CN112733610A - Power transmission line image recognition detection method based on unmanned aerial vehicle - Google Patents
Power transmission line image recognition detection method based on unmanned aerial vehicle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a power transmission line image identification and detection method based on an unmanned aerial vehicle. Firstly, a conductor image of a power transmission line is obtained through an unmanned aerial vehicle image acquisition system, an 3/4 denoising clustering method is provided for image enhancement, and a Canny edge detection method is adopted for extracting a conductor region outline. Then, an image segmentation identification method based on clustering and DS evidence fusion theory is provided, the state of wire breakage is simply and effectively identified, and an identification model base of the power transmission line in different states is established. And finally, the AdaBoost algorithm-based power transmission line image comparison method is used for quickly and accurately identifying the power transmission line image, so that the working efficiency and the detection quality of power transmission line overhauling and operation inspection are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical fields of information, big data, electric power systems, computer science and the like, in particular to a power transmission line image identification and detection method based on an unmanned aerial vehicle.
Background
The reliability, stability and power supply quality of the electric power energy play a crucial role in national economic development. The coverage of the transmission line in China is wide, the landform is complex, and greater challenges are provided for normal operation, detection and maintenance of the transmission line. The traditional manual inspection mode has the advantages of low efficiency, long period, high requirement and low safety, and cannot meet the maintenance requirement of the power transmission line under the current national conditions. And the unmanned aerial vehicle inspection tour mode taking the unmanned aerial vehicle as the core can observe the power transmission line at a short distance through the camera equipment carried at high altitude, and returns images for detection. The method has the advantages of low cost, easy operation, high safety, flexibility and the like, and thus, the method becomes the focus of power transmission line detection research in recent years. It is worth noting that at present, the inspection mode of unmanned aerial vehicle tour is still mostly in the stage of manually checking and shooting videos and images, and the research on computer automatic image recognition is very little.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an unmanned aerial vehicle-based power transmission line image recognition detection method, which is used for checking and judging the running state of a power transmission line, so that the labor intensity of operators can be reduced, and the working efficiency, safety and accuracy of field recognition can be greatly improved.
An unmanned aerial vehicle-based power transmission line image identification detection method comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring a conductor image of a power transmission line through an unmanned aerial vehicle image acquisition system, performing image enhancement processing by adopting an 3/4 denoising clustering method, extracting a conductor region in the image, and extracting a conductor region outline by adopting a Canny edge detection method;
step 2, identifying the broken state of the lead by using an image segmentation identification method based on clustering and DS evidence fusion theory;
step 3, establishing an identification model library of the power transmission line in different states;
and 4, rapidly and accurately identifying the power transmission line by using the power transmission line image comparison method based on the AdaBoost algorithm.
In the step 1, the 3/4 denoising and clustering method comprises the following steps:
setting an original image as an mxn order matrix A:
in the formula: a isijRepresenting a gray value of a pixel of the image;
and (3) transforming the matrix A by 3/4 values to obtain an image matrix H:
order:
f(i,j)=aij+ai+1,j+ai,j+1+ai+1,j+1
wherein d is a filtering threshold value, a sensitive area can be defined on the image, and the area is obtained by adopting a maximum variance threshold value method to calculate.
In the step 1, the Canny edge detection method comprises the following steps:
the Canny algorithm smoothes the image by using a two-dimensional gaussian function, which has the following form:
the corresponding gradient vector is:
two-dimensional gaussian filter functions are generally not directly convolved with an image, but are decomposed into two one-dimensional row and column filters:
wherein:
then, convolution operation is respectively carried out on the images to obtain:
where x is the convolution sign, k is a constant coefficient, and σ is a spatial scale parameter of the gaussian filter function.
