CN112748178A - Plane carburization sample determination method based on magnetic method - Google Patents
Plane carburization sample determination method based on magnetic method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 230000005330 Barkhausen effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100457021 Caenorhabditis elegans mag-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100067996 Mus musculus Gbp1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- MGIUUAHJVPPFEV-ABXDCCGRSA-N magainin ii Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MGIUUAHJVPPFEV-ABXDCCGRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
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Abstract
A plane carburization sample determination method based on a magnetic method belongs to the field of bearing detection. The method aims to solve the problems that the existing method for detecting the carburized layer cannot simultaneously ensure the detection efficiency and accuracy and cannot achieve 100% detection. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of establishing a database of magnetic signals and the carburized layer depth in equipment software, searching for the optimal function matching between the magnetic signals and the carburized layer depth by adopting a least square method, finally obtaining a polynomial equation with a correlation coefficient close to 1, and reasonably establishing a function relation between the magnetic signals and the carburized layer depth value through verification, so that the carburized layer depth value can be obtained by measuring the magnetic signal parameters on the surface of the carburized sample by adopting a nondestructive method and calculating, and finally realizing the carburized layer depth detection of the planar carburized sample by adopting a magnetic method without damage. The method is used for detecting the carburized layer sample.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method for measuring a carburized flat sample by a magnetic method. Belonging to the field of bearing detection.
Background
In the bearing processing process, the carburizing treatment is an important process, the quality of the working surface layer of the bearing directly influences the working performance of the surface layer of the bearing, and unqualified or uneven depth of the carburized layer after the carburizing and the strengthening is a problem which often occurs in the manufacturing and processing processes of the bearing at present.
At present, a metallographic method and a microhardness method in a non-destructive mode are generally adopted for detecting a carburized layer, the metallographic method is to perform corresponding heat treatment on parts after carburization, the depth of the carburized layer is judged by analyzing a structure obtained after heat treatment, the detection precision is low, the microhardness method is to measure the distribution gradient of microhardness values from the edge of a sample, the effective hardened layer depth is measured according to corresponding standards, the detection precision is high, but the efficiency is low, both the two measuring methods are non-destructive detection means, and the parts to be detected can be irreversibly damaged in the detection process, so that the aim of hundreds of detections cannot be achieved in actual production. At present, no mature nondestructive detection means exists, so that the method for accurately measuring the depth of the carburized layer by adopting a nondestructive detection method is a target which is always pursued by an analyst.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing method for detecting the carburized layer cannot simultaneously ensure the detection efficiency and accuracy and cannot achieve nondestructive inspection. A method for measuring a carburized flat sample by a magnetic method is provided.
A method for measuring a planar carburized sample by a magnetic method, comprising:
step one, obtaining sample blocks with different carburization layer depths, grinding the carburization layer depth by times according to grinding depth rules of 0.06mm, 0.04mm, 0.06mm and 0.04mm for each sample block, and obtaining a carburization layer depth data every time of grinding to form a carburization layer depth data set;
collecting magnetic signal parameters on the surface of the planar carburization sample, wherein the magnetic signals comprise tangential magnetic field intensity time signals, Barkhausen noise signals, incremental magnetic conductivity signals and multi-frequency eddy current signals;
and thirdly, establishing a functional relation between the magnetic signal and the carburized layer depth by utilizing a least square method based on the carburized layer depth data, calculating according to the measured surface magnetic signal parameters of the plane carburization sample to obtain the carburized layer depth value, and detecting the plane carburization sample according to the carburized layer depth value.
Advantageous effects
The method is characterized in that the sample preparation data acquisition and analysis are carried out on the carburized layer detection based on the magnetic method, the experimental data are screened to optimize the correlation coefficient of the curve, a database and a detection equation for final detection of the plane sample are formed, the equation result of the working curve is tested and compared and analyzed, and other non-destructive methods are adopted to compare with the method disclosed by the invention, as shown in tables 2 and 3, the method proves that the detection method is good in accuracy and repeatability, convenient, stable, rapid and high in accuracy, and can be applied to the carburized layer depth detection of the plane carburized sample.
The invention adopts a magnetic method to inspect the plane carburization sample, only collects the magnetic signal in a contact mode, and then calculates the depth value of the carburized layer by establishing a functional relation between the magnetic signal and the collected carburized layer depth data, thereby realizing the nondestructive detection of the plane carburization sample.
