CN112748435A - Submarine mine detonator sonar signal detection hydrophone array and detection value comparison circuit - Google Patents
Submarine mine detonator sonar signal detection hydrophone array and detection value comparison circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN112748435A CN112748435A CN202011485015.3A CN202011485015A CN112748435A CN 112748435 A CN112748435 A CN 112748435A CN 202011485015 A CN202011485015 A CN 202011485015A CN 112748435 A CN112748435 A CN 112748435A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
- G01S15/04—Systems determining presence of a target
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrophone array for detecting a submarine mine fuze sonar signal and a detection value updating circuit, wherein a plurality of high-frequency strip-shaped hydrophones are distributed along a circular truncated cone space to form the hydrophone array, and the hydrophones are arranged on a submerged submarine mine platform positioned at the bottom of the sea to meet the requirement of receiving incident active sonar signals in the circumferential direction; each strip hydrophone is provided with a signal conditioning circuit for independently controlling power-on work, the signal conditioning circuit completes the functions of impedance matching amplification, filtering, detection and the like, the signal conditioning circuit of each channel adopts a time-sharing power-on work mode and is combined with a hydrophone array to form a time-sharing scanning beam, and the energy consumption is reduced while the function of circumferential beam coverage is met; the hydrophone signal enters a normally-on part formed by a multi-channel comparator and a single chip microcomputer circuit after being conditioned, the voltage of the signal is compared with a preset reference threshold value by the comparator, when the voltage exceeds the reference threshold value, a high level is output, and the high level is input into the single chip microcomputer circuit and is judged and identified by the single chip microcomputer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine fuzes, in particular to a mine fuze sonar signal detection hydrophone array and a detection value comparison circuit.
Background
In order to counter the anti-mine weapon equipment of the enemy, the anti-mine equipment of the enemy can be reversely detected by receiving and detecting active sonar signals such as forward-looking sonar and side-scan sonar which are equipped on the anti-mine equipment of the enemy. Because the active sonar equipment equipped by the anti-mine equipment usually works in a high-frequency band of 80 kHz-400 kHz, a high-frequency hydrophone with a corresponding frequency response range is equipped for detecting underwater acoustic signals in the frequency band range. The high-frequency hydrophones have sharp directivity, the beam opening angle of a single hydrophone is small, high-frequency sound wave signals incident from multiple directions on the water surface and underwater are difficult to cover and receive, and a plurality of hydrophones need to be arranged to form a sensor array so as to meet the use requirement of receiving the incident sound wave signals from all directions in the underwater space; meanwhile, the mine weapon is used as an underwater self-sustaining system, strict limitation exists in the aspect of self power consumption, and a hardware circuit platform for detecting sonar signals by a mine fuse has to adopt a low-power-consumption design to reduce energy consumption.
How to solve the problem that whether the naval mine weapon detects the initiative sonar signal in certain circumference region has or not, and satisfy naval mine detonator low-power consumption design requirement simultaneously is the problem that awaits solution at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a submarine mine fuze sonar signal detection hydrophone array and a detection value updating circuit, which can meet the requirements of a submarine mine weapon for detecting active sonar signals in a certain circumferential area and meeting the design requirement of low power consumption of the submarine mine fuze.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a submarine mine fuze sonar signal detection hydrophone array comprises strip-shaped hydrophones and a circular truncated cone base body.
The number of the strip-shaped hydrophones is more than 2, and the strip-shaped hydrophones are fixed on the circular truncated cone base body; the strip-shaped hydrophones are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the circular truncated cone base body and are attached to the outer surface of the circular truncated cone base body.
The central axial direction of the end face of the receiving section of the strip hydrophone has a certain included angle with the vertical direction; the beam opening angles of the strip hydrophones add up to 360 °.
When the hydrophone array formed by the strip-shaped hydrophones and the circular truncated cone base body is arranged on the submerged mine platform and is laid at the water bottom, the strip-shaped hydrophones are controlled to work in a time-sharing mode, and an annular control area is formed on the water surface.
Further, the strip-shaped hydrophone comprises a pressure ring, an insulating ring, a piezoelectric ceramic piece, sound-transmitting rubber, a supporting body and a lead.
The center of the support body is provided with a groove for placing the piezoelectric ceramic piece.
