CN112721569B - Braking energy catcher for improving heating of hydrogen fuel cell automobile and heating method thereof - Google Patents
Braking energy catcher for improving heating of hydrogen fuel cell automobile and heating method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112721569B CN112721569B CN202110063377.1A CN202110063377A CN112721569B CN 112721569 B CN112721569 B CN 112721569B CN 202110063377 A CN202110063377 A CN 202110063377A CN 112721569 B CN112721569 B CN 112721569B
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00421—Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning
- B60H1/00428—Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning electric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/88—Optimized components or subsystems, e.g. lighting, actively controlled glasses
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a brake energy catcher for improving heating of a hydrogen fuel cell automobile and a heating method thereof, wherein the brake energy catcher comprises an energy catching controller, a heating driver and a heating chamber, and the heating chamber, a circulating water pump, a defroster, a driver foot heater and a passenger cabin heater are connected in series on a warm air heating pipeline to form a defrosting and heating system of the whole automobile; the energy capture controller is connected with the control units of all the systems of the whole vehicle through a CAN bus or other communication buses; the heating driver is connected to the high-voltage direct-current bus of the whole vehicle through the high-voltage direct-current bus, and the electric energy on the high-voltage direct-current bus is utilized to heat the circulating water in the warm air heating pipeline; under the control of the energy capturing controller, during the whole vehicle braking process, the energy capturing controller selects the machine to utilize the surplus braking feedback electric energy on the high-voltage direct-current bus and heat circulating water in the warm air heating pipeline through the heating chamber to provide a heat source for the temperature control of each part of the whole vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heating and ventilation of hydrogen fuel cell automobile air conditioners, and particularly relates to a braking energy catcher for improving heating of a hydrogen fuel cell automobile and a heating method thereof.
Background
The hydrogen fuel cell automobile is considered to be one of the indispensable development directions of the new energy automobile power sources except the lithium ion power battery because of the advantages of zero emission, high energy conversion efficiency, wide energy source, high hydrogenation speed, good low-temperature adaptation and the like, and is increasingly paid attention to at home and abroad in recent years, and the development of the hydrogen fuel cell automobile is taken as an important field of demonstration application and popularization of the new energy automobile in China. Particularly in winter in northern alpine regions, the hydrogen fuel cell automobile has better environmental adaptability than a pure electric automobile with a lithium ion power battery, and hundreds of hydrogen fuel cell buses and commercial vehicles are put into large-scale commercial demonstration operation in the Jing Ji region since 2018, and the power systems of the hydrogen fuel cell automobiles all adopt a hydrogen-electricity mixed scheme of a fuel cell and a lithium ion power battery.
At present, on a fuel cell automobile running in a northern alpine region, an electric heating mode is mainly adopted for heating a passenger cabin in winter, and required electric energy is provided by power generation of a fuel cell system, so that not only is the power generated by the fuel cell system configured by the whole automobile increased, and the hydrogen consumption and the cost are increased, but also when the performance of the fuel cell is attenuated along with long running time, the power performance of the whole automobile is reduced by starting warm air, and the state of charge (SOC) of a lithium ion power battery is too low, and sometimes in order to ensure the performance of the automobile, a driver is forced to turn off the electric warm air, so that the experience of passengers taking the fuel cell bus in winter is poor.
In summary, how to significantly improve the heating effect of the passenger compartment without additionally increasing the power and hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell system has become a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a braking energy catcher for improving heating of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, characterized in that the braking energy catcher 13 includes an energy catching controller 21, a heating driver 23 and a heating chamber 22, wherein,
The heating chamber 22, the circulating water pump 11, the windshield defroster 14, the driver foot warmer 15 and the passenger cabin warmer 16 are connected in series on a warm air heating pipeline 17 to form a defrosting and heating system of the whole vehicle;
The energy capture controller 21 is connected with control units of all systems of the whole vehicle through a CAN bus or other communication buses 29;
The heating driver 23 is connected to the high-voltage direct-current bus 4 of the whole vehicle through the high-voltage direct-current bus 12, and utilizes the electric energy on the high-voltage direct-current bus 4 to heat the circulating water in the warm air heating pipeline 17;
Under the control of the energy capturing controller 21, during the whole vehicle braking process, the energy capturing controller 21 selects the surplus braking feedback electric energy on the high-voltage direct-current bus 4 and heats circulating water in the warm air heating pipeline 17 through the heating chamber 22, and the hot water flows through the warm air heating pipeline 17 through the windshield defroster 14, the driver foot warm air heater 15 and the passenger cabin warm air heater 16 in sequence under the pushing of the circulating water pump 11 to provide a heat source for the temperature control of all parts of the whole vehicle.
