CN112748146B - Freezing and thawing cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and water content coupling - Google Patents

Freezing and thawing cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and water content coupling Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112748146B
CN112748146B CN202011547461.2A CN202011547461A CN112748146B CN 112748146 B CN112748146 B CN 112748146B CN 202011547461 A CN202011547461 A CN 202011547461A CN 112748146 B CN112748146 B CN 112748146B
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box
experiment
fixedly connected
plate
test piece
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CN112748146A (en
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吴向东
邓伟杰
付健
李禄禄
于洋
郭冲
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Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co Ltd
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Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/02—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering
    • G01N25/12—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering of critical point; of other phase change
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a freeze-thawing cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and water content coupling, which comprises an experimental box, a plurality of pressurizing systems, a test piece arranged in the pressurizing systems and a vacuum electroosmosis system, wherein the vacuum electroosmosis system is used for forming seepage in the test piece through electrophoresis under the action of current, so that the water content of the test piece in the freeze-thawing cycle process is changed; a temperature control system; and the data acquisition system is electrically connected with the pressurizing system, the temperature control system and the vacuum electroosmosis system. The invention aims to provide a freeze-thawing cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and water content coupling, by arranging a pressurizing system, the traditional freeze-thawing cycle process is realized, meanwhile, a screw rod is rotated, the screw rod drives an anode motor plate to move up and down, and further, the stress state of a test piece in the freeze-thawing cycle process is controlled, so that the simulation of the stress state of the test piece in the natural freeze-thawing cycle process is completed, and the expansion force of the test piece in the frost-thawing process is tested through a force sensor.

Description

Freezing and thawing cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and water content coupling
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of experimental equipment in geotechnical engineering, in particular to a freeze-thawing cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and water content coupling.
Background
The land resources of our country are rich, and the geological conditions are complex. Seasonal frozen soil is taken as a typical geological condition, occupies about 53% of the area of the national soil in China, and is a soil body frozen in winter and melted in summer. With the improvement of economic strength and the progress of scientific technology in China, some projects are inevitably built in seasonal frozen soil areas. Under the long-term dry-wet circulation and freeze thawing circulation actions, the physical and mechanical properties of soil body are changed continuously, and the problems of uneven settlement of foundation, slurry and cracking of roadbed and the like are caused when the soil body is serious, so that great potential safety hazards are brought to engineering construction. Therefore, it is necessary to study the freeze thawing process of seasonal frozen soil and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil body after freeze thawing.
At present, the common equipment for performing freeze-thawing cycle tests in a laboratory is a freeze-thawing test machine, the test piece is subjected to repeated freeze-thawing cycles by methods such as air freeze-thawing or water freeze-thawing, and then the test piece is taken out for physical mechanical experiments. This device has a number of drawbacks, such as the fact that the test piece is always in a saturated state when frozen again after the test piece has been melted in a water bath; the test piece is in a free state in the freeze-thawing cycle process and is not stressed; the expansion force in the frost heaving process is not measured, etc., which are quite different from the actual situation. In practical cases, seasonal frozen soil is mostly frozen in winter and melted in summer, and the range is mostly a thick soil layer with the surface layer of 1-3 meters. The surface soil is subjected to long dry season before freezing, and the soil body has low water content and is not saturated soil generally. In addition, the soil body is under the stress action of the upper part and the surrounding soil body and is in different stress states, and the frost heaving process is constrained by the surrounding soil body, so that a certain expansion force can be generated.
Therefore, in order to perform more real experimental simulation on the freeze-thawing cycle process of seasonal frozen soil, it is very important to research a freeze-thawing cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and water content coupling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a freeze-thawing cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and water content coupling, which is used for solving the problem that in the existing freeze-thawing cycle experimental device, the water content change and the stress state in the natural freeze-thawing cycle process are not subjected to simulation test.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a freeze-thawing cycle experiment device capable of considering stress and water content coupling, and the freeze-thawing cycle experiment device capable of considering stress and water content coupling comprises an experiment box and further comprises:
the test pieces are arranged in the pressurizing systems, and each test piece is fixed by one pressurizing system;
a vacuum electroosmosis system comprising: the anode electrode plates and the cathode electrode plates are in one-to-one corresponding contact with the test pieces in the pressurizing systems and are used for forming seepage in the test pieces through electrophoresis under the action of current, so that the water content of the test pieces in the freeze-thawing cycle process is changed;
The temperature control system is connected with the experiment box;
the data acquisition system comprises a plurality of data acquisition sensors, wherein the data acquisition sensors are arranged in the experiment box and the pressurizing system, and the data acquisition system is electrically connected with the pressurizing system, the temperature control system and the vacuum electroosmosis system.
Preferably, the experimental box comprises:
the experimental box comprises an experimental box outer box, wherein an experimental box inner box is arranged in the experimental box outer box, and an insulating layer is arranged between the experimental box outer box and the experimental box inner box;
the upper ends of the outer box of the experiment box are provided with experiment box covers, and double-layer sealing rings are arranged at the contact positions of the upper ends of the outer box of the experiment box and the inner box of the experiment box and the experiment box covers;
the upper surface of the experiment box cover is provided with an experiment box cover handle and a vacuum valve, and the vacuum valve is communicated with the experiment box inner box.
Preferably, the pressurization system comprises: the device comprises an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate, a frame upright post, a circular sleeve and a screw;
one end of each of the four frame upright posts is fixedly connected with the inner bottom wall of the experimental box, four corners of the lower cover plate are respectively and fixedly connected with the lower parts of the four frame upright posts through bolts, and four corners of the upper cover plate are respectively and fixedly connected with the upper parts of the four frame upright posts through bolts;
The circular sleeve is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the lower cover plate, an insulating layer is stuck inside the circular sleeve, and a test piece is placed in the circular sleeve;
the screw rod is fixed at the center of the upper cover plate, the screw rod, the force sensor and the anode electrode plate are sequentially and fixedly connected on an axis, the screw rod is rotated to control the anode electrode plate to move up and down, so that the stress state of a test piece in the freeze thawing cycle process is controlled, and the stress between the screw rod and the anode electrode plate is tested through the force sensor.
Preferably, the vacuum electroosmosis system comprises: a plurality of anode electrode plates, a plurality of cathode electrode plates, an electroosmosis device, a rectifier and an air and water pump;
the circular sleeve, the screw rod, the force sensor, the anode electrode plate and the cathode electrode plate are in one-to-one correspondence, and the anode electrode plate is arranged at the upper part in the circular sleeve; the cathode electrode plate is arranged at the inner bottom of the circular sleeve, a test piece is arranged between the cathode electrode plate and the anode electrode plate, and the upper end and the lower end of the test piece are respectively contacted with the inner surfaces of the anode electrode plate and the cathode electrode plate;
the electroosmosis device and the rectifier are arranged at the lower part in the experiment box, the rectifier is electrically connected with the electroosmosis device, and the anode and the cathode of the electroosmosis device are respectively electrically connected with the anode electrode plate and the cathode electrode plate;
The vacuum electroosmosis system further comprises: the water pump comprises a water pumping pipeline, a water inlet valve, a floor drain, a water draining pipeline and a water draining valve;
the air-extracting and water-sucking pump is arranged outside the experimental box, the input end of the air-extracting and water-sucking pump is connected with an external water source through a water-sucking pipeline, the output end of the air-extracting and water-sucking pump is connected with a water inlet pipeline, the air-extracting and water-sucking pump is communicated with the inside of the experimental box through the water inlet pipeline, and a water inlet valve is arranged on the water-sucking pipeline;
the floor drain is arranged at the bottom in the experiment box, one end of the drainage pipeline is connected with the floor drain, the other end of the drainage pipeline is positioned outside the experiment box, and a drainage valve is arranged on the drainage pipeline.
Preferably, the temperature control system includes: an air conditioner, an air outlet of the air conditioner and an electric heating wire;
the air conditioner is arranged outside the experiment box, the air outlet of the air conditioner is arranged inside the experiment box, the air outlet of the air conditioner is connected with the air conditioner through a ventilating duct, and the electric heating wire is arranged inside the experiment box.