The piezoelectric ceramic plate is fixedly arranged in the groove of the support body by a compression ring through compression; and the piezoelectric ceramic piece and the pressure ring are insulated and isolated through the insulating ring.
One end of each of the two leads is welded on the positive and negative plates of the piezoelectric ceramic plate, and the other end of each lead is led out of the support body.
The pressure ring, the insulating ring, the piezoelectric ceramic piece, the supporting body and the lead are encapsulated into a whole by sound-transmitting rubber to form the bar-shaped hydrophone.
Further, the piezoceramic wafers are PMg-51 in model number.
The invention further provides a circuit for detecting the sonar signal detection value of the mine detonator, which comprises a time-sharing power-on part and a normally-powered part.
The time-sharing power-on part comprises a strip hydrophone and a signal conditioning circuit; the number of the strip-shaped hydrophones is more than 2, and each strip-shaped hydrophone is correspondingly connected with one signal conditioning circuit.
The signal conditioning circuit is provided with power circuits which are respectively and independently controlled to be electrified, and completes the signal conditioning functions of input protection, impedance matching, amplification, filtering and detection.
The normal-power-on part comprises a multi-channel comparator and a single chip microcomputer circuit, the signal conditioning circuit works in a time-sharing mode under the control of the single chip microcomputer circuit, after signal conditioning is completed on sonar signals collected by the strip-shaped hydrophone, the sonar signals are input into the multi-channel comparator, the voltage of the sonar signals after the signal conditioning is compared with a preset threshold voltage by the multi-channel comparator, if the voltage is higher than the threshold voltage, the multi-channel comparator outputs a high level, and otherwise, the multi-channel comparator outputs a low level.
The single chip circuit judges the output level of the multi-channel comparator, and judges that a target exists if the output level is high level, or judges that no target exists, thereby finishing the value updating function.
Further, the signal conditioning circuit comprises a power supply circuit capable of being controlled to be powered on, a forward amplifier, an active RC filter and a detection circuit.
The power supply circuit capable of controlling power-on is composed of a linear voltage stabilization chip ADP3306AR3.3 (U22) and a charge pump chip ADM8660AN (U23).
The power-on enabling signal given by the singlechip circuit is accessed to the 5 th pin of U22; the 7 th pin and the 8 th pin of the U22 are connected with a +3.6V power supply, the 4 th pin of the U22 is grounded, and the 1 st pin and the 2 nd pin of the U22 are connected to be used as the output of the U22; the 3 rd pin of U22 is connected with the 1 st pin through a capacitor C11; the 6 th pin of U22 is connected to the 1 st pin through a resistor R17.
The output of the U22 is connected with the 8 th pin of the U23; the 2 nd pin and the 4 th pin of the U23 are connected through a capacitor C10; the 5 th pin of U23 is connected to ground through capacitor C14, the 5 th pin of U23 serves as the output of U23, and the 1 st, 3 rd, 6 th and 7 th pins of U23 are connected to ground.
When the 5 th pin of the U22 receives a power-on enabling signal given by the U23 single chip microcomputer circuit and is at a high level, the U22 starts to work, the output of the U22 is stabilized at +3.3V to serve as a positive power supply, and the output of the U23 is stabilized at-3.3V to serve as a negative power supply.
The forward amplifier is composed of a first operational amplifier U1A, a current-limiting resistor R1 and a feedback resistor R2, and the feedback resistor R2 is respectively connected with the output end and the inverting input end of the U1A; one end of the current limiting resistor R1 is connected with the inverting input end of the U1A, and the other end is grounded.
The amplification factor AF of the forward amplifier is determined by the resistance values of the current limiting resistor R1 and the feedback resistor R2; one end of the impedance matching resistor R3 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the U1A, and the other end is grounded; the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are reversely connected, and then one end of the diode is grounded, and the other end of the diode is connected to the non-inverting input end of the U1A through the capacitor C1.
The active RC filter is a band-pass filter cascaded by a low-pass filter and a high-pass filter.
The low-pass filter includes: second operational amplifier U1B, third operational amplifier U2A, and peripheral resistive-capacitive device:
the resistor R4 and the resistor R6 are connected in series and then connected with the output end of U1A and the inverting input end of U1B.