Preferably, the energy capture controller 21 is communicatively connected to the fuel cell control unit 24, the control unit 25 of the fuel cell DC-DC converter, the power battery management system 26, the accessory control unit 27, the motor controller 28, the air conditioner control unit 30, and the vehicle control unit 31 via a CAN bus or other communication bus 29, respectively, and the energy capture controller 21 receives analog signals of the windshield defroster switch 18, the air conditioner warm air switch 19, and the brake switch 20.
Preferably, the operation modes of the brake energy catcher 13 include a direct heating mode and a catch heating mode, wherein the direct heating mode is an operation mode when the windshield defroster switch 18 is turned on, and the mode directly obtains electric energy from the high-voltage direct-current bus 4 to heat circulating water in the warm air heating pipeline 17 so as to quickly remove frost on the windshield glass by hot air, and the windshield view of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle meets the safe driving requirement as soon as possible;
The capturing heating mode is to heat circulating water in the warm air heating pipeline 17 by using redundant braking feedback energy on the premise of ensuring that a power battery is not overcharged according to the running state of the whole vehicle, so that the aim of improving the energy efficiency of the whole vehicle is fulfilled.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method for improving heating of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle using a braking energy scavenger, wherein,
The capture heating mode includes the steps of:
s1) an air conditioning warm air switch 19 is opened, and a brake switch 20 is closed;
s2) the energy capture controller 21 obtains power control parameters through each control unit of the whole vehicle control system, and the method comprises the following steps:
The warm air heating demand power P 13_req obtained by the air conditioning control unit 30,
The battery maximum allowable charge power P 9max_chg obtained by the power battery management system 26,
The fuel cell idle power P 1_idle obtained by the fuel cell control unit 24,
The high-voltage accessory power P 3 obtained by the high-voltage accessory control unit 27,
The motor maximum allowable generated power P 6reg_limit acquired by the motor controller 28;
S3) the energy capture controller 21 analyzes and obtains the current capturable heating power P 13_avail according to the power state parameters provided by other control units of the whole vehicle, and provides the current braking feedback power requirement P 6_reg for the whole vehicle controller 31.
Preferably, the operating states of the braking energy catcher 13 include a no energy catching state, a full energy catching state, and a partial energy catching state.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,
In the case of the P 9max_chg+P3-P1_idle≥P6reg_limit -type silicon wafer,
P6_reg＝P6reg_limit
P13_avail＝0，
In this operating state, the brake energy catcher 13 is not operated because the brake feedback power of the whole vehicle is small, and is in a state without energy catching.
Preferably, when P 13_req+P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle<P6reg_limit is used,
P6_reg＝P13_req+P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle
P13_avail＝P13_req，
In this operating state, since the brake feedback power of the entire vehicle is sufficient, the brake energy catcher 13 can be operated at full power according to the required power of the warm air device, and is in a full energy catching state.
Preferably, when P 9max_chg+P3-P1_idle<P6reg_limit and P 13_req+P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle≥P6reg_limit,
P6_reg＝P6reg_limit
P13_avail＝P6reg_limit-(P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle)，
In this operating state, since the brake feedback power of the whole vehicle is greater than the value of P 9max_chg+P3-P1_idle, but the redundant power cannot fully meet the requirement of the hot air demand power, the brake energy catcher 13 can only work according to the partial power of the hot air demand power P 13_req, and is in a partial energy catching state.
