CN112722157A

CN112722157A - Multifunctional combined buoy on sea

Info

Publication number: CN112722157A
Application number: CN202110144889.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王东瑜; 王东晓; 王永; 冯子旻
Original assignee: Guangzhou Ruihai Ocean Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou Ruihai Ocean Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-02-02
Filing date: 2021-02-02
Publication date: 2021-04-30

Abstract

The multifunctional combined buoy comprises a main instrument cabin positioned in the middle of the buoy, a meteorological observation platform arranged above the main instrument cabin, a buoyancy module and an anchor system; the main instrument cabin comprises a main cabin body, and the outer side of the main instrument cabin is provided with an annular reinforcing rib and an axial reinforcing rib; a plurality of keel components are connected to the axial reinforcing ribs, the middle parts of the keel components are provided with instrument mounting wells which are communicated up and down, and the outward ends of the keel components are provided with mooring bollards; a buoyancy module is arranged between two adjacent keel members, and comprises a floating body and a pair of clamping plates arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the floating body; the upper end of the anchor system is connected to one of the mooring bollards. The design of the main instrument cabin is different from the prior art, and the main instrument cabin comprises the annular reinforcing ribs and the axial reinforcing ribs, so that keel components are added, and the strength of the buoy is improved; the buoy mooring and fastening points are designed on the side surface of the buoy instead of the bottom of the traditional buoy, and meanwhile, the separation mode of the buoy body and the anchoring system is improved; and the design of ADCP instrument cabins and anti-theft watertight cabin doors is improved.

Description

Multifunctional combined buoy on sea

Technical Field

The invention relates to a multifunctional combined buoy on the sea, which can realize the simultaneous observation of the sea surface and a water body at the same station.

Background

At present, the combined buoy has defects in the fixing form of the main cabin structure and the buoyancy material, for example, the joint of the main cabin and the keel is easy to deform and break under the influence of external force, and even the main cabin wall plate is torn, so that the main cabin is watered; the condition that the buoyancy material and the main buoy are disassembled easily occurs under the influence of metal fatigue and seawater corrosion, the towing attitude of the buoy cannot be ensured during towing operation, the layout is unreasonable and the like. The traditional instrument cabin watertight hatch cover adopts a screw fastening or wedge-shaped handle fastening mode to have a plurality of defects, such as large quantity of fastening screws, and difficulty in maintenance and disassembly; the installation mode of the ADCP acoustic Doppler profile ocean current instrument is also insufficient, for example, if the ADCP is directly contacted with seawater, attached organisms are easily bred on the surface of the transducer, the transducer is corroded, and the energy of wave beams is influenced; the device is hard connected with the buoy body, is greatly influenced by the posture of the buoy, is difficult to ensure the ACDP posture and influences the data quality; difficulty in maintenance, etc.; and the buoy body and the mooring are separated in a technical mode that a certain position on the buoy mooring is directly sleeved and is pulled to a working ship for cutting, but the position is uncontrollable, so that the intensity, difficulty, uncertainty and the like of offshore recovery operation are increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a multifunctional combined buoy on the sea, which solves the problems in the prior art.

The multifunctional combined buoy is characterized by comprising a main instrument cabin positioned in the middle of the buoy, a meteorological observation platform arranged above the main instrument cabin, a buoyancy module and an anchor system;

the main instrument cabin comprises a cylindrical main cabin body, wherein the outer side of the main cabin body is provided with a plurality of layers of annular reinforcing ribs and a plurality of axial reinforcing ribs which are mutually and vertically connected with the annular reinforcing ribs;

a plurality of keel members are radially connected to the axial reinforcing ribs on the outer side of the main cabin body through connecting plates and bolts, instrument mounting wells which are vertically communicated are formed in the middle of the keel members, and transverse mooring bollards are arranged at one outward end of the keel members;

a buoyancy module is arranged between every two adjacent keel components and comprises a floating body, and a pair of clamping plates are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the floating body through fixing bolts;

the upper end of the anchoring system is connected to the mooring bollard of one of the keel members.

Because the position of the anchor system is shifted, the ADCP observation device can be installed at the original position of the anchor system, namely the center of the bottom of the buoy body, the bottom of the main cabin body is provided with the vertical flow deflector, and the center of the bottom of the main cabin body is also provided with the ADCP observation device.