One end of the resistor R5 is connected with the node between the resistor R4 and the resistor R6, and the other end is connected with the output end of the U1B.
One end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the node between the resistor R4 and the resistor R6, and the other end is grounded.
And one end of the capacitor C4 is connected with the inverting input end of the U1B, and the other end is connected with the output end of the U1B.
One end of the resistor R7 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of U1B, and the other end is grounded.
The parameters of the low-pass filter are determined by the parameters of the capacitance blocking device: wherein the resistance Rf of the low-pass filter is: r4 ═ R5 ═ R6 ═ Rf; the capacitance Cf of the low-pass filter is: c3 ═ 3Q · Cf,
The cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter is
The quality factor Q is 1.414; according to the active sonar working frequency band of 80 kHz-400 kHz, the low-pass filter with the cutoff frequency of 400kHz is obtained by setting the resistance Rf and the capacitance Cf.
The high-pass filter is specifically:
the capacitor C5 and the capacitor C7 are connected in series and then connected with the inverted input end of the U2A and the output end of the U1B, one end of the capacitor C6 is connected with a node between the capacitors C5 and C7, and the other end of the capacitor C6 is connected with the output end of the U2A.
One end of the resistor R10 is connected to the node between the capacitor C5 and the capacitor C7, and the other end is grounded.
The resistor R8 has one end connected to the inverting input end of U2A and the other end connected to the output end of U2A.
One end of the resistor R9 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the U2A, and the other end is grounded.
The parameters of the high-pass filter are determined by the parameters of the resistance-capacitance device, wherein the resistance Rf' of the high-pass filter is: r8 ═ 3Q · Rf',
the capacitance value of the high-pass filter is Cf': c5 ═ C6 ═ C7 ═ Cf'; the cut-off frequency of the high-pass filter is then
According to the active sonar working frequency band of 80 kHz-400 kHz, the cut-off frequency f is selectedLIs 80 k; and taking the quality factor Q as 1.414, and setting the resistance value Rf 'and the capacitance value Cf' to complete the high-pass filter with the cut-off frequency of 80 kHz.
The high-pass filter of 80kHz and the low-pass filter of 400kHz are cascaded to form a band-pass filter of 80 kHz-400 kHz.
The output of U2A enters the detector circuit after passing through the dc blocking capacitor C8, and the detector circuit includes a fourth operational amplifier U2B, specifically: one end of the resistor R16 is connected with the DC blocking capacitor C8, the other end is connected with the inverting input end of the U2B, one end of the resistor R11 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the U2B, and the other end is grounded; one end of the detection diode D3 is connected with the inverting input end of U2B, and the other end is connected with the output pin of U2B; one end of the detection diode D4 is connected with the output pin of U2B, and the other end transmits signals to a post-stage pi-type filter; the resistor R14 and the capacitor C15 are connected in parallel and are bridged between the detector diodes D3 and D4, and the capacitor C16, the capacitor C17 and the capacitor R15 form a pi-type filter to filter out alternating voltage noise superposed on the detected signal voltage after detection.
The positive and negative power supplies output by the power supply circuit that is controllably powered up power U1A and U2A, respectively.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a hydrophone array for detecting a submarine mine fuze sonar signal and a detection value updating circuit.A plurality of high-frequency strip-shaped hydrophones are spatially arranged along a circular truncated cone to form the hydrophone array, and the hydrophones are arranged on a submerged submarine mine platform positioned at the sea bottom to meet the requirement of receiving incident active sonar signals in the circumferential direction; each strip hydrophone is provided with a signal conditioning circuit for independently controlling power-on work, the signal conditioning circuit completes the functions of impedance matching amplification, filtering, detection and the like, the signal conditioning circuit of each channel adopts a time-sharing power-on work mode and is combined with a hydrophone array to form a time-sharing scanning beam, and the energy consumption is reduced while the function of circumferential beam coverage is met; the hydrophone signal enters a normally-on part formed by a multi-channel comparator and a single chip microcomputer circuit after being conditioned, the voltage of the signal is compared with a preset reference threshold value by the comparator, when the voltage exceeds the reference threshold value, a high level is output, and the high level is input into the single chip microcomputer circuit and is judged and identified by the single chip microcomputer. Therefore, the strip-shaped hydrophone, the signal conditioning circuit, the multi-channel comparator and the single chip microcomputer jointly form a circuit for detecting the signal detection value of the underwater mine fuze sonar. Because the signal conditioning circuit and the multi-channel comparator are completed by the analog circuit, the analog circuit can realize lower energy consumption, and the signal conditioning circuit adopts a working mode of multi-channel time-sharing electrification, so that the system power consumption is further reduced; the single chip microcomputer circuit only needs to complete simple functions such as high and low level judgment and identification, and therefore a low-power consumption single chip microcomputer which is universal in the market can meet requirements; the circuit is only used for judging whether an active sonar signal exists or not, and is used as a mine detonator to detect the active sonar value. Therefore, the invention not only solves the problem that whether active sonar signals exist in a certain circumferential area detected by the mine weapons, but also meets the design requirement of low power consumption of mine fuzes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sensitive structure of a strip hydrophone provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an array mounting of strip-shaped hydrophones on a truncated cone base according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a water surface control area of a hydrophone array provided in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a value update circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a single-channel signal conditioning circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a submarine mine fuze sonar signal detection hydrophone array which comprises strip-shaped hydrophones 1 and a circular truncated cone base body 2, wherein the specific structure is shown in figure 2.