Preferably, the plurality of data acquisition sensors include: the system comprises a force sensor, a volume water content sensor, a temperature sensor and a first pressure sensor; the data acquisition system further comprises: thermometer, pressure gauge, data acquisition device and control panel;
The device comprises a test piece, a round sleeve, a temperature sensor, a thermometer, a first pressure sensor, a pressure gauge, a temperature sensor, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a temperature meter, a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor, wherein the round sleeve is provided with the outer wall at equal intervals, the probe of the volume moisture sensor penetrates through the outer wall of the round sleeve and is inserted into the test piece, the temperature sensor is arranged on the inner side wall of the test piece, the temperature sensor is arranged on the outer side of the test piece and is electrically connected with the thermometer, the first pressure sensor is arranged on the inner side wall of the test piece, the pressure meter is arranged on the outer side of the test piece, and the first pressure sensor is electrically connected with the pressure gauge;
the data acquisition device is arranged outside the experiment box and is respectively and electrically connected with the force sensor, the volume water content sensor, the temperature sensor, the first pressure sensor, the control panel and the electroosmosis device.
Preferably, the surfaces of the circular sleeve, the lower cover plate, the insulating layer, the anode electrode plate and the cathode electrode plate are provided with a plurality of through holes;
the anode electrode plate and the cathode electrode plate are both made of graphite materials.
Preferably, an auxiliary drainage device is further arranged below the outer box of the experiment box, and the auxiliary drainage device comprises:
The motor box is arranged below the outer box of the experiment box, a cavity is formed in the motor box, a first motor is arranged in the cavity, the right side of the first motor is fixedly connected with the right side wall of the cavity, an output shaft is arranged at the left end of the first motor, and one end, far away from the first motor, of the output shaft is rotationally connected with the left side wall of the cavity;
the roller is arranged on the output shaft, the inner wall of the roller is fixedly connected with the outer ring of the output shaft, and the surface of the roller is obliquely provided with a first chute;
the second sliding groove is arranged on the upper surface of the motor box, the second sliding groove is positioned right above the roller, the outer part of the motor box is communicated with the cavity through the second sliding groove, a connecting column is connected in the second sliding groove in a sliding manner, one end of the connecting column extends into the first sliding groove and is connected with the first sliding groove in a sliding engagement manner, the other end of the connecting column penetrates through the second sliding groove to extend to the upper part of the motor box, and a second sliding block is arranged on the other end of the connecting column, and the bottom surface of the second sliding block is connected with the upper surface of the motor box in a sliding manner;
the fifth fixed block is arranged on the right side of the upper end of the motor case;
The support plate is arranged between the motor box and the outer box of the experiment box, one end of the support plate is hinged with the fifth fixed block, the right end of the support plate is provided with a first baffle, the front end and the rear end of the support plate are provided with second baffles, the first baffles are mutually perpendicular to the second baffles, the first baffles and the second baffles are perpendicular to the support plate, the two second baffles are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the outer box of the experiment box, the middle part of the lower surface of the support plate is provided with a support rod, one end of the support rod is hinged with the lower surface of the support plate, and the other end of the support rod is hinged with the upper surface of the second slide block;
the first sleeves are symmetrically arranged on the front side and the rear side of the surface on the left end of the supporting plate, one end of each first sleeve is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the supporting plate, an inner thread is arranged on the inner wall of each first sleeve, a second screw rod is arranged in each first sleeve and is in threaded connection with the corresponding first sleeve, a handle is arranged on the side wall of each second screw rod, a first ball is arranged at one end, far away from the first sleeve, of each second screw rod, each first ball is embedded in each second screw rod and rolls on the upper end of each second screw rod, and the upper surface of each first ball is in contact with the left bottom of the outer box of the experimental box;
The fixed column, two the fixed column symmetry sets up the backup pad right-hand member upper surface front and back both sides, fixed column one end with fixed surface connects in the backup pad, the fixed column other end inlays and is equipped with the second ball, the second ball can be in the fixed column upper end rolls, the second ball upper surface with experimental box outer box right side bottom contact.
Preferably, the vacuum pumping control device is further included, and the vacuum pumping control device includes:
the flow sensor is arranged at the water inlet valve and is used for detecting the actual air flow at the water inlet valve;
the second pressure sensor is arranged outside the outer box of the experiment box and is used for detecting the air pressure value outside the outer box of the experiment box;
the alarm is arranged outside the outer box of the experimental box;
the controller is arranged outside the outer box of the experimental box and is respectively and electrically connected with the flow sensor, the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the controller;
the controller controls the alarm to work based on the flow sensor, the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, and the controller comprises the following steps:
Step 1: based on the detection values of the flow sensor, the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, the permeation amount of the experimental tank is calculated by the formula (1):
wherein θ 1 S is the permeation quantity of the inner box of the experiment box 1 For the surface area of the outer wall of the inner box of the experimental box,for the permeability of the material of the outer wall of the inner box of the experimental box, P 1 For the air pressure value, P of the experiment box inner box detected by the first pressure sensor 2 For the air pressure value, Q, outside the experimental box detected by the second pressure sensor 1 For the actual air flow at the inlet valve, t, detected by the flow sensor 1 The preset working time length of the air suction pump is V 1 The volume of the inner box of the experiment box is L, and the wall thickness of the outer wall of the inner box of the experiment box is L;
step 2: based on the step 1, calculating the actual pumping efficiency of the pumping pump through a formula (2):
wherein eta 1 For the actual pumping efficiency of the pumping pump, Q 2 For the preset air flow, mu of the air suction and water pump 1 For the dynamic viscosity of the air in the water inlet pipeline, ln is the logarithm taking a constant e as a base, and h is the preset permeation quantity;
step 3: the controller compares the actual air extraction efficiency of the air extraction water pump with the preset air extraction efficiency of the air extraction water pump, and when the actual air extraction efficiency of the air extraction water pump is lower than the preset air extraction efficiency of the air extraction water pump, the controller controls the alarm to send out an alarm prompt.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: through adding the vacuum electroosmosis system, after the water bath of the test piece is dissolved, the water content state of the test piece when the test piece is frozen again is changed under the electrophoresis action between the cathode electrode plate and the anode electrode plate. In addition, by rotating the screw rod, the distance between the anode electrode plates is adjusted before the test, so that the force is applied to the test piece, the freeze thawing cycle process of the test piece under different stress states is simulated, and the expansion force generated by the test piece is tested in the frost heaving process.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities particularly pointed out in the written description and the appended drawings.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the whole structure of a freeze-thawing cycle experiment device capable of considering stress and water content coupling;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of an experimental box in the freeze-thawing cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and water content coupling;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a cathode electrode plate in a vacuum electroosmosis system in a freeze-thawing cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and water content coupling;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary drainage device in a freeze-thawing cycle experiment device capable of considering stress and water content coupling;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the invention at A in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the invention at B in FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a cleaning apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of portion C of FIG. 7;
fig. 9 is an enlarged view of the portion D in fig. 7.
The following are provided: 1. an outer box of the experiment box; 2. an experiment box inner box; 3. an experiment box cover handle; 4. the experiment box cover; 5. a double-layer sealing ring; 6. a heat preservation layer; 7. a bolt; 8. an upper cover plate; 9. a frame upright; 10. a force sensor; 11. an insulating layer; 12. an anode electrode plate; 13. a test piece; 14. a cathode electrode plate; 15. a circular sleeve; 16. a volume water content sensor; 17. a lower cover plate; 18. a drainage pipe; 19. a water pumping pipeline; 20. a drain valve; 21. an air extraction water pump; 22. a water inlet valve; 23. an electroosmosis device; 24. a rectifier; 25. an air outlet of the air conditioner; 26. a vacuum valve; 27. a temperature sensor; 28. a thermometer; 29. a control panel; 30. a first pressure sensor; 31. a pressure gauge; 32. a data acquisition device; 33. a water inlet pipe; 34. heating wires; 35. an air conditioning device; 36. a floor drain; 37. a screw; 38. a motor case; 39. a cavity; 40. a first motor; 41. an output shaft; 42. a roller; 43. a first chute; 44. a second chute; 45. a connecting column; 46. a second slider; 47. a fifth fixed block; 48. a support plate; 49. a first baffle; 50. a second baffle; 51. a support rod; 52. a first sleeve; 53. a second screw; 54. a handle; 55. a first ball; 56. fixing the column; 57. a second ball; 58. a cleaning device; 581. a mixing box; 582. a rotating lever; 583. a cleaning box; 584. a first sphere; 585. a moving plate; 586. a fixing plate; 587. a second sphere; 588. a first vertical channel; 589. a vertical support bar; 5810. a sealing plate; 5811. a guide plate; 5812. a first slider; 5813. a first spring; 5814. a mixing device; 58141. a first fixed block; 58142. a second fixed block; 58143. an access port; 58144. an inverted T-bar; 58145. a third spring; 58146. a fourth fixed block; 58147. a second vertical channel; 58148. a sliding plate; 58149. a first connection pipe; 58150. a second connection pipe; 58151. a second spring; 58152. a third fixed block; 58153. and a storage box.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a freeze-thawing cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and water content coupling, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising: experiment case still includes:
the test pieces 13 are arranged in the pressurizing systems, and each test piece 13 is fixed by one pressurizing system;
a vacuum electroosmosis system comprising: the anode electrode plates 12 and the cathode electrode plates 14 are in one-to-one correspondence contact with the test pieces 13 in the pressurizing systems and are used for forming seepage inside the test pieces 13 through electrophoresis under the action of current, so that the water content of the test pieces 13 in the freeze thawing cycle process is changed;
the temperature control system is connected with the experiment box;
the data acquisition system comprises a plurality of data acquisition sensors, wherein the data acquisition sensors are arranged in the experiment box and the pressurizing system, and the data acquisition system is electrically connected with the pressurizing system, the temperature control system and the vacuum electroosmosis system.