Preferably, the operating state of the brake energy catcher 13 is switched between the no-energy catching state, the full-energy catching state and the partial-energy catching state as the motor maximum allowable brake feedback power of the fuel cell vehicle varies during braking.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The invention can allow the driving motor to output larger power generation power during braking feedback under a certain condition, and uses the electric energy which cannot be absorbed by the high-voltage accessory and the power battery system to heat the circulating water of the warm air system, thereby avoiding directly consuming the electric energy of the fuel battery or the power battery and playing an energy-saving effect;
2) When the vehicle is in a capture heating mode, because the vehicle is in a braking state, the motor braking feedback power generation power of the conventional hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is usually determined according to the maximum allowable charging power of the power cell at the moment, but the braking energy catcher provided by the invention can request the whole vehicle controller to send out a command to the driving motor according to the running state of the whole vehicle, so that the driving motor can send out larger braking feedback power generation power, and on the premise of meeting the charging of the lithium ion power cell, the braking energy catcher can capture and utilize the extra power generation power and be used for heating circulating water in a heating pipeline, and because the part of heated electric energy is not directly from the fuel cell or the power cell but from the braking energy of the whole vehicle, the energy utilization efficiency of the whole vehicle is improved;
3) The invention solves the problem that the maximum allowable charging power of the lithium ion power battery of the hydrogen fuel battery automobile running in winter in north is reduced due to low temperature, thereby seriously affecting the braking energy recovery efficiency and reducing the energy efficiency of the whole automobile, and also solves the problem of the increase of the hydrogen consumption caused by the electric heating mode of the passenger cabin;
4) The invention is particularly suitable for various hydrogen fuel cell automobiles running in northern cold regions; has important engineering application value for improving and enhancing the fuel economy and riding comfort of the hydrogen fuel cell automobile.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for improving heating of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle using a brake energy catcher according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the brake energy catcher of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings are:
1-fuel cell system, 2-fuel cell DC-DC converter, 3-high voltage accessory, 4-high voltage DC bus, 5-drive motor controller, 6-drive motor, 7-transmission system, 8-drive wheel, 9-power cell system, 11-circulating water pump, 12-high voltage DC bus, 13-brake energy catcher, 14-windshield defroster, 15-driver foot warmer, 16-passenger compartment warmer, 17-warm air heating line, 18-windshield defroster switch, 19-air conditioner warm air switch, 20-brake switch, 21-energy catcher controller, 22-heating chamber, 23-heating driver, 24-fuel cell control unit, 25-fuel cell DC-DC converter control unit, 26-power battery management system, 27-accessory control unit, 28-motor controller, 29-CAN bus or other communication bus, 30-air conditioner control unit, 31-vehicle controller.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention.
All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiments described below, together with the words of orientation, are exemplary and intended to explain the invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention.
The following describes a brake energy catcher for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and a control method thereof in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-2, in one broad embodiment of the present invention, a braking energy catcher for improving heating of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, the braking energy catcher 13 mainly includes an energy catching controller 21, a heating driver 23 and a heating chamber 22, wherein,
The heating chamber 22, the circulating water pump 11, the windshield defroster 14, the driver foot heater 15 and the passenger cabin heater 16 are connected in series on a warm air heating pipeline 17 to form a defrosting and heating system of the whole vehicle;
The energy capture controller 21 is connected with control units of all systems of the whole vehicle through a CAN bus or other communication buses 29;
The heating driver 23 is connected to the high-voltage direct-current bus 4 of the whole vehicle through the high-voltage direct-current bus 12, and utilizes the electric energy on the high-voltage direct-current bus 4 to heat the circulating water in the warm air heating pipeline 17;
Under the control of the energy capturing controller 21, during the braking process of the whole vehicle, the machine selects the surplus braking feedback electric energy on the high-voltage direct-current bus 4 and heats the circulating water in the warm air heating pipeline 17 through the heating chamber 22, and the hot water flows through the windshield defroster 14, the driver foot warm air heater 15 and the passenger cabin warm air heater 16 in sequence through the warm air heating pipeline 17 under the pushing of the circulating water pump 11 to provide a heat source for the temperature control of each part of the whole vehicle.
Preferably, the energy capture controller 21 is communicatively connected to the fuel cell control unit 24, the control unit 25 of the fuel cell DC-DC converter, the power battery management system 26, the accessory control unit 27, the motor controller 28, the air conditioner control unit 30, and the vehicle control unit 31 via a CAN bus or other communication bus 29, respectively, and the energy capture controller 21 receives analog signals of the windshield defroster switch 18, the air conditioner warm air switch 19, and the brake switch 20.