The number of the strip hydrophones 1 is more than 2, and the strip hydrophones are fixed on the circular truncated cone base body; the strip-shaped hydrophones 1 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the circular truncated cone base body and are attached to the outer surface of the circular truncated cone base body.
The central axial direction of the end face of the receiving section of the strip hydrophone 1 and the vertical direction form a certain included angle, the range of a signal detection area is limited by adjusting the included angle in the embodiment of the invention, and the included angle is generally between 30 and 45 degrees, so that when the water depth is fixed, the radius of the range of the control area is equal to the cotangent value of the water depth divided by the included angle; the beam opening angles of the strip hydrophones 1 add up to 360 °.
When a hydrophone array formed by the strip-shaped hydrophones 1 and the circular truncated cone base body 2 is installed on a submerged mine platform and is distributed at the water bottom, the strip-shaped hydrophones 1 are controlled to work in a time-sharing mode, and an annular control area is formed on the water surface.
As shown in a schematic diagram 2, according to the basic acoustic principle, a high-frequency hydrophone has natural directivity, the beam opening angle of the high-frequency hydrophone is small, the single hydrophone is difficult to cover the requirement of receiving angles of incident sound waves in all directions of the circumference, and if the horizontal opening angle of the single strip-shaped hydrophone is about 36 degrees (-6dB), 10 strip-shaped hydrophones 1 are uniformly distributed on a circular truncated cone base body 2 along the circumference, the requirement of detecting signals of 360 degrees in the circumference can be met in the horizontal direction; the strip-shaped hydrophone 1 is arranged on the circular truncated cone base body 2, a certain included angle is formed between the central axis of the receiving end face of the strip-shaped hydrophone 1 and the vertical direction, when a hydrophone array formed by the strip-shaped hydrophone 1 and the circular truncated cone base body 2 is arranged on a submerged mine platform and is laid at the bottom of a water, the strip-shaped hydrophone 1 is controlled to work in a time-sharing mode, and an annular control area as shown in figure 3 is formed on the water surface.
The structure of the strip hydrophone 1 is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a pressure ring 1, an insulating ring 2, a piezoelectric ceramic piece 3, sound-transmitting rubber 4, a support body 5 and a lead 6.
The center of the support body 5 is provided with a groove for placing the piezoelectric ceramic piece 3.
The piezoelectric ceramic piece 3 is fixedly arranged in the groove of the support body 5 by the pressing ring 1 through pressing, PMg-51 piezoelectric ceramic pieces 3 with higher dielectric constant and piezoelectric coefficient are used in the embodiment, the diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic piece 3 is far larger than the thickness, and the selectable diameter is more than 20 times of the thickness. The piezoelectric ceramic piece 3 and the pressure ring 1 are insulated and isolated through the insulating ring 2, the insulating ring is formed by processing polytetrafluoroethylene, and the effects of insulating and isolating and reducing coupling vibration of the support body are achieved.
One end of each of the two leads 6 is welded on the positive and negative plates of the piezoelectric ceramic plate 3, and the other end is led out of the support body 5.