The working principle and beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: through adding a vacuum electroosmosis system, after the water bath of the test piece is dissolved, under the action of electrophoresis between the cathode electrode plate and the anode electrode plate, the water content state of the test piece when the test piece is frozen again is changed;
the pressurizing system is used for pressurizing the test piece, so as to control the stress state of the test piece in the freeze-thawing cycle process, and simulate the freeze-thawing cycle process of the test piece in different stress states;
according to the technical scheme, the traditional freeze-thawing cycle process can be realized, the water content change and the stress state in the natural freeze-thawing cycle process can be simulated, and the freeze-thawing cycle experiment is realized by coupling the stress and the water content factors.
Example 2
Based on example 1;
as shown in fig. 1, the experimental box includes:
the experimental box comprises an experimental box outer box 1, wherein an experimental box inner box 2 is arranged in the experimental box outer box 1, and an insulating layer 6 is arranged between the experimental box outer box 1 and the experimental box inner box 2;
the upper ends of the outer experiment box 1 are provided with experiment box covers 4, and the contact positions of the upper ends of the outer experiment box 1 and the inner experiment box 2 and the experiment box covers 4 are provided with double-layer sealing rings 5;
the upper surface of the experiment box cover 4 is provided with an experiment box cover handle 3 and a vacuum valve 26, and the vacuum valve 26 is communicated with the experiment box inner box 2.
The working principle and beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the experimental box cover is arranged at the upper end of the outer box of the experimental box, the experimental box cover can play a sealing role on the inner box of the experimental box, the inner box of the experimental box is isolated from the external environment, the experimental box cover is provided with an experimental box cover handle, the equipment is convenient to take, the double-layer sealing ring is stuck to the inner side of the experimental box cover and the contact part of the inner wall of the experimental box, the double-layer annular sealing is stuck, the sealing performance of the experimental box cover is enhanced, the vacuum valve is fixed on the outer side of the experimental box cover, and after the vacuum valve is opened, external air can enter the inner box of the experimental box, so that the pressure value in the inner box of the experimental box is recovered to the atmospheric pressure.
Example 3
On the basis of example 1 or 2, as shown in fig. 1;
the pressurization system includes: the upper cover plate 8, the lower cover plate 17, the frame upright post 9, the circular sleeve 15 and the screw rod 37;
one end of each of the four frame upright posts 9 is fixedly connected with the inner bottom wall of the experimental box (the inner bottom wall of the experimental box when the experimental box is on the basis of the embodiment), four corners of the lower cover plate 17 are respectively and fixedly connected with the lower parts of the four frame upright posts 9 through bolts 7, and four corners of the upper cover plate 8 are respectively and fixedly connected with the upper parts of the four frame upright posts 9 through bolts 7;
The circular sleeve 15 is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the lower cover plate 17, an insulating layer 11 is stuck inside the circular sleeve 15, and a test piece is placed in the circular sleeve 15;
the screw rod 37 is fixed at the center of the upper cover plate 8 (preferably, the screw rod 37 is fixed by bolts), the screw rod 37, the force sensor 10 and the anode electrode plate 12 are sequentially and fixedly connected on an axis, the screw rod 37 is rotated to control the anode electrode plate 12 to move up and down, so that the stress state (pressurization) of a test piece in the freeze thawing cycle process is controlled, and the stress between the screw rod 37 and the anode electrode plate 12 is tested by the force sensor 10.
Preferably, the surfaces of the circular sleeve 15, the lower cover plate 17, the insulating layer 11, the anode electrode plate 12 and the cathode electrode plate 14 are provided with a plurality of through holes; both the anode electrode plate 12 and the cathode electrode plate 14 are composed of graphite material.
The working principle and beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the frame stand passes through bolt fastening at experimental box inner box bottom plate, the lower floor's apron passes through bolt fastening in frame stand lower part, the upper cover passes through bolt fastening in frame stand upper portion, circular sleeve passes through bolt fastening in lower floor's apron central point put, circular sleeve upper end is provided with anode electrode plate, anode electrode plate upper end sets up the force transducer, the force transducer upper end sets up the screw rod, screw rod and force transducer, anode electrode plate three welds in proper order on an axis, screw rod upper end and upper cover threaded connection, through setting up pressurized system, rotate the screw rod and can control anode electrode plate and reciprocate in circular sleeve, adjust the distance between anode electrode plate and the test piece, and then reach the effect of exerting force to the test piece, the freeze thawing cycle process of simulation test piece under different stress state, and through the expansion force that force transducer test piece produced in the frost heaving process.
The problem that in the prior art, a test piece is in a free state in the freeze-thawing cycle process and is not stressed is solved; the expansion force in the frost heaving process is not measured, etc., which are quite different from the actual situation.
The insulating layer is stuck inside the circular sleeve, so that the insulating effect can be achieved, the electric conduction of the outer wall of the circular sleeve in the electroosmosis process is prevented, and the circular sleeve, the lower cover plate, the insulating layer, the cathode electrode plate and the anode electrode plate are all uniformly perforated, so that the water flows in and out in the freeze thawing circulation process. The graphite material has good conductivity, the graphite electrode is easy to process, the discharge processing removal rate is high, the graphite loss is small, the processing speed is obviously faster than that of a copper electrode, the graphite electrode is processed 58% faster than the copper electrode, the processing time is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the manufacturing cost is also reduced.
Example 4
On the basis of any one of the embodiments 1 to 3, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3; the vacuum electroosmosis system comprises: a plurality of anode electrode plates 12, a plurality of cathode electrode plates 14, an electroosmosis device 23, a rectifier 24 and an air and water pump 21;
the device comprises a circular sleeve 15, a screw rod 37, a force sensor 10, an anode electrode plate 12 and a cathode electrode plate 14, wherein the anode electrode plate 12 is arranged at the upper part in the circular sleeve 15, specifically, can be arranged at the upper part of the circular sleeve in a sliding manner, the screw rod 37, the force sensor 10 and the anode electrode plate 12 are sequentially and fixedly connected on an axis, the screw rod 37 is rotated to control the anode electrode plate 12 to move up and down, so that the stress state of a test piece in the freeze thawing cycle process is controlled, and the stress between the screw rod 37 and the anode electrode plate 12 is tested by the force sensor 10;
The cathode electrode plate 14 is arranged at the inner bottom of the circular sleeve 15, a test piece 13 is arranged between the cathode electrode plate 14 and the anode electrode plate 12, and the upper end and the lower end of the test piece 13 are respectively contacted with the inner surfaces of the anode electrode plate 12 and the cathode electrode plate 14;
the electroosmosis device 23 and the rectifier 24 are both arranged at the lower part in the experiment box, the rectifier 24 is electrically connected with the electroosmosis device 23, and the anode and the cathode of the electroosmosis device 23 are respectively electrically connected with the anode electrode plate 12 and the cathode electrode plate 14;
the vacuum electroosmosis system further comprises: the water pumping pipeline 19, the water inlet pipeline 33, the water inlet valve 22, the floor drain 36, the water draining pipeline 18 and the water draining valve 20;
the air and water suction pump 21 is arranged outside the experiment box, the input end of the air and water suction pump 21 is connected with an external water source through the water suction pipeline 19, the output end of the air and water suction pump 21 is connected with the water inlet pipeline 33, the air and water suction pump 21 is communicated with the inside of the experiment box through the water inlet pipeline 33, and the water inlet valve 22 is arranged on the water suction pipeline 19;
the floor drain 36 is arranged at the bottom in the experiment box, one end of the drainage pipeline 18 is connected with the floor drain 36, the other end of the drainage pipeline 18 is positioned outside the experiment box, and the drainage valve 20 is arranged on the drainage pipeline 18.