The invention also provides a method for improving heating of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle by adopting the braking energy catcher,
The operation modes of the braking energy catcher 13 include a direct heating mode and a catching heating mode, wherein the direct heating mode is an operation mode when a windshield defroster switch 18 is turned on, and the mode directly obtains electric energy from the high-voltage direct-current bus 4 to heat circulating water in the warm air heating pipeline 17 so as to quickly remove frost on a windshield glass by hot air, and the windshield view of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle meets the safety driving requirement as soon as possible.
Preferably, the capturing heating mode is to heat the circulating water in the warm air heating pipeline 17 by using redundant braking feedback energy on the premise of ensuring that the power battery is not overcharged according to the running state of the whole vehicle, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the energy efficiency of the whole vehicle.
Preferably, the capturing heating mode includes the steps of:
s1) an air conditioning warm air switch 19 is opened, and a brake switch 20 is closed;
s2) the energy capture controller 21 obtains power control parameters through each control unit of the whole vehicle control system, and the method comprises the following steps:
The warm air heating demand power P 13_req obtained by the air conditioning control unit 30,
The battery maximum allowable charge power P 9max_chg obtained by the power battery management system 26,
The fuel cell idle power P 1_idle obtained by the fuel cell control unit 24,
The high-voltage accessory power P 3 obtained by the high-voltage accessory control unit 27,
The motor maximum allowable generated power P 6reg_limit acquired by the motor controller 28;
S3) the energy capture controller 21 analyzes and obtains the current capturable heating power P 13_avail according to the power state parameters provided by other control units of the whole vehicle, and provides the current braking feedback power requirement P 6_reg for the whole vehicle controller 31.
Preferably, the operating states of the braking energy catcher 13 include a no energy catching state, a full energy catching state, and a partial energy catching state.
Preferably, the operating states of the braking energy catcher 13 include a no energy catching state, a full energy catching state, and a partial energy catching state.
In the case of the P 9max_chg+P3-P1_idle≥P6reg_limit -type silicon wafer,
P6_reg＝P6reg_limit
P13_avail＝0，
In this operating state, the brake energy catcher 13 is not operated because the brake feedback power of the whole vehicle is small, and is in a state without energy catching.
Preferably, when P 13_req+P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle<P6reg_limit is used,
P6_reg＝P13_req+P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle
P13_avail＝P13_req，
In this operating state, since the brake feedback power of the entire vehicle is sufficient, the brake energy catcher 13 can be operated at full power according to the required power of the warm air device, and is in a full energy catching state.
Preferably, when P 9max_chg+P3-P1_idle<P6reg_limit and P 13_req+P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle≥P6reg_limit,
P6_reg＝P6reg_limit
P13_avail＝P6reg_limit-(P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle)，
In this operating state, since the brake feedback power of the whole vehicle is greater than the value of P 9max_chg+P3-P1_idle, but the redundant power cannot fully meet the requirement of the hot air demand power, the brake energy catcher 13 can only work according to the partial power of the hot air demand power P 13_req, and is in a partial energy catching state.
Preferably, the operating state of the brake energy catcher 13 is switched between the no-energy catching state, the full-energy catching state and the partial-energy catching state as the motor maximum allowable brake feedback power of the fuel cell vehicle varies during braking.
In order to further highlight the present invention, the brake energy catcher and the heating method thereof according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the driving process of the fuel cell vehicle.
