detecting units 40a, 40c, 40e and … respectively passes through the corresponding orthogonal generating units 30a, 30c, 30e and …, and then shows horizontal polarized light, and all the emergent light can pass through the corresponding orthogonal detecting units, but can not pass through the adjacent orthogonal detecting units of the corresponding orthogonal detecting units; the light emitted from the pixels p2, p3, p6, p7 and … of the corresponding pixel groups of the orthogonal detection units 40b, 40d and … respectively passes through the corresponding orthogonal generation units 30b, 30d and …, and is vertically polarized light, and can pass through the corresponding orthogonal detection unit, but cannot pass through the adjacent orthogonal detection unit of the corresponding orthogonal detection unit. The orthogonal generating unit may be a polarizer or a wave plate (on the premise that the pixel emergent light is polarized light). Then, as shown in fig. 3, the light emitted from each pixel is blocked by pseudo-vision regions pz1 and pz2 formed by the light emitted from the adjacent grating units of the corresponding grating unit. In the above process, the orthogonal vertical polarized light and the horizontal polarized light can be replaced by other linear polarized lights with two polarization directions perpendicular to each other, or by left-handed light and right-handed light on the premise of selecting the corresponding orthogonal detection unit.
The orthogonal characteristic may also be a timing characteristic in which adjacent grating elements are cycled on at different points in time. For example, the orthogonal detection units are time-sequence controllable switch apertures, and T groups of orthogonal detection units can be arranged, wherein each group of orthogonal detection units is composed of one or more orthogonal detection units with the interval of T-1 orthogonal detection units. The T groups of orthogonal detection units are sequentially turned on at T time points T + T × Δ T/T (positive integer T ≧ 2, positive integer T ═ 0, 1, …, T-1) within the time period Δ T, and only one group of orthogonal detection units is in an on state at each time point, and the other groups of orthogonal detection units are in an off state. When each orthogonal detection unit group is opened, corresponding information is loaded corresponding to each pixel group, and other pixel groups are closed or blocked by corresponding orthogonal generation units. When each pixel loads corresponding information, the emergent light of each pixel cannot pass through each T-1 orthogonal detection units adjacent to two sides of the corresponding orthogonal detection unit, so that the corresponding fake visual area beside the generated visual area is blocked. Other optical characteristics having orthogonal properties may be similarly used as orthogonal characteristics instead of the above-described polarization characteristics or time-series characteristics. In the above process, a grating arranged in a one-dimensional direction is taken as an example for explanation. The gratings arranged in the one-dimensional direction can be replaced by two-dimensional gratings, and the two dimensions are processed according to the process, so that the pseudo visual area adjacent to the visual area is blocked. However, in two directions, the number of the adjacent grating units of one grating unit is increased, and more orthogonal characteristics, such as the combination of polarization characteristics and time sequence characteristics, are required to realize the pseudovisual area blocking of the near visual area in two-dimensional directions.
Further, a projection device 50 is introduced, and is placed in the grating-pixel array pair along the transmission direction of the outgoing light beam of the pixel array 10, and then a monocular near-eye light field display module based on the grating-pixel array pair with the orthogonal characteristic is built, as shown in fig. 4. Wherein each pixel is information loaded by the control device 80. Fig. 5 is a diagram for explaining a display principle of the near-eye light field display module shown in fig. 4. The projection device 50 images a pixel virtual image of each pixel of the pixel array 10 to the corresponding projection surface 11, constructs a pixel array virtual image 10 ', images a grating unit virtual image of each grating unit of the grating 20 to the corresponding projection surface 21, constructs a grating virtual image 20', and projects a visual area image of each generated visual area to the effective visual area surface 51, wherein each visual area image is named as an effective visual area. In fig. 5, p '1, p' 2, p '3, p' 4, … are pixel virtual images of the pixels p1, p2, p3, p4, … shown in fig. 4, respectively, g '1, g' 2, g '3, g' 4, … are grating unit virtual images of the light splitting units g1, g2, g3, g4, … shown in fig. 4, respectively, and the effective viewing zones Ivz1 and Ivz2 are images of viewing zones vz1 and vz2 generated as in fig. 1 when the projection device 50 is not present, respectively. Fig. 5 illustrates a real image of a viewing zone as an effective viewing zone, which may also be a virtual image of the corresponding viewing zone. Due to the presence of quadrature detector 40 and quadrature generator 30, artifact views adjacent to the view shown in fig. 2 are blocked and their images do not appear in fig. 5. From the geometry shown in fig. 1, the viewing zone spacing e can be found:
e＝(De-Db)×pe/Db (2)。
then, according to the object image relationship, the effective visual area interval e' is determined. Adjusting the relevant optical parameters to
e′≤Dp (3)，
The appropriately positioned observer pupil 70 may receive two views of the effective viewing zone Ivz1 and Ivz2, respectively, corresponding to the pixlet loading. Different sagittal beams from the two views are spatially superposed to form a monocular naturally-focused spatial object point, so that light field display is realized. Wherein, each pixel is loaded with information by the control device 80, and each pixel is loaded with information correspondingly, which is information on a view of the target scene about an effective visual area corresponding to the pixel and on a pixel virtual image corresponding to the pixel.