The temperature control system comprises: an air conditioner 35, an air conditioner air outlet 25, and an electric heating wire 34;
the air conditioner 35 is disposed outside the experiment box, the air conditioner air outlet 25 is disposed inside the experiment box, the air conditioner air outlet 25 is connected with the air conditioner 35 through a ventilation pipe, and the heating wire 34 is disposed inside the experiment box (specifically, may be disposed on the lower portion of the circular sleeve 15 as shown in the figure).
The working principle and beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly electrically connecting a rectifier with external alternating current, converting the alternating current into direct current by the rectifier, then connecting the rectifier with an electroosmosis device, connecting the anode of the electroosmosis device with an anode electrode plate, connecting the cathode of the electroosmosis device with a cathode electrode plate, placing 6 test pieces in an experiment box, fixing each test piece by a set of pressurizing system, carrying out electroosmosis by a set of cathode and anode electrodes, opening a water inlet valve when a vacuum environment is needed, then opening an air suction pump, pumping air out of the experiment box through a water inlet pipeline, discharging the air out of the water inlet valve through a water suction pipeline, manufacturing a vacuum environment for the experiment box, and changing the water content state when the test pieces are frozen again under the electrophoresis action between the cathode electrode plate and the anode electrode plate after the test pieces are melted in a water bath by adding a vacuum electroosmosis system.
The air conditioner is started, cold air is sent into the inner box of the experiment box through an air outlet of the air conditioner, so that a test piece in the inner box of the experiment box is frozen, when the test piece needs to be melted, a water inlet valve is firstly opened, then a water pumping pump is started, an external water source is sent into the inner box of the experiment box through a water pumping pipe and a water inlet pipe, after the water level submerges the test piece, the water pumping pump stops working, the water inlet valve is closed, then an electric heating wire is opened, the electric heating wire heats water in the inner box of the experiment box, so that the test piece is melted, and after the melting is finished, an experiment box cover is opened to reduce the temperature of the inner box of the experiment box; the drain valve is opened, so that water in the inner box of the experiment box is discharged to the outside through the floor drain and the drain pipeline, the drain valve is closed after the water is completely discharged, and the experiment box cover is closed, wherein the inner box of the experiment box is provided with a frame upright post fixing hole, a floor drain hole, a water inlet hole, an air outlet hole and each sensor data line hole, and all the holes are sealed through means such as welding, rubber rings and the like, so that water leakage and air leakage are prevented.
Example 5
On the basis of any one of the embodiments 1 to 4, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3;
the plurality of data acquisition sensors includes: the force sensor 10, the volume water content sensor 16, the temperature sensor 27 and the first pressure sensor 30; the data acquisition system further comprises: thermometer 28, pressure gauge 31, data acquisition device 32 and control panel 29;
The outer wall of the circular sleeve 15 is provided with a plurality of volume moisture content sensors 16 at equal intervals, probes of the volume moisture content sensors 16 penetrate through the outer wall of the circular sleeve 15 and are inserted into the test piece 13, the temperature sensor 27 is arranged on the inner side wall of the experiment box, the thermometer 28 is arranged on the outer side of the experiment box, the temperature sensor 27 is electrically connected with the thermometer 28, the first pressure sensor 30 is arranged on the inner side wall of the experiment box, the pressure gauge 31 is arranged on the outer side of the experiment box, and the first pressure sensor 30 is electrically connected with the pressure gauge 31;
the data acquisition device 32 is arranged outside the experimental box, and the data acquisition device 32 is electrically connected with the force sensor 10, the volume water content sensor 16, the temperature sensor 27, the first pressure sensor 30, the control panel 29 and the electroosmosis device 23 respectively.
The working principle and beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the pressure value of the inner box of the experiment box can be confirmed through the pressure gauge, the temperature of the inner box of the experiment box can be confirmed through the temperature gauge, the control panel is operated, the data acquisition device starts to record the data of the force sensor and the volume water content sensor, then the opening and closing of the electroosmosis device can be controlled through the control panel, and the data acquisition system is arranged, so that the detection data of each sensor can be acquired, visual observation is facilitated, and the experiment state of the inner box of the experiment box is confirmed.
The volume moisture content sensor probe inserts the test piece inside through the hole on the circular sleeve section of thick bamboo wall to can detect the moisture content of test piece in the circular sleeve, and set up foretell a plurality of, detect the moisture content in the different positions of test piece, with the emergence of determining electrophoresis phenomenon, make the detection more reliable.
Example 6
Based on the above examples 1-5, the specific operation steps are as follows:
(a) Preparation stage
Opening the experiment box cover 4, and fixing four frame upright posts 9 of each group of test pieces on the bottom plate of the experiment box inner box 2 through bolts; the lower cover plate 17 is fixed at a proper position at the lower part of the frame upright post 9 through bolts; the round sleeve 15 is fixed at the center of the lower cover plate 17 through a bolt 7; placing the cathode electrode plate 14 into the bottom of the circular sleeve 15; placing the test piece 13 into the circular sleeve 15; the upper cover plate 8 is fixed at a proper position on the upper part of the frame upright post 9 through bolts 7, the anode electrode plate 12 is ensured to be put into the upper part of the circular sleeve 15, and the anode electrode plate 12 and the cathode electrode plate 14 are respectively in close contact with the upper surface and the lower surface of the test piece 13; the probes of the four volume water content sensors 16 of each group of test pieces are inserted into the test pieces 13 at equal intervals; closing the experiment box cover 4; turning on a power supply; checking whether the force sensor 10 and the volume water content sensor 16 are normal or not through the control panel 29; according to each experimental condition, the data change of the force sensor 10 is observed on the control panel 29 by rotating the screw 37, and the rotation is stopped when the corresponding pressure value is reached; checking whether the temperature control system and the vacuum electroosmosis system work normally or not; checking whether the temperature sensor 27, the thermometer 28, the first pressure sensor 30 and the pressure gauge 31 work normally; if both are normal, the experiment is ready to begin.
(b) Freezing stage
After all test pieces 13 are installed, closing the experiment box cover 4; closing the drain valve 20 and the inlet valve 22; opening an air conditioner 35 to send cool air into the experiment box inner box 2 through an air outlet 25; operating the control panel 29, and starting to record the data of the force sensor 10 and the volume water content sensor 16 through the data acquisition device 32; when the data change of the thermometer 28 is observed and the desired freezing temperature is reached, the air conditioner 35 stops operating and the freezing process is performed.
(c) Melting stage
After the freezing is completed, the experiment box cover 4 is opened to increase the temperature of the experiment box inner box 2; opening a water inlet valve 22, starting an air suction water pump 21, and feeding an external water source into the experiment box inner box 2 through a water suction pipeline 19 and a water inlet pipeline 33; after the water level submerges the test piece 13, the air suction water pump 21 stops working, and the water inlet valve 22 is closed; closing the experiment box cover 4; opening the heating wire 34, heating the water in the experiment box inner box 2, observing the data change of the thermometer 28, stopping the heating wire 34 when the required melting temperature is reached, restarting the heating wire 34 when the temperature is reduced, keeping the water temperature unchanged in the melting stage, and performing the melting process; after the melting is completed, the experiment box cover 4 is opened to reduce the temperature of the experiment box inner box 2; the drain valve 20 is opened to drain the water in the experiment box 2 to the outside through the floor drain 36 and the drain pipe 18, and after all the water is drained, the drain valve 20 is closed to close the experiment box cover 4.