In the step 2, the image clustering (K-means) segmentation comprises the following steps:
1) initializing, and determining a cluster number k and a cluster center initial value;
2) calculating Euclidean distance, and calculating each sample Z according to formula (1)iWith each cluster center OjEuclidean distance E ofij,
In the formula: zi,mIs the mth attribute of sample Z; m is a sample dimension, namely the number of attributes;
3) dividing clusters, namely dividing each sample into clusters with the minimum Euclidean distance to the sample;
4) updating the clusters, and calculating the average value of each sample in each cluster to be used as a new cluster center;
5) judging convergence, if the moving distance of the cluster center is smaller than a set value or reaches an iteration number limit value, judging the convergence, and ending clustering; otherwise, returning to the step 2 to continue calculation;
the method comprises the following steps of inputting a sample of the clustering algorithm as a pixel point of a power transmission line, compressing an image into H x w pixels before inputting in order to improve the calculation efficiency, selecting a hue value of an image segmentation target as a cluster center initial value, wherein the hue value H is an attribute of the pixel point, and the calculation method is shown as the following formula:
r, G and B are the values of the red, green and blue color channels, respectively: t ismax=max(R,G,B); Tmin=min(R,G,B)。
In the step 2, the D-S evidence theory is that a finite set of all possible results is called an identification frame, elements in the finite set are mutually exclusive in pairs, and 2 is used in the given identification framenAnd satisfies the following conditions:
m(A1)=1-m(A2)
mi(A1)=1-mi(A2)=Pi
m is 2nBasic probability distribution.
In step 4, the AdaBoost algorithm is as follows: the voting process with the best characteristics is that based on a weighted voting mechanism, the answer to a certain question is judged by a large number of weighted combinations of classification functions, the weight of the classifier with the better effect is increased in each calculation iteration, and the weight of the classifier with the relatively poor effect is gradually reduced.
The invention has the following advantages and effects:
after adopting 3/4 value transformation and iteration processing, the image clustering convergence can obtain good effect in the aspects of noise elimination and edge preservation. By adopting the 3/4 denoising clustering method, not only can noise be effectively removed, but also approximate gray level image points can be clustered.
The image segmentation and identification method based on clustering and DS evidence fusion theory is utilized to simply and effectively identify the state of wire breakage.
The AdaBoost algorithm is high in speed and strong in noise resistance, and the working efficiency and the detection quality of power transmission line maintenance and operation inspection are obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an image clustering (K-means) segmentation algorithm.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart showing the division result checking.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of image comparison based on the AdaBoost algorithm.
Fig. 4 is a general architecture diagram of the unmanned aerial vehicle-based power transmission line image recognition detection method.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a system architecture based on a new energy cloud platform, which is used for solving the problem of new energy consumption and realizing unified scheduling and management of new energy. The problems that the existing platform is single in covering service, too large in analysis result and the like are effectively solved. In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an unmanned aerial vehicle-based power transmission line image recognition and detection method, and research focuses on building an overall algorithm framework of the unmanned aerial vehicle-based power transmission line image recognition and detection method. The system also comprises an image acquisition system and a monitoring center. The image acquisition system consisted of a 10 frame DJIJY-UAV model drone equipped with a digital camera with a resolution of 1200 ten thousand pixels with a shutter speed of 8-1/8000 seconds. The monitoring center consists of a computer, a video server and a database server. The communication signal adopts a 4G network. Please refer to fig. 1 for the flow of the image clustering (K-means) segmentation algorithm. Please refer to fig. 2 for the flow of checking the segmentation result. Please refer to fig. 3 for an image comparison process based on the AdaBoost algorithm.
Referring to fig. 4, for a general architecture of an unmanned aerial vehicle power transmission line image recognition detection method, 3/4 denoising clustering and Canny edge detection methods are provided for denoising images and extracting conductor region features of an unmanned aerial vehicle power transmission line inspection image recognition model. The image segmentation and identification method based on clustering and DS evidence fusion theory is provided, the state of wire breakage is simply and effectively identified, and an identification model base of the power transmission line in different states is established. Aiming at the establishment of an image dynamic rapid comparison identification model based on an identification model library, an AdaBoost algorithm is provided for rapidly and accurately comparing line images, so that the working efficiency and the detection quality of power transmission line inspection are remarkably improved.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring a conductor image of a power transmission line through an unmanned aerial vehicle image acquisition system, performing image enhancement processing by adopting an 3/4 denoising clustering method, extracting a conductor region in the image, and extracting a conductor region outline by adopting a Canny edge detection method;
step 2, identifying the broken state of the lead by using an image segmentation identification method based on clustering and DS evidence fusion theory;
step 3, establishing an identification model library of the power transmission line in different states;
and 4, rapidly and accurately identifying the power transmission line by using the power transmission line image comparison method based on the AdaBoost algorithm.