The power driving system of the fuel cell automobile mainly comprises a fuel cell system 1, a fuel cell DC-DC converter 2, a power cell system 9, a high-voltage accessory 3, a high-voltage direct current bus 4, a driving motor controller 5, a driving motor 6, a transmission system 7 and driving wheels 8. In the running process of the fuel cell automobile, electric energy generated by the fuel cell system 1 is regulated by a DC-DC converter and then is transmitted to the high-voltage direct current bus 4, a driving motor controller 5 which is also connected to the high-voltage direct current bus 4 converts the direct current electric energy into a three-phase alternating current driving motor 6, and the driving motor 6 drives a driving wheel 8 through a transmission system 7, so that the fuel cell automobile is driven to run, and when the automobile needs larger driving power due to acceleration, the power cell system 9 and the fuel cell system 1 jointly output electric energy to meet the driving power requirement of the whole automobile. In addition, the high voltage DC bus 4 provides the high voltage accessories 3 (including electric steering pumps, inflation pumps, 24VDC-DC converters, electric air conditioners, etc.) with the electrical energy required for operation. In order to ensure that the membrane electrode of the fuel cell is in an ideal operating state, when the vehicle is idling, coasting or braking, even if the driving motor 6 does not consume electric energy, the fuel cell system 1 will generate electric energy with certain power, so as to maintain the monolithic voltage of the fuel cell within a certain voltage range, and simultaneously provide electric energy for the high-voltage accessory 3, and the redundant electric energy will be absorbed by the power cell system 9.
During the braking process of the vehicle, the magnitude of the braking feedback generated power P 6reg of the driving motor 6 is affected by the following four factors: 1) an idle power P 1_idle generated by the fuel cell system 1 to maintain its own membrane electrode state, 2) an electric power P 3 consumed by the high-voltage accessory 3, 3) a maximum allowable charging power P 9max_chg of the power cell system 9, 4) a maximum feedback generated power P 6reg_limit allowed by a braking feedback process of the motor and the motor controller, and the relation between the above several power variables is shown in the expression (1) and the expression (2).
P6reg+P1_idle＝P3+P9max_chg (1)
P6reg＝P3+P9max_chg-P1_idle≤P6reg_limit (2)
Since the operating temperature of the power battery system 9 is often low in the cold weather in winter, the maximum allowable charging power P 9max_chg is also low, and the power consumed by the high-voltage accessory 3 and the idle power P 1_idle of the fuel cell are also not large, as can be seen from the formula (2), the braking feedback power P 6reg of the driving motor 6 is also limited in a smaller power range in the cold environment, so that the effect of improving the recovery energy efficiency of the whole vehicle through braking energy feedback is greatly reduced. The main reason for this is that the maximum allowable charging power P 9max_chg of the lithium ion power battery system 9 is low due to the cold low temperature, and even if the driving motor 6 has the capacity to generate larger generated power at this time, the driving motor 6 can only work according to the lower braking feedback generated power due to the insufficient maximum allowable charging power of the power battery system 9 and consume the redundant energy through the friction brake, thereby reducing the energy utilization efficiency of the whole vehicle.
The braking energy catcher 13 provided by the invention can allow the driving motor 6 to output larger power generation power in braking feedback under a certain condition, and the electric energy which cannot be absorbed by the high-voltage accessory 3 and the power battery system 9 is used for heating the circulating water of the warm air system, so that the direct consumption of the electric energy of a fuel cell or a power battery is avoided, and the energy-saving effect is achieved. At this time, the braking feedback power P 6reg of the driving motor is:
P6reg＝P3+P9max_chg+P13_req-P1_idle≤P6reg_limit (3)
As can be seen from the formula (3), because of the brake energy catcher power P 13_req, even if the maximum allowable charging power P 9max_chg of the power battery system 9 is not large, the driving motor 6 can be allowed to emit a larger brake feedback power P 6reg, thereby reducing the electric energy directly from the fuel cell or the power cell consumed by the warm air heating, and achieving the purpose of improving the energy efficiency of the whole vehicle.