(d) Vacuum electroosmosis stage
Opening the air suction pump 21 to suck air of the experiment box inner box 2, observing data change of the first pressure sensor 30, and stopping the air suction pump 21 after the pressure approaches to the vacuum value; the control panel 29 is used for setting the water content required by the experiment, the electroosmosis device 23 starts to work, the water content of the test piece 13 starts to drop, and the electroosmosis device 23 stops working when the water content required by the experiment is reached according to the data measured by the volume water content sensor 16; the vacuum valve 26 is opened to restore the pressure value in the laboratory box 2 to atmospheric pressure, and the next freeze-thawing cycle is prepared.
(e) Cycle phase
Repeating the steps (b) - (d) according to the experiment freeze-thawing cycle times, and repeating the steps (b) - (c) only in the last freeze-thawing cycle.
(f) End stage
After the experiment is finished, opening the experiment box cover 4, sequentially removing the upper cover plate 8, the circular sleeve 15 and the volume water content sensor 16, and taking out the test piece 13 from the circular sleeve 15 for subsequent experiments; copying the measurement data out for data analysis by the control panel 29; after cleaning the experiment box inner box 2, the power supply is turned off.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: through adding the vacuum electroosmosis system, after the water bath of the test piece is dissolved, the water content state of the test piece when the test piece is frozen again is changed under the electrophoresis action between the cathode electrode plate and the anode electrode plate. In addition, the screw is rotated, the distance between the anode electrode plates is adjusted before the test, so that the test piece is subjected to force application, the freeze thawing cycle process of the test piece under different stress states is simulated, and the expansion force generated by the test piece is tested in the freeze expansion process; the technical scheme realizes the freeze thawing cycle experiment by coupling the stress and the water content factors.
Example 7
On the basis of any one of the embodiments 1 to 6, as shown in fig. 4 to 6, an auxiliary drainage device is further provided below the outer box 1 of the experimental box, and the auxiliary drainage device includes:
the motor box 38 is arranged below the experiment box outer box 1, a cavity 39 is formed in the motor box 38, a first motor 40 is arranged in the cavity 39, the right side of the first motor 40 is fixedly connected with the right side wall of the cavity 39, an output shaft 41 is arranged at the left end of the first motor 40, and one end, far away from the first motor 40, of the output shaft 41 is rotatably connected with the left side wall of the cavity 39;
the roller 42 is arranged on the output shaft 41, the inner wall of the roller 42 is fixedly connected with the outer ring of the output shaft 41, and a first chute 43 is obliquely formed on the surface of the roller 42;
the second sliding chute 44 is arranged on the upper surface of the motor box 38, the second sliding chute 44 is positioned right above the roller 42, the outside of the motor box 38 is communicated with the cavity 39 through the second sliding chute 44, a connecting column 45 is connected in a sliding manner in the second sliding chute 44, one end of the connecting column 45 extends into the first sliding chute 43 and is connected with the first sliding chute 43 in a sliding engagement manner, the other end of the connecting column 45 passes through the inside of the second sliding chute 44 to extend above the motor box 38 and is provided with a second sliding block 46, and the bottom surface of the second sliding block 46 is connected with the upper surface of the motor box 38 in a sliding manner;
A fifth fixed block 47, the fifth fixed block 47 being disposed on the right side of the upper end of the motor case 38;
the support plate 48 is arranged between the motor box 38 and the experiment box outer box 1, one end of the support plate 48 is hinged with the fifth fixed block 47, a first baffle 49 is arranged at the right end of the support plate 48, second baffles 50 are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the support plate 48, the first baffle 49 and the second baffle 50 are mutually perpendicular, the first baffle 49 and the second baffle 50 are both perpendicular to the support plate 48, the two second baffles 50 are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the experiment box outer box 1, a support rod 51 is arranged in the middle of the lower surface of the support plate 48, one end of the support rod 51 is hinged with the lower surface of the support plate 48, and the other end of the support rod 51 is hinged with the upper surface of the slide block 46;
the first sleeves 52 are symmetrically arranged on the front side and the rear side of the surface of the left end of the supporting plate 48, one end of each first sleeve 52 is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the supporting plate 48, internal threads are arranged on the inner wall of each first sleeve 52, a second screw rod 53 is arranged in each first sleeve 52, each second screw rod 53 is in threaded connection with each first sleeve 52, a handle 54 is arranged on the side wall of each second screw rod 53, a first ball 55 is arranged at one end, far away from each first sleeve 52, of each second screw rod 53, each first ball 55 is embedded in each second screw rod 53 and rolls on the upper end of each second screw rod 53, and the upper surface of each first ball 55 is in contact with the bottom of the left side of the outer box 1;
The fixed column 56, two the fixed column 56 symmetry sets up the front and back both sides on the upper surface of backup pad 48, fixed column 56 one end with fixed connection on the backup pad 48, the fixed column 56 other end inlays and is equipped with second ball 57, second ball 57 can be in the upper end of fixed column 56 rolls, second ball 57 upper surface with experimental box outer box 1 right side bottom contact.
The working principle and beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: when the experiment box inner box 2 needs to drain water, the first motor 40 is started, the first motor 40 drives the output shaft 41 to rotate, the output shaft 41 rotates to drive the roller 42 to rotate, the roller 42 rotates, simultaneously, the first sliding groove 43 on the surface of the roller 42 rotates along with the roller 42, the first sliding groove 43 is arranged into a spiral shape, the connecting column 45 is connected in an engaged sliding manner in the first sliding groove 43, the roller 42 rotates to drive the connecting column 45 to slide from left to right along the first sliding groove 43, then the connecting column 45 slides in the second sliding groove 44 and drives the sliding block 46 to slide from left to right on the upper surface of the motor box 38, the sliding block 46 drives the supporting rod 51 to move right, the supporting rod 51 pushes the supporting plate 48 to rotate by taking the hinging position with the fixed block 47 as the circle center, the supporting plate 48 tilts, the experiment box outer box 1 arranged above the supporting plate 48 also tilts along with the supporting plate 48, and water in the experiment box inner box 2 can flow to the right side of the experiment box inner box 2, then, the handle 54 is grasped again, the handle 54 is rotated to enable the second screw rod 53 to rotate in the first sleeve 52, the second screw rod 53 ascends along the first sleeve 52 through the screw transmission effect, the second screw rod 53 arranged at the rear side of the supporting plate 48 ascends to a height higher than that of the second screw rod 53 arranged at the front side, then the rear side of the left end of the outer box 1 of the experiment box is positioned at the highest position, the water in the inner box 2 of the experiment box can flow to the floor drain 36 at the right side of the inner box 2 of the experiment box and flows out from the floor drain 36, the first baffle 49 and the second baffle 50 are arranged at the outer side of the outer box 1 of the experiment box, the outer box 1 of the experiment box can be blocked, the outer box 1 of the experiment box is prevented from sliding from the supporting plate 48, the supporting plate 48 can be inclined through the arrangement of the auxiliary drainage device, the rotation of the first motor 40, the outer box 1 of the experiment box is inclined, the hydroenergy in the experiment incasement case 2 flows to the right side of the experiment incasement case 2 from the left side of the experiment incasement case 2, then flows out from the floor drain 36, then rotates the handle 54 again, makes the second screw 53 rise, and the first ball 55 of second screw 53 upper end slides in experiment case outer case 1 bottom, is convenient for adjust the inclination of experiment case outer case 1, drives experiment case outer case 1 left rear side simultaneously and rises, and the water in the experiment incasement case 2 can all flow out through floor drain 36, through making experiment case outer case 1 slope, can make solved the problem that the experiment incasement case 2 reclaimed water is difficult to whole discharge for experiment case inner case 2 is cleaner.