The acquired initial image is noisy and must be eliminated using a filtering method. Common filtering methods are gaussian filtering, mean filtering, median filtering, minimum mean square error filtering, Gabor filtering, and the like. By adopting the 3/4 denoising clustering method, not only can noise be effectively removed, but also approximate gray level image points can be clustered. The idea is that the points adjacent to the image are gradually and closely related, noise points are uniformly distributed, and 1 distortion point is considered to be the most important point in 4 adjacent points of a certain point, so that the point can be represented by the mean value of other 3 points with higher quality. 3/4 the denoising and clustering method comprises the following steps:
setting an original image as an mxn order matrix A:
in the formula: a isijRepresenting a gray value of a pixel of the image;
and (3) transforming the matrix A by 3/4 values to obtain an image matrix H:
order:
f(i,j)=aij+ai+1,j+ai,j+1+ai+1,j+1
wherein d is a filtering threshold value, a sensitive area can be defined on the image, and the area is obtained by adopting a maximum variance threshold value method to calculate.
In the step 1, the Canny edge detection method comprises the following steps:
the Canny algorithm smoothes the image by using a two-dimensional gaussian function, which has the following form:
the corresponding gradient vector is:
two-dimensional gaussian filter functions are generally not directly convolved with an image, but are decomposed into two one-dimensional row and column filters:
wherein:
then, convolution operation is respectively carried out on the images to obtain:
where x is the convolution sign, k is a constant coefficient, and σ is a spatial scale parameter of the gaussian filter function.
The clustering method can divide input samples into a plurality of clusters, wherein the samples in the same cluster have higher attribute similarity, and the samples in different clusters have larger difference. The similarity is described by the Euclidean distance of the K-means cluster, and the image cluster (K-means) segmentation comprises the following steps:
1) initializing, and determining a cluster number k and a cluster center initial value;
2) calculating Euclidean distance, and calculating each sample Z according to formula (1)iWith each cluster center OjEuclidean distance E ofij,
In the formula: zi,mIs the mth attribute of sample Z; m is a sample dimension, namely the number of attributes;
3) dividing clusters, namely dividing each sample into clusters with the minimum Euclidean distance to the sample;
4) updating the clusters, and calculating the average value of each sample in each cluster to be used as a new cluster center;
5) judging convergence, if the moving distance of the cluster center is smaller than a set value or reaches an iteration number limit value, judging the convergence, and ending clustering; otherwise, returning to the step 2 to continue calculation;
the method comprises the following steps of inputting a sample of the clustering algorithm as a pixel point of a power transmission line, compressing an image into H x w pixels before inputting in order to improve the calculation efficiency, selecting a hue value of an image segmentation target as a cluster center initial value, wherein the hue value H is an attribute of the pixel point, and the calculation method is shown as the following formula:
r, G and B are the values of the red, green and blue color channels, respectively: t ismax=max(R,G,B); Tmin=min(R,G,B)。
In the step 2, the D-S evidence theory is that a finite set of all possible results is called an identification frame, elements in the finite set are mutually exclusive in pairs, and the identification frame is givenIn the shelf 2nAnd satisfies the following conditions:
m(A1)=1-m(A2)
mi(A1)=1-mi(A2)=Pi
m is 2nBasic probability distribution.