Fig. 5 illustrates an example of generating an effective viewing zone where M is 2, and when more effective viewing zones are generated with a distance smaller than the diameter of the observer's pupil, a single eye corresponding to the observer's pupil 70 may obtain a larger viewing zone and receive two or more views at any position within the zone. Under the effect of the orthogonal detection unit 40 and the orthogonal generation unit 30, the pseudo-visual region and the image thereof do not appear. Then, there is a crosstalk-free region in the adjacent region of the effective visual area, and when the pupil of the observer is overlapped with the region due to the uncontrollable shift relative to the center of the effective visual area, as long as two or more views can be received, correct light field information acquisition can still be ensured, without considering the noise caused by the pseudovisual area. This is especially important for generating a near-to-eye light field display module with a small number of effective visual areas. For example, in the case of 2 effective viewing zones, the distance between M and 2 effective viewing zones is not greater than the diameter of the observer pupil 70, or the observer pupil 70 cannot be completely covered, or the covered area is slightly larger than the observer pupil 70. Then if an artifact exists, its region will either inevitably overlap the observer's pupil 70, or will overlap the observer's pupil 70 if the observer's pupil 70 is slightly off center in the effective viewing zone. The noise in the region where the pseudovisual region is located will seriously affect the quality of the light information received by the observer's pupil 70. The near-to-eye light field module based on the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair avoids the problem, and enables near-to-eye light field display to be possible by using a small number of effective visual areas. And the small number of effective visual areas can keep the reasonable resolution ratio of the corresponding views, thereby being beneficial to improving the three-dimensional presentation quality.
In fact, the grating-pixel array pair with orthogonal characteristics described in this patent may also be applied to other optical systems that operate by using the conventional grating-pixel array pair, so as to replace the conventional grating-pixel array pair in these systems, and reduce the influence of the conventional grating-pixel array on the crosstalk corresponding to the intrinsic pseudo visual area.
Fig. 4 and 5 specifically show a single lens as the projection device 50, and the projection device 50 may also be a lens group, a grating device, a liquid crystal device, or other devices or combinations of devices having an imaging function. In particular, the projection device 50 may also be an optical device with variable focusing capability, such as a liquid crystal lens with controllable focal length and time sequence, and a composite liquid crystal lens formed by stacking a plurality of liquid crystals. The liquid crystal lens can sequentially project pixel array virtual images to projection surfaces of different depths by changing the phase modulation capability of the liquid crystal lens; the combination of different liquid crystal plates of the composite liquid crystal lens is functionally equivalent to the lenses with different focal lengths, and different pixel array virtual images are projected to projection surfaces with different depths in time sequence by driving different liquid crystal plate combinations in time sequence. On a plurality of projection surfaces generated in time sequence, information loading can be synchronously carried out according to the related process of FIG. 5, each projection surface is responsible for projecting light field information in a certain depth range nearby, and based on visual retention, light fields at different depths projected by different projection surfaces are spatially connected to realize the extension of the depth of field of display; the binocular convergence depth of the observer can also be tracked in real time by using an external real-time tracking unit, the projection plane closest to the depth is synchronously driven, information loading is carried out according to the relevant process of the figure 5, and the function of improving the depth of field of display is also achieved. The former of which places high demands on the refresh frequency of the bank devices.