Example 8
The base of any one of embodiments 1 to 7, further comprising a vacuum control device, the vacuum control device comprising:
a flow sensor provided at the water inlet valve 22 for detecting an actual air flow rate at the water inlet valve 22;
the second pressure sensor is arranged outside the experiment box outer box 1 and is used for detecting the air pressure value outside the experiment box outer box 1;
the alarm is arranged outside the experiment box outer box 1;
the controller is arranged outside the experiment box outer box 1 and is respectively and electrically connected with the flow sensor, the first pressure sensor 30, the second pressure sensor and the controller;
the controller controls the alarm to work based on the flow sensor, the first pressure sensor 30 and the second pressure sensor, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: based on the detection values of the flow sensor, the first pressure sensor 30, and the second pressure sensor, the permeation amount of the experimental tank inner tank 2 is calculated by the formula (1):
wherein θ 1 For the permeation quantity S of the experiment box inner box 2 1 For the surface area of the outer wall of the inner box 2 of the experimental box,for the permeability, P, of the material of the outer wall of the inner box 2 of the experimental box 1 For the air pressure value, P, of the experiment box inner box 2 detected by the first pressure sensor 30 2 For the air pressure value, Q, outside the experiment box outer box 1 detected by the second pressure sensor 1 For the actual air flow at the inlet valve 22, t, detected by the flow sensor 1 For a preset working time period V of the air and water suction pump 21 1 The volume of the experimental box inner box 2 is L, and the wall thickness of the outer wall of the experimental box inner box 2;
step 2: based on step 1, the actual pumping efficiency of the pumping pump 21 is calculated by formula (2):
wherein eta 1 For the actual pumping efficiency, Q, of the pump 21 2 For a preset air flow rate, mu, of said suction pump 21 1 For the dynamic viscosity of the air in the water inlet pipe 33, ln is the logarithm based on a constant e, and h is a preset permeation quantity;
step 3: the controller compares the actual air extraction efficiency of the air extraction water pump 21 with the preset air extraction efficiency of the air extraction water pump 21, and when the actual air extraction efficiency of the air extraction water pump 21 is lower than the preset air extraction efficiency of the air extraction water pump 21, the controller controls the alarm to send out an alarm prompt.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: when the vacuum pump 21 is used to pump the vacuum of the inner box 2, the first pressure sensor 30 can detect the air pressure value of the inner box 2, the second pressure sensor can detect the air pressure value outside the outer box 1, the flow sensor can detect the actual air flow at the water inlet valve 22, although the vacuum degradation factor of the air leakage of the inner box 2 can be eliminated, the penetration phenomenon is not negligible, the pressure difference between the inner and outer parts of the inner box 2 easily causes the change of the vacuum of the inner box 2, therefore, in combination with the detection values of the first pressure sensor 30, the flow sensor and the second pressure sensor, the penetration amount of the inner box 2 can be calculated by the formula (1), and then the actual air extraction efficiency of the pump 21 can be calculated by the formula (2), because in the vacuum system, the flow of the gas can be generally divided into viscous flow and molecular flow, when the average free path of gas molecules is sufficiently smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe, collision among the molecules is a main phenomenon, so that the dynamic viscosity of the air in the water inlet pipeline 33 is comprehensively considered in the calculation process, the calculation result of the formula (2) is more accurate and reliable, then the controller compares the calculated actual air extraction efficiency of the air extraction water pump 21 with the preset air extraction efficiency, and when the actual air extraction efficiency of the air extraction water pump 21 is smaller than the preset air extraction efficiency, the controller controls the alarm to send an alarm prompt, and on-site staff can timely overhaul the air extraction water pump 21 through the alarm prompt, so that the vacuum extraction work can be avoided from being completed in the preset time due to low actual air extraction efficiency of the air extraction water pump 21.
Example 9
On the basis of any one of the embodiments 1 to 8, as shown in fig. 7 to 9, a cleaning device 58 is further included, the cleaning device 58 including:
a mixing box 581, wherein a driving motor is fixedly connected to the upper end of the mixing box 581;
a rotation lever 582 rotatably connected to the inside of the mixing tank 581, the rotation lever 582 having rotation blades provided on a peripheral side thereof;
a cleaning tank 583 fixedly connected to the lower end of the mixing tank 581, wherein the lower end of the rotating rod 582 extends through the cleaning tank 583;
a first ball 584 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lower portion of the rotating rod 582;
the moving plate 585 is arranged at the lower end of the rotating rod 582, the lower end of the rotating rod 582 passes through the moving plate 585, the upper end of the moving plate 585 is positioned at the outer side of the rotating rod 582 and is fixedly connected with a fixed plate 586, one side, close to the rotating rod 582, of the fixed plate 586 is fixedly connected with a second sphere 587, the second sphere 587 is positioned above the first sphere 584, and when the rotating rod 582 rotates to drive the first sphere 584 to rotate, the second sphere 587 can be contacted;
a plurality of first vertical passages 588 arranged outside the rotating rod 582, wherein the upper ends of the first vertical passages 588 are communicated with the mixing tank 581, and the lower ends of the first vertical passages 588 are communicated with the cleaning tank 583;
The plurality of vertical support rods 58951 are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first vertical channels 588, the upper parts of the vertical support rods 58951 are positioned in the first vertical channels 588, the upper ends of the vertical support rods 58951 are fixedly connected with sealing plates 5810 for sealing the first vertical channels 588, and the lower ends of the vertical support rods 58951 are fixedly connected with the upper ends of the movable plates 585;
two guide plates 5811 fixedly connected to the inside of the cleaning tank 583 and located at both left and right sides of the moving plate 585;
the first sliding blocks 5812 are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the moving plate 585, and the first sliding blocks 5812 are slidably connected to corresponding vertical sliding grooves in the guide plate 5811;
a first spring 5813 fixedly connected between the upper end of the first slider 5812 and the upper end of the purge tank 583;
a plurality of mixing devices 5814 fixedly connected to an upper end of the mixing tank 581, the mixing devices 5814 comprising:
the two first fixing blocks 58141 are arranged at left and right intervals and are fixedly connected to the upper end of the mixing box 581 through a plurality of second springs 58151, and the upper end of each first fixing block 58141 is a first inclined plane;
the two second fixing blocks 58142 are fixedly connected to one sides of the two first fixing blocks 58141, which are close to each other, the lower ends of the second inclined planes of the two second fixing blocks 58142 are close to each other and are in contact with each other to be closed, and the upper ends of the mixing boxes 581 are positioned under the second inclined planes and are provided with inlet ports 58143;
Two third fixing blocks 58152, one side of which is fixedly connected to the upper end of the mixing box 581 through a connecting bracket;
the inverted-T-shaped rod 58144 is slidably connected in the third fixing block 58152, the lower end of the inverted-T-shaped rod 58144 is fixedly connected with a fourth fixing block 58146 through a third spring 58145, the fourth fixing block 58146 is positioned at the lower end of the third fixing block 58152, the upper end and the lower end of the fourth fixing block are respectively provided with a third inclined plane parallel to each other, the third inclined plane is parallel to the first inclined plane, and the upper end of the inverted-T-shaped rod is fixedly connected with the storage box 58153;
the second vertical channel 58147 is fixedly connected between the two third fixed blocks 58152 through a connecting block;
the sliding plate 58148 is connected in the second vertical channel 58147 in an up-down sliding manner, the sliding plate 58148 is communicated with the storage box through a first connecting pipe 58149, a second connecting pipe 58150 is fixed at the lower end of the sliding plate 58148, the upper end of the second connecting pipe 58150 is communicated with the lower end of the first connecting pipe, and the lower end of the second connecting pipe 58150 faces the lower end of the second inclined plane.
The working principle and beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the cleaning device can be used for cleaning the experiment box before and after the experiment, or can also be used for mixed feeding (comprising water or various additives) and is used for auxiliary feeding in the experiment process;
Adding auxiliary materials required by experiments such as water into the mixing box, wherein the storage box is used for storing different added materials, when various materials are required to be mixed, the storage box is pressed down (a device capable of being manually pressed down or being automatically pressed down can be arranged, for example, a telescopic rod is used for pressing down), the storage box moves down, a fourth fixed block at the lower end of the inverted T-shaped rod is driven to move down, the fourth fixed block presses down the first fixed block, the first fixed block deflects, the second inclined surface is opened, the materials in the storage box enter the mixing box sequentially through a gap between the first connecting pipe, the second connecting pipe and the first inclined surface and an inlet, in the process, the sliding plate plays a guiding role on the movement of the storage box, the third fixed block plays a guiding role on the movement of the inverted T-shaped rod, meanwhile, the arrangement of the second spring and the third spring enables the whole structure to move more stably, the technical scheme can realize the box cover feeding without repeatedly opening the mixing box, the feeding is convenient, and the feeding is not limited to liquid, so that the invention is more convenient to use;
the driving motor drives the dwang to rotate, the blade is accelerated the misce bene to the material stirring in the mixing box, first spheroid on the dwang rotates simultaneously, contact promotion second spheroid upward movement, the upward movement of second spheroid drives the upward movement of movable plate, the movable plate drives vertical support pole upward movement, finally realize the closing plate motion to first vertical passageway top, make the material after mixing get into the washing incasement through first vertical passageway, when realizing the stirring, automatic intermittent type nature output material after mixing to the washing case, be convenient for follow-up through the material after the output mixes (preferably, also can set up secondary stirring device at the mixing box), and the cooperation of second slider and spout plays the guide effect in the above-mentioned upward movement, first vertical passageway also plays the guide effect to the motion of vertical support pole simultaneously, make the motion reliable.