The pressure ring 1, the insulating ring 2, the piezoelectric ceramic piece 3, the supporting body 5 and the lead 6 are encapsulated into a whole by the sound-transmitting rubber 4 to form the strip hydrophone 1.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a circuit for detecting the sonar signal detection value of the mine detonator, which comprises a time-sharing power-on part and a normally-powered part as shown in fig. 4.
The time-sharing power-on part comprises a strip hydrophone and a signal conditioning circuit; the number of the strip-shaped hydrophones is more than 2, and each strip-shaped hydrophone is correspondingly connected with one signal conditioning circuit.
The signal conditioning circuit is provided with power supply circuits which are respectively and independently controlled to be electrified, and completes the signal conditioning functions of input protection, impedance matching, amplification, filtering and detection.
The normally energized part consists of a multi-channel comparator and a single chip circuit, the signal conditioning circuit works in a time-sharing and power-on mode under the control of the single chip circuit, after signal conditioning is finished on sonar signals acquired by the strip hydrophone, the sonar signals are input into the multi-channel comparator, the multi-channel comparator compares the voltage of the sonar signals after the signal conditioning with a preset threshold voltage, if the voltage is higher than the threshold voltage, the multi-channel comparator outputs a high level, and otherwise, the multi-channel comparator outputs a low level; the preset threshold voltage of the multi-channel comparator in the embodiment of the invention can be determined according to the magnitude of the marine environmental noise and a statistical rule. The multichannel comparator may use a commercially available integrated comparator chip, such as TLC339 by TI corporation; the single chip microcomputer circuit can be a conventional general low-power consumption single chip microcomputer chip, such as MSP430 of TI company.
The single chip circuit judges the output level of the multi-channel comparator, and judges that a target exists if the output level is high level, or judges that no target exists, thereby finishing the value updating function.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the signal conditioning circuit is shown in fig. 5, and includes a power supply circuit capable of being controlled to be powered on, a forward amplifier, an active RC filter, and a detection circuit.
1) A power supply circuit that is controllably powered on;
the power supply circuit capable of controlling power-on is composed of a linear voltage stabilization chip ADP3306AR3.3 (U22) and a charge pump chip ADM8660AN (U23).
The power-on enabling signal given by the singlechip circuit is accessed to the 5 th pin of U22; the 7 th pin and the 8 th pin of the U22 are connected with a +3.6V power supply, the 4 th pin of the U22 is grounded, and the 1 st pin and the 2 nd pin of the U22 are connected to be used as the output of the U22; the 3 rd pin of U22 is connected with the 1 st pin through a capacitor C11; the 6 th pin of U22 is connected to the 1 st pin through a resistor R17.
The output of the U22 is connected with the 8 th pin of the U23; the 2 nd pin and the 4 th pin of the U23 are connected through a capacitor C10; the 5 th pin of U23 is grounded through a capacitor C14 (capacitor C14 functions as power supply filtering), the 5 th pin of U23 is used as the output of U23, and the 1 st, 3 rd, 6 th and 7 th pins of U23 are grounded.
When the 5 th pin of the U22 receives a power-on enabling signal given by the U23 single chip microcomputer circuit and is at a high level, the U22 starts to work, the output of the U22 is stabilized at +3.3V to serve as a positive power supply, and the output of the U23 is stabilized at-3.3V to serve as a negative power supply.
2) A forward amplifier;
the forward amplifier is composed of a first operational amplifier U1A, a current-limiting resistor R1 and a feedback resistor R2, and the feedback resistor R2 is respectively connected with the output end and the inverting input end of the U1A; one end of the current limiting resistor R1 is connected with the inverting input end of the U1A, and the other end is grounded.
The amplification AF of the forward amplifier is determined by the resistance values of the current limiting resistor R1 and the feedback resistor R2:
one end of the impedance matching resistor R3 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the U1A, and the other end is grounded, so that the impedance matching function is achieved.
One end of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 is grounded after being reversely butted, the other end of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 is connected with the positive phase input end of the U1A through the capacitor C1, the input protection effect is achieved, when an unexpected large signal is input, the diodes D1 and D2 are conducted, and the large signal is bypassed to the ground wire.
One end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the protection diode, and the other end is connected with the non-inverting input end of the U1A, so that the capacitor C1 plays a role of a DC blocking capacitor.