A multifunctional combined buoy on the sea has a buoy body-anchor system quick release function and is characterized by comprising a main instrument cabin positioned in the middle of the buoy, a meteorological observation platform arranged above the main instrument cabin, a buoyancy module and a buoy body-anchor system separation system;

the buoy body-anchor system separation system comprises a traction cable, an anchor system, a screw rod of a hand wheel arranged at the top end, a slide block driven up and down by the screw rod, a release block linked with the slide block and a unhooking; the screw rod and the hand wheel at the top end are positioned in one instrument mounting well;

one end of a traction cable is tied on a mooring pile of a keel member of the instrument mounting well, and the other end of the traction cable is connected with the side surface of the anchor system;

the unhooking device is positioned near the underground port for installing the instrument, the flow deflectors and the unhooking device are respectively arranged at two sides of the ADCP observation device, one end of the unhooking device, which is close to the ADCP observation cabin, is connected to the bottom of the buoy through a rotating shaft, and the other end of the unhooking device is a free end; the unhooking is used for hooking the upper end of the anchoring system;

a rotating shaft is arranged on one side, opposite to the unhooking, of the part, close to the downhole port for installing the instrument, and one end of the release block rotates around the rotating shaft;

the hand wheel is rotated to drive the slide block through the screw rod, and under the linkage action of the slide block, when the release block rotates upwards to the horizontal position along with the slide block, the free end of the unhook is upwards supported, so that the unhook is tightly hooked on the upper end of the anchor system, and when the release block rotates downwards along with the slide block, the unhook swings downwards due to the fact that the free end loses support, and the upper end of the anchor system slides out of the unhook.

The same as the former multifunctional combined buoy, the buoy can also install the ADCP observation device at the original anchoring position, namely the center of the bottom of the buoy body, the bottom of the main cabin body is provided with a vertical flow deflector, and the center of the bottom of the main cabin body is also provided with the ADCP observation device.

The ADCP observation cabin comprises an ADCP instrument cabin which is communicated with the main instrument cabin from the bottom, a sealed cabin cover is arranged at the top of the ADCP instrument cabin, and a sound transmission plate is arranged at the bottom of the ADCP instrument cabin;

the ADCP is firstly installed on the self-balancing device, bearing bases on two sides of the self-balancing device are fixed on an ADCP installation frame through bolts, the ADCP installation frame is fixed in an ADCP instrument chamber through clamping grooves formed in the inner wall of the ADCP instrument chamber, and the ADCP keeps the posture through the bearing bases; the communication cable of the ADCP passes through the watertight cable hole on the sealing cabin cover to be connected with the data acquisition equipment in the main instrument cabin.

A pressure balance water tank filled with purified water in advance is arranged in the main instrument cabin at a position higher than the waterline; the ADCP instrument cabin is provided with a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a water inlet valve and a water outlet valve, and water is fed into and discharged from the ADCP instrument cabin to keep the internal pressure and the external pressure balanced.

When the water filling device is used, the water inlet valve and the water outlet valve are opened simultaneously before purified water is injected, water is injected until water flows out of the water outlet pipe, the water outlet valve in the water inlet valve and the water outlet valve is closed, and pressure maintaining is completed; the ADCP is completely isolated from the seawater, so that the normal work is not influenced, no attached organisms grow, the surface of the transducer is not corroded by the attached organisms, and the quality of observation data is prevented from being influenced; because of the self-balancing device, the original vertical direction of the ADCP34 is expanded to 30 degrees beyond the allowable inclination angle of the ADCP, such as 15 degrees, that is, the ADCP can keep a stable state under the condition that the buoy swings within 30 degrees; meanwhile, the ADCP is positioned in the main instrument cabin, all maintenance work is carried out in the buoy instrument cabin, the influence of natural conditions such as sea waves, salt fog and weather is avoided, the ADCP is well protected, and the service life is prolonged.

The top of the main instrument cabin is also provided with an anti-theft watertight cabin door; the control box is connected with the driving module and the two limit switches through a control cable; one limit switch is connected with a slide block on the driving screw rod, and the slide block is connected with the linkage lock tongue through the linkage structure and the positioning pins around the anti-theft watertight cabin door.

When the cabin door locking mechanism is opened, after the control box receives an opening or closing instruction, the driving module rotates to drive the screw rod to drive the sliding block to slide, and the sliding block drives the linkage lock tongue and the linkage structure to perform cabin door locking action. When the cabin door is locked, the driving module touches the limit switch to enable the driving module, the driving screw rod and the sliding block to stop working, and the cabin door locking work is finished.

The keel member comprises two inverted right-angle trapezoidal steel plates which are parallel to each other, and the instrument installation well and the mooring bollards are located between the two steel plates.

Two mooring bollards are arranged in the keel member, are arranged in the keel member and adopt a reinforced hidden design, and have the functions of underwater anchor system recovery, buoy towing and hoisting.

The method for mooring the multifunctional offshore combined buoy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

connecting the lower end of a traction cable to the side surface of the anchor system, and tying the upper end of the traction cable to the mooring bollard;

the upper end of the anchor system is hooked by the unhooking device, and the hand wheel is rotated to enable the release block to rotate upwards until the release block is lifted and presses the free end of the unhooking device.