The technical scheme is convenient for the combination of functions such as feeding, stirring and mixing, automatic mixing and the like, and has strong practicability.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

Claims (4)

1. The freeze thawing cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and water content coupling comprises an experimental box, and is characterized by further comprising:
the test pieces (13) are arranged in the pressurizing systems, and each test piece (13) is fixed by one pressurizing system; the experimental box comprises: the experimental box comprises an experimental box outer box (1), wherein an experimental box inner box (2) is arranged in the experimental box outer box (1), and an insulating layer (6) is arranged between the experimental box outer box (1) and the experimental box inner box (2); the upper end of the outer experiment box (1) is provided with an experiment box cover (4), and the contact positions of the upper ends of the outer experiment box (1) and the inner experiment box (2) and the experiment box cover (4) are provided with double-layer sealing rings (5); an experiment box cover handle (3) and a vacuum valve (26) are arranged on the upper surface of the experiment box cover (4), and the vacuum valve (26) is communicated with the experiment box inner box (2);
A vacuum electroosmosis system comprising: the anode electrode plates (12) and the cathode electrode plates (14) are in one-to-one correspondence contact with the test pieces (13) in the pressurizing systems and are used for forming seepage in the test pieces (13) through electrophoresis under the action of current, so that the water content of the test pieces (13) in the freeze-thawing cycle process is changed;
the temperature control system is connected with the experiment box;
the data acquisition system comprises a plurality of data acquisition sensors, wherein the data acquisition sensors are arranged in the experiment box and the pressurizing system, and the data acquisition system is electrically connected with the pressurizing system, the temperature control system and the vacuum electroosmosis system; the plurality of data acquisition sensors includes: a force sensor (10), a volume water content sensor (16), a temperature sensor (27) and a first pressure sensor (30);
the pressurization system includes: an upper cover plate (8), a lower cover plate (17), a frame upright post (9), a circular sleeve (15) and a screw (37);
one end of each of the four frame upright posts (9) is fixedly connected with the inner bottom wall of the experimental box, four corners of the lower cover plate (17) are respectively and fixedly connected with the lower parts of the four frame upright posts (9) through bolts (7), and four corners of the upper cover plate (8) are respectively and fixedly connected with the upper parts of the four frame upright posts (9) through bolts (7);
The circular sleeve (15) is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the lower cover plate (17), an insulating layer is stuck inside the circular sleeve (15), and a test piece is placed in the circular sleeve (15);
the screw rod (37) is fixed at the center of the upper cover plate (8), the screw rod (37), the force sensor (10) and the anode electrode plate (12) are sequentially and fixedly connected on an axis, the screw rod (37) is rotated to control the anode electrode plate (12) to move up and down, so that the stress state of a test piece in the freeze thawing cycle process is controlled, and the force sensor (10) is used for testing the stress between the screw rod (37) and the anode electrode plate (12);
the device comprises a circular sleeve (15), a screw (37), a force sensor (10), an anode electrode plate (12) and a cathode electrode plate (14) which are in one-to-one correspondence, wherein the anode electrode plate (12) is arranged at the upper part in the circular sleeve (15); the cathode electrode plate (14) is arranged at the inner bottom of the circular sleeve (15), a test piece (13) is arranged between the cathode electrode plate (14) and the anode electrode plate (12), and the upper end and the lower end of the test piece (13) are respectively contacted with the inner surfaces of the anode electrode plate (12) and the cathode electrode plate (14);
the data acquisition system further comprises: a thermometer (28), a pressure gauge (31), a data acquisition device (32) and a control panel (29); the device comprises a test piece (13), a circular sleeve (15), a temperature sensor (27), a first pressure sensor (30), a pressure gauge (31), a temperature meter (28), a temperature sensor (27) and a first pressure sensor (30), wherein the circular sleeve (15) is provided with a plurality of volume water content sensors (16) on the outer wall at equal intervals, probes of the volume water content sensors (16) penetrate through the outer wall of the circular sleeve (15) and are inserted into the test piece (13), the temperature sensor (27) is arranged on the inner side wall of the test piece, the temperature meter (28) is arranged on the outer side of the test piece, the temperature sensor (27) is electrically connected with the temperature meter (28), the first pressure sensor (30) is arranged on the inner side wall of the test piece, the pressure meter (31) is arranged on the outer side of the test piece, and the first pressure sensor (30) is electrically connected with the pressure gauge (31); the data acquisition device (32) is arranged outside the experiment box, and the data acquisition device (32) is electrically connected with the force sensor (10), the volume water content sensor (16), the temperature sensor (27), the first pressure sensor (30), the control panel (29) and the electroosmosis device (23) respectively;
The vacuum electroosmosis system further comprises: an electroosmosis device (23), a rectifier (24) and an air extraction and water suction pump (21);
the electroosmosis device (23) and the rectifier (24) are arranged at the lower part in the experiment box, the rectifier (24) is electrically connected with the electroosmosis device (23), and the anode and the cathode of the electroosmosis device (23) are respectively electrically connected with the anode electrode plate (12) and the cathode electrode plate (14);
the vacuum electroosmosis system further comprises: a water pumping pipeline (19), a water inlet pipeline (33), a water inlet valve (22), a floor drain (36), a water draining pipeline (18) and a water draining valve (20);
the air and water suction pump (21) is arranged outside the experiment box, the input end of the air and water suction pump (21) is connected with an external water source through an air and water suction pipeline (19), the output end of the air and water suction pump (21) is connected with a water inlet pipeline (33), the air and water suction pump (21) is communicated with the inside of the experiment box through the water inlet pipeline (33), and a water inlet valve (22) is arranged on the water suction pipeline (19);
the floor drain (36) is arranged at the bottom in the experiment box, one end of the drainage pipeline (18) is connected with the floor drain (36), the other end of the drainage pipeline (18) is positioned outside the experiment box, and the drainage pipeline (18) is provided with a drainage valve (20);
The temperature control system comprises: an air conditioner (35), an air conditioner air outlet (25) and an electric heating wire (34);
the air conditioner (35) is arranged outside the experiment box, the air conditioner air outlet (25) is arranged inside the experiment box, the air conditioner air outlet (25) is connected with the air conditioner (35) through a ventilation pipeline, and the heating wire (34) is arranged inside the experiment box;
the freeze thawing cycle experimental device further comprises a vacuumizing control device, wherein the vacuumizing control device comprises:
a flow sensor provided at the water inlet valve (22) for detecting an actual air flow at the water inlet valve (22);
the second pressure sensor is arranged outside the experiment box outer box (1) and is used for detecting the air pressure value outside the experiment box outer box (1);
the alarm is arranged outside the experiment box outer box (1);
the controller is arranged outside the experiment box outer box (1) and is respectively and electrically connected with the flow sensor, the first pressure sensor (30), the second pressure sensor and the controller;
the controller controls the alarm to work based on the flow sensor, the first pressure sensor (30) and the second pressure sensor, and the controller comprises the following steps:
Step 1: based on the detection values of the flow sensor, the first pressure sensor (30) and the second pressure sensor, the permeation amount of the experiment box inner box (2) is calculated through a formula (1):
wherein θ 1 For the penetration amount of the experiment box inner box (2), S 1 For the surface area of the outer wall of the experimental box (2),for the permeability, P, of the material of the outer wall of the experimental box (2) 1 For the air pressure value, P, of the laboratory tank inner tank (2) detected by the first pressure sensor (30) 2 The experiment box outer box detected by the second pressure sensor(1) External air pressure value, Q 1 For the actual air flow at the inlet valve (22) detected by the flow sensor, t 1 For the preset working time length, V, of the air and water suction pump (21) 1 The volume of the experimental box inner box (2) is L, and the wall thickness of the outer wall of the experimental box inner box (2);
step 2: based on the step 1, calculating the actual pumping efficiency of the pumping pump (21) through a formula (2):
wherein eta 1 For the actual pumping efficiency, Q, of the pumping pump (21) 2 For a preset air flow, mu, of said suction pump (21) 1 For the dynamic viscosity of the air in the water inlet pipeline (33), ln is the logarithm taking a constant e as a base, and h is the preset permeation quantity;
Step 3: the controller compares the actual air extraction efficiency of the air extraction water pump (21) with the preset air extraction efficiency of the air extraction water pump (21), and when the actual air extraction efficiency of the air extraction water pump (21) is lower than the preset air extraction efficiency of the air extraction water pump (21), the controller controls the alarm to send out an alarm prompt.