3) An active RC filter;
the active RC filter is a band-pass filter cascaded by a low-pass filter and a high-pass filter.
The low-pass filter includes: second operational amplifier U1B, third operational amplifier U2A, and peripheral resistive-capacitive device:
the resistor R4 and the resistor R6 are connected in series and then connected with the output end of U1A and the inverting input end of U1B.
One end of the resistor R5 is connected with the node between the resistor R4 and the resistor R6, and the other end is connected with the output end of the U1B.
One end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the node between the resistor R4 and the resistor R6, and the other end is grounded.
And one end of the capacitor C4 is connected with the inverting input end of the U1B, and the other end is connected with the output end of the U1B.
One end of the resistor R7 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of U1B, and the other end is grounded.
The parameters of the low-pass filter are determined by the parameters of the capacitance blocking device: wherein the resistance Rf of the low-pass filter is: r4 ═ R5 ═ R6 ═ Rf; the capacitance Cf of the low-pass filter is: c3 ═ 3Q · Cf,
The cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter is
The quality factor Q is 1.414; according to the active sonar working frequency band of 80 kHz-400 kHz, the low-pass filter with the cutoff frequency of 400kHz is obtained by setting the resistance Rf and the capacitance Cf.
The high-pass filter is specifically:
the capacitor C5 and the capacitor C7 are connected in series and then connected with the inverted input end of the U2A and the output end of the U1B, one end of the capacitor C6 is connected with a node between the capacitors C5 and C7, and the other end of the capacitor C6 is connected with the output end of the U2A.
One end of the resistor R10 is connected to the node between the capacitor C5 and the capacitor C7, and the other end is grounded.
The resistor R8 has one end connected to the inverting input end of U2A and the other end connected to the output end of U2A.
One end of the resistor R9 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the U2A, and the other end is grounded.
The parameters of the high-pass filter are determined by the parameters of the resistance-capacitance device, wherein the resistance Rf' of the high-pass filter is: r8 ═ 3Q · Rf',
the capacitance value of the high-pass filter is Cf': c5 ═ C6 ═ C7 ═ Cf'; the cut-off frequency of the high-pass filter is then
According to the active sonar working frequency band of 80 kHz-400 kHz, the cut-off frequency f is selectedLIs 80 k; and taking the quality factor Q as 1.414, and setting the resistance value Rf 'and the capacitance value Cf' to complete the high-pass filter with the cut-off frequency of 80 kHz.
The 80kHz high-pass filter and the 400kHz low-pass filter are cascaded to form an 80 kHz-400 kHz band-pass filter;
the output of U2A enters the detector circuit after passing through the DC blocking capacitor C8.
4) A detection circuit:
the detection circuit comprises a fourth operational amplifier U2B, specifically: one end of the resistor R16 is connected with the DC blocking capacitor C8, the other end is connected with the inverting input end of the U2B, one end of the resistor R11 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the U2B, and the other end is grounded; one end of the detection diode D3 is connected with the inverting input end of U2B, and the other end is connected with the output pin of U2B; one end of the detection diode D4 is connected with the output pin of U2B, and the other end transmits signals to a post-stage pi-type filter; the resistor R14 and the capacitor C15 are connected in parallel and are bridged between the detector diodes D3 and D4, and the capacitor C16, the capacitor C17 and the capacitor R15 form a pi-type filter to filter out alternating voltage noise superposed on the detected signal voltage after detection.
The positive and negative power supplies output by the power supply circuit that is controllably powered up power U1A and U2A, respectively.