The method for separating the buoy body from the anchor system of the multifunctional combined buoy on the sea is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

towing a towing cable on the operating ship to a buoy to be connected with the middle section of the towing cable, and then untying the upper end of the towing cable from a mooring cable pile;

then, a release hand wheel installed in an instrument installation well is rotated to drive a release screw rod driving slide block, so that a release block rotates downwards by taking a rotating shaft as a center, when the release block moves to be separated from a unhooking position, an anchor system slides downwards by means of self gravity, the anchor system is quickly separated from a buoy, the separation reliability and safety are improved, the risks of operating personnel and equipment are reduced, the operating efficiency is improved, and the operating time is saved.

Advantages of the invention

The design of the main instrument cabin is different from the prior art, the main instrument cabin comprises the annular reinforcing ribs and the axial reinforcing ribs, and the keel members are added, so that the strength of the buoy is improved; the buoy mooring and fastening points are designed on the side surface of the buoy instead of the bottom of the traditional buoy, and meanwhile, the separation mode of the buoy body and the anchoring system is improved; and the design of ADCP instrument cabins and anti-theft watertight cabin doors is improved.

The design of the invention breaks through the design that the traditional buoy mooring fastening point is arranged at the bottom of the center of the buoy, adopts the design of an offset mooring fastening point, is arranged at the bottom of an instrument installation well in 1 keel member at about 1/2 positions away from the center line of the buoy, and is positioned on the same vertical plane passing through the center of the buoy with the ADCP and the flow deflector; the anchor system keeps a certain distance from the ADCP and forms an included angle with the ADCP; meanwhile, the buoy keeps a stable direction under the combined action of wind, waves and currents under the flow guiding and balancing action of the flow guide sheet arranged in the opposite direction of the buoy; meanwhile, the bottom area of the buoy in the seawater is increased by the flow deflectors, so that the swing amplitude of the buoy is reduced; the anchor system and the ADCP are always kept at the maximum distance due to the stable buoy attitude, and meanwhile, the ADCP can be ensured not to be transmitted to a mooring by any wave beam due to the cooperation of a self-balancing device, so that the conditions of ADCP data loss and bad data are caused.

The invention solves the problems that the cabin of the existing widely used dish buoy is easy to be damaged and stolen, the buoy body is difficult to separate from the mooring and connect, the ADCP is easy to be influenced by the attachment of marine organisms and the beam angle, the buoy has single function and low economic and social benefits, improves the offshore operation efficiency, reduces the risk of personnel on-sea buoy operation, improves the safety of the on-sea buoy and reduces the offshore recovery difficulty of the buoy body and the mooring or underwater submerged buoy.

The invention can be used for various water bodies such as sea surface and the like, and can be matched with various submerged buoy to form a comprehensive three-dimensional observation system; the system can be used as a monitoring platform of various offshore pastures to monitor the state of the offshore pastures and the hydrological meteorological elements in real time; necessary lifesaving equipment is equipped, and the device can be used as a temporary rescue point on the sea.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the main instrument pod configuration of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the keel member of the invention (taking four sets of keel members at 90 ° to each other as an example).

FIG. 5 is one of the schematic structural views of the buoy-anchor separation system of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a second schematic diagram of the buoy-anchor separation system of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the buoy-anchor separation system of the present invention as it begins to release the unhook.

FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of the buoy-anchor separation system of the present invention fully unhooked.

Figure 9 shows the structure of the ADCP instrument pod of the present invention.

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the part of the ADCP instrument pod of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a diagram of an ADCP installation process of the present invention, wherein fig. 11A: ADCP monomer, fig. 11B: ADCP is installed in the self-balancing device, fig. 11C: the bearing base of the self-balancing device is fixed on the ADCP mounting frame through bolts, fig. 11D: ADCP and self-balancing device complete the installation to the ADCP mounting frame, fig. 11E: ADCP mounting frame is mounted through card slot, fig. 11F: and the ADCP mounting frame and the ADCP and self-balancing device on the ADCP mounting frame are finally fixed in the ADCP instrument cabin.

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the buoyancy module structure of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the construction of the anti-theft watertight door of the present invention.