2. The freeze-thawing cycle experimental device capable of considering stress and water content coupling according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of through holes are formed on the surfaces of the circular sleeve (15), the lower cover plate (17), the insulating layer (11), the anode electrode plate (12) and the cathode electrode plate (14);
the anode electrode plate (12) and the cathode electrode plate (14) are both composed of graphite material.
3. The freeze-thawing cycle experimental device capable of considering coupling of stress and water content according to claim 1, wherein an auxiliary drainage device is further arranged below the outer box (1) of the experimental box, and the auxiliary drainage device comprises:
the motor box (38), motor box (38) set up experimental box outer box (1) below, set up cavity (39) in motor box (38), set up first motor (40) in cavity (39), first motor (40) right side with cavity (39) right side wall fixed connection, first motor (40) left end sets up output shaft (41), output shaft (41) keep away from first motor (40) one end with cavity (39) left side wall rotates to be connected;
The rotary drum (42) is arranged on the output shaft (41), the inner wall of the rotary drum (42) is fixedly connected with the outer ring of the output shaft (41), and a first sliding groove (43) is obliquely formed in the surface of the rotary drum (42);
the second sliding groove (44), the second sliding groove (44) is arranged on the upper surface of the motor box (38), the second sliding groove (44) is located right above the roller (42), the outside of the motor box (38) is communicated with the cavity (39) through the second sliding groove (44), a connecting column (45) is connected in a sliding mode in the second sliding groove (44), one end of the connecting column (45) extends into the first sliding groove (43) and is connected with the first sliding groove (43) in a sliding meshed mode, the other end of the connecting column (45) penetrates through the second sliding groove (44) and extends to the position above the motor box (38) and is provided with a second sliding block (46), and the bottom surface of the second sliding block (46) is connected with the upper surface of the motor box (38) in a sliding mode.
A fifth fixed block (47), the fifth fixed block (47) being provided on the right side of the upper end of the motor case (38);
the support plate (48), the support plate (48) is arranged between the motor case (38) and the experiment box outer box (1), one end of the support plate (48) is hinged with the fifth fixed block (47), the right end of the support plate (48) is provided with a first baffle (49), the front end and the rear end of the support plate (48) are provided with second baffles (50), the first baffles (49) are perpendicular to the second baffles (50), the first baffles (49) and the second baffles (50) are perpendicular to the support plate (48), the two second baffles (50) are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the experiment box outer box (1), a support rod (51) is arranged in the middle of the lower surface of the support plate (48), one end of the support rod (51) is hinged with the lower surface of the support plate (48), and the other end of the support rod (51) is hinged with the upper surface of the second slider (46).
The device comprises a first sleeve (52), two first sleeves (52) are symmetrically arranged on the front side and the rear side of the upper surface of the left end of a supporting plate (48), one end of each first sleeve (52) is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the corresponding supporting plate (48), internal threads are formed in the inner wall of each first sleeve (52), a second screw (53) is arranged in each first sleeve (52), each second screw (53) is in threaded connection with each first sleeve (52), a handle (54) is arranged on the side wall of each second screw (53), a first ball (55) is arranged at one end, far away from each first sleeve (52), of each second screw (53), each first ball (55) is embedded in each second screw (53) and rolls on the upper end of each second screw (53), and the upper surface of each first ball (55) is in contact with the left side bottom of an outer box (1) of an experiment box.
The fixed column (56), two fixed column (56) symmetry sets up the front and back both sides of backup pad (48) right-hand member upper surface, fixed column (56) one end with backup pad (48) upper surface fixed connection, fixed column (56) other end inlays and is equipped with second ball (57), second ball (57) can be in fixed column (56) upper end roll, second ball (57) upper surface with experimental box outer container (1) right side bottom contact.
4. The freeze-thaw cycle test apparatus with consideration of stress and water content coupling according to claim 1, further comprising a cleaning device (58), the cleaning device (58) comprising:
A mixing box (581), wherein the upper end of the mixing box (581) is fixedly connected with a driving motor;
a rotation lever (582) rotatably connected to the inside of the mixing tank (581), wherein rotation blades are provided on the peripheral side of the rotation lever (582);
the cleaning box (583) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the mixing box (581), and the lower end of the rotating rod (582) penetrates through the cleaning box (583);
the first ball body (584) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lower part of the rotating rod (582);
the movable plate (585) is arranged at the lower end of the rotary rod (582), the lower end of the rotary rod (582) penetrates through the movable plate (585), the upper end of the movable plate (585) is positioned at the outer side of the rotary rod (582) and fixedly connected with a fixed plate (586), one side, close to the rotary rod (582), of the fixed plate (586) is fixedly connected with a second sphere (587), the second sphere (587) is positioned above the first sphere (584), and when the rotary rod (582) rotates to drive the first sphere (584) to rotate, the second sphere (587) can be contacted;
the first vertical channels (588) are arranged outside the rotating rod (582), the upper ends of the first vertical channels (588) are communicated with the mixing box (581), and the lower ends of the first vertical channels (588) are communicated with the cleaning box (583);
the plurality of vertical support rods (589) (51) are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first vertical channels (588), the upper parts of the vertical support rods (589) (51) are positioned in the first vertical channels (588), the upper ends of the vertical support rods are fixedly connected with sealing plates (5810) for sealing the first vertical channels (588), and the lower ends of the vertical support rods (589) (51) are fixedly connected with the upper ends of the movable plates (585);
Two guide plates (5811) fixedly connected in the cleaning box (583) and positioned at the left side and the right side of the moving plate (585);
the first sliding blocks (5812) are fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of the movable plate (585), and the first sliding blocks (5812) are slidably connected in corresponding vertical sliding grooves in the guide plates (5811);
a first spring (5813) fixedly connected between the upper end of the first slider (5812) and the upper end of the purge bin (583);
-a plurality of mixing devices (5814) fixedly connected to the upper end of said mixing tank (581), said mixing devices (5814) comprising:
the two first fixing blocks (58141) are arranged at left and right intervals and are fixedly connected to the upper end of the mixing box (581) through a plurality of second springs (58151), and the upper end of each first fixing block (58141) is a first inclined plane;
the two second fixing blocks (58142) are fixedly connected to one sides of the two first fixing blocks (58141) close to each other, the lower ends of the second inclined planes, which are close to each other, of the two second fixing blocks (58142) are in contact and closed with each other, and the upper end of the mixing box (581) is positioned under the second inclined planes and provided with an inlet (58143);
two third fixing blocks (58152), one side of which is fixedly connected with the upper end of the mixing box (581) through a connecting bracket;
The inverted T-shaped rod (58144) is slidably connected in the third fixed block (58152), a fourth fixed block (58146) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the inverted T-shaped rod (58144) through a third spring (58145), the fourth fixed block (58146) is positioned at the lower end of the third fixed block (58152), third inclined planes which are parallel to each other are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the fourth fixed block, the third inclined planes are parallel to the first inclined planes, and the upper end of the inverted T-shaped rod (58144) is fixedly connected with the storage box (58153);
the second vertical channel (58147) is fixedly connected between the two third fixed blocks (58152) through a connecting block;
the sliding plate (58148) is connected in the second vertical channel (58147) in an up-down sliding mode, the sliding plate (58148) is communicated with the storage box (58153) through a first connecting pipe (58149), a second connecting pipe (58150) is fixed at the lower end of the sliding plate (58148), the upper end of the second connecting pipe (58150) is communicated with the lower end of the first connecting pipe, and the lower end of the second connecting pipe (58150) faces the lower end of the second inclined surface.
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