5) Operation process of value updating circuit
The singlechip circuit of the normally-on part outputs 10 paths of voltage control signals, each strip hydrophone is controlled to be powered on and work in a time-sharing mode to form beam scanning, and the signal conditioning circuit is controlled by the singlechip to be powered on and work in a time-sharing mode. After the hydrophone signals are conditioned, inputting the signals into a multi-channel comparator, comparing the signal voltage with a preset threshold voltage by the multi-channel comparator, judging that the target active sonar signals exist when the signal voltage is higher than the threshold voltage; below the threshold voltage, no target is considered.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A hydrophone array for detecting a sonar signal of a mine fuze is characterized by comprising a strip hydrophone (1) and a circular truncated cone base body (2);
the number of the strip hydrophones (1) is more than 2, and the strip hydrophones are fixed on the circular truncated cone base body; the strip-shaped hydrophones (1) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the circular truncated cone base body and are attached to the outer surface of the circular truncated cone base body;
the central axial direction of the end face of the receiving section of the strip-shaped hydrophone (1) forms a certain included angle with the vertical direction; the beam opening angles of the strip-shaped hydrophones (1) are added to be 360 degrees;
when a hydrophone array formed by the strip-shaped hydrophones (1) and the circular truncated cone base body (2) is installed on the submerged mine platform and is distributed at the water bottom, the strip-shaped hydrophones (1) are controlled to work in a time-sharing mode, and an annular control area is formed on the water surface.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the strip hydrophone (1) comprises a pressure ring (1), an insulating ring (2), a piezoceramic sheet (3), an acoustically transparent rubber (4), a support body (5) and a wire (6);
the center of the support body (5) is provided with a groove for placing the piezoelectric ceramic piece (3);
the piezoelectric ceramic piece (3) is fixedly arranged in the groove of the support body (5) by the compression ring (1) through compression; the piezoelectric ceramic piece (3) and the pressure ring (1) are insulated and isolated through the insulating ring (2);
one ends of two leads (6) are welded on the positive and negative polar plates of the piezoelectric ceramic piece (3), and the other ends are led out of the support body (5);
the pressure ring (1), the insulating ring (2), the piezoelectric ceramic piece (3), the supporting body (5) and the lead (6) are encapsulated into a whole by the sound-transmitting rubber (4), and the bar-shaped hydrophone (1) is formed.
3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the piezoceramic wafer (3) has a model number of PMg-51.
4. A circuit for detecting a sonar signal detection value of a mine detonator is characterized by comprising a time-sharing power-on part and a normally-powered part;
the time-sharing power-on part comprises a strip hydrophone and a signal conditioning circuit; the number of the strip-shaped hydrophones is more than 2, and each strip-shaped hydrophone is correspondingly connected with one signal conditioning circuit;
the signal conditioning circuit is provided with power circuits which are respectively and independently powered on in a controllable manner, and completes the signal conditioning functions of input protection, impedance matching, amplification, filtering and detection;
the normally energized part consists of a multi-channel comparator and a single chip circuit, the signal conditioning circuit works in a time-sharing and power-on mode under the control of the single chip circuit, sonar signals collected by the strip-shaped hydrophones are input into the multi-channel comparator after signal conditioning is finished, the voltage of the sonar signals after the signal conditioning is compared with a preset threshold voltage by the multi-channel comparator, if the voltage is higher than the threshold voltage, the multi-channel comparator outputs a high level, and otherwise, the multi-channel comparator outputs a low level;
the single chip circuit judges the output level of the multi-channel comparator, and judges that a target exists if the output level is high level, or judges that no target exists, thereby finishing the value updating function.
5. The equalizer circuit of claim 4, wherein the signal conditioning circuit comprises a controllably powered-on power supply circuit, a forward amplifier, an active RC filter, and a detector circuit;
the power supply circuit capable of being controlled to be powered on is composed of a linear voltage stabilization chip ADP3306AR3.3 (namely U22) and a charge pump chip ADM8660AN (namely U23);
the power-on enabling signal given by the singlechip circuit is accessed to the 5 th pin of U22; the 7 th pin and the 8 th pin of the U22 are connected with a +3.6V power supply, the 4 th pin of the U22 is grounded, and the 1 st pin and the 2 nd pin of the U22 are connected to be used as the output of the U22; the 3 rd pin of U22 is connected with the 1 st pin through a capacitor C11; the 6 th pin of U22 is connected with the 1 st pin through a resistor R17;
the output of the U22 is connected with the 8 th pin of the U23; the 2 nd pin and the 4 th pin of the U23 are connected through a capacitor C10; the 5 th pin of U23 is grounded through a capacitor C14, the 5 th pin of U23 is used as the output of U23, and the 1 st, 3 rd, 6 th and 7 th pins of U23 are grounded;