The system comprises a meteorological observation platform 1, a main instrument cabin 2, a keel member 3, a buoyancy module 4, a buoy body-anchor system separation system 5, an ADCP observation device 6 and an anti-theft watertight cabin door 7, wherein the main instrument cabin is a hollow structure;

8. 9, a steel plate, 9, a mooring bollard, 10, an instrument installation well, 11, a connecting plate, 12 and a cover plate;

13. a floating body 14, a fixing bolt 15, an upper fixing splint and a lower fixing splint;

16. the device comprises a release hand wheel, 17, a traction cable, 18, a rotating shaft, 19, a sliding block, 20, a release block, 21, a screw rod, 22, a unhooking device, 23 and an anchor system;

24. pressure balance water tank, 25, water inlet pipe, 26, water outlet pipe, 27, sealing cabin cover, 28, water inlet and outlet valves, 29, watertight cable hole, 30, ADCP instrument cabin, 31, ADCP fixing device, 32, bearing base, 33, self-balancing device, 34, ADCP, 35 and sound-transmitting plate;

36. the control device comprises a control box 37, a control cable 38, a driving module 39, a limit switch 40, a driving slider 41, a driving screw rod 42, a linkage mechanism 43, a positioning pin 44 and a linkage bolt.

45. The main cabin body 46, the guide vanes 47, the annular reinforcing ribs 48 and the axial reinforcing ribs.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1-13, an offshore multifunctional combined buoy comprises a main instrument cabin 2 located in the middle of the buoy, a meteorological observation platform 1 arranged above the main instrument cabin 2, a buoyancy module 4 and a buoy body-anchor separation system 5;

the main instrument cabin 2 comprises a cylindrical main cabin body 45, wherein the outer side of the main cabin body 45 is provided with a plurality of layers of annular reinforcing ribs 47 and a plurality of axial reinforcing ribs 48 which are mutually and vertically connected with the annular reinforcing ribs 47;

a plurality of keel members 3 are radially connected to axial reinforcing ribs 48 on the outer side of the main cabin body 45 through connecting plates 11 and bolts, instrument mounting wells 10 which are vertically communicated are formed in the middle of the keel members 3, and transverse mooring bollards 9 are arranged at one outward end of the keel members;

the bottom of the main cabin body 45 is provided with a vertical flow deflector 46, and the center of the bottom of the main cabin body 45 is also provided with an ADCP observation device 6;

a buoyancy module 4 is arranged between every two adjacent keel members 3, the buoyancy module 4 comprises a floating body (13), and a pair of clamping plates 15 are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the floating body 13 through fixing bolts 14;

the buoy body-anchor system separation system 5 comprises a traction cable 17, an anchor system 23, a screw rod 21 of a hand wheel 16 arranged at the top end, a slide block 19 driven by the screw rod 21 up and down, a release block 20 linked with the slide block 19 and a unhooking 22; the screw rod 21 and the hand wheel 16 at the top end are positioned in one instrument installation well 10;

one end of a traction cable 17 is tied on the mooring bollard 9 of the keel member 3 of the instrument installation well 10, and the other end is connected with the side surface of the anchor system 23;

the unhooking 22 is positioned near the lower port of the instrument installation well 10, the flow deflectors 46 and the unhooking 22 are respectively arranged at two sides of the ADCP observation device 6, one end of the unhooking 22, which is close to the ADCP observation cabin 6, is connected to the bottom of the buoy through a rotating shaft, and the other end is a free end; the unhooking device 22 is used for hooking the upper end of the anchoring system 23;

a rotating shaft 18 is provided near the lower end opening of the instrument installation well 10 on the side opposite to the unhooking 22, and one end of a release block 20 rotates around the rotating shaft 18;

the hand wheel 16 is rotated to drive the slide block 19 through the screw rod, under the linkage action of the slide block 20, when the release block 20 rotates upwards along with the slide block (20) to be horizontal, the free end of the unhook 22 is lifted upwards, so that the unhook 22 is tightly hooked on the upper end of the anchor system 23, and when the release block 20 rotates downwards along with the slide block 20, the unhook 22 swings downwards due to the fact that the free end loses support, so that the upper end of the anchor system 23 slides out of the unhook 22.

The invention will be further described with reference to the prior art and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Design of primary cabin

At present, a reinforced structure adopted by a combined buoy main cabin body is arranged in the interior, and the exterior is smooth and smooth, so that the defect that the external wall plate has weak supporting capacity on a keel is caused, the joint of the main cabin body and the keel is easy to deform and break under the influence of external force, and even the condition of tearing the wall plate of the main cabin body occurs, so that the main cabin body is watered; the reinforcing structure occupies a large amount of internal space inside, so that the limited internal space cannot be effectively utilized, and the reasonable arrangement of instruments and equipment is restricted.

The main cabin 45 of the invention adopts the external design of a reinforced structure and has the function of providing main buoyancy. All the reinforcing structures are externally arranged outside the cabin wall, and the keel module 3 is directly connected with the reinforcing structure of the main cabin body 45 through the connecting plate 11 and the bolts, so that the overall structural strength and the shock resistance of the buoy are enhanced, and the probability of cabin breaking is effectively reduced. Meanwhile, the effective use space in the cabin is increased, so that the space in the cabin is more concise, and the arrangement and installation of various instruments are facilitated. See figure 3. Fig. 12.