The light field display module based on the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair shown in fig. 4 and 5 does not allow external ambient light to enter the pupil 70 of an observer, and can be used as an eyepiece of a VR system, and two display modules construct a VR light field system. For further application to AR, a relay device 60 may be incorporated into the light field display module based on orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pairs, as illustrated in fig. 6. The relay device is disposed adjacent to the projection device 50, and may be disposed in front of the projection device 50 or behind the projection device 50 along the light beam transmission direction, and guides the light beams from the pixel array 10 to transmit toward the observer's pupil 70. Fig. 6 illustrates a transflective mirror as the relay device 60. External ambient light is also allowed to enter the observer's pupil 70 while reflecting light beams from the pixel array. Two structures shown in fig. 6, AR systems can be constructed.
The relay device 60 may also be an optical path folding structure for shortening the spatial distance between the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair and the projection device 50, so as to realize a thinner optical field display module based on the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair. The optical path folding structure includes a selective reflection-transmission mirror 601, an optical characteristic adjustment sheet 602, and a reflection sheet 603. Among them, the selective reflection-transmission mirror 601 has a characteristic in that it reflects and transmits light beams having different optical characteristics, respectively. In this patent, it is defined that the optical characteristic corresponding to the transmitted light beam of the selective reflection-transmission mirror 601 is a transmission characteristic, and the optical characteristic corresponding to the reflected light beam is a reflection characteristic. The spatial position of each component of the optical path folding structure is set, and the following functions are realized as a criterion: the light beam with reflection characteristics from the pixel array is first incident on the selective reflection-transmission mirror 601 and then reflected, then first passes through the optical characteristics adjustment sheet 602 and is reflected again by the reflection sheet 603, and then enters the optical characteristics adjustment sheet 602 again, the light beam passing through the optical characteristics adjustment sheet 602 twice is converted from reflection characteristics into transmission characteristics corresponding to the optical characteristics, and after being transmitted through the selective reflection-transmission mirror 601, continues to propagate to the region where the pupil 50 of the observer is located.
FIG. 7 shows a polarizing mirror as an alternativeA specific example of the selective reflection-transmission mirror 601 is explained. The selective reflection-transmission mirror 601 reflects vertically polarized light with a polarization direction along the y-direction, which is denoted by "·" in the figure, and transmits horizontally polarized light with a polarization direction parallel to the xz-plane, which is denoted by "·" in the figure
Representing horizontally polarized light. That is, the vertical polarization characteristic is used as the reflection characteristic, and the horizontal polarization characteristic is used as the transmission characteristic.
The reflective plate 603 is a half-mirror, and the optical characteristic adjustment plate 602 is a quarter-wave plate. The circularly polarized light passing through the reflective sheet 603 is first reflected by the selective reflection/transmission mirror 601, then enters the optical characteristic modulation sheet 602 again and is modulated into circularly polarized light, and enters the optical characteristic modulation sheet 602 for the third time after being reflected by the reflective sheet 603, and the optical characteristic of the outgoing light beam is modulated into transmission characteristic, and is transmitted through the selective reflection/transmission mirror 601 and propagates to the area where the pupil 70 of the observer is located. In order to ensure that the optical characteristics of the light beam from the pixel array 10 after passing through the reflective sheet 603 are circularly polarized as required by the optical characteristic adjustment sheet 602, the polarization state pre-adjustment sheet 604 is disposed between the pixel array 10 and the reflective sheet 603, and modulates the optical characteristics of the light beam from the pixel array 10 so that the light beam becomes circularly polarized as required by the adjustment sheet 602. Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the light flux of the pixel array 10 enters a polarization state pre-adjustment sheet 604 and is modulated into circular polarization required for an optical property adjustment sheet 602, the circular polarization passes through a reflection sheet 603, then is modulated into vertical polarization having a polarization direction in the y direction after passing through the optical property adjustment sheet 602, the vertical polarization is then reflected by a selective reflection-transmission mirror 601 to enter the optical property adjustment sheet 602 and is modulated into circular polarization having a polarization direction opposite to the circular polarization direction of the first incident light 602 by the optical property adjustment sheet 602, the circular polarization modulated by the optical property adjustment sheet 602 is then reflected by a reflection sheet 603 to enter the optical property adjustment sheet 602 and is adjusted into horizontal polarization having a transmission polarization direction parallel to the xz plane, and then is transmitted through the selective reflection-transmission mirror 601 and propagates toward the area where the pupil 70 of the observer is located. The light beams pass through the space between the selective reflection-transmission mirror 601 and the reflector 603 for three times, and the thinner light field display module based on the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair is realized by folding the light path. It should be noted here that when the selective reflective-transmissive mirror 601 selects a polarization state as its reflective characteristic and transmissive characteristic, the orthogonal characteristic of the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair cannot select the polarization state any more, and other orthogonal characteristics, such as timing characteristics, need to be selected.