when the 5 th pin of the U22 receives a power-on enabling signal given by the U23 single chip microcomputer circuit and is at a high level, the U22 starts working, the output of the U22 is stabilized at +3.3V to serve as a positive power supply, and the output of the U23 is stabilized at-3.3V to serve as a negative power supply;
the forward amplifier is composed of a first operational amplifier U1A, a current-limiting resistor R1 and a feedback resistor R2, and the feedback resistor R2 is respectively connected with the output end and the inverting input end of the U1A; one end of the current limiting resistor R1 is connected with the inverting input end of the U1A, and the other end is grounded;
the amplification factor AF of the forward amplifier is determined by the resistance values of a current limiting resistor R1 and a feedback resistor R2; one end of the impedance matching resistor R3 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the U1A, and the other end is grounded; one end of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 is grounded after being reversely connected in a butt joint mode, and the other end of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the U1A through the capacitor C1;
the active RC filter is a band-pass filter formed by cascading a low-pass filter and a high-pass filter;
the low-pass filter includes: second operational amplifier U1B, third operational amplifier U2A, and peripheral resistive-capacitive device:
the resistor R4 and the resistor R6 are connected in series and then connected with the output end of U1A and the inverting input end of U1B;
one end of the resistor R5 is connected with a node between the resistor R4 and the resistor R6, and the other end is connected with the output end of the U1B;
one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with a node between the resistor R4 and the resistor R6, and the other end is grounded;
one end of the capacitor C4 is connected with the inverting input end of the U1B, and the other end is connected with the output end of the U1B;
one end of the resistor R7 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the U1B, and the other end is grounded;
the parameters of the low-pass filter are determined by the parameters of the capacitance-blocking device: wherein the resistance Rf of the low-pass filter is: r4 ═ R5 ═ R6 ═ Rf; the capacitance Cf of the low-pass filter is: c3 ═ 3Q · Cf,
The cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter is
The quality factor Q is 1.414; according to the active sonar working frequency band of 80 kHz-400 kHz, a low-pass filter with the cut-off frequency of 400kHz is obtained by setting the resistance Rf and the capacitance Cf;
the high-pass filter is specifically:
the capacitor C5 and the capacitor C7 are connected in series and then connected with the inverted input end of the U2A and the output end of the U1B, one end of the capacitor C6 is connected with a node between the capacitors C5 and C7, and the other end of the capacitor C6 is connected with the output end of the U2A;
one end of the resistor R10 is connected with the node between the capacitor C5 and the capacitor C7, and the other end is grounded;
one end of the resistor R8 is connected with the inverting input end of the U2A, and the other end is connected with the output end of the U2A;
one end of the resistor R9 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the U2A, and the other end is grounded;
the parameters of the high-pass filter are determined by the parameters of the resistance-capacitance device, wherein the resistance Rf' of the high-pass filter is as follows: r8 ═ 3Q · Rf',
the capacitance value of the high-pass filter is Cf': c5 ═ C6 ═ C7 ═ Cf'; the cut-off frequency of the high-pass filter is then
According to the active sonar working frequency band of 80 kHz-400 kHz, the cut-off frequency f is selectedLIs 80 k; taking the quality factor Q as 1.414, and setting a resistance value Rf 'and a capacitance value Cf' to complete the high-pass filter with the cut-off frequency of 80 kHz;
the 80kHz high-pass filter and the 400kHz low-pass filter are cascaded to form an 80 kHz-400 kHz band-pass filter;
the output of U2A enters the detector circuit after passing through a dc blocking capacitor C8, and the detector circuit includes a fourth operational amplifier U2B, specifically: one end of the resistor R16 is connected with the DC blocking capacitor C8, the other end is connected with the inverting input end of the U2B, one end of the resistor R11 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the U2B, and the other end is grounded; one end of the detection diode D3 is connected with the inverting input end of U2B, and the other end is connected with the output pin of U2B; one end of the detection diode D4 is connected with the output pin of U2B, and the other end transmits signals to a post-stage pi-type filter; the resistor R14 and the capacitor C15 are connected in parallel and bridged between the detector diodes D3 and D4, and the capacitor C16, the capacitor C17 and the capacitor R15 form a pi-type filter which filters out alternating voltage noise superposed on a detection signal voltage after detection;
the positive power supply and the negative power supply output by the power supply circuit capable of controlling power-on respectively supply power to U1A and U2A.
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