CN112735246A - Method for simulating ice cover growth and growth rate under still water condition - Google Patents
Method for simulating ice cover growth and growth rate under still water condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN112735246A CN112735246A CN202011591144.0A CN202011591144A CN112735246A CN 112735246 A CN112735246 A CN 112735246A CN 202011591144 A CN202011591144 A CN 202011591144A CN 112735246 A CN112735246 A CN 112735246A
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Abstract
A method for simulating growth and growth rate of an ice cover under a still water condition belongs to the technical field of lake and reservoir water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction in cold regions, and particularly relates to a method for simulating growth and growth rate of an ice cover under a still water condition. The method comprises the steps of selecting a water body to be simulated, and obtaining the average daily temperature and humidity of the water body in a certain year, during the period from the day of initial ice to the day of ice cover ablation or continuously for a period of time day by day; and (3) building an environment for simulating the generation of the ice cover of the selected water body, recording the growth process of the ice cover, and calculating the growth rate of the ice cover. The growth thickness change of the ice cover of the water body in the lake and reservoir under different meteorological conditions in the natural environment is judged through the simulation result, and technical support is provided for the safety of activities on ice or engineering design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lake and reservoir water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction in cold regions, and particularly relates to a method for simulating growth of an ice cover and growth rate under a still water condition.
Background
The ice formation of water in cold areas is directly formed by freezing water, including river ice, lake ice and sea ice. The formation of ice by water is closely related to the aspects of ice movement, transportation, water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction and the like.
In winter in cold areas, ice covers are formed on water surfaces of lakes and reservoirs, and for hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, the safety of hydraulic structures and hydraulic steel structures such as dams, water inlets, bank slopes and the like in the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering is influenced by the thickness of the ice covers. For the sport on the ice of rivers and lakes, the thickness of the ice cover directly influences the safety of people moving on the ice in winter. Therefore, the research on the generation rate of the ice covers on the water surfaces of lakes, reservoirs and the like has important significance, and can provide technical support for engineering design and ice movement.
Chinese patent CN2020209510903 discloses a measuring device for the icing thickness of water in a laboratory, which can measure the icing thickness of water in the laboratory efficiently, safely and simply and is suitable for the method of the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for simulating the growth and the growth rate of ice covers under still water conditions, which judges the growth thickness change of the ice covers of lake and reservoir water bodies under different meteorological conditions in natural environment according to the simulation result and provides technical support for the safety of ice activities or engineering design.
A method for simulating the growth of an ice cover and the growth rate under the condition of still water is characterized by comprising the following steps:
The constant temperature and humidity laboratory can simulate constant temperature and humidity and can also simulate daily average temperature and humidity continuously for a period of time.
The heat insulation material of the heat insulation bucket has certain thickness to ensure that the water body in the bucket only loses heat from the surface of the water body and does not lose heat from the periphery or the bottom of the bucket, thereby achieving the effect of simulating the heat loss of the water body of a natural reservoir or a lake.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the existing simulation method for the growth of the ice hanger, the invention adopts the same environmental temperature and humidity control equipment, but the growth environment is different, the ice hanger is easy to appear at the positions of waterfalls, eave, drainage holes and wet joints of bridges and tunnels, and the ice cover mainly forms the ice cover on the water surface of reservoirs and lakes. The simulation device and the measuring device are completely different, the indoor simulation device for the ice hanger mainly comprises a rainfall device, a device for simulating the edge of a natural rock or an eave and the like which is easy to generate the ice hanger, and the ice hanger measurement adopts a set reference camera to take a picture for measurement; the ice cover is a constant temperature laboratory filled with water by a heat insulation device, and the ice cover freezes due to heat loss of water body at low temperature. The problem that the icing hanger and the ice cover simulation need to solve is also different, and the icing hanger mainly solves the following problems: in winter, the phenomena of ice cones and ice hangers frequently occur at drain holes and wet joints of bridges and tunnels, when ice and snow melt due to temperature rise again and a vehicle passes through the bridges or the tunnels, accidents are easily caused by melting and falling of the ice hangers above the bridges or the tunnels, the ice hangers are also easily generated on eaves or high-rise buildings, pedestrians are likely to be stabbed by icized ice columns when passing through the eaves or the high-rise buildings, and technical support is provided for solving the safety problems such as damage to hydraulic buildings such as dams, water inlets and bank slopes and hydraulic steel structures in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering caused by thickness change of ice covers of lakes and reservoirs and providing technical support for river and lake ice sports projects and the like for guaranteeing personnel safety whether the thickness of the ice covers meet requirements or not.
2. By simulating the growth rate of the ice cover under different conditions, the method can provide basic data of the boundary of an external environment for the design of water conservancy and hydropower engineering in alpine regions and provide technical support for the safety of engineering design.
3. The ice cover growth simulation under different conditions and in different places can be realized.
4. The experimental device for realizing the method has the advantages of simple structure, less used instruments and equipment, no special requirements, convenient operation and low cost.
5. The ice cover growth observation device is simple and safe for a user to measure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of ice lid thickness measurements for four experiments.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the experimental three ice thickness growth process.
Fig. 3 is a front sectional view of a cylindrical heat-insulating water bucket.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of the heat-insulating water bucket.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an ice cover thickness measurement mounting arrangement.
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an ice cover thickness measuring device.
The measuring device comprises a resistance wire 1, a battery 2, a switch 3, an electric wire 4, an upper measuring datum point 5, a lower measuring datum point baffle bar 6, a pendant body 7 and a ruler 8.