The optical path folding structure shown in fig. 8 uses a polarizing beam splitter as a selective reflection-transmission mirror 601, and has a vertical polarization state as a reflection characteristic and a horizontal polarization state as a transmission characteristic. Two reflective sheets: the first and second reflection plates 603a and 603b, and the two quarter-wave plates as the first and second optical characteristic adjustment plates 602a and 602b, similarly to the method of the optical characteristic adjustment plate 602 converting the optical characteristic of the two-pass beam from the reflection characteristic to the transmission characteristic in fig. 7, perform optical path folding on the beams transmitted and reflected by the selective reflection-transmission mirror 601, respectively, and finally, all the beams are directed to the pupil 70 of the observer. The structure shown in fig. 8 allows the orthogonal characteristic of the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair to be a polarization characteristic, i.e., to coincide with two polarization states corresponding to the transflective characteristic of the selective reflection-transmission mirror 601, as compared with the beam compression structure shown in fig. 7. Compared with the structure shown in fig. 8, the structure shown in fig. 9, which also uses a polarizing beam splitter as the selective reflection-transmission mirror 601, allows external ambient light to enter the observer pupil 70 through the selective reflection-transmission mirror 601, but at the same time, the external ambient light is usually natural light in an unpolarized state, and the optical characteristics of the transmitted light selected by the selective reflection-transmission mirror 601 may cause the light intensity of the external ambient light entering the observer pupil 70 to be attenuated. Meanwhile, in the structure shown in fig. 9, the orthogonal property of the orthogonal property grating-pixel array pair cannot select a polarization state any more.
In the above-described optical structure of the module, the optical path folding structure may also be a simple medium having a refractive index greater than air and disposed between the grating-pixel array pair of the orthogonal property and the projection device 50, and the spatial distance between the grating-pixel array pair of the orthogonal property and the projection device 50 is shortened by increasing the optical path at the same spatial distance, which may be regarded as an equivalent optical path folding.
The functions of the projection device 50 and the relay device 60 can be realized by a combined device, such as a free-form surface device having imaging, reflecting and deflecting functions as shown in fig. 10. The surfaces F1, F2 and F3 collectively function as an image of the projection device 50, and the surfaces F2 and F3 have the reflection function of the relay device 60. The F4 plane is a transmission compensation plane that allows external ambient light to pass through and enter the observer's pupil 70, while compensating for the effects of the F3 plane on the external ambient light. In the structure of fig. 8 in which the optical path folding structure is used as the relay device 60, the first reflective sheet 603a and the second reflective sheet 603b, which are components of the projection device 50 and the relay device, may be implemented by two reflective imaging lenses, such as 50a and 50b in fig. 11.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. This can be achieved. And thus are not exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. An orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair, comprising:
the grating-pixel array pair comprises a pixel array (10) for displaying optical information and a grating (20), wherein the pixel array (10) is formed by pixel arrangement, the grating (20) is formed by grating unit arrangement, pixels corresponding to each grating unit form a pixel group corresponding to the grating unit, emergent light of each pixel of the pixel group is respectively guided to a corresponding visual area through the grating unit, so that each pixel of the pixel group is respectively visible in the corresponding visual area, and a pixel set corresponding to the visual area is constructed by the pixel corresponding to each visual area;
the orthogonal detector (40) is formed by arranging orthogonal detection units, each orthogonal detection unit is arranged at each grating unit of the grating (20) in a one-to-one correspondence mode and corresponds to a pixel group corresponding to the corresponding grating unit, and each orthogonal detection unit allows light beams with corresponding orthogonal characteristics to pass through and simultaneously blocks other light beams with non-corresponding orthogonal characteristics;
the orthogonal generator (30) is arranged at the pixel array (10) and is formed by arranging orthogonal generating units, each orthogonal generating unit corresponds to each orthogonal detecting unit of the orthogonal detector (40) and the grating unit and the pixel group corresponding to the orthogonal detecting unit one by one, and the emergent light beams of the pixels of the corresponding pixel group are restrained to have corresponding orthogonal characteristics after passing through the orthogonal generating unit.