Second, keel structure module design

At present, the combined buoy adopts a mode that a buoyancy material is fixed on a main buoy body or on a single thin keel, and is easily disintegrated by the buoyancy material and the main buoy body under the influence of metal fatigue and seawater corrosion. And instrument installation wells can not be arranged to install underwater instrument equipment, and the instrument installation wells can only be arranged in the main instrument cabin, so that the space of the main instrument cabin is occupied. In addition, the buoyancy material can not be provided with the mooring bollards and the buoy lifting points, so the buoyancy material can only be arranged on the main buoy body, and the towing attitude of the buoy can not be ensured during towing operation of the buoy. When the buoy lifts by crane the operation, the lifting point is close to buoy central point, lifts by crane the tool to lock and causes destruction to weather platform and instrument easily.

A plurality of keel components 3 can be arranged, a unique design form is adopted, and the reinforcement, integration and optimization are carried out, so that the impact resistance is enhanced. While integrating the functions of the bollards 9 and the instrument mounting wells 10, at least 1 set of bollards 9 and at least 1 instrument mounting well 10 can be provided per keel structure 3. The mooring bollards 9 adopt a reinforced hidden design, and the keel members 3 shown in the attached figures 4 and 5 adopt a structure with 2 mooring bollards 9 arranged inside, so that the underwater mooring bollards, the buoy towing and the hoisting function are achieved. The design that the position of the mooring bollard 9 is lower can well ensure the buoy posture of the buoy in the towing operation process, improve the towing safety of the buoy, simultaneously ensure that the recovery of the anchoring system is safer and more reliable, save the offshore operation time and improve the working efficiency. In the example shown in fig. 1 and 2, 4 keel members 3 are taken as an example.

A buoyancy module 4 is arranged between every two adjacent keel members 3, the buoyancy module 4 comprises a floating body 13, and a pair of clamping plates 15 are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the floating body 13 through fixing bolts 14; as shown in fig. 12.

Thirdly, design of buoy body and mooring separating device

At present, the existing technical mode for realizing the separation of the buoy body from the mooring is to directly sleeve a certain position on the buoy mooring and pull the buoy to an operation ship for cutting off, but the position is not controllable, and the offshore work experience of operators is completely relied on. Whether the position is suitable or not directly influences the buoy body, the mooring strength, the operation safety coefficient and the workload in the recovery process, and the strength, the difficulty and the uncertainty of the offshore recovery operation are increased.

The buoy body-anchor separation system 5 design of the present invention solves the above problems well. The system is located at the bottom of the instrumentation well 10 in 1 of the plurality of keel structures 3 at about the buoy radius 1/2. The locking (fastening the anchor chain) and releasing (releasing the anchor chain) of the anchor system 23 can be carried out in a remote control (under the condition of adding a driving motor) or manual control mode, and the device is safe and reliable to use and convenient to operate. During operation, a towing cable on a ship is only required to be towed to a buoy to be connected with a towing cable 17, then a release hand wheel 16 installed in an instrument installation well 10 is rotated to drive a release screw rod 21 to enable a release slider 19 to slide downwards and drive a release block 20 to move downwards in a curve mode by taking a rotating shaft 18 as a circular point, when the release block 20 moves to be separated from a unhooking 22, an anchor system 23 slides downwards by means of self gravity, and the anchor system 23 is separated from the buoy quickly, so that the separation reliability and safety are improved, the risks of operating personnel and equipment are reduced, the operation efficiency is improved, and the operation time is saved. The specific structure and the working principle are shown in the attached figures 5, 6, 7 and 8.

Four, ADCP observation module design

At present, the ADCP acoustic doppler profile ocean current instrument is widely used on a buoy to acquire profile ocean current data of a site. The ADCP acoustic Doppler profile ocean current instrument is mounted on the buoy in a mode that the ADCP acoustic Doppler profile ocean current instrument is directly mounted at the bottom of the buoy for ocean current observation. This mounting has the following disadvantages: ADCP directly contacts with seawater, so that the surface of the transducer is easy to breed and attach organisms, corrode the transducer and influence the energy of wave beams; the ADCP is in hard connection with the buoy body, the influence of the buoy attitude is large, the ACDP attitude is difficult to guarantee, and particularly under severe sea conditions, once the ADCP vertical direction exceeds the allowed inclination angle (such as 15 degrees), the observed data is invalid data; 3. due to the influence of the position of the anchor chain at the bottom end of the buoy, the ACDP acoustic wave beam is easily transmitted to the anchor chain at the bottom end, so that data loss is caused, and the data quality is influenced; the ADCP is fixed by putting the instrument on the bottom of the instrument well on the surface of the buoy, is completely in an open state and is very easy to be damaged manually; and 5, the ADCP is directly contacted with the seawater, and the apparatus and a fixing mechanism thereof are corroded and rusted by the seawater, so that the equipment cannot be taken out.