Detailed Description
Example 1: a method for simulating the growth and the growth rate of an ice cover under a still water condition simulates the growth process of the ice cover by adopting the environmental characteristics of a simulation experiment place of a constant temperature laboratory, and specifically comprises the following steps:
And 2, building an environment for simulating the generation of the ice cover of the reservoir A. Arranging a constant-temperature and constant-humidity laboratory, respectively reducing the humidity of the laboratory to the numerical values shown in the following table 1, then putting a water body into a heat-insulating bucket arranged in the laboratory, and setting the starting point moment of the experiment to be t0(moment of incipient icing) the thickness of the ice cover is h0。
In the invention, the time interval for recording the shape of the ice cover is selected to be 150-250 minutes, (the time can be adjusted according to the actual growth speed of the ice cover in the experimental process), and the proper time interval is favorable for the accuracy of the experiment and avoids the influence on the experimental result caused by the overlong time for personnel to enter the laboratory.
In step 3, the thickness of the ice cover is measured by using the device disclosed in Chinese patent CN2020209510903, and specifically, the device is placed in the heat-insulating water bucket described in step 2, as shown in FIG. 1. The specific measurement steps are as follows:
and S1, selecting an electric wire with a proper length according to the scale of the icing experiment in the laboratory, connecting the resistance wire, the battery and the switch by using the electric wire, and turning on a power switch to check whether the electric wire is electrified or not.
S2, determining the upper and lower reference points of the resistance wire, and measuring the length L of the upper and lower reference points by using a ruler0Fixing the stop bar on the lower measuring reference point; and the pendant body is arranged below the lower measuring datum point stop strip.
And S3, selecting proper electric wires, resistance wires and weight bodies to ensure that the vertical bending between the upper and lower reference points is avoided and the length between the upper and lower reference points is not changed.
S4, the resistance wire is dropped to the pendant body and placed under water, and the upper end of the resistance wire is exposed to the water surface by about 1 cm.
S5, according to the growing thickness of the ice cover, turning on a power switch, heating a resistance wire, immediately turning off the switch when ice bodies around the resistance wire are melted, properly lifting an upper reference point, pressing a lower measurement reference point baffle strip to the lower surface of the ice cover, and measuring the length L between the upper reference point and the upper surface of the ice cover by using a ruleriAnd calculating to obtain the thickness = L of the ice cover0-Li。
In the invention, the main factor influencing the generation of the ice cover is the temperature, and other factors influencing the generation of the ice cover can be found when the research on the generation of the ice cover is further deepened, so that the factors can be increased and measured, and the accurate simulation in a laboratory is prepared for the next step.
Claims (3)
1. A method for simulating the growth of an ice cover and the growth rate under the condition of still water is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting a water body to be simulated, and obtaining the daily average air temperature and humidity of the water body in a certain year, in a period from the first ice day to the ice cover ablation day, or in a continuous period from the first ice day to the ice cover ablation date;
step 2, building an environment for simulating the generation of the ice cover of the selected water body; arranging a constant-temperature and constant-humidity laboratory, respectively reducing the humidity of the laboratory to the values measured in the step 1, then putting a water body into a heat-insulating bucket arranged in the laboratory, and setting the starting point moment of the experiment at the momentIs t0At the moment of incipient ice, the thickness of the ice cover is h0；
Step 3, setting tn-1Time tnThe time interval of the time is 150-250 minutes, and t is respectively measured0、t1 、t2…tn-1、tnThe thickness of the ice cover at the moment; respectively recording the thickness data of the ice cover at n moments, and calculating t0-tnThe rate of change of the thickness of the ice cover at that time.
2. The method of simulating ice cover growth and growth rate in still water conditions of claim 1 wherein the isothermal and humidistat laboratory simulates both constant temperature and humidity and daily average temperature and humidity over a continuous period of time.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the insulating material of the insulated bucket has a thickness that ensures that the water in the bucket loses heat only from the surface of the water and not from the periphery or bottom of the bucket.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113251974A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-13 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for simulating and calculating ice thickness change of reservoir based on thermodynamic principle |
| CN115901841A (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-04-04 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for simulating formation of arch bridge-shaped ice cover of reservoir and measuring overall form evolution |
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| CN103604827A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-26 | 四川大学 | Ice water heat exchange coefficient experimental apparatus and measurement method |
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| CN111060509A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-24 | 四川大学 | Method and device for simulating ice-hang raw and consumed food and measuring raw and consumed food rate |
| CN111783321A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-10-16 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Simulation method for winter ice condition development process of river channel in data-lacking area |
| CN111914496A (en) * | 2020-08-15 | 2020-11-10 | 四川大学 | Frozen reservoir water temperature-ice condition inversion and prediction method based on thermal coupling model |
| CN212109829U (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-12-08 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A measuring device for frozen thickness of water in laboratory |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US3691781A (en) * | 1971-07-30 | 1972-09-19 | Arctec | Method and apparatus for forming model ice sheets |
| CN103604827A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-26 | 四川大学 | Ice water heat exchange coefficient experimental apparatus and measurement method |
| EP3493181A1 (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-06-05 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Simulation unit for simulating a vehicle's movement |
| CN110704793A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-01-17 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for calculating ice cover roughness of canal |
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| CN111783321A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-10-16 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Simulation method for winter ice condition development process of river channel in data-lacking area |
| CN111914496A (en) * | 2020-08-15 | 2020-11-10 | 四川大学 | Frozen reservoir water temperature-ice condition inversion and prediction method based on thermal coupling model |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113251974A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-13 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for simulating and calculating ice thickness change of reservoir based on thermodynamic principle |
| CN113251974B (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2023-03-14 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for simulating and calculating ice thickness change of reservoir based on thermodynamic principle |
| CN115901841A (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-04-04 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for simulating formation of arch bridge-shaped ice cover of reservoir and measuring overall form evolution |
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