The hot water heated by the brake energy catcher 13 flows through the windshield defroster 14, the driver foot heater 15 and the passenger cabin heater 16 in sequence through the warm air heating pipeline 17 under the pushing of the circulating water pump 11, and provides a heat source for the temperature control of all parts of the whole vehicle.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A braking energy catcher for improving heating of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, said braking energy catcher (13) comprising an energy catching controller (21), a heating driver (23) and a heating chamber (22), characterized in that,
The heating chamber (22), the circulating water pump (11), the windshield defroster (14), the driver foot warmer (15) and the passenger cabin warmer (16) are connected in series on a warm air heating pipeline (17) to form a defrosting and heating system of the whole vehicle;
the energy capture controller (21) is connected with control units of all systems of the whole vehicle through a CAN bus or other communication buses (29);
The heating driver (23) is connected to a high-voltage direct-current bus (4) of the whole vehicle through a high-voltage direct-current bus (12), and the electric energy on the high-voltage direct-current bus (4) is used for heating circulating water in the warm air heating pipeline (17);
In the whole vehicle braking process, the energy capture controller (21) utilizes surplus braking feedback electric energy on the high-voltage direct-current bus (4) and heats circulating water in the warm air heating pipeline (17) through the heating chamber (22), hot water flows through the windshield defroster (14), the driver foot warm air device (15) and the passenger cabin warm air device (16) in sequence through the warm air heating pipeline (17) under the pushing of the circulating water pump (11) to provide a heat source for the temperature control of all parts of the whole vehicle;
the energy capture controller (21) is respectively in communication connection with the fuel cell control unit (24), the control unit (25) of the fuel cell DC-DC converter, the power cell management system (26), the accessory control unit (27), the motor controller (28), the air conditioner control unit (30) and the whole vehicle controller (31) through a CAN bus or other communication buses (29), and the energy capture controller (21) receives analog signals of the windshield defroster switch (18), the air conditioner warm air switch (19) and the brake switch (20);
the operating modes of the brake energy catcher (13) include a direct heating mode and a catch heating mode, wherein,
The direct heating mode is an operating mode when a windshield defroster switch (18) is turned on, and the mode directly obtains electric energy from a high-voltage direct-current bus (4) to heat circulating water in a warm air heating pipeline (17);
the catching heating mode is to heat circulating water in a warm air heating pipeline (17) by using redundant braking feedback energy on the premise of ensuring that a power battery is not overcharged according to the running state of the whole vehicle.
2. A heating method for improving heating of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle based on the braking energy catcher as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the catcher heating mode includes the steps of:
s1) an air conditioner warm air switch (19) is opened, and a brake switch (20) is closed;
S2) the energy capture controller (21) obtains power control parameters through each control unit of the whole vehicle control system, and the method comprises the following steps:
The heating demand power P 13_req of the warm air obtained by the air conditioner control unit (30),
The maximum allowable battery charging power P 9max_chg obtained by the power battery management system (26),
The fuel cell idle power P 1_idle obtained by the fuel cell control unit (24),
The high-voltage accessory power P 3 obtained by the high-voltage accessory control unit (27),
The maximum allowable motor power P 6reg_limit obtained by the motor controller (28);
S3) the energy capture controller (21) analyzes and obtains the current capturable heating power P 13_avail according to the power state parameters provided by other control units of the whole vehicle, and provides the current braking feedback power requirement P 6_reg for the whole vehicle controller (31).
3. A heating method according to claim 2, characterized in that the operating states of the brake energy catcher (13) include a no energy catching state, a full energy catching state and a partial energy catching state.
4. A heating method according to claim 3, wherein,
In the case of the P 9max_chg+P3-P1_idle≥P6reg_limit -type silicon wafer,
P6_reg＝P6reg_limit
P13_avail＝0，
In the running state, the brake energy catcher (13) does not work and is in an energy catching-free state because the brake feedback power of the whole vehicle is smaller.
5. A heating method according to claim 3, wherein, when P 13_req+P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle<P6reg_limit,
P6_reg＝P13_req+P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle
P13_avail＝P13_req，
In the running state, since the brake feedback power of the whole vehicle is enough, the brake energy catcher (13) can work according to the full power of the demand power of the warm air device, and is in a full energy catching state.
6. A heating method according to claim 3, wherein, when P 9max_chg+P3-P1_idle<P6reg_limit and P 13_req+P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle≥P6reg_limit,
P6_reg＝P6reg_limit
P13_avail＝P6reg_limit-(P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle)，
In the running state, the brake feedback power of the whole vehicle is larger than the value of P 9max_chg+P3-P1_idle, but the redundant power cannot completely meet the requirement of the hot air demand power, so that the brake energy catcher (13) can only work according to part of the power of the hot air demand power P 13_req and is in a part of energy catching state.
7. A heating method according to any one of claims 3-6, characterized in that the operating state of the brake energy catcher (13) is switched between the no energy catching state, the full energy catching state and the partial energy catching state as the motor maximum allowable brake feedback power of the fuel cell vehicle during braking varies.
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