The ADCP observing apparatus 6 according to the present invention preferably solves the above-mentioned disadvantages. The observation device is positioned in the center of the bottom of the main instrument cabin 2 and protrudes out of the bottom and is vertical to the horizontal plane. The ADCP34 is mounted on the self-balancing device 33, the attitude of the ADCP34 is maintained by the bearing base 32, and the bearing base 32 is fixed on the ADCP fixing device 31 by bolts. The ADCP fixing device 31 is fixed on the ADCP instrument cabin 30 through a clamping groove, and the communication cable is connected with the ADCP34 and the data acquisition equipment through a watertight cable hole 29 on the sealing cabin cover 27, so that the watertight performance in the instrument cabin is ensured. The bottom of the instrument chamber is provided with a sound-transmitting plate 35 to ensure the isolation inside and outside; meanwhile, the instrument chamber is provided with a water inlet pipe 25 and a water outlet pipe 26, and the internal and external pressure balance is kept by purified water which is injected in advance into a pressure balance water tank 24 which is arranged in the main instrument chamber 2 and is higher than the waterline position. Before the purified water is injected, the water inlet valve 28 and the water outlet valve 28 are opened simultaneously, water is injected until the water flows out of the water outlet pipe, and the water inlet valve 28 and the water outlet valve 28 are closed to complete pressure maintaining. The ADCP34 is completely isolated from the seawater, so that the normal work is not influenced, no attached organisms grow, the surface of the transducer cannot be corroded by the attached organisms, and the quality of observation data is prevented from being influenced. Due to the use of the self-balancing device 33, the original vertical orientation of the ADCP34 is expanded to 30 ° beyond its allowable inclination angle of 15 °, i.e. the ADCP34 can be kept stable in the case of buoy swing within 30 °. Meanwhile, the ADCP34 is positioned in the main instrument cabin 2, all maintenance work is carried out in the buoy instrument cabin, the influence of natural conditions such as sea waves, salt fog and weather is avoided, the ADCP34 is well protected, and the service life is prolonged. The specific structure and assembly principle are shown in fig. 9, 10 and 11.

Fifth, design of mooring and fastening points of buoy

The traditional buoy mooring fastening point is arranged at the bottom of the center of the buoy. Due to the influence of natural conditions such as wind, waves, flow and the like and the absence of the flow deflectors, the buoy always moves around a fastening point and is fastened in an irregular free manner, the stable direction and state cannot be kept, and great influence is caused on underwater investigation equipment, particularly ADCP. The conventional ADCP is installed in an instrument well in the center of the buoy, and 4 beams affected by the ADCP are often transmitted to the mooring, so that data loss and bad data are caused.

The design of the invention breaks through the design that the traditional buoy mooring fastening point is arranged at the bottom of the center of the buoy, adopts the design of an offset mooring fastening point, is arranged at the bottom of the instrument installation well 10 in 1 keel structural member 3 which is about 1/2 away from the center line of the buoy, and is positioned on the center horizontal line of the buoy together with the ADCP34 and the flow deflector 46. The anchor system 23 is spaced from the ADCP34 at a 45 degree horizontal angle to the transducer of the ADCP 34. Meanwhile, the buoy keeps a stable direction under the combined action of wind, waves and currents under the flow guiding and balancing action of the flow guide sheet 46 arranged in the opposite direction of the buoy; meanwhile, the bottom area of the buoy in the seawater is increased by the flow deflector 46, and the swing amplitude of the buoy is reduced. The stable buoy attitude keeps the anchor system 23 and the ADCP34 at the maximum distance all the time, and meanwhile, the self-balancing device 33 is matched to ensure that the ADCP34 cannot generate any wave beam to be transmitted to the mooring, so that the situations of data loss and bad data of the ADCP34 occur. As shown in figures 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

Sixth, design of anti-theft water-tight cabin door module

The traditional instrument cabin watertight hatch cover on the buoy adopts a screw fastening mode or a wedge-shaped handle fastening mode, and the two modes have a plurality of defects. The fastening mode of screws usually needs tens of screws to fix the watertight hatch cover, and all the screws need to be taken down when the watertight hatch cover is opened. The working environment and conditions on the buoy are quite severe, physical strength of operators on the buoy is consumed very quickly, a large amount of working time and physical strength are wasted when all screws are tightened or loosened, and in addition, due to corrosion influences of seawater, salt mist and the like, the screws are easy to rust and rot, due effects are lost, and the exposed parts of the screws are also easy to be damaged manually; although the wedge-shaped handle fastening mode can solve the defects of the screw fastening mode, in order to prevent artificial damage, the opening point exposed on the hatch cover needs to be plugged by a stuffing box after the cover plate is closed, and a large amount of operation time and the physical strength of personnel still need to be wasted to knock the stuffing box to open the hatch cover when the cover plate is opened next time.