In step 4, the AdaBoost algorithm is as follows: the voting process with the best characteristics is that based on a weighted voting mechanism, the answer to a certain question is judged by a large number of weighted combinations of classification functions, the weight of the classifier with the better effect is increased in each calculation iteration, and the weight of the classifier with the relatively poor effect is gradually reduced.
Claims (6)
1. An electric transmission line image identification detection method based on an unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring a conductor image of a power transmission line through an unmanned aerial vehicle image acquisition system, performing image enhancement processing by adopting an 3/4 denoising clustering method, extracting a conductor region in the image, and extracting a conductor region outline by adopting a Canny edge detection method;
step 2, identifying the broken state of the lead by using an image segmentation identification method based on clustering and DS evidence fusion theory;
step 3, establishing an identification model library of the power transmission line in different states;
and 4, rapidly and accurately identifying the power transmission line by using the power transmission line image comparison method based on the AdaBoost algorithm.
2. The unmanned aerial vehicle-based power transmission line image identification and detection method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the 3/4 denoising and clustering method comprises the following steps:
setting an original image as an mxn order matrix A:
in the formula: a isijRepresenting a gray value of a pixel of the image;
and (3) transforming the matrix A by 3/4 values to obtain an image matrix H:
order:
f(i,j)=aij+ai+1,j+ai,j+1+ai+1,j+1
wherein d is a filtering threshold value, a sensitive area can be defined on the image, and the area is obtained by adopting a maximum variance threshold value method to calculate.
3. The unmanned aerial vehicle-based power transmission line image recognition detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the Canny edge detection method comprises the following steps:
the Canny algorithm smoothes the image by using a two-dimensional gaussian function, which has the following form:
the corresponding gradient vector is:
two-dimensional gaussian filter functions are generally not directly convolved with an image, but are decomposed into two one-dimensional row and column filters:
wherein:
then, convolution operation is respectively carried out on the images to obtain:
where x is the convolution sign, k is a constant coefficient, and σ is a spatial scale parameter of the gaussian filter function.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the image clustering (K-means) segmentation comprises the following steps:
1) initializing, and determining a cluster number k and a cluster center initial value;
2) calculating Euclidean distance, and calculating each sample Z according to formula (1)iWith each cluster center OjEuclidean distance E ofij,
In the formula: zi,mIs the mth attribute of sample Z; m is a sample dimension, namely the number of attributes;
3) dividing clusters, namely dividing each sample into clusters with the minimum Euclidean distance to the sample;
4) updating the clusters, and calculating the average value of each sample in each cluster to be used as a new cluster center;
5) judging convergence, if the moving distance of the cluster center is smaller than a set value or reaches an iteration number limit value, judging the convergence, and ending clustering; otherwise, returning to the step 2 to continue calculation;
the method comprises the following steps of inputting a sample of the clustering algorithm as a pixel point of a power transmission line, compressing an image into H x w pixels before inputting in order to improve the calculation efficiency, selecting a hue value of an image segmentation target as a cluster center initial value, wherein the hue value H is an attribute of the pixel point, and the calculation method is shown as the following formula:
r, G and B are the values of the red, green and blue color channels, respectively: t ismax=max(R,G,B);Tmin=min(R,G,B)。
5. The unmanned aerial vehicle-based power transmission line image identification detection method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the D-S evidence theory is that a finite set of all possible results is called an identification frame, wherein two elements are mutually exclusive, and 2 is in a given identification framenAnd satisfies the following conditions:
m(A1)=1-m(A2)
mi(A1)=1-mi(A2)=Pi
m is 2nBasic probability distribution.
6. The unmanned aerial vehicle-based power transmission line image identification and detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the AdaBoost algorithm is as follows: the voting process with the best characteristics is that based on a weighted voting mechanism, the answer to a certain question is judged by a large number of weighted combinations of classification functions, the weight of the classifier with the better effect is increased in each calculation iteration, and the weight of the classifier with the relatively poor effect is gradually reduced.
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CN116823804B (en) * | 2023-07-21 | 2024-02-09 | 北京化工大学 | Knowledge and data combined driving-based power transmission channel safety monitoring method |
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