By adopting a carburized sample preparation and data acquisition and analysis method, through optimizing a database, screening reasonable data and improving the correlation coefficient of a curve, a final detection database and a detection equation of a plane sample are formed, the determination result is quick and accurate, and the process requirements can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a plot of a tangential magnetic field strength harmonic analysis;
FIG. 2b is a Barkhausen noise signal analysis plot;
FIG. 2c is a graph of incremental permeability signal analysis;
FIG. 2d illustrates a multi-frequency eddy current signal analysis module;
FIG. 3 shows the result of data processing;
fig. 4 shows the correlation case.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1, and the method for measuring a plane carburized sample by a magnetic method according to the present embodiment includes:
step one, selecting 10 sample blocks of 6 carburized layer depths, grinding the carburized layer depths in different times according to grinding depth rules of 0.06mm, 0.04mm, 0.06mm and 0.04mm (not only 4mm, but also multiple times) for each sample block, and obtaining a carburized layer depth data by grinding each time to form a carburized layer depth data set;
collecting magnetic signal parameters on the surface of the planar carburization sample in a non-destructive contact mode by adopting a 3MA carburization layer depth tester through an electromagnetic coil probe, wherein the magnetic signals comprise tangential magnetic field intensity time signals, Barkhausen noise signals, incremental magnetic conductivity signals and multi-frequency eddy current signals; in order to eliminate the influence of abnormal signals in the data acquisition process on the experimental result, magnetic signals are respectively acquired for 30 times for each sample to form 240 groups of magnetic signals, and the carburized samples are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 carburized sample case
2.1 harmonic analysis of the tangential magnetic field strength time signal (Ht signal):
under the condition of voltage-driven magnetization, material hysteresis generates a non-sinusoidal shape of a yoke coil current which changes along with time, namely, higher harmonics displayed by a magnetizing current only generate odd harmonics due to the symmetry of the hysteresis;
a3, a5, a7, P3, P5, P7: by fourier analysis of the Ht signal, the amplitudes and phases of the 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 harmonics can be determined (only odd harmonics are generated due to hysteresis symmetry), and the parameters can be determined as follows:
UHS: the sum of the amplitudes of the higher harmonics;
k: distortion factor
Hco is coercive magnetic field in harmonic analysis;
hro: zero crossing field strength harmonic content;
vmag: voltage of the last stage of the electromagnet at high load magnetization frequency;
2.2, analyzing the Barkhausen noise signal, and determining the following parameters through the obtained signal:
MMAX, the maximum amplitude of the curve (used for parameters such as carburization, surface and core residual stress, surface processing hardening layer depth and the like) is used for judging the influence of heat treatment, forging and pressing processing and the like on the marked line;
HCM: a coercive field derived from Barkhausen noise measured at MMAX magnetic field strength;
MMAX is the curve width under 25%, 50% and 75%;
MMEAN is the average magnetization period (i.e., the curve average);
MR is the amplitude of the remanence point;
and 2.3, analyzing an incremental permeability signal, and determining the following parameters according to the obtained signal:
μ MAX: the maximum amplitude under the incremental permeability is used for judging the depth of the hardened layer;
μ MEAN: average magnetization period;
μ R: remanence point amplitude;
HC μ: the coercive field strength caused by the magnetic conductivity increment is used for judging basic data;
mu.g, DH: curve widths at 25%, 50%, 75% μ MAX
And 2.4, analyzing the multifrequency eddy current signals, and determining the following parameters according to the obtained signals:
re1, Re 2, Re 3, Re 4: the real part of the eddy current signal at frequencies 1, 2, 3, 4;
im1, Im 2, Im 3, Im 4: the imaginary part of the eddy current signal at frequencies 1, 2, 3, 4;
mag1, Mag 2, Mag 3, Mag 4: signal amplitudes of frequencies 1, 2, 3, 4
P, P2, P3, P4: signal phases of frequencies 1, 2, 3, 4;
2a-2d show four test analysis modules of a 3MA penetration depth tester for tangential magnetic field intensity harmonic analysis, Barkhausen noise signal analysis, incremental permeability signal analysis and multi-frequency eddy current signal analysis;
and step three, searching for the optimal function matching between the magnetic signal and the carburized layer depth by adopting a least square method, finally obtaining a polynomial equation with a better correlation coefficient (the correlation coefficient is close to 1), and reasonably establishing a functional relation between the magnetic signal and the carburized layer depth value through verification, so that the carburized layer depth value can be obtained by measuring the surface magnetic signal parameter of the carburized sample by adopting a nondestructive method and calculating, and finally realizing the carburized layer depth detection of the planar carburized sample by adopting a magnetic method without damage.