The anti-theft watertight hatch 7 according to the invention advantageously solves the above mentioned drawbacks. The anti-theft watertight hatch 7 module comprises: the control device comprises a control box 36, a control cable 37, a driving module 38, a limit switch 39, a driving slide block 40, a driving screw rod 41, a linkage mechanism 42, a positioning pin 43 and a linkage bolt 44. The exterior of the anti-theft watertight cabin door is not provided with any fixing screw and opening equipment for closing or opening the cabin door, and an electronic key is used for closing or opening the cabin door. When the control box 36 receives an opening or closing instruction, the driving module 38 rotates the driving screw 41 to drive the driving slider 40 to slide, and the sliding of the driving slider 40 drives the linkage latch 44 and the linkage mechanism 42 to perform a cabin door locking action. When the cabin door is locked, the driving module 38 touches the limit switch 39 to drive the driving module 38, the driving screw rod 41 and the driving slide block 40 to stop working, so that the cabin door locking work is finished. The hatch opening is reversed. If the electronic key fails, the hatch cover can be opened and closed through the emergency device. The emergency device is placed in a hidden position and is provided with a safety mechanism, and even if the emergency device is found, the emergency device cannot be opened without understanding the construction principle and special tools.

The invention breaks through the inherent design that the traditional buoy mooring fastening point is arranged at the bottom of the center of the buoy, so that the mooring point has a more stable effect, and the problem that the buoy does irregular motion along with wave flow-by-flow is avoided. In order to realize the transfer of the anchoring and mooring positions of the buoy, the structure and the strength of the buoy body need to be improved, so that the keel module is introduced into the buoy body, and in order to combine the keel module 3, the main cabin body 2 with higher strength is redefined, so that the effect is realized through a series of improvements matched with each other. Because of the transfer of the anchoring system, the bottom of the buoy body leaves valuable space, so that the ADCP is installed in the center of the bottom of the buoy body, and occupies the position of the conventional anchoring system, and the position is more suitable for playing the maximum function of the ADCP. Meanwhile, due to the transfer of the anchor system, the flow deflector can be arranged on the side surface of the ACDP cabin relative to the anchor system, and a more stable effect is achieved. And the anchor system is transferred to the keel member 3 on the side surface of the mark body, so that the simple and quick release is more favorably realized. Therefore, the mooring point of the transfer anchor system of the invention has a series of good effects and plays a great role in promoting the development of the buoy industry.

Claims

1. The multifunctional combined buoy is characterized by comprising a main instrument cabin (2) positioned in the middle of the buoy, a meteorological observation platform (1) arranged above the main instrument cabin (2), a buoyancy module (4) and an anchor system (23);

the main instrument cabin (2) comprises a cylindrical main cabin body (45), wherein a plurality of layers of annular reinforcing ribs (47) and a plurality of axial reinforcing ribs (48) which are mutually and vertically connected with the annular reinforcing ribs (47) are arranged on the outer side of the main cabin body (45);

a plurality of keel members (3) are radially connected to axial reinforcing ribs (48) on the outer side of the main cabin body (45) through connecting plates (11) and bolts, instrument mounting wells (10) which are vertically communicated are formed in the middle of the keel members (3), and transverse mooring bollards (9) are arranged at one outward end of the keel members;

a buoyancy module (4) is arranged between every two adjacent keel members (3), the buoyancy module (4) comprises a floating body (13), and a pair of clamping plates (15) are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the floating body (13) through fixing bolts (14);

the upper end of the anchor system (23) is connected to the mooring bollard (9) of one of the keel members (3).

2.A multifunctional combined buoy on the sea is characterized by comprising a main instrument cabin (2) positioned in the middle of the buoy, a meteorological observation platform (1) arranged above the main instrument cabin (2), a buoyancy module (4) and a buoy body-anchor system separation system (5);

the buoy body-anchor system separation system (5) comprises a traction cable (17), an anchor system (23), a screw rod (21) of a hand wheel (16) arranged at the top end, a slide block (19) driven by the screw rod (21) up and down, a release block (20) linked with the slide block (19) and a unhooking block (22); the screw rod (21) and the hand wheel (16) at the top end are positioned in one instrument mounting well (10);

one end of a traction cable (17) is tied on a mooring bollard (9) of a keel member (3) belonging to the instrument installation well (10), and the other end is connected with the side surface of an anchor system (23);