2. A near-to-eye light field display module based on an orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair, comprising the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair of claim 1, and:
the projection device (50) is arranged behind the grating-pixel array pair along the transmission direction of the emergent light beam of the pixel array (10), projects a pixel virtual image of each pixel of the pixel array (10) to a corresponding projection surface (11), constructs a pixel array virtual image (10 '), projects a grating unit virtual image of each grating unit of the grating (20) to a corresponding projection surface (21), constructs a grating virtual image (20'), projects images of each generated visual area to the vicinity of an effective visual area surface (51), wherein the image of each visual area is named as an effective visual area, and the adjacent distance of the effective visual area is smaller than or equal to the diameter D (70) of a pupil (70) of an observerp；
And the control device (80) controls each pixel to load corresponding light information, wherein the corresponding light information of each pixel is projection information of an effective visual area corresponding to the pixel on a virtual image of the pixel of a scene to be displayed.
3. The near-to-eye light field display module based on the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair as claimed in claim 2, wherein the orthogonal characteristic is a polarization characteristic in which polarization directions are perpendicular to each other, or a polarization characteristic in which polarization directions are left-handed and right-handed respectively, or a time sequence characteristic of non-simultaneous light passing.
4. The near-to-eye light field display module based on the orthogonal property grating-pixel array pair as claimed in claim 2, wherein the projection device (50) is an optical device with imaging function.
5. The near-to-eye light field display module based on orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair as claimed in claim 4, wherein the projection device (50) is a lens, a lens group, a bit-picture device, a grating device or a liquid crystal device with imaging function.
6. The near-to-eye light field display module based on the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair as claimed in claim 4, wherein the projection device (50) is an optical device with time-series variation of focusing capacity;
the near-to-eye light field display module of the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair is set to be capable of forming a plurality of projection surfaces and corresponding effective visual areas in different depths in a time sequence mode, when the projection surfaces are projected to the different depths, a control device (80) synchronously loads corresponding information to each pixel, the corresponding information is projection information of a scene to be displayed, corresponding effective visual areas of the pixels are located on corresponding pixel virtual images on the projection surfaces, and the depth of field of the displayed scene is improved based on visual retention;
or the binocular convergence depth of an observer is tracked in real time, the control device (80) drives the projection plane closest to the depth to display information synchronously, the pixel corresponding to each pixel virtual image on the projection plane loads information, and the projection information of the corresponding effective visual area on the pixel virtual image is displayed for a scene to be displayed, so that the display depth of field is improved.
7. The near-to-eye light field display module based on the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair as claimed in claim 6, wherein the projection device (50) is a liquid crystal lens with controllable focal length and time sequence, or a composite liquid crystal lens formed by stacking a plurality of liquid crystal plates, and different combinations of different liquid crystal plates in the composite liquid crystal lens can generate different focusing capacities, and different time sequence focal lengths can be realized by driving different combinations of liquid crystal plates in time sequence.
8. The orthonormal grating-pixel array pair based near-eye light field display module of claim 2, further comprising a relay device (60) disposed adjacent to the projection device (50) and directing light beams from the pixel array (10) toward the viewer's pupil (70).
9. The near-to-eye light field display module based on the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair as claimed in claim 8, wherein the relay device (60) is a beam deflector for changing the propagation direction of the light beam.