Examples
The method is used for acquiring experimental data, preliminary data processing is carried out according to the experimental data, the correlation coefficient r A2 of the data is found to be 0.7857 and less than 0.8 in the calculation process, the data correlation is poor, the analysis causes the phenomenon because in the data acquisition and recording process, partial invalid data exists due to the influence of the surface quality of materials or misoperation, the partial data are deducted through statistical carding, the curve is corrected, a good correlation coefficient is obtained, and the experimental result is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2a-2 d.
After the curve and the detection equation are obtained, the carburized sample blocks with different carburized layer depths are taken for testing, the tested sample blocks are tested by adopting a metallographic method, the test results are compared, and the comparison results are shown in tables 2 and 3. According to the comparison result, the deviation of the penetration depth test result of the magnetic method and the metallographic method is not large, and the repeatability of the single-point multiple detection of the magnetic method is good.
TABLE 2 comparison of magnetic method and metallographic method
Table 3 repeatability verification
Claims (5)
1. A method for measuring a carburized planar sample by a magnetic method, comprising:
step one, obtaining sample blocks with different carburization layer depths, grinding the carburization layer depth by times according to grinding depth rules of 0.06mm, 0.04mm, 0.06mm and 0.04mm for each sample block, and obtaining a carburization layer depth data every time of grinding to form a carburization layer depth data set;
collecting magnetic signal parameters on the surface of the planar carburization sample, wherein the magnetic signals comprise tangential magnetic field intensity time signals, Barkhausen noise signals, incremental magnetic conductivity signals and multi-frequency eddy current signals;
and thirdly, establishing a functional relation between the magnetic signal and the carburized layer depth by utilizing a least square method based on the carburized layer depth data, calculating according to the measured surface magnetic signal parameters of the plane carburization sample to obtain the carburized layer depth value, and detecting the plane carburization sample according to the carburized layer depth value.
2. The method for measuring a carburized flat sample by a magnetic method according to claim 1, wherein the time signal parameter of the tangential magnetic field strength in the second step includes:
higher harmonic amplitude, distortion factor, coercive field, zero crossing field strength harmonic content and electromagnet voltage;
the barkhausen noise signal parameters include:
maximum amplitude of a profile curve, coercive magnetic field, curve width, average magnetization period and residual magnetic point amplitude of Barkhausen noise measured when the magnetic field intensity is MMAX;
incremental permeability signal parameters include:
the maximum amplitude of incremental magnetic conductivity, the average magnetization period, the amplitude of a remanent magnetic point, the coercive field strength and the curve width;
the multi-product eddy current signal parameters include:
real eddy current signal, imaginary I-stay signal, signal amplitude, and signal phase.
3. The method of magnetically measuring a planar carburized sample according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the magnetic signal parameters are collected from the surface of the planar carburized sample, and the number of times of magnetic signal measurement is 30 for each carburized sample.
4. The method for measuring a carburized flat sample by a magnetic method according to claim 2, characterized in that the distortion factor in the time signal of the tangential magnetic field strength is calculated by the following equation:
wherein, A1, A3, A5 and A7 are the amplitudes of 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th and 7 th harmonics, respectively.
5. The method for measuring a carburized flat sample according to claim 2, wherein in the second step, the parameters of the magnetic signals are collected from the surface of the carburized flat sample by a 3MA carburized layer depth measuring instrument.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5028869A (en) * | 1988-04-23 | 1991-07-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forshung E.V. | Process and apparatus for the nondestructive measuring of magnetic properties of a test body, by detecting a tangential magnetic field and deriving harmonic components thereof |
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| CN104865310A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-08-26 | 中国矿业大学 | Gear and shaft part carburization depth pulse eddy current detection apparatus and gear and shaft part carburization depth pulse eddy current detection method |
| CN105717191A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-06-29 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Detection method and device for magnetic Barkhausen noise signal and magnetic parameters |
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2020
- 2020-12-25 CN CN202011568785.4A patent/CN112748178A/en not_active Withdrawn
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| CN104865310A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-08-26 | 中国矿业大学 | Gear and shaft part carburization depth pulse eddy current detection apparatus and gear and shaft part carburization depth pulse eddy current detection method |
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