the unhooking device is characterized in that the unhooking device (22) is located near the lower port of the instrument installation well (10), the flow deflectors (46) and the unhooking device (22) are respectively arranged on two sides of the ADCP observation device (6), one end, close to the ADCP observation cabin (6), of the unhooking device (22) is connected to the bottom of the buoy through a rotating shaft, and the other end of the unhooking device is a free end; the unhooking device (22) is used for hooking the upper end of the anchoring system (23);

a rotating shaft (18) is arranged at one side, opposite to the unhooking part (22), near the lower port of the instrument mounting well (10), and one end of the release block (20) rotates around the rotating shaft (18);

the hand wheel (16) is rotated to drive the sliding block (19) through the screw rod, under the linkage action of the sliding block (20), when the release block (20) rotates upwards to the horizontal direction along with the sliding block (20), the free end of the unhooking (22) is upwards supported, the unhooking (22) is tightly hooked on the upper end of the anchor system (23), when the release block (20) rotates downwards along with the sliding block (20), the unhooking (22) swings downwards due to the fact that the free end loses support, and the upper end of the anchor system (23) slides out of the unhooking (22).

3. An offshore multifunctional combined buoy according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bottom of the main hull (45) is provided with vertical flow deflectors (46), and the center of the bottom of the main hull (45) is further provided with an ADCP observation device (6).

4.A multifunctional combined buoy according to claim 3, characterized in that said ADCP observation pod (6) comprises an ADCP instrumentation pod (30) leading from the bottom to the main instrumentation pod (2), the ADCP instrumentation pod (30) having a sealed pod cover (27) on the top and a sound-transparent plate (35) on the bottom;

the ADCP (34) is firstly installed on a self-balancing device (33), bearing bases (32) on two sides of the self-balancing device (33) are fixed on an ADCP installation frame (31) through bolts, the ADCP installation frame (31) is fixed in an ADCP instrument chamber (30) through clamping grooves arranged on the inner wall of the ADCP instrument chamber (30), and the ADCP (34) keeps the posture through the bearing bases (32); the communication cable of the ADCP (34) passes through a watertight cable hole (29) on the sealed cabin cover (27) and is connected with data acquisition equipment positioned in the main instrument cabin (2).

5.A multifunctional combined buoy at sea as claimed in claim 4 wherein said main instrument pod (2) has a pressure equalizing tank (24) inside it above the water line, pre-filled with pure water; the ADCP instrument chamber (30) is provided with a water inlet pipe (25), a water outlet pipe (26) and a water inlet and outlet valve (28), and water is fed and discharged to the ADCP instrument chamber (30) to keep the internal and external pressure balance.

6. An offshore multifunctional combined buoy as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the top of the main instrument chamber (2) is further provided with a watertight door (7); the device comprises a control box (36), wherein the control box (36) is connected with a driving module (38) and two limit switches (39) through a control cable (37); one limit switch (39) is connected with a slide block (40) on a driving screw rod (41), and the slide block (40) is connected with a linkage bolt (44) through a linkage mechanism (42) and positioning pins (43) on the periphery of the anti-theft watertight cabin door (6).

7. An offshore multifunctional modular buoy according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said keel member (3) comprises two parallel inverted right trapezoid steel plates (8), said instrument well (10) and bollard (9) being located between said two steel plates (8).

8. A multifunctional combined buoy at sea according to claim 7 characterized in that two bollards (9) are provided in said keel member (3), both bollards (9) being built in the keel member, the bollards (9) being of a reinforced concealed design with underwater mooring, buoy towing and lifting recovery.

9. Method for mooring an offshore multifunctional modular buoy according to claim 2, characterized by the steps of:

the lower end of a traction cable (17) is connected to the side surface of an anchor system (23), and the upper end of the traction cable is tied to a mooring bollard (9);

the upper end of the anchor system is hooked by a unhooking hook (22), and simultaneously, a hand wheel (16) is rotated to enable a release block (20) to rotate upwards until the release block (20) is lifted and presses the free end of the unhooking hook (22).

10. A method for buoy body-anchor separation of an offshore multifunctional combined buoy according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the steps of:

towing a towing cable on the operating ship to a buoy to be connected with the middle section of a towing cable (17), and then untying the upper end of the towing cable (17) from a mooring cable pile (9);

then, a release hand wheel (16) arranged in the instrument installation well (10) is rotated to drive a release screw rod (21) to drive a sliding block (19), so that a release block (20) rotates downwards by taking a rotating shaft (18) as a center, when the release block (20) moves to be separated from a unhooking part (22), an anchor system (23) slides downwards by means of the gravity of the anchor system, and therefore the anchor system (23) is quickly separated from a buoy, the separation reliability and safety are improved, risks of operating personnel and equipment are reduced, the operation efficiency is improved, and the operation time is saved.