10. The near-to-eye light field display module based on the orthogonal property grating-pixel array pair as claimed in claim 9, wherein the relay device (60) is a mirror or a half mirror.
11. The near-eye light field display module based on the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair as claimed in claim 8, wherein the relay device (60) is an optical path folding structure capable of shortening the spatial distance between the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair and the projection device (50).
12. The near-to-eye light field display module based on the orthogonal property grating-pixel array pair as claimed in claim 11, wherein the optical path folding structure comprises: a selective reflection-transmission mirror (601), an optical characteristic adjustment sheet (602), and a reflection sheet (603), wherein the selective reflection-transmission mirror (601) reflects and transmits light beams having different optical characteristics, respectively, defining a transmission-corresponding optical characteristic as a transmission characteristic, and a reflection-corresponding optical characteristic as a reflection characteristic;
wherein a positional relationship among the selective reflection-transmission mirror (601), the optical characteristic adjustment sheet (602), and the reflection sheet (603) is set so as to satisfy the following condition: the light beam with the reflection characteristic is reflected after being incident on the selective reflection-transmission mirror (601) for the first time, then is reflected by the reflection sheet (603) again after passing through the optical characteristic modulation sheet (602) for the first time, and is incident on the optical characteristic modulation sheet (602) again, the light beam passing through the optical characteristic modulation sheet (602) for two times is converted into the transmission characteristic from the reflection characteristic according to the optical characteristic, and then is transmitted through the selective reflection-transmission mirror (601) and continuously propagates to the area where the pupil (50) of the observer is located.
13. The near-to-eye light field display module as claimed in claim 12, wherein the reflector (603) is a mirror or a half mirror, and the reflection characteristic and the transmission characteristic are two linear polarization states with mutually perpendicular polarization directions.
14. The near-to-eye light field display module as claimed in claim 12 wherein the optical path folding structure further comprises a polarization state pre-modulation sheet (604) for modulating the light beam from the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array to be incident on the selective reflective-transmissive mirror (601) with a reflective characteristic for the first time.
15. The near-to-eye light field display module based on the orthogonal property grating-pixel array pair as claimed in claim 11, wherein the optical path folding structure comprises: a selective reflection-transmission mirror (601), a first optical characteristic adjustment sheet (602a) and a second optical characteristic adjustment sheet (602b), a first reflection sheet (603a) and a second reflection sheet (603b), wherein the selective reflection-transmission mirror (601) respectively reflects and transmits light beams having different optical characteristics, and defines a transmission corresponding optical characteristic as a transmission characteristic and a reflection corresponding optical characteristic as a reflection characteristic;
wherein a positional relationship among the selective reflection-transmission mirror (601), the first optical characteristic adjustment sheet (602a), and the second optical characteristic adjustment sheet (602b), the first reflection sheet (603a), and the second reflection sheet (603b) is set to satisfy the following condition: the light beam with the reflection characteristic is obliquely incident to the selective reflection-transmission mirror (601) for the first time and then reflected, passes through the second optical characteristic adjusting sheet (602b) once and then is reflected by the second reflection sheet (603b) again, and is incident to the second optical characteristic adjusting sheet (602b) again, the light beam passing through the second optical characteristic adjusting sheet (602b) twice is converted into the transmission characteristic from the reflection characteristic corresponding to the optical characteristic, and then is transmitted to the selective reflection-transmission mirror (601) and then continuously propagates to the region where the pupil (50) of the observer is located; the light beam with the transmission characteristic is obliquely incident to the selective reflection-transmission mirror (601) for the first time and then transmitted, then passes through the first optical characteristic adjusting sheet (602a) once and is reflected by the first reflection sheet (603a) again, and is incident to the first optical characteristic adjusting sheet (602a) again, the light beam passing through the second optical characteristic adjusting sheet (602b) twice is converted into the reflection characteristic from the transmission characteristic according to the optical characteristic, and then is reflected by the selective reflection-transmission mirror (601) and continues to propagate to the area where the pupil (50) of the observer is located.
16. The near-to-eye light field display module as set forth in claim 11, wherein the optical path folding structure is a medium with a refractive index greater than air interposed between the orthogonal characteristic grating-pixel array pair and the projection device (50).
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